EP3689705A1 - Automatic traction coupling - Google Patents

Automatic traction coupling Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3689705A1
EP3689705A1 EP20151910.5A EP20151910A EP3689705A1 EP 3689705 A1 EP3689705 A1 EP 3689705A1 EP 20151910 A EP20151910 A EP 20151910A EP 3689705 A1 EP3689705 A1 EP 3689705A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
coupling
rod
centerpiece
dome
latching
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP20151910.5A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP3689705B1 (en
Inventor
Martin Schüler
Andreas Schwinning
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Voith Patent GmbH
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Voith Patent GmbH
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Publication date
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Priority to PL20151910T priority Critical patent/PL3689705T3/en
Publication of EP3689705A1 publication Critical patent/EP3689705A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP3689705B1 publication Critical patent/EP3689705B1/en
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B61—RAILWAYS
    • B61G—COUPLINGS; DRAUGHT AND BUFFING APPLIANCES
    • B61G3/00—Couplings comprising mating parts of similar shape or form which can be coupled without the use of any additional element or elements
    • B61G3/16—Couplings comprising mating parts of similar shape or form which can be coupled without the use of any additional element or elements with coupling heads rigidly connected by rotatable hook plates or discs and balancing links, the coupling members forming a parallelogram, e.g. "Scharfenberg" type
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B61—RAILWAYS
    • B61G—COUPLINGS; DRAUGHT AND BUFFING APPLIANCES
    • B61G3/00—Couplings comprising mating parts of similar shape or form which can be coupled without the use of any additional element or elements
    • B61G3/16—Couplings comprising mating parts of similar shape or form which can be coupled without the use of any additional element or elements with coupling heads rigidly connected by rotatable hook plates or discs and balancing links, the coupling members forming a parallelogram, e.g. "Scharfenberg" type
    • B61G3/18—Locking devices
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B61—RAILWAYS
    • B61G—COUPLINGS; DRAUGHT AND BUFFING APPLIANCES
    • B61G3/00—Couplings comprising mating parts of similar shape or form which can be coupled without the use of any additional element or elements

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to an automatic train coupling, in particular for a freight wagon of a rail vehicle, according to the preamble of claim 1.
  • automatic traction couplings of the generic type which have a coupling head with a coupling housing and a dome lock with locking.
  • the dome lock is designed as a twist lock with a dome eyelet and a centerpiece, the centerpiece being rotatable about a main axis between a ready-to-couple position, a coupled position and an uncoupled position, and the dome eyelet being connected to the centerpiece with a first end rotatable about a dome eyelet and has a second free end.
  • the centerpiece has a mouth for receiving a corresponding second end of a coupling eye of a coupling head of the same type.
  • a spring mechanism is assigned to the heart.
  • the centerpiece can be rotated against the force of the spring accumulator from the coupled position to the uncoupled position and by the force of the spring accumulator from the uncoupled position to the position ready for coupling and from the position ready for coupling into the coupled position.
  • the locking device which holds the dome lock in the appropriate position or releases it corresponding to the transition to another position by turning the centerpiece, has a plunger that can be moved against a spring force in the coupling direction of the pull coupling and a latch rod that can be moved transversely or obliquely to the coupling direction.
  • the pawl rod is articulated to the frog and can be displaced from the frog when it is rotated from the coupled position into the uncoupled position into a latching position, in which the pawl rod rotates the frog back, that is blocked in the direction from the uncoupled position to the coupled position.
  • the stamp in turn is movable between a first position and a second position. In the first position, in which the stamp is displaced counter to the spring force, the stamp blocks the latch rod in the latching position and in the second position, in which the stamp is displaced from the first position by the spring force, the stamp releases the latch rod from the Rest position.
  • the function of the generic automatic pull coupling is as follows: Two coupling heads of the same type on two vehicles to be coupled together are locked together by inserting the second end of the respective coupling eyelet into the mouth of the heart of the other coupling head and holding it positively by turning the heart there becomes. This mechanically couples the two vehicles together.
  • the two dome locks are only subjected to tensile forces that are evenly distributed over both dome eyes within the parallelogram that forms the dome eyes and the frogs.
  • compressive forces are transmitted through a special profile on the front side of the coupling head housing, the profile generally, as is also advantageous in the case of the present invention, comprising a cone and a funnel, which are enclosed by a broad, in particular flat end face.
  • the profile can be formed by a separate end plate that is attached to the front of the coupling head housing.
  • the profile can form sliding and centering surfaces with the cone and funnel and in particular determine the gripping area in terms of side, height and angle offset. When the coupling heads meet, they center and slide into each other.
  • dome locks or their heart pieces are in a dome-ready position, in which the heart pieces are held by the latch rods, which are in the locking position. Dive when coupling the cones into the funnels of the coupling head housing profiles. The cones press on the punches and push them back so that the punches release the latch rods from their locking position. As a result, the dome locks are released and rotated by the force of the respective spring accumulator until the centerpiece strikes a predetermined stop, usually on the coupling head housing. The dome eyelets in the funnels snap into the centerpiece mouths, the two dome locks are hooked together and the coupled position is reached. Unintentional separation of the dome locks is not possible. Normal wear and tear does not affect the safety of the dome lock.
  • a decoupling device rotates both coupling closures, that is to say the two heart pieces against the force of the spring accumulator, until the coupling eyes slide out of the mouths of the heart pieces.
  • the twisting frogs are supposed to move the ratchet rods so far that when the vehicles are separated, the frogs are prevented from turning back from the uncoupled position beyond the ready-to-couple position by moving the ratchet rods into their locking positions.
  • the pull couplings are designed in such a way that the coupling heads or coupling locks operate alternately. If, for example, a dome lock is released with a manual uncoupling or also with an automated uncoupling by turning its heart against the force of the spring accumulator, this rotary movement is carried out via the Transfer the dome eyelet connected to the centerpiece and the mouth of the opposite centerpiece to the opposite centerpiece. Accordingly, the opposite centerpiece transmits its rotary movement to its latch rod in such a way that it reaches its latching position.
  • the problem with the known train couplings is that especially in freight cars, especially in light vehicles, and by an unavoidable play in the train coupling or in a coupling joint via which the train coupling is connected to the rail vehicle, it favors that when the rotary movement is transmitted from actively actuated coupling head on the passively actuated coupling head, the coupling heads move apart while the rotary movement of the heart of the coupling heads still takes place to open the coupling locks.
  • the present invention is therefore based on the object of improving an automatic traction coupling of the generic type in such a way that the centerpiece is reliably locked by moving the latch rod into the latching position even with a passively actuated coupling head, as shown.
  • An automatic train coupling according to the invention in particular for a freight wagon of a rail vehicle, has a coupling head which comprises a coupling head housing and a dome lock with locking.
  • the dome lock is designed as a twist lock with a dome eyelet and a centerpiece, the centerpiece being rotatable about a main axis between a ready-to-couple position, a coupled position and a decoupled position.
  • the decoupled position can coincide with the position ready for coupling, or viewed from the coupled position, the uncoupled position is provided beyond the position ready for coupling, based on the rotational movement of the frog.
  • the dome eyelet is connected with a first end rotatable about a dome eyelet axis on the centerpiece and has a second free end.
  • the second free end forms in particular a cross bar to achieve the eye-shaped shape of the dome.
  • the centerpiece has a mouth that is arranged to receive a second end of a coupling eye of a coupling head of the same type, and the centerpiece is against the force of a spring accumulator from the coupled position to the uncoupled position and by the force of the spring accumulator at least from the uncoupled position in the coupled position can be rotated, in particular if the uncoupled position does not coincide with the ready-to-couple position, can be rotated by the force of the spring accumulator from the uncoupled position to the ready-to-couple position and from the ready-to-couple position to the coupled position.
  • the cross bar of the dome eyelet is inserted into the mouth.
  • the locking of the dome lock has a plunger which can be displaced against a spring force in the coupling direction of the pull coupling and a ratchet rod which can be moved transversely or obliquely to the coupling direction.
  • the pawl rod is articulated to the crosspiece and can be displaced from the crosspiece when it is rotated from the coupled position into the uncoupled position into a latching position, in which the pawl rod blocks rotation of the crosspiece from the uncoupled position into the coupled position.
  • the stamp In a first position displaced counter to the spring force, the stamp blocks the latch rod in the latching position and releases the latch bar from the latching position when it is in a second position displaced by the spring force.
  • the latching position of the latch rod is now positioned in such a way that it is selected such that the latch rod is already moved into the latching position before the centerpiece reaches its uncoupled position.
  • the centerpiece it is no longer necessary for the centerpiece to be rotated completely from the coupled position to its maximum possible rotational position, in which it assumes the uncoupled position, in order to move the latch rod into its latching position.
  • the latch rod reaches the locking position earlier, even if the centerpiece has not yet been rotated as far as possible from the coupled position in the direction of the uncoupled position.
  • the latch rod thus already reaches the latching position in a predetermined rotational position of the frog in the direction of rotation from the coupled to the uncoupled position, the predetermined rotational position having an angle of rotation difference with respect to the rotational position of the frog in the said maximum possible rotational position.
  • the pawl rod therefore reaches the latching position earlier, which can be achieved, for example, in that a latching projection of the latching rod engages earlier with a latching projection of a guide for the latching rod if the centerpiece is not yet completely out the coupled position up to its maximum possible rotational position, in which it assumes the uncoupled position.
  • a conventional latch rod can be modified, for example, in that its latching projection is positioned comparatively further away from a connection of the latch rod on the centerpiece and / or the latching projection of the guide is positioned comparatively closer to the connection of the latch rod on the centerpiece.
  • the solution according to the invention ensures that, at least as soon as the plunger has been moved from the second position to the first position, the latch rod engages in a counter bearing, even if the heart piece connected to the latch rod has not previously been rotated to the maximum in the direction of the uncoupled position.
  • This is particularly important for the passively operated dome lock shown at the beginning, in which the centerpiece is not rotated directly by an automated uncoupling connected to it or by a manual decoupling, but indirectly via the opposite centerpiece and the coupling dome connected to it or via the opposite centerpiece and its own dome eyelet, which is shifted accordingly from the opposite centerpiece.
  • a displacement position of the latch rod is defined in which the latch rod has been displaced far enough in the direction of the stamp to be released by the stamp in its second position on a counter bearing, for example on a guide of the stamp, to engage.
  • the ratchet rod can assume the locking position, which can accordingly also be called the ready-to-lock position, before the punch releases the actual engagement with the counter bearing.
  • the punch particularly advantageously has an opening which at least partially or completely surrounds the latch rod and which
  • the ratchet rod forms a latching connection with the counter bearing, in particular on a guide of the ram, with two latching projections that can be brought into engagement with one another, which can also be called latching noses, the ratchet bar being operable by moving the ram from the first to the second position by the to end mutual engagement of the locking projections.
  • the pawl rod has a latching projection which is positioned to be displaced over the latching projection of the counterbearing when the centerpiece to which the ratchet rod is connected is rotated from the coupled position to the uncoupled position, in the uncoupled position , that is, with a maximum rotation of the frog from the coupled position in the direction of the uncoupled position, a distance between the locking projections in the direction of displacement of the latch rod is set.
  • the latching position of the latch rod is advantageously positioned in such a way that the latch bar is already shifted into the latching position or position ready for latching before the centerpiece reaches its uncoupled position or a detachable position at all, so that the latch rod in the uncoupled position of the The centerpiece has been moved beyond the rest position, so to speak.
  • an elastic spring element is provided, against the spring force of which the latch rod can be brought into the latching position.
  • the spring element is positioned to press the locking projections into one another transversely to the direction of displacement of the latch rod for mutual engagement.
  • the punch can preferably be brought into engagement with the latch rod in the region of the opening in such a way that it moves from the first into the second Position the ratchet rod moves against the spring force of the spring element.
  • the coupling head preferably has a manual decoupling.
  • the manual decoupling can be accessible for actuation from only one side transversely to the coupling direction.
  • a structurally complex, manual decoupling arranged on both sides can be omitted and the operating times can be shortened, because it is ensured according to the invention that the passively actuated dome lock is always safely brought into the desired dome-ready position.
  • pulse lines were provided for transmitting a decoupling pulse, by means of which the aforementioned play in the pull coupling or in the coupling joint was canceled, then in the solution according to the invention these pulse lines can be used to transmit the decoupling pulse and to feed the decoupling cylinder of the counter coupling omitted.
  • the operating instructions for uncoupling can also be simplified. Braking and pressing on the vehicles of long trains before separating the vehicles can be omitted.
  • the solution according to the invention in particular ensures an improved geometrical arrangement of the latching lug on the latch rod, which ensures that the passively actuated dome lock arrests both coupling heads in the ready-for-coupling position when the dome locks are opened and the coupling heads are moved apart.
  • This also securely closes air clutch valves, if provided, which are controlled by the closing movement about the main axis. This prevents the main air line from being vented and the corresponding rail vehicle braked to the maximum Shunting area stands. The release of the brakes has previously led to an unfavorable delay, especially in the case of longer car units, by filling the air accumulator.
  • the manual uncoupling comprises, for example, a cable pull or another gear with at least one chain, linkage or lever system.
  • the uncoupling movement is transmitted via a cable to a decoupling lever, which causes the corresponding centerpiece to rotate.
  • the centerpiece is in particular mounted on a main pin and is advantageously connected to the main pin in a rotationally fixed manner, so that the centerpiece is also rotated by twisting the main pin.
  • the main bolt extends along the main axis and is rotatable about the main axis.
  • the manual decoupling can also engage the main bolt to twist it.
  • Manual decouplings are used in particular when there is no energy available for automated uncoupling, for example in train couplings on freight wagons.
  • the uncoupling and thus the opening of the dome lock can then be carried out directly on the coupling head at the end of the car.
  • a rail vehicle according to the invention has an automatic train coupling of the type shown.
  • a rail vehicle comprises a plurality of carriages - railcars and / or passenger cars / freight wagons - which are each coupled by means of an automatic train coupling according to the invention, each automatic train coupling having two corresponding coupling heads, of which the heart of the one (passively actuated) coupling coupling is connected indirectly via the rotation the heart of the other (actively operated) dome lock is effected by this twist is transmitted via the dome eyelet.
  • the automatic train coupling has a coupling head 1, which comprises a coupling head housing 2 and the dome lock 3.
  • the dome lock 3 is designed as a twist lock, with the heart 6, to which a dome eyelet 5 is rotatably connected about a dome eyelet axis 8.
  • the frog 6 in turn can be rotated about the main axis 7.
  • the frog 6 is mounted on a main bolt 19 and connected to this in a rotationally fixed manner.
  • main pin 19 can, as in the Figures 1 to 3 is shown, on the one hand engage a manual decoupling 4 in order to decouple the coupling 3 manually.
  • an actuator 20 of a valve of a compressed air line, in particular brake air line HL, not shown here, can be controlled via the main pin 19, so that when the dome closure 3 is turned into the coupled position, the valve is opened and when Turning the dome lock 3 to the uncoupled position or the position ready for coupling, the valve is closed.
  • the coupling eye 5 has a first end 5.1, at which it is rotatably connected to the frog 6, and an opposite second end 5.2, which can be clamped into a mouth 9 of the frog 6 of a coupling head 1 of the same type, around the two coupling heads 1 mechanically to lock together, such as in the Figures 2 and 4th is shown.
  • the dome eyelet 5 has at its second end 5.2 a crossbar not shown here.
  • each coupling head 1 is against the force of a spring accumulator 10, which is formed, for example, by one or more tension springs, see FIG Figures 2 and 6 , from the uncoupled position ( Figure 5 ) in the coupled position ( Figure 4 ) or the dome-ready position ( Figure 1 ) rotatable.
  • a spring accumulator 10 which is formed, for example, by one or more tension springs, see FIG Figures 2 and 6 , from the uncoupled position ( Figure 5 ) in the coupled position ( Figure 4 ) or the dome-ready position ( Figure 1 ) rotatable.
  • Each coupling head 1 has a plunger 11 which can be displaced in the coupling direction of the pull coupling, that is to say the direction of the longitudinal axes of the coupling heads 1 and which can be displaced linearly in a guide 15 between a first position and a second position.
  • the stamp 11 works with a ratchet rod 12 which is pivotally connected to the centerpiece 6 with one axial end and as from the Figure 8 can be seen, passes through an opening 13 of the stamp 11.
  • the pawl rod 12 has a latching projection 16 in the region of the opening 13, which can be brought into engagement with a latching projection 17 in order to prevent the pawl rod 12 from moving in the direction from its second end to its first end connected to the frog 6. and thus a corresponding rotation of the frog 6.
  • the locking projection 17 is provided in the exemplary embodiment shown on the guide 15, which forms a counter bearing 14 for producing a locking connection with the latch rod 12.
  • an elastic spring element 18 engages in the sense of bringing the two latching projections 16, 17 into engagement, whereas the plunger 11, when it is moved from a first position into a second position, counteracts the force of the spring element 18 against the latch rod 12 releases from the locking connection with the counter bearing 14.
  • the centerpiece 6 can be rotated by the force of the spring accumulator 10, whereas this rotation is blocked in the latching position of the ratchet rod 12.
  • Each coupling head 1 has a profile with a cone 21 and a funnel 22 on its free end face.
  • the cone 21 and the funnel 22 are enclosed by a flat end face 23.
  • the profile or the end face 23 is formed by an end plate 24 which can be embodied integrally with the coupling head housing 2 or can be connected separately to the latter.
  • FIG. 1 the coupling-ready position of the coupling head 1 or the coupling closure 3 is shown. If two coupling heads 1 are moved toward one another in this position, the cones 21 dip into the funnels 22 and press on the front of the punches 11, so that the punches 11 are moved from their first position into their second position and the latching connections of the pawl rods 12 loosen with the counter bearings 14.
  • the second ends 5.2 of the dome eyelets 5 are pushed into the mouths 9 of the frogs 6 and the frogs 6, which are no longer blocked by the pawl rods 12, rotate out of the position in FIG Figure 1 shown ready for coupling in the in Figure 4 Coupled position shown, in which the frogs 6 strike in particular on the coupling head housings 2.
  • the rest in the funnels 22 guided dome eyelets 8 into the frog mouth 9 and the two dome fasteners 3 are hooked into one another.
  • the dome fasteners 3 are loaded exclusively by tensile forces, whereas the compressive forces are transmitted via the end faces 23.
  • an automated decoupling device or the manual decoupling 4 rotates the centerpiece 6 of the actively operated coupling closure 3 against the force of the spring accumulator 10.
  • the coupling eye 5 of the actively operated coupling coupling 3 transmits the rotary movement of the centerpiece 6 via the jaw 9 the centerpiece 6 of the passively actuated dome lock 3, so that this is also rotated against the force of the spring accumulator 10.
  • the heart 6 of the actively operated dome lock 3 can transmit the rotary movement to the dome eyelet 5 of the passively operated dome lock 3, so that the heart 6 of the passively operated dome lock 3 is also rotated as a result.
  • the dome eyelets 5 slide on the mouths 9 of the frogs 6 and the pawl rods 12 are brought into their latching position, in which, when the punches 11 are moved into their first position when the coupling heads 1 are moved apart, the latching connection can be produced between the pawl rods 12 and the counter bearings 14, that is to say hook the two latching projections 16, 17 into one another in a form-fitting manner.
  • the latching position was still selected such that the latch rod 12 of the passively operated dome lock 3 has not yet reached it when the centerpiece 6 of the passively operated dome lock 3 does not disengage far enough into it Position was rotated so that the frog 6 was already turned back in the direction of the coupled position when the locking connection between the latch rod 12 and the counter bearing 14 or between the two locking projections 16, 17 had not yet been established.
  • the latching position of the pawl rod 12 is already reached when the frog 6 has not yet been rotated by the maximum possible angle in the direction of the uncoupled position.
  • the locking projection 16 on the pawl rod 12 is positioned comparatively further from the articulated connection of the pawl rod 12 on the frog 6 and / or the locking projection 17 on the guide 15 is positioned comparatively closer to the articulated connection of the pawl rod 12 on the frog 6, in comparison to the configuration according to the Figure 7 .

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Lock And Its Accessories (AREA)
  • Quick-Acting Or Multi-Walled Pipe Joints (AREA)

Abstract

Die Erfindung betrifft eine automatische Zugkupplung mit einem Kupplungskopf, der ein Kupplungskopfgehäuse und einen Kuppelverschluss mit Arretierung umfasst, wobei der Kuppelverschluss als Drehverschluss mit einer Kuppelöse und einem Herzstück ausgeführt ist, wobei das Herzstück um eine Hauptachse verdrehbar ist zwischen einer kuppelbereiten Stellung, einer gekuppelten Stellung und einer entkuppelten Stellung, die Kuppelöse mit einem ersten Ende verdrehbar um eine Kuppelösenachse am Herzstück angeschlossen ist und ein zweites freies Ende aufweist; und das Herzstück ein Maul aufweist, das zur Aufnahme eines zweiten Endes einer Kuppelöse eines gegengleichen Kupplungskopfes angeordnet ist, und das Herzstück entgegen der Kraft eines Federspeichers aus der gekuppelten Stellung in die entkuppelte Stellung und durch die Kraft des Federspeichers aus der entkuppelten Stellung in die gekuppelte Stellung verdrehbar ist; wobei die Arretierung einen entgegen einer Federkraft in Kuppelrichtung der Zugkupplung verschiebbaren Stempel und eine quer oder schräg zur Kuppelrichtung verschiebbare Klinkenstange umfasst und die Klinkenstange gelenkig am Herzstück angeschlossen und vom Herzstück bei dessen Verdrehung aus der gekuppelten Stellung in die entkuppelte Stellung in eine Rastposition verschiebbar ist, in welcher die Klinkenstange eine Verdrehung des Herzstückes aus der entkuppelten Stellung in die gekuppelte Stellung blockiert; wobei der Stempel in einer ersten entgegen der Federkraft verschobenen Position die Klinkenstange in der Rastposition blockiert und in einer zweiten durch die Federkraft verschobenen Position die Klinkenstange aus der Rastposition löst.Die automatische Zugkupplung ist dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Rastposition der Klinkenstange derart positioniert ist, dass die Klinkenstange in die Rastposition verschoben wird, bevor das Herzstück seine entkuppelte Stellung erreicht.The invention relates to an automatic train coupling with a coupling head, which comprises a coupling head housing and a dome lock with locking, the dome lock being designed as a twist lock with a coupling eyelet and a centerpiece, the centerpiece being rotatable about a main axis between a coupling-ready position, a coupled position and a decoupled position, the coupling eye is connected with a first end rotatably about a coupling eye axis on the centerpiece and has a second free end; and the centerpiece has a mouth, which is arranged to receive a second end of a coupling eye of an opposing coupling head, and the centerpiece against the force of a spring accumulator from the coupled position to the uncoupled position and by the force of the spring accumulator from the uncoupled position to the coupled Position is rotatable; wherein the locking device comprises a plunger which can be displaced counter to a spring force in the coupling direction of the pull coupling and a ratchet rod which can be displaced transversely or obliquely to the coupling direction, and the ratchet rod is connected in an articulated manner to the centerpiece and can be displaced from the centerpiece during its rotation from the coupled position into the uncoupled position into a latching position, in which the latch rod blocks rotation of the frog from the uncoupled position to the coupled position; wherein the ram blocks the latch rod in the latching position in a first position displaced against the spring force and releases the latch rod from the latching position in a second position displaced by the spring force. The automatic pull coupling is characterized in that the latching position of the latch rod is positioned such that the latch bar is moved into the locking position before the frog reaches its uncoupled position.

Description

Die vorliegende Erfindung betrifft eine automatische Zugkupplung, insbesondere für einen Güterwagen eines Schienenfahrzeugs, gemäß dem Oberbegriff von Anspruch 1.The present invention relates to an automatic train coupling, in particular for a freight wagon of a rail vehicle, according to the preamble of claim 1.

In der Praxis sind gattungsgemäße automatische Zugkupplungen bekannt, die einen Kupplungskopf mit einem Kupplungsgehäuse und einem Kuppelverschluss mit Arretierung aufweisen. Der Kuppelverschluss ist als Drehverschluss mit einer Kuppelöse und einem Herzstück ausgeführt, wobei das Herzstück um eine Hauptachse verdrehbar ist zwischen einer kuppelbereiten Stellung, einer gekuppelten Stellung und einer entkuppelten Stellung, und die Kuppelöse mit einem ersten Ende verdrehbar um eine Kuppelösenachse am Herzstück angeschlossen ist und ein zweites freies Ende aufweist. Das Herzstück weist ein Maul zur Aufnahme eines entsprechenden zweiten Endes einer Kuppelöse eines gegengleichen Kupplungskopfes auf.In practice, automatic traction couplings of the generic type are known which have a coupling head with a coupling housing and a dome lock with locking. The dome lock is designed as a twist lock with a dome eyelet and a centerpiece, the centerpiece being rotatable about a main axis between a ready-to-couple position, a coupled position and an uncoupled position, and the dome eyelet being connected to the centerpiece with a first end rotatable about a dome eyelet and has a second free end. The centerpiece has a mouth for receiving a corresponding second end of a coupling eye of a coupling head of the same type.

Dem Herzstück ist ein Federspeicher zugeordnet. Das Herzstück ist entgegen der Kraft des Federspeichers aus der gekuppelten Stellung in die entkuppelte Stellung und durch die Kraft des Federspeichers aus der entkuppelten Stellung in die kuppelbereite Stellung und aus der kuppelbereiten Stellung in die gekuppelte Stellung verdrehbar.A spring mechanism is assigned to the heart. The centerpiece can be rotated against the force of the spring accumulator from the coupled position to the uncoupled position and by the force of the spring accumulator from the uncoupled position to the position ready for coupling and from the position ready for coupling into the coupled position.

Die Arretierung, welche den Kuppelverschluss in der jeweils geeigneten Stellung hält oder entsprechend zum Übergang in eine andere Stellung durch Verdrehen des Herzstückes freigibt, weist einen entgegen einer Federkraft in Kuppelrichtung der Zugkupplung verschiebbaren Stempel und eine quer oder schräg zur Kuppelrichtung verschiebbare Klinkenstange auf. Die Klinkenstange ist gelenkig am Herzstück angeschlossen und vom Herzstück bei dessen Verdrehung aus der gekuppelten Stellung in die entkuppelte Stellung in eine Rastposition verschiebbar, in welcher die Klinkenstange eine Verdrehung des Herzstückes zurück, das heißt in Richtung aus der entkuppelten Stellung in die gekuppelte Stellung blockiert. Der Stempel wiederum ist bewegbar zwischen einer ersten Position und einer zweiten Position. In der ersten Position, in welcher der Stempel entgegen der Federkraft verschoben ist, blockiert der Stempel die Klinkenstange in der Rastposition und in der zweiten Position, in welche der Stempel durch die Federkraft aus der ersten Position verschoben wird, löst der Stempel die Klinkenstange aus der Rastposition.The locking device, which holds the dome lock in the appropriate position or releases it corresponding to the transition to another position by turning the centerpiece, has a plunger that can be moved against a spring force in the coupling direction of the pull coupling and a latch rod that can be moved transversely or obliquely to the coupling direction. The pawl rod is articulated to the frog and can be displaced from the frog when it is rotated from the coupled position into the uncoupled position into a latching position, in which the pawl rod rotates the frog back, that is blocked in the direction from the uncoupled position to the coupled position. The stamp in turn is movable between a first position and a second position. In the first position, in which the stamp is displaced counter to the spring force, the stamp blocks the latch rod in the latching position and in the second position, in which the stamp is displaced from the first position by the spring force, the stamp releases the latch rod from the Rest position.

Die Funktion der gattungsgemäßen automatischen Zugkupplung ist wie folgt: Zwei gegengleiche Kupplungsköpfe an zwei miteinander zu kuppelnden Fahrzeugen werden dadurch aneinander arretiert, dass jeweils das zweite Ende der jeweiligen Kuppelöse in das Maul des Herzstückes des jeweils anderen Kupplungskopfes eingesetzt und durch Verdrehen des dortigen Herzstückes formschlüssig gehalten wird. Damit werden die beiden Fahrzeuge mechanisch miteinander gekuppelt. Die beiden Kuppelverschlüsse werden ausschließlich durch Zugkräfte belastet, die sich innerhalb des Parallelogramms, das die Kuppelösen und die Herzstücke bilden, auf beide Kuppelösen gleichmäßig verteilen. Druckkräfte hingegen werden durch ein besonderes Profil frontseitig am Kupplungskopfgehäuse übertragen, wobei das Profil in der Regel, wie vorteilhaft auch bei der vorliegenden Erfindung, einen Kegel und einen Trichter umfasst, die von einer breiten, insbesondere ebenen Stirnfläche umschlossen sind. Das Profil kann von einer separaten Stirnplatte gebildet werden, die vorne am Kupplungskopfgehäuse befestigt ist. Das Profil kann mit dem Kegel und Trichter Gleit- und Zentrierflächen bilden und insbesondere den Greifbereich in Seiten-, Höhen- und Winkelversatz bestimmen. Wenn die Kupplungsköpfe aufeinander treffen, zentrieren sie sich und gleiten ineinander.The function of the generic automatic pull coupling is as follows: Two coupling heads of the same type on two vehicles to be coupled together are locked together by inserting the second end of the respective coupling eyelet into the mouth of the heart of the other coupling head and holding it positively by turning the heart there becomes. This mechanically couples the two vehicles together. The two dome locks are only subjected to tensile forces that are evenly distributed over both dome eyes within the parallelogram that forms the dome eyes and the frogs. In contrast, compressive forces are transmitted through a special profile on the front side of the coupling head housing, the profile generally, as is also advantageous in the case of the present invention, comprising a cone and a funnel, which are enclosed by a broad, in particular flat end face. The profile can be formed by a separate end plate that is attached to the front of the coupling head housing. The profile can form sliding and centering surfaces with the cone and funnel and in particular determine the gripping area in terms of side, height and angle offset. When the coupling heads meet, they center and slide into each other.

Wenn zwei Schienenfahrzeuge aufeinander zu bewegt werden, so befinden sich deren Kuppelverschlüsse beziehungsweise deren Herzstücke in einer kuppelbereiten Stellung, in welcher die Herzstücke von den Klinkenstangen, die sich in der Rastposition befinden, gehalten werden. Beim Kuppeln tauchen jeweils die Kegel in die Trichter der Kupplungskopfgehäuseprofile ein. Dabei drücken die Kegel auf die Stempel und schieben diese zurück, sodass die Stempel die Klinkenstangen aus deren Rastposition lösen. Dadurch werden die Kuppelverschlüsse freigegeben und durch die Kraft des jeweiligen Federspeichers gedreht, bis das Herzstück an einem vorgegebenen Anschlag, in der Regel am Kupplungskopfgehäuse, anschlägt. Dabei rasten die in den Trichtern geführten Kuppelösen in die Herzstückmäuler ein, die beiden Kuppelverschlüsse sind ineinander verhakt und die gekuppelte Stellung ist erreicht. Ein ungewolltes Trennen der Kuppelverschlüsse ist nicht möglich. Normaler Verschleiß beeinträchtigt die Sicherheit des Kuppelverschlusses nicht.When two rail vehicles are moved towards one another, their dome locks or their heart pieces are in a dome-ready position, in which the heart pieces are held by the latch rods, which are in the locking position. Dive when coupling the cones into the funnels of the coupling head housing profiles. The cones press on the punches and push them back so that the punches release the latch rods from their locking position. As a result, the dome locks are released and rotated by the force of the respective spring accumulator until the centerpiece strikes a predetermined stop, usually on the coupling head housing. The dome eyelets in the funnels snap into the centerpiece mouths, the two dome locks are hooked together and the coupled position is reached. Unintentional separation of the dome locks is not possible. Normal wear and tear does not affect the safety of the dome lock.

Um die Kupplungsköpfe zu entkuppeln, dreht eine Entkuppeleinrichtung beide Kuppelverschlüsse, das heißt die beiden Herzstücke gegen die Kraft der Federspeicher, bis die Kuppelösen aus den Mäulern der Herzstücke gleiten. Die sich verdrehenden Herzstücke sollen dabei die Klinkenstangen soweit verschieben, dass beim Trennen der Fahrzeuge ein Zurückdrehen der Herzstücke aus der entkuppelten Stellung über die kuppelbereite Stellung hinaus dadurch verhindert wird, dass die Klinkenstangen in ihre Rastpositionen verbracht werden.In order to decouple the coupling heads, a decoupling device rotates both coupling closures, that is to say the two heart pieces against the force of the spring accumulator, until the coupling eyes slide out of the mouths of the heart pieces. The twisting frogs are supposed to move the ratchet rods so far that when the vehicles are separated, the frogs are prevented from turning back from the uncoupled position beyond the ready-to-couple position by moving the ratchet rods into their locking positions.

Zum druckschriftlichen Stand der Technik wird verwiesen auf GB 419 590 A und US 2013/0146558 A1 . Gattungsgemäße Scharfenbergkupplungen werden ferner offenbart in Wikipedia: Scharfenbergkupplung. URL: https://de.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=scharfenbergkupplung&olded=18485426 7. Version vom 18.01.2019 .Reference is made to the state of the art in printed form GB 419 590 A and US 2013/0146558 A1 . Generic Scharfenberg couplings are also disclosed in Wikipedia: Scharfenberg coupling. URL: https://de.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=scharfenbergkupplung&olded=18485426 7th version from January 18th, 2019 .

Da beim Kuppeln und Entkuppeln immer zwei Kupplungsköpfe zusammenarbeiten, sind die Zugkupplungen derart ausgeführt, dass sich die Kupplungsköpfe beziehungsweise Kuppelverschlüsse wechselseitig betätigen. Wenn beispielsweise ein Kuppelverschluss mit einer Handentkupplung oder auch mit einer automatisierten Entkupplung gelöst wird, indem sein Herzstück entgegen der Kraft des Federspeichers verdreht wird, so wird diese Drehbewegung über die am Herzstück gelenkig angeschlossene Kuppelöse und das Maul des gegengleichen Herzstückes auf das gegengleiche Herzstück übertragen. Entsprechend überträgt das gegengleiche Herzstück seine Drehbewegung derart auf seine Klinkenstange, dass diese in ihre Rastposition gelangt. Problematisch ist bei den bekannten Zugkupplungen, dass insbesondere bei Güterwagen, vor allem bei leichten Fahrzeugen, und durch ein nicht vermeidbares Spiel in der Zugkupplung beziehungsweise in einem Kupplungsgelenk, über welches die Zugkupplung am Schienenfahrzeug angeschlossen ist, begünstigt wird, dass beim Übertragen der Drehbewegung vom aktiv betätigten Kupplungskopf auf den passiv betätigten Kupplungskopf ein Auseinanderbewegen der Kupplungsköpfe erfolgt, während die Drehbewegung der Herzstücke der Kupplungsköpfe zum Öffnen der Kuppelverschlüsse noch stattfindet. Dies führt bei den bekannten Zugkupplungen dazu, dass im ungünstigen Fall die Kupplungsköpfe zwar voneinander getrennt werden können, aber zumindest der passiv betätigte Kuppelverschluss noch nicht in der kuppelbereiten Stellung seines Herzstückes mittels seiner Klinkenstange arretiert wurde, sondern sich das Herzstück wieder zurück in die gekuppelte Stellung bewegt. Damit wird ein nachfolgendes Kuppeln behindert. Wenn ferner an die Bewegung des Kuppelverschlusses auch das Öffnen einer Luftleitung, beispielsweise der Bremsluftleitung, gekoppelt ist, so kann unerwünscht die Bremsluftleitung geöffnet werden.Since two coupling heads always work together when coupling and uncoupling, the pull couplings are designed in such a way that the coupling heads or coupling locks operate alternately. If, for example, a dome lock is released with a manual uncoupling or also with an automated uncoupling by turning its heart against the force of the spring accumulator, this rotary movement is carried out via the Transfer the dome eyelet connected to the centerpiece and the mouth of the opposite centerpiece to the opposite centerpiece. Accordingly, the opposite centerpiece transmits its rotary movement to its latch rod in such a way that it reaches its latching position. The problem with the known train couplings is that especially in freight cars, especially in light vehicles, and by an unavoidable play in the train coupling or in a coupling joint via which the train coupling is connected to the rail vehicle, it favors that when the rotary movement is transmitted from actively actuated coupling head on the passively actuated coupling head, the coupling heads move apart while the rotary movement of the heart of the coupling heads still takes place to open the coupling locks. In the known pull couplings, this leads to the fact that, in the worst case, the coupling heads can be separated from one another, but at least the passively actuated coupling lock has not yet been locked in the ready-to-couple position of its centerpiece by means of its ratchet rod, but rather the centerpiece has returned to the coupled position emotional. This hinders subsequent coupling. If, in addition, the opening of an air line, for example the brake air line, is also coupled to the movement of the dome lock, the brake air line can be opened undesirably.

Der vorliegenden Erfindung liegt daher die Aufgabe zugrunde, eine gattungsgemäße automatische Zugkupplung derart zu verbessern, dass eine Arretierung des Herzstückes durch Verbringen der Klinkenstange in die Rastposition auch bei einem, wie dargestellt, passiv betätigten Kupplungskopf sicher erreicht wird.The present invention is therefore based on the object of improving an automatic traction coupling of the generic type in such a way that the centerpiece is reliably locked by moving the latch rod into the latching position even with a passively actuated coupling head, as shown.

Die erfindungsgemäße Aufgabe wird durch eine automatische Zugkupplung mit den Merkmalen von Anspruch 1 gelöst. In den abhängigen Ansprüchen werden vorteilhafte und besonders zweckmäßige Ausgestaltungen der erfindungsgemäßen Zugkupplung sowie ein Schienenfahrzeug mit einer entsprechenden Zugkupplung angegeben.The object of the invention is achieved by an automatic train coupling with the features of claim 1. In the dependent claims, advantageous and particularly useful embodiments of the Train coupling according to the invention and a rail vehicle with a corresponding train coupling specified.

Eine erfindungsgemäße automatische Zugkupplung, insbesondere für einen Güterwagen eines Schienenfahrzeugs, weist einen Kupplungskopf auf, der ein Kupplungskopfgehäuse und einen Kuppelverschluss mit Arretierung umfasst. Der Kuppelverschluss ist als Drehverschluss mit einer Kuppelöse und einem Herzstück ausgeführt, wobei das Herzstück um eine Hauptachse verdrehbar ist zwischen einer kuppelbereiten Stellung, einer gekuppelten Stellung und einer entkuppelten Stellung. Grundsätzlich kann die entkuppelte Stellung mit der kuppelbereiten Stellung zusammenfallen, oder betrachtet von der gekuppelten Stellung aus ist die entkuppelte Stellung jenseits der kuppelbereiten Stellung vorgesehen, bezogen auf die Drehbewegung des Herzstückes.An automatic train coupling according to the invention, in particular for a freight wagon of a rail vehicle, has a coupling head which comprises a coupling head housing and a dome lock with locking. The dome lock is designed as a twist lock with a dome eyelet and a centerpiece, the centerpiece being rotatable about a main axis between a ready-to-couple position, a coupled position and a decoupled position. In principle, the decoupled position can coincide with the position ready for coupling, or viewed from the coupled position, the uncoupled position is provided beyond the position ready for coupling, based on the rotational movement of the frog.

Die Kuppelöse ist mit einem ersten Ende verdrehbar um eine Kuppelösenachse am Herzstück angeschlossen und weist ein zweites freies Ende auf. Das zweite frei Ende bildet insbesondere einen Querriegel aus, um die ösenförmige Gestalt der Kuppelöse zu erreichen.The dome eyelet is connected with a first end rotatable about a dome eyelet axis on the centerpiece and has a second free end. The second free end forms in particular a cross bar to achieve the eye-shaped shape of the dome.

Das Herzstück weist ein Maul auf, das zur Aufnahme eines zweiten Endes einer Kuppelöse eines gegengleichen Kupplungskopfes angeordnet ist, und das Herzstück ist entgegen der Kraft eines Federspeichers aus der gekuppelten Stellung in die entkuppelte Stellung und durch die Kraft des Federspeichers zumindest aus der entkuppelten Stellung in die gekuppelte Stellung verdrehbar, insbesondere, wenn die entkuppelte Stellung nicht mit der kuppelbereiten Stellung zusammenfällt, durch die Kraft des Federspeichers aus der entkuppelten Stellung in die kuppelbereite Stellung und aus der kuppelbereiten Stellung in die gekuppelte Stellung verdrehbar. Insbesondere wird der Querriegel der Kuppelöse in das Maul eingesetzt.The centerpiece has a mouth that is arranged to receive a second end of a coupling eye of a coupling head of the same type, and the centerpiece is against the force of a spring accumulator from the coupled position to the uncoupled position and by the force of the spring accumulator at least from the uncoupled position in the coupled position can be rotated, in particular if the uncoupled position does not coincide with the ready-to-couple position, can be rotated by the force of the spring accumulator from the uncoupled position to the ready-to-couple position and from the ready-to-couple position to the coupled position. In particular, the cross bar of the dome eyelet is inserted into the mouth.

Die Arretierung des Kuppelverschlusses weist einen entgegen einer Federkraft in Kuppelrichtung der Zugkupplung verschiebbaren Stempel und eine quer oder schräg zur Kuppelrichtung verschiebbare Klinkenstange auf. Die Klinkenstange ist gelenkig am Herzstück angeschlossen und vom Herzstück bei dessen Verdrehung aus der gekuppelten Stellung in die entkuppelte Stellung in eine Rastposition verschiebbar, in welcher die Klinkenstange eine Verdrehung des Herzstückes aus der entkuppelten Stellung in die gekuppelte Stellung blockiert.The locking of the dome lock has a plunger which can be displaced against a spring force in the coupling direction of the pull coupling and a ratchet rod which can be moved transversely or obliquely to the coupling direction. The pawl rod is articulated to the crosspiece and can be displaced from the crosspiece when it is rotated from the coupled position into the uncoupled position into a latching position, in which the pawl rod blocks rotation of the crosspiece from the uncoupled position into the coupled position.

Der Stempel blockiert in einer ersten entgegen der Federkraft verschobenen Position die Klinkenstange in der Rastposition und löst die Klinkenstange aus der Rastposition, wenn er sich in einer zweiten durch die Federkraft verschobenen Position befindet.In a first position displaced counter to the spring force, the stamp blocks the latch rod in the latching position and releases the latch bar from the latching position when it is in a second position displaced by the spring force.

Erfindungsgemäß ist die Rastposition der Klinkenstange nun derart positioniert, das heißt derart gewählt, dass die Klinkenstange bereits in die Rastposition verschoben wird, bevor das Herzstück seine entkuppelte Stellung erreicht. In anderen Worten, ist es nicht mehr notwendig, dass das Herzstück vollständig aus der gekuppelten Stellung bis in seine maximal mögliche Verdrehstellung, in weicher es die entkuppelte Stellung einnimmt, verdreht wird, um die Klinkenstange in ihre Rastposition zu verschieben. Vielmehr erreicht die Klinkenstange die Rastposition schon früher, selbst wenn das Herzstück aus der gekuppelten Stellung in Richtung der entkuppelten Stellung noch nicht soweit wie möglich verdreht wurde. Die Klinkenstange erreicht also die Rastposition bereits in einer vorgegebenen Verdrehstellung des Herzstückes in der Drehrichtung aus der gekuppelten zur entkuppelten Stellung, wobei die vorgegebene Verdrehstellung eine Verdrehwinkeldifferenz gegenüber der Verdrehposition des Herzstückes in der genannten maximal mögliche Verdrehstellung aufweist. Im Vergleich zum Stand der Technik erreicht die Klinkenstange die Rastposition demnach schon früher, was zum Beispiel dadurch erreicht werden kann, dass ein Rastvorsprung der Klinkenstange früher mit einem Rastvorsprung einer Führung für die Klinkenstange in Eingriff gelangt, wenn das Herzstück noch nicht vollständig aus der gekuppelten Stellung bis in seine maximal mögliche Verdrehstellung, in weicher es die entkuppelte Stellung einnimmt, verdreht wurde. Eine herkömmliche Klinkenstange kann beispielsweise dadurch modifiziert werden, dass deren Rastvorsprung vergleichsweise weiter entfernt von einem Anschluss der Klinkenstange am Herzstück positioniert ist und/oder der Rastvorsprung der Führung vergleichsweise dichter zum Anschluss der Klinkenstange am Herzstück positioniert ist.According to the invention, the latching position of the latch rod is now positioned in such a way that it is selected such that the latch rod is already moved into the latching position before the centerpiece reaches its uncoupled position. In other words, it is no longer necessary for the centerpiece to be rotated completely from the coupled position to its maximum possible rotational position, in which it assumes the uncoupled position, in order to move the latch rod into its latching position. Rather, the latch rod reaches the locking position earlier, even if the centerpiece has not yet been rotated as far as possible from the coupled position in the direction of the uncoupled position. The latch rod thus already reaches the latching position in a predetermined rotational position of the frog in the direction of rotation from the coupled to the uncoupled position, the predetermined rotational position having an angle of rotation difference with respect to the rotational position of the frog in the said maximum possible rotational position. In comparison to the prior art, the pawl rod therefore reaches the latching position earlier, which can be achieved, for example, in that a latching projection of the latching rod engages earlier with a latching projection of a guide for the latching rod if the centerpiece is not yet completely out the coupled position up to its maximum possible rotational position, in which it assumes the uncoupled position. A conventional latch rod can be modified, for example, in that its latching projection is positioned comparatively further away from a connection of the latch rod on the centerpiece and / or the latching projection of the guide is positioned comparatively closer to the connection of the latch rod on the centerpiece.

Durch die erfindungsgemäße Lösung wird sichergestellt, dass, zumindest sobald der Stempel aus der zweiten Position in die erste Position verschoben wurde, die Klinkenstange in ein Gegenlager einrastet, selbst wenn das an der Klinkenstange angeschlossene Herzstück zuvor nicht maximal in Richtung der entkuppelten Stellung verdreht wurde. Dies ist besonders für den eingangs dargestellten passiv betätigten Kuppelverschluss wichtig, bei welchem das Herzstück nicht unmittelbar durch eine an ihm angeschlossene automatisierte Entkupplung oder durch eine Handentkupplung verdreht wird, sondern mittelbar über das gegengleiche Herzstück und die daran angeschlossene Kuppelöse oder über das gegengleiche Herzstück und seine eigene Kuppelöse, die entsprechend vom gegengleichen Herzstück verschoben wird.The solution according to the invention ensures that, at least as soon as the plunger has been moved from the second position to the first position, the latch rod engages in a counter bearing, even if the heart piece connected to the latch rod has not previously been rotated to the maximum in the direction of the uncoupled position. This is particularly important for the passively operated dome lock shown at the beginning, in which the centerpiece is not rotated directly by an automated uncoupling connected to it or by a manual decoupling, but indirectly via the opposite centerpiece and the coupling dome connected to it or via the opposite centerpiece and its own dome eyelet, which is shifted accordingly from the opposite centerpiece.

Wenn vorliegend von Rastposition die Rede ist, so ist damit eine Verschiebeposition der Klinkenstange definiert, in welcher die Klinkenstange weit genug in Richtung des Stempels verschoben wurde, um freigegeben durch den Stempel in dessen zweiten Position an einem Gegenlager, beispielsweise an einer Führung des Stempels, einzurasten. Das bedeutet, die Klinkenstange kann die Rastposition, die dementsprechend auch rastbereite Position genannt werden kann, einnehmen, bevor der Stempel das tatsächliche Einrasten mit dem Gegenlager freigibt.If there is talk of the latching position, then a displacement position of the latch rod is defined in which the latch rod has been displaced far enough in the direction of the stamp to be released by the stamp in its second position on a counter bearing, for example on a guide of the stamp, to engage. This means that the ratchet rod can assume the locking position, which can accordingly also be called the ready-to-lock position, before the punch releases the actual engagement with the counter bearing.

Besonders vorteilhaft weist der Stempel eine Öffnung auf, welche die Klinkenstange zumindest teilweise oder vollständig umschließt und die Klinkenstange bildet mit dem Gegenlager, insbesondere an einer Führung des Stempels, eine Rastverbindung mit zwei in Eingriff miteinander bringbaren Rastvorsprüngen, die auch Rastnasen genannt werden können, wobei die Klinkenstange durch eine Verschiebung des Stempels aus der ersten in die zweite Position betätigbar ist, um den wechselseitigen Eingriff der Rastvorsprünge zu beenden.The punch particularly advantageously has an opening which at least partially or completely surrounds the latch rod and which The ratchet rod forms a latching connection with the counter bearing, in particular on a guide of the ram, with two latching projections that can be brought into engagement with one another, which can also be called latching noses, the ratchet bar being operable by moving the ram from the first to the second position by the to end mutual engagement of the locking projections.

Insbesondere weist die Klinkenstange einen Rastvorsprung auf, der positioniert ist, um über den Rastvorsprung des Gegenlagers hinweg verschoben zu werden, wenn das Herzstück, an welchem die Klinkenstange angeschlossen ist, aus der gekuppelten Stellung in die entkuppelte Stellung verdreht wird, wobei in der entkuppelten Stellung, das heißt bei einer maximalen Verdrehung des Herzstückes aus der gekuppelten Stellung in Richtung der entkuppelten Stellung, ein Abstand zwischen den Rastvorsprüngen in der Verschieberichtung der Klinkenstange eingestellt wird. Daraus wird besonders deutlich ersichtlich, dass die Rastposition der Klinkenstange vorteilhaft derart positioniert ist, dass die Klinkenstange bereits in die Rastposition oder rastbereite Position verschoben wird, bevor das Herzstück seine entkuppelte Stellung beziehungsweise überhaupt eine entkuppelbare Stellung erreicht, sodass die Klinkenstange in der entkuppelten Stellung des Herzstückes sozusagen über die Rastposition hinaus verschoben worden ist.In particular, the pawl rod has a latching projection which is positioned to be displaced over the latching projection of the counterbearing when the centerpiece to which the ratchet rod is connected is rotated from the coupled position to the uncoupled position, in the uncoupled position , that is, with a maximum rotation of the frog from the coupled position in the direction of the uncoupled position, a distance between the locking projections in the direction of displacement of the latch rod is set. It can be seen particularly clearly from this that the latching position of the latch rod is advantageously positioned in such a way that the latch bar is already shifted into the latching position or position ready for latching before the centerpiece reaches its uncoupled position or a detachable position at all, so that the latch rod in the uncoupled position of the The centerpiece has been moved beyond the rest position, so to speak.

Gemäß einer Ausführungsform der Erfindung ist ein elastisches Federelement vorgesehen, gegen dessen Federkraft die Klinkenstange in die Rastposition verbringbar ist. Insbesondere ist das Federelement positioniert, die Rastvorsprünge quer zur Verschieberichtung der Klinkenstange zum wechselseitigen Eingriff ineinander zu drücken.According to one embodiment of the invention, an elastic spring element is provided, against the spring force of which the latch rod can be brought into the latching position. In particular, the spring element is positioned to press the locking projections into one another transversely to the direction of displacement of the latch rod for mutual engagement.

Bevorzugt ist der Stempel im Bereich der Öffnung derart mit der Klinkenstange in Eingriff bringbar, dass er bei seiner Bewegung aus der ersten in die zweite Position die Klinkenstange entgegen der Federkraft des Federelementes verschiebt.The punch can preferably be brought into engagement with the latch rod in the region of the opening in such a way that it moves from the first into the second Position the ratchet rod moves against the spring force of the spring element.

Bevorzugt weist der Kupplungskopf eine Handentkupplung auf. Dabei kann gemäß einer Ausführungsform die Handentkupplung von nur einer Seite quer zur Kuppelrichtung zu ihrer Betätigung zugängig sein. Eine konstruktiv aufwändige, beidseitig angeordnete Handentkupplung kann entfallen und die Bedienzeiten können verkürzt werden, weil erfindungsgemäß sichergestellt ist, dass stets auch der passiv betätigte Kuppelverschluss sicher in die gewünschte kuppelbereite Stellung verbracht wird.The coupling head preferably has a manual decoupling. According to one embodiment, the manual decoupling can be accessible for actuation from only one side transversely to the coupling direction. A structurally complex, manual decoupling arranged on both sides can be omitted and the operating times can be shortened, because it is ensured according to the invention that the passively actuated dome lock is always safely brought into the desired dome-ready position.

Wenn bisher bei der Verwendung von pneumatischen Entkuppelzylindern Impulsleitungen zum Übertragen eines Entkuppelimpulses vorgesehen waren, durch welchen das eingangs genannte Spiel in der Zugkupplung beziehungsweise im Kupplungsgelenk aufgehoben wurde, so können bei der erfindungsgemäßen Lösung diese Impulsleitungen zum Übertragen des Entkuppelimpulses und zum Speisen des Entkuppelzylinders der Gegenkupplung entfallen.If previously, when using pneumatic uncoupling cylinders, pulse lines were provided for transmitting a decoupling pulse, by means of which the aforementioned play in the pull coupling or in the coupling joint was canceled, then in the solution according to the invention these pulse lines can be used to transmit the decoupling pulse and to feed the decoupling cylinder of the counter coupling omitted.

Auch die Bedienvorschriften beim Entkuppeln können vereinfacht werden. Ein Anbremsen und Aufdrücken der Fahrzeuge langer Züge vor dem Trennen der Fahrzeuge kann entfallen.The operating instructions for uncoupling can also be simplified. Braking and pressing on the vehicles of long trains before separating the vehicles can be omitted.

Durch die erfindungsgemäße Lösung wird insbesondere eine verbesserte geometrische Anordnung der Rastnase an der Klinkenstange sichergestellt, welche gewährleistet, dass der passiv betätigte Kuppelverschluss bei einer überlagerten Bewegung aus Öffnen der Kuppelverschlüsse und Auseinanderbewegen der Kupplungsköpfe beide Kupplungsköpfe in der kuppelbereiten Stellung arretieren. Damit werden auch, wenn vorgesehen, Luftkupplungsventile sicher geschlossen, die über die Verschlussbewegung um die Hauptachse gesteuert werden. Damit wird verhindert, dass die Hauptluftleitung entlüftet und das entsprechende Schienenfahrzeug maximal angebremst im Rangierbereich steht. Das Lösen der Bremsen hat bisher, besonders bei längeren Wageneinheiten, durch notwendiges Befüllen der Luftspeicher zu einer ungünstigen Verzögerung geführt.The solution according to the invention in particular ensures an improved geometrical arrangement of the latching lug on the latch rod, which ensures that the passively actuated dome lock arrests both coupling heads in the ready-for-coupling position when the dome locks are opened and the coupling heads are moved apart. This also securely closes air clutch valves, if provided, which are controlled by the closing movement about the main axis. This prevents the main air line from being vented and the corresponding rail vehicle braked to the maximum Shunting area stands. The release of the brakes has previously led to an unfavorable delay, especially in the case of longer car units, by filling the air accumulator.

Die Handentkupplung umfasst beispielsweise einen Seilzug oder ein anderes Getriebe mit wenigstens einer Kette, einem Gestänge oder einem Hebelsystem. Insbesondere wird die Entkuppelbewegung über einen Seilzug auf einen Entkuppelhebel übertragen, der die Verdrehung des entsprechenden Herzstückes bewirkt.The manual uncoupling comprises, for example, a cable pull or another gear with at least one chain, linkage or lever system. In particular, the uncoupling movement is transmitted via a cable to a decoupling lever, which causes the corresponding centerpiece to rotate.

Das Herzstück ist insbesondere auf einem Hauptbolzen gelagert und vorteilhaft drehfest am Hauptbolzen angeschlossen, sodass durch eine Verdrehung des Hauptbolzens auch das Herzstück verdreht wird. Der Hauptbolzen erstreckt sich entsprechend entlang der Hauptachse und ist verdrehbar um die Hauptachse.The centerpiece is in particular mounted on a main pin and is advantageously connected to the main pin in a rotationally fixed manner, so that the centerpiece is also rotated by twisting the main pin. The main bolt extends along the main axis and is rotatable about the main axis.

Dementsprechend kann auch die Handentkupplung am Hauptbolzen zu dessen Verdrehung angreifen.Accordingly, the manual decoupling can also engage the main bolt to twist it.

Handentkupplungen werden insbesondere dann verwendet, wenn keine Energie für ein automatisiertes Entkuppeln zur Verfügung steht, beispielsweise bei Zugkupplungen an Güterwagen.Manual decouplings are used in particular when there is no energy available for automated uncoupling, for example in train couplings on freight wagons.

Das Entkuppeln und damit das Öffnen des Kuppelverschlusses können dann unmittelbar am Kupplungskopf am Ende des Wagens erfolgen.The uncoupling and thus the opening of the dome lock can then be carried out directly on the coupling head at the end of the car.

Wenn, wie dargestellt, die Drehbewegung des Kuppelverschlusses mit der Handentkupplung auf den gegengleichen Kupplungskopf übertragen wird, ist eine Betätigung einer zusätzlichen Handentkupplung des gegengleichen Kupplungskopfes nicht mehr notwendig.If, as shown, the rotary movement of the dome lock with the manual decoupling is transmitted to the coupling head of the opposite type, actuation of an additional manual decoupling of the coupling head of the opposite type is no longer necessary.

Ein erfindungsgemäßes Schienenfahrzeug weist eine automatische Zugkupplung der dargestellten Art auf.A rail vehicle according to the invention has an automatic train coupling of the type shown.

Insbesondere umfasst ein Schienenfahrzeug mehrere Wagen - Triebwagen und/oder Personenwagen/Güterwagen -, die mittels jeweils einer erfindungsgemäßen automatischen Zugkupplung gekoppelt sind, wobei jede automatische Zugkupplung zwei entsprechende Kupplungsköpfe aufweist, von denen das Herzstück des einen (passiv betätigten) Kuppelverschlusses mittelbar über die Verdrehung des Herzstückes des anderen (aktiv betätigten) Kuppelverschlusses bewirkt wird, indem diese Verdrehung über die Kuppelöse übertragen wird.In particular, a rail vehicle comprises a plurality of carriages - railcars and / or passenger cars / freight wagons - which are each coupled by means of an automatic train coupling according to the invention, each automatic train coupling having two corresponding coupling heads, of which the heart of the one (passively actuated) coupling coupling is connected indirectly via the rotation the heart of the other (actively operated) dome lock is effected by this twist is transmitted via the dome eyelet.

Die Erfindung soll nachfolgend anhand eines Ausführungsbeispiels und den Figuren exemplarisch beschrieben werden.The invention will be described below by way of example using an exemplary embodiment and the figures.

Es zeigen:

Figur 1
eine Schnittdarstellung einer erfindungsgemäßen automatischen Zugkupplung;
Figur 2
eine schematische Darstellung einer erfindungsgemäßen Zugkupplung mit zwei miteinander gekuppelten Kupplungsköpfen;
Figur 3
eine Ansicht schräg von hinten und eine Ansicht schräg von vorne eines Kupplungskopfes einer erfindungsgemäßen Zugkupplung;
Figur 4
eine schematische Darstellung von zwei Kupplungsköpfen einer automatischen Zugkupplung in der gekuppelten Stellung;
Figur 5
die Kupplungsköpfe aus der Figur 4 in der entkuppelten Stellung;
Figur 6
eine schematische Ansicht von zwei Kupplungsköpfen bei der Übertragung der Drehbewegung vom Herzstück des aktiv betätigten Kuppelverschlusses auf das Herzstück des passiv betätigten Kuppelverschlusses;
Figur 7
die Position der Klinkenstange des passiv betätigten Kuppelverschlusses beim Entkuppeln gemäß dem Stand der Technik;
Figur 8
die entsprechende Position der Klinkenstange bei einem Kupplungskopf einer erfindungsgemäßen Zugkupplung.
Show it:
Figure 1
a sectional view of an automatic train coupling according to the invention;
Figure 2
is a schematic representation of a train coupling according to the invention with two coupling heads coupled together;
Figure 3
a view obliquely from behind and a view obliquely from the front of a coupling head of a train coupling according to the invention;
Figure 4
is a schematic representation of two coupling heads of an automatic train coupling in the coupled position;
Figure 5
the coupling heads from the Figure 4 in the uncoupled position;
Figure 6
a schematic view of two coupling heads during the transmission of the rotary movement from the heart of the actively operated dome lock to the heart of the passively operated dome lock;
Figure 7
the position of the latch rod of the passively operated dome lock when uncoupling according to the prior art;
Figure 8
the corresponding position of the pawl rod in a coupling head of a pull coupling according to the invention.

In der Figur 1 ist schematisch ein Ausführungsbeispiel einer erfindungsgemäßen automatischen Zugkupplung in einer kuppelbereiten Stellung des Kuppelverschlusses 3 beziehungsweise von dessen Herzstück 6 gezeigt. Im Einzelnen weist die automatische Zugkupplung einen Kupplungskopf 1 auf, der ein Kupplungskopfgehäuse 2 sowie den Kuppelverschluss 3 umfasst. Der Kuppelverschluss 3 ist als Drehverschluss ausgeführt, mit dem Herzstück 6, an welchem eine Kuppelöse 5 verdrehbar um eine Kuppelösenachse 8 angeschlossen ist. Das Herzstück 6 wiederum ist drehbar um die Hauptachse 7. Hierzu ist das Herzstück 6 auf einem Hauptbolzen 19 gelagert und drehfest an diesem angeschlossen.In the Figure 1 an embodiment of an automatic pull coupling according to the invention is shown schematically in a ready-to-couple position of the dome lock 3 or of its heart 6. In detail, the automatic train coupling has a coupling head 1, which comprises a coupling head housing 2 and the dome lock 3. The dome lock 3 is designed as a twist lock, with the heart 6, to which a dome eyelet 5 is rotatably connected about a dome eyelet axis 8. The frog 6 in turn can be rotated about the main axis 7. For this purpose, the frog 6 is mounted on a main bolt 19 and connected to this in a rotationally fixed manner.

Am Hauptbolzen 19 kann, wie in den Figuren 1 bis 3 dargestellt ist, zum einen eine Handentkupplung 4 angreifen, um den Kuppelverschluss 3 manuell zu entkuppeln. Zum anderen kann über den Hauptbolzen 19 ein Aktuator 20 eines hier nicht näher dargestelltes Ventils einer Druckluftleitung, insbesondere Bremsluftleitung HL, angesteuert werden, sodass beim Verdrehen des Kuppelverschlusses 3 in die gekuppelte Stellung das Ventil geöffnet wird und beim Verdrehen des Kuppelverschlusses 3 in die entkuppelte Stellung oder kuppelbereite Stellung das Ventil geschlossen wird.On the main pin 19 can, as in the Figures 1 to 3 is shown, on the one hand engage a manual decoupling 4 in order to decouple the coupling 3 manually. On the other hand, an actuator 20 of a valve of a compressed air line, in particular brake air line HL, not shown here, can be controlled via the main pin 19, so that when the dome closure 3 is turned into the coupled position, the valve is opened and when Turning the dome lock 3 to the uncoupled position or the position ready for coupling, the valve is closed.

Die Kuppelöse 5 weist ein erstes Ende 5.1 auf, an welchem sie drehbar an dem Herzstück 6 angeschlossen ist, sowie ein entgegengesetztes zweites Ende 5.2, das in ein Maul 9 des Herzstücks 6 eines gegengleichen Kupplungskopfes 1 eingespannt werden kann, um die beiden Kupplungsköpfe 1 mechanisch aneinander zu verriegeln, wie zum Beispiel in den Figuren 2 und 4 dargestellt ist. Entsprechend weist die Kuppelöse 5 an ihrem zweiten Ende 5.2 einen hier nicht näher dargestellten Querriegel auf.The coupling eye 5 has a first end 5.1, at which it is rotatably connected to the frog 6, and an opposite second end 5.2, which can be clamped into a mouth 9 of the frog 6 of a coupling head 1 of the same type, around the two coupling heads 1 mechanically to lock together, such as in the Figures 2 and 4th is shown. Correspondingly, the dome eyelet 5 has at its second end 5.2 a crossbar not shown here.

Das Herzstück 6 jedes Kupplungskopfes 1 ist entgegen der Kraft eines Federspeichers 10, der beispielsweise durch eine oder mehrere Zugfedern gebildet wird, siehe die Figuren 2 und 6, aus der entkuppelten Stellung (Figur 5) in die gekuppelte Stellung (Figur 4) beziehungsweise die kuppelbereite Stellung (Figur 1) verdrehbar.The centerpiece 6 of each coupling head 1 is against the force of a spring accumulator 10, which is formed, for example, by one or more tension springs, see FIG Figures 2 and 6 , from the uncoupled position ( Figure 5 ) in the coupled position ( Figure 4 ) or the dome-ready position ( Figure 1 ) rotatable.

Jeder Kupplungskopf 1 weist einen in Kuppelrichtung der Zugkupplung, das heißt der Richtung der Längsachsen der Kupplungsköpfe 1 verschiebbaren Stempel 11 auf, der linear in einer Führung 15 zwischen einer ersten Position und einer zweiten Position verschoben werden kann. Der Stempel 11 arbeitet mit einer Klinkenstange 12 zusammen, die mit einem axialen Ende gelenkig am Herzstück 6 angeschlossen ist und wie aus der Figur 8 ersichtlich ist, eine Öffnung 13 des Stempels 11 durchgreift. Ferner weist die Klinkenstange 12 im Bereich der Öffnung 13 einen Rastvorsprung 16 auf, der mit einem Rastvorsprung 17 in Eingriff gebracht werden kann, um die Klinkenstange 12 an einer Bewegung in Richtung von ihrem zweiten Ende zu ihrem am Herzstück 6 angeschlossenen ersten Ende zu hindern, und damit eine entsprechende Verdrehung des Herzstückes 6. Der Rastvorsprung 17 ist im gezeigten Ausführungsbeispiel an der Führung 15 vorgesehen, die ein Gegenlager 14 zur Herstellung einer Rastverbindung mit der Klinkenstange 12 ausbildet.Each coupling head 1 has a plunger 11 which can be displaced in the coupling direction of the pull coupling, that is to say the direction of the longitudinal axes of the coupling heads 1 and which can be displaced linearly in a guide 15 between a first position and a second position. The stamp 11 works with a ratchet rod 12 which is pivotally connected to the centerpiece 6 with one axial end and as from the Figure 8 can be seen, passes through an opening 13 of the stamp 11. Furthermore, the pawl rod 12 has a latching projection 16 in the region of the opening 13, which can be brought into engagement with a latching projection 17 in order to prevent the pawl rod 12 from moving in the direction from its second end to its first end connected to the frog 6. and thus a corresponding rotation of the frog 6. The locking projection 17 is provided in the exemplary embodiment shown on the guide 15, which forms a counter bearing 14 for producing a locking connection with the latch rod 12.

An der Klinkenstange 12 greift ein elastisches Federelement 18 im Sinne eines Verbringens der beiden Rastvorsprünge 16, 17 in einen Eingriff an, wohingegen der Stempel 11, wenn er aus einer ersten Position in eine zweite Position verschoben wird, entgegen der Kraft des Federelementes 18 die Klinkenstange 12 aus der Rastverbindung mit dem Gegenlager 14 löst.On the latch rod 12, an elastic spring element 18 engages in the sense of bringing the two latching projections 16, 17 into engagement, whereas the plunger 11, when it is moved from a first position into a second position, counteracts the force of the spring element 18 against the latch rod 12 releases from the locking connection with the counter bearing 14.

Somit kann in der zweiten Position des Stempels 11 das Herzstück 6 durch die Kraft des Federspeichers 10 verdreht werden, wohingegen diese Verdrehung in der Rastposition der Klinkenstange 12 blockiert wird.Thus, in the second position of the plunger 11, the centerpiece 6 can be rotated by the force of the spring accumulator 10, whereas this rotation is blocked in the latching position of the ratchet rod 12.

Jeder Kupplungskopf 1 weist an seiner freien Stirnseite ein Profil mit einem Kegel 21 und einem Trichter 22 auf. Der Kegel 21 und der Trichter 22 sind von einer ebenen Stirnfläche 23 umschlossen. Im gezeigten Ausführungsbeispiel wird das Profil beziehungsweise die Stirnfläche 23 durch eine Stirnplatte 24 gebildet, die integral mit dem Kupplungskopfgehäuse 2 ausgeführt sein kann oder separat an diesem angeschlossen sein kann.Each coupling head 1 has a profile with a cone 21 and a funnel 22 on its free end face. The cone 21 and the funnel 22 are enclosed by a flat end face 23. In the exemplary embodiment shown, the profile or the end face 23 is formed by an end plate 24 which can be embodied integrally with the coupling head housing 2 or can be connected separately to the latter.

In der Figur 1 ist die kuppelbereite Stellung des Kupplungskopfes 1 beziehungsweise des Kuppelverschlusses 3 gezeigt. Wenn in dieser Stellung zwei Kupplungsköpfe 1 aufeinander zu bewegt werden, so tauchen die Kegel 21 in die Trichter 22 ein und drücken frontseitig auf die Stempel 11, sodass die Stempel 11 aus ihrer ersten Position in ihre zweite Position bewegt werden und die Rastverbindungen der Klinkenstangen 12 mit den Gegenlagern 14 lösen. Die zweiten Enden 5.2 der Kuppelösen 5 werden in die Mäuler 9 der Herzstücke 6 geschoben und die Herzstücke 6, die nicht länger durch die Klinkenstangen 12 blockiert werden, drehen sich aufgrund der Kraft der Federspeicher 10 aus der in der Figur 1 gezeigten kuppelbereiten Stellung in die in der Figur 4 gezeigten gekuppelte Stellung, in welcher die Herzstücke 6 insbesondere an den Kupplungskopfgehäusen 2 anschlagen. Dabei rasten die in den Trichtern 22 geführten Kuppelösen 8 in die Herzstückmäuler 9 ein und die beiden Kuppelverschlüsse 3 sind ineinander verhakt.In the Figure 1 the coupling-ready position of the coupling head 1 or the coupling closure 3 is shown. If two coupling heads 1 are moved toward one another in this position, the cones 21 dip into the funnels 22 and press on the front of the punches 11, so that the punches 11 are moved from their first position into their second position and the latching connections of the pawl rods 12 loosen with the counter bearings 14. The second ends 5.2 of the dome eyelets 5 are pushed into the mouths 9 of the frogs 6 and the frogs 6, which are no longer blocked by the pawl rods 12, rotate out of the position in FIG Figure 1 shown ready for coupling in the in Figure 4 Coupled position shown, in which the frogs 6 strike in particular on the coupling head housings 2. The rest in the funnels 22 guided dome eyelets 8 into the frog mouth 9 and the two dome fasteners 3 are hooked into one another.

Die Kuppelverschlüsse 3 werden ausschließlich durch Zugkräfte belastet, wohingegen die Druckkräfte über die Stirnflächen 23 übertragen werden.The dome fasteners 3 are loaded exclusively by tensile forces, whereas the compressive forces are transmitted via the end faces 23.

Um die Kupplungsköpfe 1 zu entkuppeln, dreht eine automatisierte Entkuppeleinrichtung oder die Handentkupplung 4 das Herzstück 6 des aktiv betätigten Kuppelverschlusses 3 gegen die Kraft des Federspeichers 10. Hierbei überträgt die Kuppelöse 5 des aktiv betätigten Kuppelverschlusses 3 die Drehbewegung des Herzstückes 6 über das Maul 9 auf das Herzstück 6 des passiv betätigten Kuppelverschlusses 3, sodass auch dieses entgegen der Kraft des Federspeichers 10 verdreht wird. Alternativ oder zusätzlich kann das Herzstück 6 des aktiv betätigten Kuppelverschlusses 3 die Drehbewegung auf die Kuppelöse 5 des passiv betätigten Kuppelverschlusses 3 übertragen, sodass in der Folge auch das Herzstück 6 des passiv betätigten Kuppelverschlusses 3 verdreht wird.In order to decouple the coupling heads 1, an automated decoupling device or the manual decoupling 4 rotates the centerpiece 6 of the actively operated coupling closure 3 against the force of the spring accumulator 10. Here, the coupling eye 5 of the actively operated coupling coupling 3 transmits the rotary movement of the centerpiece 6 via the jaw 9 the centerpiece 6 of the passively actuated dome lock 3, so that this is also rotated against the force of the spring accumulator 10. Alternatively or additionally, the heart 6 of the actively operated dome lock 3 can transmit the rotary movement to the dome eyelet 5 of the passively operated dome lock 3, so that the heart 6 of the passively operated dome lock 3 is also rotated as a result.

Wenn die Verdrehung der Herzstücke 6 in Richtung der in der Figur 5 gezeigten entkuppelten Stellungen weit genug fortgeschritten ist, gleiten die Kuppelösen 5 auf den Mäulern 9 der Herzstücke 6 und die Klinkenstangen 12 werden in ihre Rastposition verbracht, in welcher, wenn die Stempel 11 beim Auseinanderfahren der Kupplungsköpfe 1 in ihre erste Position verschoben werden, die Rastverbindung zwischen den Klinkenstangen 12 und den Gegenlagern 14 hergestellt werden kann, das heißt die beiden Rastvorsprünge 16, 17 formschlüssig ineinander einhaken.If the rotation of the frogs 6 in the direction of the Figure 5 shown uncoupled positions has advanced far enough, the dome eyelets 5 slide on the mouths 9 of the frogs 6 and the pawl rods 12 are brought into their latching position, in which, when the punches 11 are moved into their first position when the coupling heads 1 are moved apart, the latching connection can be produced between the pawl rods 12 and the counter bearings 14, that is to say hook the two latching projections 16, 17 into one another in a form-fitting manner.

Beim in der Figur 7 dargestellten Stand der Technik war die Rastposition noch derart gewählt, dass die Klinkenstange 12 des passiv betätigten Kuppelverschlusses 3 diese noch nicht erreicht hat, wenn das Herzstück 6 des passiv betätigten Kuppelverschlusses 3 nicht weit genug in die entkuppelte Position verdreht wurde, sodass ein Zurückdrehen des Herzstückes 6 in Richtung der gekuppelten Position bereits erfolgte, wenn die Rastverbindung zwischen der Klinkenstange 12 und dem Gegenlager 14 beziehungsweise zwischen den beiden Rastvorsprüngen 16, 17 noch nicht hergestellt war. Bei der erfindungsgemäßen Lösung hingegen, wie sie zum Beispiel in der Figur 8 dargestellt ist, wird die Rastposition der Klinkenstange 12 bereits dann erreicht, wenn das Herzstück 6 noch nicht um den maximal möglichen Winkel in Richtung der entkuppelten Position verdreht worden ist. Damit erfolgt ein sicheres Einrasten der Klinkenstange 12 im Gegenlager 14 auch dann, wenn keine maximale Drehbewegung des Herzstücks 6 aus der gekuppelten in die entkuppelte Position durchgeführt wird. Beispielweise ist der Rastvorsprung 16 an der Klinkenstange 12 vergleichsweise ferner vom gelenkigen Anschluss der Klinkenstange 12 am Herzstück 6 positioniert und/oder der Rastvorsprung 17 an der Führung 15 ist vergleichsweise näher zum gelenkigen Anschluss der Klinkenstange 12 am Herzstück 6 positioniert, im Vergleich zu der Ausgestaltung gemäß der Figur 7.When in the Figure 7 State of the art illustrated, the latching position was still selected such that the latch rod 12 of the passively operated dome lock 3 has not yet reached it when the centerpiece 6 of the passively operated dome lock 3 does not disengage far enough into it Position was rotated so that the frog 6 was already turned back in the direction of the coupled position when the locking connection between the latch rod 12 and the counter bearing 14 or between the two locking projections 16, 17 had not yet been established. In the case of the solution according to the invention, however, as used, for example, in Figure 8 is shown, the latching position of the pawl rod 12 is already reached when the frog 6 has not yet been rotated by the maximum possible angle in the direction of the uncoupled position. This ensures that the pawl rod 12 engages securely in the counter bearing 14 even if no maximum rotational movement of the frog 6 is carried out from the coupled into the uncoupled position. For example, the locking projection 16 on the pawl rod 12 is positioned comparatively further from the articulated connection of the pawl rod 12 on the frog 6 and / or the locking projection 17 on the guide 15 is positioned comparatively closer to the articulated connection of the pawl rod 12 on the frog 6, in comparison to the configuration according to the Figure 7 .

Dadurch, dass die Rastposition der Klinkenstange 12 sicher erreicht wird, wird auch die in der Figur 1 dargestellte kuppelbereite Stellung stets sicher gehalten.Characterized in that the latching position of the pawl rod 12 is safely reached, that in the Figure 1 The position shown ready for coupling is always held securely.

In der Figur 6 ist nochmals dargestellt, wie das Herzstück 6 des aktiv betätigten Kuppelverschlusses 3 seine Drehbewegung über die Kuppelöse 5 des passiv betätigten Kuppelverschlusses 3 auf das Herzstück 6 des passiv betätigten Kuppelverschlusses 3 überträgt. Es ist auch dargestellt, dass damit die Drehung der beiden Herzstücke 6 nicht vollständig synchron erfolgen muss, sondern das Herzstück 6 des passiv betätigten Kuppelverschlusses 3 ein wenig hinter der Drehbewegung des Herzstückes 6 des aktiv betätigten Kuppelverschlusses 3 zurückbleibt. Entsprechend ist auch die Klinkenstange 12 des aktiv betätigten Kuppelverschlusses 3 (rechts in der Figur 6 dargestellt) weiter mit seinem Rastvorsprung 16 über den Rastvorsprung 17 hinweg verschoben als die Klinkenstange 12 des passiv betätigten Kuppelverschlusses 3 (links in der Figur 6 dargestellt).In the Figure 6 is shown again how the heart 6 of the actively operated dome lock 3 transmits its rotational movement via the dome eyelet 5 of the passively operated dome lock 3 to the heart 6 of the passively operated dome lock 3. It is also shown that the rotation of the two heart pieces 6 does not have to be completely synchronous, but rather the heart piece 6 of the passively operated dome lock 3 lags behind the rotational movement of the heart piece 6 of the actively operated dome lock 3. The latch rod 12 of the actively operated dome lock 3 (on the right in FIG Figure 6 shown) moved further with its locking projection 16 over the locking projection 17 than the latch rod 12 of the passively operated dome lock 3 (left in the Figure 6 shown).

Durch die erfindungsgemäße Lösung reicht diese vergleichsweise verringerte Drehbewegung des Herzstückes 6 des passiv betätigten Kuppelverschlusses 3 jedoch aus, um die Klinkenstange 12 des passiv betätigten Kuppelverschlusses 3 in seine Rastposition zu verbringen.Due to the solution according to the invention, however, this comparatively reduced rotational movement of the centerpiece 6 of the passively operated dome lock 3 is sufficient to bring the latch rod 12 of the passively operated dome lock 3 into its latching position.

BezugszeichenlisteReference list

11
KupplungskopfCoupling head
22nd
KupplungskopfgehäuseCoupling head housing
33rd
KuppelverschlussDome closure
44th
HandentkupplungManual decoupling
55
KuppelöseDome eyelet
5.15.1
erstes Endefirst end
5.25.2
zweites Endesecond end
66
HerzstückCenterpiece
77
HauptachseMain axis
88th
KuppelösenachseDome eye axis
99
MaulMouth
1010th
FederspeicherSpring accumulator
1111
Stempelstamp
1212th
KlinkenstangeJack rod
1313
Öffnungopening
1414
GegenlagerCounter bearing
1515
Führungguide
1616
RastvorsprungLocking projection
1717th
RastvorsprungLocking projection
1818th
elastisches Federelementelastic spring element
1919th
HauptbolzenMain bolt
2020
AktuatorActuator
2121
Kegelcone
2222
Trichterfunnel
2323
StirnflächeFace
2424th
StirnplatteFaceplate

Claims (10)

Automatische Zugkupplung, insbesondere für einen Güterwagen eines Schienenfahrzeugs, 1.1 mit einem Kupplungskopf (1), der ein Kupplungskopfgehäuse (2) und einen Kuppelverschluss (3) mit Arretierung umfasst, wobei 1.2 der Kuppelverschluss (3) als Drehverschluss mit einer Kuppelöse (5) und einem Herzstück (6) ausgeführt ist, wobei das Herzstück (6) um eine Hauptachse (7) verdrehbar ist zwischen einer kuppelbereiten Stellung, einer gekuppelten Stellung und einer entkuppelten Stellung, die Kuppelöse (5) mit einem ersten Ende (5.1) verdrehbar um eine Kuppelösenachse (8) am Herzstück (6) angeschlossen ist und ein zweites freies Ende (5.2) aufweist; und 1.3 das Herzstück (6) ein Maul (9) aufweist, das zur Aufnahme eines zweiten Endes (5.2) einer Kuppelöse (5) eines gegengleichen Kupplungskopfes (1) angeordnet ist, und das Herzstück (6) entgegen der Kraft eines Federspeichers (10) aus der gekuppelten Stellung in die entkuppelte Stellung und durch die Kraft des Federspeichers (10) aus der entkuppelten Stellung in die gekuppelte Stellung verdrehbar ist; wobei 1.4 die Arretierung einen entgegen einer Federkraft in Kuppelrichtung der Zugkupplung verschiebbaren Stempel (11) und eine quer oder schräg zur Kuppelrichtung verschiebbare Klinkenstange (12) umfasst und 1.5 die Klinkenstange (12) gelenkig am Herzstück (6) angeschlossen und vom Herzstück (6) bei dessen Verdrehung aus der gekuppelten Stellung in die entkuppelte Stellung in eine Rastposition verschiebbar ist, in welcher die Klinkenstange (12) eine Verdrehung des Herzstückes (6) aus der entkuppelten Stellung in die gekuppelte Stellung blockiert; wobei 1.6 der Stempel (11) in einer ersten entgegen der Federkraft verschobenen Position die Klinkenstange (12) in der Rastposition blockiert und in einer zweiten durch die Federkraft verschobenen Position die Klinkenstange (12) aus der Rastposition löst;
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass 1.7 die Rastposition der Klinkenstange (12) derart positioniert ist, dass die Klinkenstange (12) in die Rastposition verschoben wird, bevor das Herzstück (6) seine entkuppelte Stellung erreicht. Automatic train coupling, especially for a freight wagon of a rail vehicle, 1.1 with a coupling head (1), which comprises a coupling head housing (2) and a dome lock (3) with locking, wherein 1.2 the dome lock (3) is designed as a twist lock with a dome eyelet (5) and a frog (6), the frog (6) being rotatable about a main axis (7) between a ready-to-engage position, a coupled position and a decoupled position, the coupling eyelet (5) is connected with a first end (5.1) rotatably about a coupling eyelet axis (8) on the centerpiece (6) and has a second free end (5.2); and 1.3 the centerpiece (6) has a mouth (9) which is arranged to receive a second end (5.2) of a coupling eye (5) of a coupling head (1) of the same type, and the centerpiece (6) against the force of a spring-loaded mechanism (10) can be rotated from the uncoupled position to the uncoupled position and by the force of the spring accumulator (10) from the uncoupled position to the coupled position; in which 1.4 the locking device comprises a plunger (11) which is displaceable against a spring force in the coupling direction of the pull coupling and a ratchet rod (12) which can be displaced transversely or obliquely to the coupling direction and 1.5 the pawl rod (12) is articulated to the frog (6) and can be displaced from the frog (6) when it is rotated from the coupled position into the uncoupled position into a detent position in which the pawl rod (12) rotates the frog (6) blocked from the uncoupled position to the coupled position; in which 1.6 the punch (11) in a first position displaced against the spring force blocks the latch rod (12) in the latching position and in one second position displaced by the spring force releases the latch rod (12) from the locking position;
characterized in that 1.7 the latching position of the ratchet rod (12) is positioned such that the ratchet rod (12) is moved into the latching position before the heart (6) reaches its uncoupled position. Automatische Zugkupplung gemäß Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Stempel (11) eine Öffnung (13) aufweist, welche die Klinkenstange (12) zumindest teilweise oder vollständig umschließt, die Klinkenstange (12) mit einem Gegenlager (14), insbesondere an einer Führung (15) des Stempels (11), eine Rastverbindung mit zwei in Eingriff miteinander bringbaren Rastvorsprüngen (16, 17) ausbildet, wobei die Klinkenstange (12) durch eine Verschiebung des Stempels (11) aus der ersten in die zweite Position betätigbar ist, um den wechselseitigen Eingriff der Rastvorsprünge (16, 17) zu beenden.Automatic pull coupling according to claim 1, characterized in that the plunger (11) has an opening (13) which at least partially or completely surrounds the latch rod (12), the latch rod (12) with a counter bearing (14), in particular on a guide (15) of the plunger (11) forms a latching connection with two latching projections (16, 17) which can be brought into engagement with one another, the latch rod (12) being operable by displacing the plunger (11) from the first to the second position to end the mutual engagement of the locking projections (16, 17). Automatische Zugkupplung gemäß Anspruch 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Klinkenstange (12) einen Rastvorsprung (16) aufweist, der positioniert ist, um über den Rastvorsprung (17) des Gegenlagers hinweg verschoben zu werden, wenn das Herzstück (6) aus der gekuppelten Stellung in die entkuppelte Stellung verdreht wird, wobei in der entkuppelten Stellung ein Abstand zwischen den Rastvorsprüngen (16, 17) in der Verschieberichtung der Klinkenstange (12) eingestellt ist.Automatic drawbar coupling according to claim 2, characterized in that the pawl rod (12) has a locking projection (16) which is positioned to be moved over the locking projection (17) of the counter-bearing when the frog (6) from the coupled position is rotated into the uncoupled position, wherein in the uncoupled position a distance between the locking projections (16, 17) is set in the direction of displacement of the latch rod (12). Automatische Zugkupplung gemäß einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass ein elastisches Federelement (18) vorgesehen ist, gegen dessen Federkraft die Klinkenstange (12) in die Rastposition verbringbar ist.Automatic pull coupling according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that an elastic spring element (18) is provided, against the spring force of which the pawl rod (12) can be brought into the latching position. Automatische Zugkupplung gemäß einem der Ansprüche 2 bis 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Federelement (18) positioniert ist, die Rastvorsprünge (16, 17) quer zur Verschieberichtung der Klinkenstange (12) in einen wechselseitigen Eingriff miteinander zu drücken.Automatic pull coupling according to one of claims 2 to 4, characterized in that the spring element (18) is positioned to press the latching projections (16, 17) transversely to the direction of displacement of the latch rod (12) into mutual engagement with one another. Automatische Zugkupplung gemäß Anspruch 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Stempel (11) im Bereich der Öffnung (13) derart mit der Klinkenstange (12) in Eingriff bringbar ist, dass er bei seiner Bewegung aus der ersten in die zweite Position die Klinkenstange (12) entgegen der Federkraft des Federelementes (18) verschiebt.Automatic pull coupling according to claim 5, characterized in that the plunger (11) can be brought into engagement with the ratchet rod (12) in the region of the opening (13) in such a way that it moves the ratchet rod (12 ) moves against the spring force of the spring element (18). Automatische Zugkupplung gemäß einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Kupplungskopf (1) eine Handentkupplung (4) umfasst.Automatic train coupling according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the coupling head (1) comprises a manual decoupling (4). Automatische Zugkupplung gemäß Anspruch 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Handentkupplung (4) von nur einer Seite quer zur Kuppelrichtung zur Betätigung zugängig ist.Automatic train coupling according to claim 7, characterized in that the manual decoupling (4) is accessible for actuation from only one side transversely to the coupling direction. Schienenfahrzeug mit einer automatischen Zugkupplung gemäß einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 8.Rail vehicle with an automatic train coupling according to one of claims 1 to 8. Schienenfahrzeug gemäß Anspruch 9 mit zwei entsprechenden Kupplungsköpfen (1), wobei das Herzstück (6) des einen Kupplungskopfes (1) aktiv in seine entkuppelte Stellung verdrehbar ist und das Herzstück (6) des anderen Kupplungskopfes (1) passiv in seine entkuppelte Stellung verdrehbar ist, indem die an ihm oder am anderen Herzstück (6) angeschlossene Kuppelöse (5) die Drehbewegung des Herzstückes (6) des aktiv betätigten Kuppelverschlusses (3) auf das Herzstück (6) des passiv betätigten Kuppelverschlusses (3) überträgt.Rail vehicle according to claim 9 with two corresponding coupling heads (1), the core (6) of one coupling head (1) being actively rotatable into its uncoupled position and the core (6) of the other coupling head (1) being passively rotatable into its uncoupled position , by the dome eyelet (5) connected to it or to the other frog (6) transmits the rotational movement of the frog (6) of the actively operated dome lock (3) to the frog (6) of the passively operated dome lock (3).
EP20151910.5A 2019-01-31 2020-01-15 Automatic traction coupling Active EP3689705B1 (en)

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WO2022129021A1 (en) * 2020-12-15 2022-06-23 Voith Patent Gmbh Automatic railway coupling and method for uncoupling an automatic railway coupling
WO2022129159A3 (en) * 2020-12-15 2022-08-18 Voith Patent Gmbh Automatic train coupling
WO2023160923A1 (en) * 2022-02-28 2023-08-31 Voith Patent Gmbh Automatic train coupling, track-guided vehicle comprising such an automatic train coupling, and method for decoupling two automatic train couplings which are coupled together

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CH719152A2 (en) * 2021-11-18 2023-05-31 Faiveley Transp Schwab Ag Device for locking and unlocking a coupling of a rail vehicle.
DE102022123887A1 (en) 2022-09-19 2024-03-21 Voith Patent Gmbh Automatic train coupling

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DE660833C (en) * 1933-12-18 1938-06-03 Scharfenbergkupplung Akt Ges Automatic clutch for vehicles
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GB419590A (en) 1934-04-23 1934-11-14 Scharfenbergkupplung Ag Improvements in or relating to automatic vehicle couplings
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WO2022129021A1 (en) * 2020-12-15 2022-06-23 Voith Patent Gmbh Automatic railway coupling and method for uncoupling an automatic railway coupling
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WO2023160923A1 (en) * 2022-02-28 2023-08-31 Voith Patent Gmbh Automatic train coupling, track-guided vehicle comprising such an automatic train coupling, and method for decoupling two automatic train couplings which are coupled together

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CN111497888A (en) 2020-08-07
EP3689705B1 (en) 2021-05-26
PL3689705T3 (en) 2021-12-06
DE102019102455A1 (en) 2020-08-06
CN212047360U (en) 2020-12-01

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