EP3636839A1 - Device for levelling a column - Google Patents
Device for levelling a column Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP3636839A1 EP3636839A1 EP19197209.0A EP19197209A EP3636839A1 EP 3636839 A1 EP3636839 A1 EP 3636839A1 EP 19197209 A EP19197209 A EP 19197209A EP 3636839 A1 EP3636839 A1 EP 3636839A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- embrittlement
- column
- arm
- leveling device
- leveling
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 230000003313 weakening effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 claims description 54
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000007711 solidification Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000008023 solidification Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 description 19
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 description 13
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000004570 mortar (masonry) Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000035515 penetration Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000004459 forage Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004922 lacquer Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000003973 paint Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000012550 audit Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009412 basement excavation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001186 cumulative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011440 grout Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000000284 resting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
- E02D9/00—Removing sheet piles bulkheads, piles, mould-pipes or other moulds or parts thereof
- E02D9/005—Removing sheet piles bulkheads, piles, mould-pipes or other moulds or parts thereof removing the top of placed piles of sheet piles
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
- E02D5/00—Bulkheads, piles, or other structural elements specially adapted to foundation engineering
- E02D5/22—Piles
- E02D5/34—Concrete or concrete-like piles cast in position ; Apparatus for making same
Definitions
- the present invention relates to the field of soil improvement using rigid or semi-rigid columns.
- the invention relates more specifically to a device for leveling a column made in a soil.
- a drilling is traditionally carried out which is filled with a self-hardening fluid.
- the fluid level in the borehole can be adjusted so as to obtain a column having substantially the desired dimensions.
- the fluid level cannot usually be adjusted precisely.
- leveling it is also known to introduce the self-hardening fluid substantially to the edge of the borehole and then to level the column formed by the solidified self-hardening fluid.
- the leveling of the column consists in making a break so as to separate the head, located in the upper part of the column, then to remove said head from the borehole, in order to obtain a column having the desired dimensions.
- the height at which the break in the column is made will be called "level of leveling".
- This device comprises a positioning system cooperating with a membrane forming a movable fan between a folded position and a deployed position.
- this precut device is first introduced into the self-hardening fluid still fresh, so that the membrane in the folded position extends substantially to a predetermined level of precut.
- the membrane is then brought into the deployed position and the positioning system is pulled out of the borehole while the membrane remains embedded in the self-hardening fluid.
- the column head is separated by exerting a mechanical action on said head in order to effect a break, so that it can then be extracted.
- the precut device of this document does not allow the membrane to be moved towards the upper part of the borehole when the latter is embedded in the self-hardening fluid to a depth that is too great compared to the desired level of leveling. This precut device therefore does not make it possible to adjust the level of the membrane in the borehole and therefore the leveling level of the column.
- this device of the prior art systematically involves the use of earthmoving machines in order to level the soil around the head of the column in order to be able to separate and extract it.
- the extraction of the column head is therefore sometimes complicated and leads to the formation of large excavations near the borehole, which is not desirable.
- the column sometimes breaks above the membrane and therefore above the desired level of leveling. It is therefore particularly difficult to correct the level of leveling.
- leveling devices such as that of the document. CN104234038 .
- This device comprises a precut structure forming an umbrella, movable between an open position, in which it fits in a cone, and a closed position.
- a drawback of this device is that it risks being damaged when the precut structure is opened and that it is necessary to ensure that said structure has opened correctly.
- this device does not make it possible to produce a clear break transverse to the axis of the column.
- the membrane of this device causes the embrittlement of a large portion of the column, located above and below the desired level of leveling.
- An object of the present invention is to provide a device for leveling a column overcoming the aforementioned problems.
- the column is preferably a pile or an inclusion, preferably cylindrical, intended to remain in the ground so as to form a foundation to support a structure such as a building. It is preferably carried out with a self-hardening fluid such as a concrete or a mortar.
- self-hardening fluid is meant a fluid configured to harden after a period of solidification.
- the self-hardening fluid may be a sealing fluid.
- the weakening member of the leveling device according to the invention does not need to be deployed or opened. Also, the installation of the leveling device is facilitated. In addition, the risk of the embrittlement member being damaged during installation is greatly reduced. Furthermore, the user does not need to ensure that said embrittlement member is correctly opened or deployed. The efficiency of said leveling device is therefore improved.
- the embrittlement member and the arm can form two separate parts joined together so as to prevent movement of the embrittlement member relative to the arm.
- This connection can for example be obtained using a screw-nut system or any other fixing device.
- drilling is preferably carried out in the ground, said drilling extending in a direction of drilling.
- the drilling is then filled with a self-hardening fluid such as a grout or a mortar, and the embrittlement member is introduced into said self-hardening fluid, preferably still fresh.
- the embrittlement member can be introduced by pushing on the arm, in the direction of drilling, towards the bottom of the drilling and to the desired depth. The embrittlement member then extends in the borehole to a depth corresponding to the level of leveling.
- the embrittlement member may comprise one or more branches arranged according to various configurations.
- the branch or branches can be straight or have a rounded shape.
- the embrittlement member preferably comprises areas without material, which facilitates its penetration into the self-hardening fluid. Said embrittlement member can therefore be easily displaced in the self-hardening fluid, which facilitates the adjustment of the position of said embrittlement member and therefore the adjustment of the level of leveling.
- the embrittlement member has a structure that is substantially symmetrical with respect to the longitudinal direction of the arm, considered in said plane transverse to the longitudinal direction.
- the level of the embrittlement member in the borehole can be adjusted by pulling or pushing the arm, in order to move said embrittlement member upwards or towards the bottom of the borehole.
- the embrittlement member is not likely to detach from the arm, especially when the arm is pulled up.
- the leveling device therefore makes it possible to precisely position the weakening member and therefore to precisely adjust the level of leveling.
- the embrittlement member can thus be brought to the chosen level of leveling and the leveling device is then left in place and kept immobile in the self-hardening fluid.
- the self-hardening fluid then solidifies and forms the column in which the embrittlement member is located and preferably at least part of the arm.
- Said column extends along a column axis, substantially coincident with the direction of drilling.
- the arm then extends substantially along said column axis.
- the presence of the embrittlement member taken in the column forms a discontinuity of material between an upper part of the column, called the column head and a lower part of the column called the body of the column.
- the column head is located between the embrittlement member and the edge of the borehole, generally above the embrittlement member.
- the body of the column is then located in the bottom of the borehole, generally under the embrittlement member.
- This discontinuity of material facilitates the breaking of the column, at the level of said embrittlement member. Also, a slight force exerted on the head of the column, for example a lateral force or a tensile force directed towards the outside of the borehole then makes it possible to separate said head from the part bottom of the column.
- the break is sufficiently precise and corresponds precisely to the level of leveling chosen.
- the column head can then be extracted from the borehole while the lower part of the column is left in the borehole, for example in order to serve as a foundation to support a structure, or to modify the characteristics of the soil.
- the embrittlement member extends in a plane transverse to the longitudinal direction of said arm, said break is formed transversely to the axis of the column. It is therefore not necessary to level the upper face of the lower part of the column, formed by the leveling.
- the leveling device according to the invention makes it possible in particular to overcome a subsequent step of planing the lower part of the column left in place in the drilling, in order to adjust the level of leveling of said column.
- the embrittlement member preferably remains blocked in the lower end of the column head so that it forms a support enabling said column head to be extracted.
- the arm advantageously has a sufficient length, preferably between 1 and 3 meters, so that it projects out of the borehole from an upper end of the column when the leveling device is caught in said column.
- the arm can then be grasped and pulled upward from the borehole, substantially vertically. Insofar as it cooperates with the embrittlement member, forming a support for the column head, this traction on the arm makes it possible to make the break in order to separate the column into two parts and to lift the column head.
- the length of the arm is sufficient to allow it to be anchored in the column head.
- the column head can be lifted without slipping along the arm or coming off it.
- the arm can be manipulated for example by means of a lifting device and makes it possible to extract the column head from the borehole.
- the arm can be manipulated manually by an operator.
- the device according to the invention is light enough to be handled by an operator without using a tool.
- the arm facilitates the handling of the column head. Thanks to the arm, the column head can be extracted vertically and it is not necessary to carry out earthwork around the column head in order to exert a lateral force on the column head to achieve the break.
- the arm when taken in the column, the arm forms a stiffening element of the column head, disposed above the weakening member. The arm therefore reduces the risk of the column breaking above the desired level of leveling.
- the embrittlement member forms a one-piece assembly with the arm, whereby the risk of the embrittlement member detaching from the arm is substantially reduced, even when the arm is pulled to detach the head from the rest. of the column.
- the risk that the leveling device breaks at the junction between the arm and the embrittlement member is all the lower.
- the solidity of the leveling device is therefore reinforced.
- the embrittlement member is inscribed in a disc.
- One advantage is to be able to completely drown the embrittlement member in the column, which has a cross section forming a disc.
- the diameter of the disc in which the embrittlement member is inscribed is advantageously less than the diameter of the column and the diameter of the borehole.
- the embrittlement member has a first area and said disc has a second area, the first area being less than half of the second area. It is therefore understood that all of the material-free zones of the embrittlement member have an area greater than the area of the material zones. The friction between the self-hardening fluid and the embrittlement member is therefore reduced when the latter is moved in said fluid.
- the first area of the embrittlement member is between 20% and 30% of the second area of the disc.
- the embrittlement member and the column each have a diameter, the diameter of the embrittlement member being between 85% and 100% of the diameter of the column. Also, when it is in the column, the embrittlement member does not exceed not radially out of the column. It is understood that the diameter of the embrittlement member is therefore less than or equal to the diameter of the borehole, so that it can be inserted and moved in the borehole without coming into contact with the wall of said borehole. The embrittlement member can therefore be introduced into or removed from the borehole without coming into contact with said wall of the borehole so that the risk of it becoming trapped in the borehole is further reduced.
- the embrittlement member is mounted at a distal end of the arm.
- the embrittlement member extends between the bottom of the borehole and the arm.
- the arm makes it possible to reinforce the column head situated above the embrittlement member and not the lower part of the column situated below said embrittlement member. This prevents the column from breaking above the embrittlement member and thus improves the precision of the break made in the column and therefore of the level of leveling.
- the arm comprises a proximal end, opposite to said distal end and provided with a gripping element.
- This grip element facilitates the manipulation of the arm. Without limitation, it can cooperate with a lifting device in order to be able to grasp and lift said leveling device.
- the gripping element therefore facilitates the adjustment of the position of the embrittlement member in the self-hardening fluid still fresh. In addition, it facilitates the traction of the arm so as to separate the column head and extract it from the borehole.
- the embrittlement member comprises an upper surface directed towards the proximal end of the arm and a lower surface opposite the upper surface, the lower surface being covered with a non-stick layer.
- One advantage is to reduce the adhesion between said lower surface and the self-hardening fluid, in particular at the level of an upper end of the lower column portion, called the column body, disposed under the embrittlement member.
- the non-stick layer therefore facilitates the separation of the column head from the body of the column and improves the precision of the leveling level.
- non-stick layer makes it possible to locate the break in the column at the level of said lower surface of the embrittlement member, so that said embrittlement member remains blocked in the column head during its separation and extraction.
- the non-stick layer may be formed from a resin, a lacquer or a paint for metals.
- said embrittlement member comprises a peripheral edge, opposite the arm, curved towards the proximal end of the arm.
- Said peripheral edge is preferably formed by all of the portions of the branch or branches furthest from the arm.
- the peripheral edge is curved in a direction opposite to the bottom of the borehole, towards the outside of said borehole.
- This curvature allows automatic centering of the embrittlement member in the borehole when it introduces and moves in the self-hardening fluid. This in particular prevents the embrittlement member from jamming on the wall of the borehole. This also prevents the embrittlement member from pivoting in the borehole, so that the plane in which the embrittlement member extends would no longer extend perpendicular to the axis of the column.
- the curvature of the peripheral edge therefore makes it possible to maintain the break of the column substantially transverse to the axis of the column.
- the embrittlement member comprises a plurality of branches projecting radially from the arm so as to form a cross structure.
- This structure has the advantage of guaranteeing easy penetration into the self-hardening fluid while guaranteeing a discontinuity of material facilitating the separation of the column into two parts.
- the embrittlement member preferably comprises an even number of branches.
- said branches form a structure symmetrical with respect to the longitudinal direction of the arm, considered in the plane transverse to said longitudinal direction.
- the embrittlement member may include four branches.
- the embrittlement member comprises at least two adjacent branches extending perpendicularly to one another.
- the embrittlement member forms a support on which at least part of the weight of the column head can be distributed uniformly. This reduces the risk that the embrittlement member will deform or break when it carries the column head.
- each of the branches of the embrittlement member is perpendicular to the directly adjacent branches, so as to form a Greek cross.
- the embrittlement member comprises at least a first zone without material formed between two adjacent branches.
- the embrittlement member comprises a circular band connecting the branches together while defining openings between the branches.
- One advantage is to stiffen the branches in order to prevent them from deforming or breaking.
- this circular band also makes it possible to support, at least in part, the weight of the column head.
- the circular strip connects the ends of the branches together.
- the circular band protects the distal ends of the branches. It also improves the guiding of the embrittlement member during movement of the latter in the self-hardening fluid.
- the step of separating said upper column part from said lower column part is carried out by pulling on the arm.
- the invention relates to a device for leveling a column made in a ground.
- This leveling device makes it possible to separate said column into a lower part, intended to remain in the ground, and an upper part, called column head, intended to be extracted from the ground.
- FIG. 1 A first embodiment of a leveling device 10 for a column C , according to the invention is shown in figure 1 .
- the leveling device 10 comprises an arm 20 and a weakening member 30 , making it possible to separate a column into two parts.
- the arm 20 extends in a longitudinal direction Y. It includes a proximal end 20a and a distal end 20b , opposite the proximal end 20a .
- the proximal end 20a of the arm is provided with a gripping element 22 forming a parallelepipedic handle extending transversely to the longitudinal direction Y of the arm 20 .
- the arm 20 can be made of metal.
- the arm preferably has a length of between 1 and 3 meters. The arm may have a longer length, depending on the level of leveling desired.
- the embrittlement member 30 is mounted at the distal end 20b of the arm 20 so that it is integral with said arm 20 and forms a one-piece assembly with said arm.
- the embrittlement member 30 comprises a first branch 32 , a second branch 34 , a third branch 36 and a fourth branch 38 .
- Said first, second, third and fourth branches 32 , 34 , 36 , 38 project radially from the arm 20 and extend transversely to the longitudinal direction Y of the arm.
- said branches are transverse and perpendicular two by two, so that the first and third branches 32 , 36 are perpendicular to the second and fourth branches 34 , 38 .
- the shaft 20 forms an axis of symmetry for the weakening member 30 , considered in the plane P.
- the branches are substantially identical and all have substantially the same length.
- the first, second, third and fourth branches 32 , 34 , 36 , 38 respectively have first, second, third and fourth distal ends 32b , 34b , 36b , 38b distant from the arm 20 . All of these distal ends form a peripheral edge 40 of the embrittlement member. In addition, as shown in figure 2 , these distal ends are curved towards the proximal end 20a of the arm 20 . Said peripheral edge 40 is therefore also curved towards the proximal end of the arm.
- the embrittlement member extends in a plane P transverse to the longitudinal direction Y of the arm 20 .
- the embrittlement member is inscribed in a disk D.
- the diameter d1 of said disc D is approximately equal to twice the length of a branch, where again equal to the cumulative length of the first branch 32 and the third branch 36 .
- the embrittlement member has an area less than half the area of the disc D.
- the area of the embrittlement member 20 is approximately equal to one third of the area of the disc D.
- areas without material 42 , 44 , 46 , 48 are formed between the adjacent branches.
- the embrittlement member comprises an upper surface 37 directed towards the proximal end 20a of the arm. It also includes a lower surface 39 opposite the upper surface 37 . This lower surface 37 is covered with a non-stick layer 50 , for example a lacquer or a paint for metals.
- the figures 4 to 11 illustrate the implementation of a leveling process by means of a leveling device 10 according to the invention.
- a drilling machine 60 comprising a drilling tool 62 .
- a substantially vertical drilling F is then carried out in a soil S , by moving the drilling tool 62 vertically in said soil, as illustrated by the passage of the figure 4 to the figure 5 .
- the figure 6 shows the next step according to which the borehole F is filled with a self-hardening fluid such as concrete or mortar.
- a self-hardening fluid such as concrete or mortar.
- the self-hardening fluid is injected into the drilling from a distal end 62b of the drilling tool 62 , while raising the drilling tool 62 , so as to extract it from the drilling F.
- the borehole is preferably filled with self-hardening fluid to a level slightly lower than the ground level S , in order to avoid overflows.
- the leveling device 10 is then brought opposite the borehole, as illustrated in figure 8 .
- the leveling device 10 While the self-hardening fluid is always fresh, the leveling device 10 according to the invention is introduced into the borehole F , so as to immerse it in the self-hardening fluid, as illustrated in figure 9 .
- the leveling device 10 is raised, using a lifting device 64 cooperating with the gripping element 22 .
- the leveling device could be lifted manually by an operator.
- the leveling device 10 is brought opposite the borehole F , above this borehole, and is lowered substantially vertically.
- the lifting device 64 then makes it possible to guide the descent of the leveling device 10 while the latter penetrates the self-hardening fluid under its own weight, by gravity.
- the penetration of the embrittlement member 30 into the self-hardening fluid is improved by the perforated zones 42 , 44 , 46 , 48 located between the branches 32 , 34 , 36 , 38 . Indeed, these areas without material make it possible to reduce the friction between the embrittlement member and the self-hardening fluid.
- the introduction of the leveling device 10 into the borehole is therefore facilitated.
- the curvature of the peripheral edge 40 of the embrittlement member 30 makes it possible to automatically center said embrittlement member with respect to the borehole F , during its movement in said borehole. It can be seen that since the embrittlement member is inscribed in a disk D whose diameter is less than that of the borehole, the transverse dimensions of said drill member are also less than the diameter of the borehole. Also, the embrittlement member 30 does not come into contact with the side wall of the borehole or, at the very least, does not get stuck in the borehole.
- the embrittlement member is then lowered to the desired depth P 1 , corresponding to the level of leveling chosen, and is then embedded in the self-hardening fluid.
- An upper end portion 21 of the lifting arm, on which the gripping element 22 is mounted, is advantageously kept out of the self-hardening fluid and out of the borehole F.
- a lower end portion 23 of the arm 20 is embedded in the self-hardening fluid.
- the depth P 1 reached by the embrittlement device 30 can easily be determined from the known length of the arm 20 and the length of said upper end portion 21 of the arm protruding from the self-hardening fluid.
- use may be made of a laser level and of a sight mounted on the upper part of the arm, to determine the depth P 1 .
- the leveling device 10 When the embrittlement member reaches the desired depth P 1 , shown in figure 9 , corresponding to the desired level of leveling, the leveling device 10 is kept stationary, until the self-hardening fluid solidifies. To do this, it can be maintained by the lifting device 64 , or else wedged by means of a support resting on the ground at the edge of the borehole. Alternatively, the self-hardening fluid used may be viscous enough to keep the leveling device 10 still.
- Said solidification is illustrated by the passage of the figure 9 to the figure 10 .
- a column C such as an inclusion or a pile, is formed in the soil.
- the leveling device and the embrittlement member are taken and sealed in said column C. More specifically, the embrittlement member 30 and the lower end portion 23 of the arm 20 are blocked in an upper part C1 of the column C. Said lower end portion 23 makes it possible to stiffen said upper part C1 of the column.
- the branches 32 , 34 , 36 , 38 of the embrittlement member 30 create a discontinuity of material in the column C , thus forming a precut embrittling the column C at the embrittlement member.
- a tensile force is then exerted on the arm 20 , upwards.
- the effort could be a lateral effort.
- the lifting device 64 pulls on the gripping element 22 of the arm, which has the effect of jointly lifting the arm and the embrittlement member which are integral.
- the break occurs at the lower surface 39 of the embrittlement member 30 , which is facilitated by the non-stick layer 50 covering this lower surface 39 .
- Column C is then separated into two parts, namely the upper column part, called column head C1 , and a lower part, called column body C2 .
- the break is made precisely at the desired level of leveling, and extends in a plane transverse to the axis of the column and to the direction of drilling.
- the break is particularly clear and flat.
- the embrittlement member 30 and the arm 20 remain blocked at least in part in the column head C1 while they are completely detached from the column body C2 .
- the arm 30 is then anchored in the column head so that said column head can be lifted without slipping along or off the arm.
- the embrittlement member 30 furthermore at least partially supports the column head C1 .
- the leveling device 10 By pulling more on the arm 20 , the leveling device 10 is raised and the column head C1 , supported by the weakening member 30 and by the anchored arm 20 , is extracted from the borehole F. As illustrated in figure 12 , the lower part C2 of column C is left in borehole F and can then be used as a foundation, for example for a building.
- the figure 13 shows a view from below of the head of column C1 separated from the lower part of column C2 and extracted from borehole F. Note that the leveling device 10 is always caught in said column head.
- the disk D in which the embrittlement member 30 is inscribed corresponds to the cross section of the column head C1 .
- the diameter d1 of the disk D is substantially equal to the diameter of the column. Consequently, the diameter d1 of the disc D and therefore of the embrittlement member 30 is slightly less than the diameter of the borehole.
- the figure 14 illustrates a second embodiment of the leveling device according to the invention.
- the leveling device 10 ' also comprises an arm 20' cooperating with a weakening member 30 ' .
- the embrittlement member 30 ' comprises first, second, third and fourth branches 32' , 34 ' , 36' , 38 ' having respectively a first, second, third and fourth distal end 32'b , 34'b , 36' b , 38'b .
- Said distal ends are connected by a circular band 40 ' forming a peripheral edge.
- Said circular band makes it possible to reinforce the weakening member 30 ′ .
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
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- Civil Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Piles And Underground Anchors (AREA)
Abstract
Dispositif (10) d'arasement d'une colonne (C) réalisée dans un sol (S), le dispositif comprenant un bras (20,20') ayant une direction longitudinale (Y) ; et un organe de fragilisation (30) configuré pour être introduit dans la colonne afin de créer une discontinuité de matière permettant de séparer ladite colonne en deux parties distinctes (C1,C2), l'organe de fragilisation étant immobile par rapport audit bras et s'étendant dans un plan (P) transversal à la direction longitudinale dudit bras, l'organe de fragilisation comprenant au moins une première branche (32,32') s'étendant radialement depuis le bras.Device (10) for leveling a column (C) made in a soil (S), the device comprising an arm (20,20 ') having a longitudinal direction (Y); and a weakening member (30) configured to be introduced into the column in order to create a discontinuity of material making it possible to separate said column into two distinct parts (C1, C2), the weakening member being stationary relative to said arm and s 'extending in a plane (P) transverse to the longitudinal direction of said arm, the embrittlement member comprising at least a first branch (32,32') extending radially from the arm.
Description
La présente invention concerne le domaine de l'amélioration de sol à l'aide de colonnes rigides ou semi-rigides. L'invention porte plus précisément sur un dispositif d'arasement d'une colonne réalisée dans un sol.The present invention relates to the field of soil improvement using rigid or semi-rigid columns. The invention relates more specifically to a device for leveling a column made in a soil.
Afin de former une colonne dans un sol, on réalise de manière traditionnelle un forage que l'on remplit d'un fluide auto-durcissable. Le niveau de fluide dans le forage peut être ajusté de manière à obtenir une colonne ayant sensiblement les dimensions voulues. Toutefois, le niveau de fluide ne peut généralement pas être ajusté de manière précise.In order to form a column in a soil, a drilling is traditionally carried out which is filled with a self-hardening fluid. The fluid level in the borehole can be adjusted so as to obtain a column having substantially the desired dimensions. However, the fluid level cannot usually be adjusted precisely.
Alternativement, il est par ailleurs connu d'introduire le fluide auto-durcissable sensiblement jusqu'au bord du forage et de procéder ensuite à l'arasement de la colonne formée par le fluide auto-durcissable solidifié. L'arasement de la colonne consiste à réaliser une cassure de manière à séparer la tête, située en partie supérieure de la colonne, puis d'enlever ladite tête du forage, afin d'obtenir une colonne ayant les dimensions souhaitées. On appellera « niveau d'arase » la hauteur à laquelle est réalisée la cassure dans la colonne.Alternatively, it is also known to introduce the self-hardening fluid substantially to the edge of the borehole and then to level the column formed by the solidified self-hardening fluid. The leveling of the column consists in making a break so as to separate the head, located in the upper part of the column, then to remove said head from the borehole, in order to obtain a column having the desired dimensions. The height at which the break in the column is made will be called "level of leveling".
On connait notamment un dispositif de prédécoupe d'une colonne tel que celui décrit dans le document
Lors de la mise en place, ce dispositif de prédécoupe est d'abord introduit dans le fluide auto-durcissable encore frais, de sorte que la membrane en position pliée s'étend sensiblement à un niveau de prédécoupe prédéterminé. La membrane est alors amenée en position déployée et le système de mise en place est tiré hors du forage tandis que la membrane reste noyée dans le fluide auto-durcissable. Après solidification du fluide auto-durcissable, on procède à la séparation de la tête de colonne en exerçant une action mécanique sur ladite tête afin d'effectuer une cassure, de manière à pouvoir ensuite l'extraire.During installation, this precut device is first introduced into the self-hardening fluid still fresh, so that the membrane in the folded position extends substantially to a predetermined level of precut. The membrane is then brought into the deployed position and the positioning system is pulled out of the borehole while the membrane remains embedded in the self-hardening fluid. After the self-hardening fluid has solidified, the column head is separated by exerting a mechanical action on said head in order to effect a break, so that it can then be extracted.
Un inconvénient de ce dispositif est que la mise en position déployée de la membrane est manuelle et nécessite d'exercer un couple important sur le dispositif de mise en place. L'opérateur rencontre par conséquent des difficultés à placer la membrane en position déployée. L'effort exercé pour déployer la membrane risque par ailleurs d'engendrer un endommagement du système de mise en place ou de la membrane elle-même. En outre, la membrane n'est pas toujours amenée correctement en position déployée, ce qu'il est difficile de vérifier, compromettant alors parfois l'efficacité du dispositif de prédécoupe.One drawback of this device is that the deployment of the membrane in the manual position is manual and requires exerting a large torque on the positioning device. The operator therefore encounters difficulties in placing the membrane in the deployed position. The effort exerted to deploy the membrane may also cause damage to the delivery system or the membrane itself. In addition, the membrane is not always brought correctly into the deployed position, this difficult to verify, sometimes compromising the effectiveness of the precut device.
Par ailleurs, le dispositif de prédécoupe de ce document ne permet pas de déplacer la membrane vers la partie supérieure du forage lorsque cette dernière est noyée dans le fluide auto-durcissable à une profondeur trop importante par rapport au niveau d'arase souhaité. Ce dispositif de prédécoupe ne permet donc pas d'ajuster le niveau de la membrane dans le forage et donc le niveau d'arasement de la colonne.Furthermore, the precut device of this document does not allow the membrane to be moved towards the upper part of the borehole when the latter is embedded in the self-hardening fluid to a depth that is too great compared to the desired level of leveling. This precut device therefore does not make it possible to adjust the level of the membrane in the borehole and therefore the leveling level of the column.
De plus, ce dispositif de l'art antérieur implique systématiquement l'utilisation de machines de terrassement afin de niveler le sol autour de la tête de colonne pour pouvoir la séparer et l'extraire. L'extraction de la tête de colonne est donc parfois compliquée et entraine la formation d'importantes excavations à proximité du forage, ce qui n'est pas souhaitable.In addition, this device of the prior art systematically involves the use of earthmoving machines in order to level the soil around the head of the column in order to be able to separate and extract it. The extraction of the column head is therefore sometimes complicated and leads to the formation of large excavations near the borehole, which is not desirable.
Enfin, malgré les précautions prises, la colonne se casse parfois au-dessus de la membrane et donc au-dessus du niveau d'arase souhaité. Il est alors particulièrement difficile de corriger le niveau d'arase.Finally, despite the precautions taken, the column sometimes breaks above the membrane and therefore above the desired level of leveling. It is therefore particularly difficult to correct the level of leveling.
On connait également des dispositifs d'arasement tel que celui du document
En outre, ce dispositif ne permet pas de réaliser une cassure nette et transversale à l'axe de la colonne. La membrane de ce dispositif entraine la fragilisation d'une portion importante de la colonne, située au-dessus et en dessous du niveau d'arase souhaité.In addition, this device does not make it possible to produce a clear break transverse to the axis of the column. The membrane of this device causes the embrittlement of a large portion of the column, located above and below the desired level of leveling.
Un but de la présente invention est de proposer un dispositif d'arasement d'une colonne remédiant aux problèmes précités.An object of the present invention is to provide a device for leveling a column overcoming the aforementioned problems.
Pour ce faire, l'invention porte sur un dispositif d'arasement d'une colonne réalisée dans un sol, le dispositif comprenant :
- un bras ayant une direction longitudinale ; et
- un organe de fragilisation configuré pour être introduit dans la colonne afin de créer une discontinuité de matière permettant de séparer ladite colonne en deux parties distinctes, l'organe de fragilisation étant immobile par rapport audit bras et s'étendant dans un plan transversal à la direction longitudinale dudit bras, l'organe de fragilisation comprenant au moins une première branche s'étendant radialement depuis le bras.
- an arm having a longitudinal direction; and
- a weakening member configured to be introduced into the column in order to create a discontinuity of material making it possible to separate said column into two distinct parts, the embrittlement member being immobile with respect to said arm and extending in a plane transverse to the longitudinal direction of said arm, the embrittlement member comprising at least one first branch extending radially from the arm.
La colonne est de préférence un pieu ou une inclusion, de préférence cylindrique, destinée à rester dans le sol de manière à former une fondation pour supporter une structure telle qu'un bâtiment. Elle est préférentiellement réalisée avec un fluide auto-durcissable tel qu'un béton ou un mortier. Par fluide auto-durcissable, on entend un fluide configuré pour durcir après une période de solidification. Le fluide auto-durcissable peut être un fluide de scellement.The column is preferably a pile or an inclusion, preferably cylindrical, intended to remain in the ground so as to form a foundation to support a structure such as a building. It is preferably carried out with a self-hardening fluid such as a concrete or a mortar. By self-hardening fluid is meant a fluid configured to harden after a period of solidification. The self-hardening fluid may be a sealing fluid.
Contrairement aux dispositifs de l'art antérieur, l'organe de fragilisation du dispositif d'arasement selon l'invention n'a pas besoin d'être déployé ou ouvert. Aussi, l'installation du dispositif d'arasement est facilitée. De plus, le risque que l'organe de fragilisation soit endommagé lors de la mise en place est grandement réduit. Par ailleurs, l'utilisateur n'a pas besoin de s'assurer que ledit organe de fragilisation soit correctement ouvert ou déployé. L'efficacité dudit dispositif d'arasement est donc améliorée.Unlike the devices of the prior art, the weakening member of the leveling device according to the invention does not need to be deployed or opened. Also, the installation of the leveling device is facilitated. In addition, the risk of the embrittlement member being damaged during installation is greatly reduced. Furthermore, the user does not need to ensure that said embrittlement member is correctly opened or deployed. The efficiency of said leveling device is therefore improved.
Sans sortir du cadre de l'invention, l'organe de fragilisation et le bras peuvent former deux pièces distinctes solidarisées entre elles de manière à empêcher le mouvement de l'organe de fragilisation par rapport au bras. Cette solidarisation peut par exemple être obtenue à l'aide d'un système vis-écrou ou tout autre dispositif de fixation.Without departing from the scope of the invention, the embrittlement member and the arm can form two separate parts joined together so as to prevent movement of the embrittlement member relative to the arm. This connection can for example be obtained using a screw-nut system or any other fixing device.
Afin de mettre en place le dispositif d'arasement selon l'invention, on réalise de préférence un forage dans le sol, ledit forage s'étendant selon une direction de forage. On remplit ensuite le forage d'un fluide auto-durcissable tel qu'un coulis ou un mortier, et on introduit l'organe de fragilisation dans ledit fluide auto-durcissable, de préférence encore frais. Pour ce faire, l'organe de fragilisation peut être introduit en poussant sur le bras, selon la direction de forage, vers le fond du forage et jusqu'à la profondeur souhaitée. L'organe de fragilisation s'étend alors dans le forage à une profondeur correspondant au niveau d'arase.In order to set up the leveling device according to the invention, drilling is preferably carried out in the ground, said drilling extending in a direction of drilling. The drilling is then filled with a self-hardening fluid such as a grout or a mortar, and the embrittlement member is introduced into said self-hardening fluid, preferably still fresh. To do this, the embrittlement member can be introduced by pushing on the arm, in the direction of drilling, towards the bottom of the drilling and to the desired depth. The embrittlement member then extends in the borehole to a depth corresponding to the level of leveling.
Sans sortir du cadre de l'invention, l'organe de fragilisation peut comprendre une ou plusieurs branches disposées selon diverses configurations. En particulier, la ou les branches peuvent être rectilignes ou présenter une forme arrondie.Without departing from the scope of the invention, the embrittlement member may comprise one or more branches arranged according to various configurations. In particular, the branch or branches can be straight or have a rounded shape.
L'organe de fragilisation comprend de préférence des zones sans matière, ce qui facilite sa pénétration dans le fluide auto-durcissable. Ledit organe de fragilisation peut donc être aisément déplacé dans le fluide auto-durcissable, ce qui facilite l'ajustement de la position dudit organe de fragilisation et donc l'ajustement du niveau d'arase.The embrittlement member preferably comprises areas without material, which facilitates its penetration into the self-hardening fluid. Said embrittlement member can therefore be easily displaced in the self-hardening fluid, which facilitates the adjustment of the position of said embrittlement member and therefore the adjustment of the level of leveling.
De préférence, l'organe de fragilisation présente une structure sensiblement symétrique par rapport à la direction longitudinale du bras, considérée dans ledit plan transversal à la direction longitudinale.Preferably, the embrittlement member has a structure that is substantially symmetrical with respect to the longitudinal direction of the arm, considered in said plane transverse to the longitudinal direction.
Grâce à l'invention, le niveau de l'organe de fragilisation dans le forage peut être ajusté en tirant ou en poussant le bras, afin de déplacer ledit organe de fragilisation vers haut ou vers le fond du forage. En effet, l'organe de fragilisation ne risque pas de se détacher du bras, notamment lorsque le bras est tiré vers le haut. Le dispositif d'arasement permet donc de positionner précisément l'organe de fragilisation et donc d'ajuster avec précision le niveau d'arase.Thanks to the invention, the level of the embrittlement member in the borehole can be adjusted by pulling or pushing the arm, in order to move said embrittlement member upwards or towards the bottom of the borehole. Indeed, the embrittlement member is not likely to detach from the arm, especially when the arm is pulled up. The leveling device therefore makes it possible to precisely position the weakening member and therefore to precisely adjust the level of leveling.
L'organe de fragilisation peut ainsi être amené au niveau d'arase choisi et le dispositif d'arasement est alors laissé en place et maintenu immobile dans le fluide auto-durcissable.The embrittlement member can thus be brought to the chosen level of leveling and the leveling device is then left in place and kept immobile in the self-hardening fluid.
Le fluide auto-durcissable se solidifie alors et forme la colonne dans laquelle se trouve l'organe de fragilisation et de préférence au moins une partie du bras. Ladite colonne s'étend selon un axe de colonne, sensiblement confondu avec la direction de forage. Le bras s'étend alors sensiblement selon ledit axe de colonne.The self-hardening fluid then solidifies and forms the column in which the embrittlement member is located and preferably at least part of the arm. Said column extends along a column axis, substantially coincident with the direction of drilling. The arm then extends substantially along said column axis.
La présence de l'organe de fragilisation pris dans la colonne forme une discontinuité de matière entre une partie supérieure de la colonne, appelée tête de colonne et une partie inférieure de la colonne appelée corps de la colonne. La tête de colonne est située entre l'organe de fragilisation et le bord du forage, généralement au-dessus de l'organe de fragilisation. Le corps de la colonne est alors situé dans le fond du forage, généralement sous l'organe de fragilisation.The presence of the embrittlement member taken in the column forms a discontinuity of material between an upper part of the column, called the column head and a lower part of the column called the body of the column. The column head is located between the embrittlement member and the edge of the borehole, generally above the embrittlement member. The body of the column is then located in the bottom of the borehole, generally under the embrittlement member.
Cette discontinuité de matière facilite la cassure de la colonne, au niveau dudit organe de fragilisation. Aussi, un léger effort exercé sur la tête de colonne, par exemple un effort latéral ou un effort de traction dirigé vers l'extérieur du forage permet alors de séparer ladite tête de la partie inférieure de la colonne. La cassure est suffisamment précise et correspond précisément au niveau d'arase choisi.This discontinuity of material facilitates the breaking of the column, at the level of said embrittlement member. Also, a slight force exerted on the head of the column, for example a lateral force or a tensile force directed towards the outside of the borehole then makes it possible to separate said head from the part bottom of the column. The break is sufficiently precise and corresponds precisely to the level of leveling chosen.
La tête de colonne peut alors être extraite du forage tandis que la partie inférieure de la colonne est laissée dans le forage, par exemple afin de servir de fondation pour supporter une structure, ou modifier les caractéristiques du sol.The column head can then be extracted from the borehole while the lower part of the column is left in the borehole, for example in order to serve as a foundation to support a structure, or to modify the characteristics of the soil.
En outre, dans la mesure où l'organe de fragilisation s'étend dans un plan transversal à la direction longitudinale dudit bras, ladite cassure est formée transversalement à l'axe de la colonne. Il n'est donc pas nécessaire de niveler la face supérieure de la partie inférieure de la colonne, formée par l'arasement. Le dispositif d'arasement selon l'invention permet notamment de s'affranchir d'une étape ultérieure de rabotage de la partie inférieure de colonne laissée en place dans le forage, afin d'ajuster le niveau d'arase de ladite colonne.In addition, insofar as the embrittlement member extends in a plane transverse to the longitudinal direction of said arm, said break is formed transversely to the axis of the column. It is therefore not necessary to level the upper face of the lower part of the column, formed by the leveling. The leveling device according to the invention makes it possible in particular to overcome a subsequent step of planing the lower part of the column left in place in the drilling, in order to adjust the level of leveling of said column.
Par ailleurs, l'organe de fragilisation reste de préférence bloqué dans l'extrémité inférieure de la tête de colonne de sorte qu'il forme un support permettant d'extraire ladite tête de colonne.Furthermore, the embrittlement member preferably remains blocked in the lower end of the column head so that it forms a support enabling said column head to be extracted.
Le bras présente avantageusement une longueur suffisante, de préférence comprise entre 1 et 3 mètres, de sorte qu'il fait saillie hors du forage depuis une extrémité supérieure de la colonne lorsque le dispositif d'arasement est pris dans ladite colonne. Le bras peut alors être saisi et tiré vers le haut du forage, sensiblement verticalement. Dans la mesure où il coopère avec l'organe de fragilisation, formant un support pour la tête de colonne, cette traction sur le bras permet de réaliser la cassure afin de séparer la colonne en deux parties et de lever la tête de colonne.The arm advantageously has a sufficient length, preferably between 1 and 3 meters, so that it projects out of the borehole from an upper end of the column when the leveling device is caught in said column. The arm can then be grasped and pulled upward from the borehole, substantially vertically. Insofar as it cooperates with the embrittlement member, forming a support for the column head, this traction on the arm makes it possible to make the break in order to separate the column into two parts and to lift the column head.
La longueur du bras est suffisante pour permettre son ancrage dans la tête de colonne. La tête de colonne peut être soulevée sans qu'elle ne glisse le long du bras ou ne s'en détache.The length of the arm is sufficient to allow it to be anchored in the column head. The column head can be lifted without slipping along the arm or coming off it.
Le bras peut être manipulé par exemple au moyen d'un dispositif de levage et permet d'extraire la tête de colonne du forage. En variante, le bras peut être manipulé manuellement par un opérateur. En particulier, le dispositif selon l'invention est suffisamment léger pour être manipulé par un opérateur sans utiliser d'outil.The arm can be manipulated for example by means of a lifting device and makes it possible to extract the column head from the borehole. Alternatively, the arm can be manipulated manually by an operator. In particular, the device according to the invention is light enough to be handled by an operator without using a tool.
Le bras facilite la manipulation de la tête de colonne. Grâce au bras, la tête de colonne peut être extraite verticalement et il n'est pas nécessaire de réaliser un terrassement du sol autour de la tête de colonne afin d'exercer un effort latéral sur la tête de colonne pour réaliser la cassure.The arm facilitates the handling of the column head. Thanks to the arm, the column head can be extracted vertically and it is not necessary to carry out earthwork around the column head in order to exert a lateral force on the column head to achieve the break.
Par ailleurs, lorsqu'il est pris dans la colonne, le bras forme un élément de rigidification de la tête de colonne, disposée au-dessus de l'organe de fragilisation. Le bras réduit donc le risque de cassure de la colonne au-dessus du niveau d'arase souhaité.Furthermore, when taken in the column, the arm forms a stiffening element of the column head, disposed above the weakening member. The arm therefore reduces the risk of the column breaking above the desired level of leveling.
De préférence, l'organe de fragilisation forme un ensemble monobloc avec le bras, grâce à quoi le risque que l'organe de fragilisation se détache du bras est sensiblement réduit, même lorsque l'on tire sur le bras pour détacher la tête du reste de la colonne. Le risque que le dispositif d'arasement se casse au niveau de la jonction entre le bras et l'organe de fragilisation est d'autant plus faible. La solidité du dispositif d'arasement est donc renforcée.Preferably, the embrittlement member forms a one-piece assembly with the arm, whereby the risk of the embrittlement member detaching from the arm is substantially reduced, even when the arm is pulled to detach the head from the rest. of the column. The risk that the leveling device breaks at the junction between the arm and the embrittlement member is all the lower. The solidity of the leveling device is therefore reinforced.
Avantageusement, considéré dans le plan transversal à la direction longitudinale, l'organe de fragilisation est inscrit dans un disque. Un intérêt est de pouvoir noyer intégralement l'organe de fragilisation dans la colonne, qui présente une section transversale formant un disque. Le diamètre du disque dans lequel est inscrit l'organe de fragilisation est avantageusement inférieur au diamètre de la colonne et au diamètre du forage.Advantageously, considered in the plane transverse to the longitudinal direction, the embrittlement member is inscribed in a disc. One advantage is to be able to completely drown the embrittlement member in the column, which has a cross section forming a disc. The diameter of the disc in which the embrittlement member is inscribed is advantageously less than the diameter of the column and the diameter of the borehole.
De préférence, l'organe de fragilisation présente une première superficie et ledit disque présente une deuxième superficie, la première superficie étant inférieure à la moitié de la deuxième superficie. On comprend donc que l'ensemble des zones sans matière de l'organe de fragilisation présente une superficie supérieure à la superficie des zones de matière. Les frottements entre le fluide auto-durcissable et l'organe de fragilisation sont donc réduits lorsque ce dernier est déplacé dans ledit fluide.Preferably, the embrittlement member has a first area and said disc has a second area, the first area being less than half of the second area. It is therefore understood that all of the material-free zones of the embrittlement member have an area greater than the area of the material zones. The friction between the self-hardening fluid and the embrittlement member is therefore reduced when the latter is moved in said fluid.
Cette répartition entre les zones sans matière et les zones de matière offre un bon compromis permettant de déplacer facilement l'organe de fragilisation dans le fluide auto-durcissable encore frais, en limitant les frottements, tout en assurant une discontinuité de manière suffisante dans la colonne pour permettre une séparation facile de ladite colonne en deux parties.This distribution between the non-material zones and the material zones offers a good compromise making it possible to easily move the embrittlement member in the self-hardening fluid still fresh, limiting friction, while ensuring sufficient discontinuity in the column. to allow easy separation of said column into two parts.
Encore de préférence, la première superficie de l'organe de fragilisation est comprise entre 20% et 30% de la deuxième superficie du disque.More preferably, the first area of the embrittlement member is between 20% and 30% of the second area of the disc.
Selon un aspect particulièrement avantageux, l'organe de fragilisation et la colonne présentent chacun un diamètre, le diamètre de l'organe de fragilisation étant compris entre 85% et 100% du diamètre de la colonne. Aussi, lorsqu'il se trouve dans la colonne, l'organe de fragilisation ne dépasse pas radialement hors de la colonne. On comprend que le diamètre de l'organe de fragilisation est donc inférieur ou égal au diamètre du forage, de sorte qu'il peut être inséré et déplacé dans le forage sans entrer en contact avec la paroi dudit forage. L'organe de fragilisation peut donc être introduit ou extrait du forage sans entrer en contact avec ladite paroi du forage de sorte que le risque qu'il reste coincé dans le forage est encore réduit.According to a particularly advantageous aspect, the embrittlement member and the column each have a diameter, the diameter of the embrittlement member being between 85% and 100% of the diameter of the column. Also, when it is in the column, the embrittlement member does not exceed not radially out of the column. It is understood that the diameter of the embrittlement member is therefore less than or equal to the diameter of the borehole, so that it can be inserted and moved in the borehole without coming into contact with the wall of said borehole. The embrittlement member can therefore be introduced into or removed from the borehole without coming into contact with said wall of the borehole so that the risk of it becoming trapped in the borehole is further reduced.
Préférentiellement, l'organe de fragilisation est monté à une extrémité distale du bras.Preferably, the embrittlement member is mounted at a distal end of the arm.
Aussi, lorsque le dispositif d'arasement est introduit dans le forage, l'organe de fragilisation s'étend entre le fond du forage et le bras. De cette manière, le bras permet de renforcer la tête de colonne située au-dessus de l'organe de fragilisation et non la partie inférieure de la colonne située en dessous dudit organe de fragilisation. Ceci empêche la colonne de se casser au-dessus de l'organe de fragilisation et améliore ainsi la précision de la cassure réalisée dans la colonne et donc du niveau d'arase.Also, when the leveling device is introduced into the borehole, the embrittlement member extends between the bottom of the borehole and the arm. In this way, the arm makes it possible to reinforce the column head situated above the embrittlement member and not the lower part of the column situated below said embrittlement member. This prevents the column from breaking above the embrittlement member and thus improves the precision of the break made in the column and therefore of the level of leveling.
De manière avantageuse, le bras comprend une extrémité proximale, opposée à ladite extrémité distale et munie d'un élément de préhension. Cet élément de préhension facilite la manipulation du bras. De manière non limitative, il peut coopérer avec un dispositif de levage afin de pouvoir saisir et lever ledit dispositif d'arasement. L'élément de préhension facilite donc l'ajustement de la position de l'organe de fragilisation dans le fluide auto-durcissable encore frais. En outre, il facilite la traction du bras de manière à séparer la tête de colonne et à l'extraire du forage.Advantageously, the arm comprises a proximal end, opposite to said distal end and provided with a gripping element. This grip element facilitates the manipulation of the arm. Without limitation, it can cooperate with a lifting device in order to be able to grasp and lift said leveling device. The gripping element therefore facilitates the adjustment of the position of the embrittlement member in the self-hardening fluid still fresh. In addition, it facilitates the traction of the arm so as to separate the column head and extract it from the borehole.
Avantageusement, l'organe de fragilisation comprend une surface supérieure dirigée vers l'extrémité proximale du bras et une surface inférieure opposée à la surface supérieure, la surface inférieure étant recouverte d'une couche antiadhésive. Un intérêt est de réduire l'adhérence entre ladite surface inférieure et le fluide auto-durcissable, notamment au niveau d'une extrémité supérieure de la partie inférieure de colonne, dite corps de la colonne, disposée sous l'organe de fragilisation. La couche antiadhésive facilite donc la séparation de la tête de colonne par rapport au corps de la colonne et améliore la précision du niveau d'arase.Advantageously, the embrittlement member comprises an upper surface directed towards the proximal end of the arm and a lower surface opposite the upper surface, the lower surface being covered with a non-stick layer. One advantage is to reduce the adhesion between said lower surface and the self-hardening fluid, in particular at the level of an upper end of the lower column portion, called the column body, disposed under the embrittlement member. The non-stick layer therefore facilitates the separation of the column head from the body of the column and improves the precision of the leveling level.
En outre, la couche antiadhésive permet de localiser la cassure de la colonne au niveau de ladite surface inférieur de l'organe de fragilisation, de sorte que ledit organe de fragilisation reste bloqué dans la tête de colonne lors de sa séparation et de son extraction.In addition, the non-stick layer makes it possible to locate the break in the column at the level of said lower surface of the embrittlement member, so that said embrittlement member remains blocked in the column head during its separation and extraction.
La couche antiadhésive peut être formée d'une résine, d'une laque ou d'une peinture pour métaux.The non-stick layer may be formed from a resin, a lacquer or a paint for metals.
Selon un aspect particulièrement avantageux, ledit organe de fragilisation comprend un bord périphérique, opposé au bras, courbé vers l'extrémité proximale du bras.According to a particularly advantageous aspect, said embrittlement member comprises a peripheral edge, opposite the arm, curved towards the proximal end of the arm.
Ledit bord périphérique est de préférence formé par l'ensemble des portions de la ou des branches les plus éloignées du bras.Said peripheral edge is preferably formed by all of the portions of the branch or branches furthest from the arm.
Lorsque l'organe de fragilisation est introduit dans le forage, le bord périphérique est courbé vers une direction opposée au fond du forage, vers l'extérieur dudit forage.When the embrittlement member is introduced into the borehole, the peripheral edge is curved in a direction opposite to the bottom of the borehole, towards the outside of said borehole.
Cette courbure permet le centrage automatique de l'organe de fragilisation dans le forage lorsqu'il introduit et déplacé dans le fluide auto-durcissable. Ceci évite notamment que l'organe de fragilisation ne se coince sur la paroi du forage. Ceci évite également que l'organe de fragilisation ne pivote dans le forage, de sorte que le plan dans lequel s'étend l'organe de fragilisation ne s'étendrait plus perpendiculairement à l'axe de la colonne. La courbure du bord périphérique permet donc de maintenir la cassure de la colonne sensiblement transversale à l'axe de la colonne.This curvature allows automatic centering of the embrittlement member in the borehole when it introduces and moves in the self-hardening fluid. This in particular prevents the embrittlement member from jamming on the wall of the borehole. This also prevents the embrittlement member from pivoting in the borehole, so that the plane in which the embrittlement member extends would no longer extend perpendicular to the axis of the column. The curvature of the peripheral edge therefore makes it possible to maintain the break of the column substantially transverse to the axis of the column.
Préférentiellement, l'organe de fragilisation comprend une pluralité de branches faisant saillie radialement depuis le bras de manière à former une structure en croix. Cette structure présente l'avantage de garantir une pénétration aisée dans le fluide auto-durcissable tout en garantissant une discontinuité de matière facilitant la séparation de la colonne en deux parties.Preferably, the embrittlement member comprises a plurality of branches projecting radially from the arm so as to form a cross structure. This structure has the advantage of guaranteeing easy penetration into the self-hardening fluid while guaranteeing a discontinuity of material facilitating the separation of the column into two parts.
L'organe de fragilisation comprend de préférence un nombre pair de branches. De préférence, lesdites branches forment une structure symétrique par rapport à la direction longitudinale du bras, considérées dans le plan transversal à ladite direction longitudinale.The embrittlement member preferably comprises an even number of branches. Preferably, said branches form a structure symmetrical with respect to the longitudinal direction of the arm, considered in the plane transverse to said longitudinal direction.
De manière non limitative, l'organe de fragilisation peut comprendre quatre branches.Without limitation, the embrittlement member may include four branches.
De préférence, l'organe de fragilisation comprend au moins deux branches adjacentes s'étendant perpendiculairement l'une par rapport à l'autre. Avantageusement, l'organe de fragilisation forme un support sur lequel au moins une partie du poids de la tête de colonne peut être réparti uniformément. Ceci réduit le risque que l'organe de fragilisation ne se déforme ou se casse lorsqu'il porte la tête de colonne.Preferably, the embrittlement member comprises at least two adjacent branches extending perpendicularly to one another. Advantageously, the embrittlement member forms a support on which at least part of the weight of the column head can be distributed uniformly. This reduces the risk that the embrittlement member will deform or break when it carries the column head.
Encore de préférence, chacune des branches de l'organe de fragilisation est perpendiculaires aux branches directement adjacentes, de manière à former une croix grecque.More preferably, each of the branches of the embrittlement member is perpendicular to the directly adjacent branches, so as to form a Greek cross.
De manière avantageuse, l'organe de fragilisation comprend au moins une première zone sans matière formée entre deux branches adjacentes. Un intérêt est là-encore de faciliter l'introduction et le déplacement de l'organe de fragilisation dans le fluide auto-durcissable, lorsque ce dernier est encore frais.Advantageously, the embrittlement member comprises at least a first zone without material formed between two adjacent branches. There is again an interest in facilitating the introduction and movement of the embrittlement member in the self-hardening fluid, when the latter is still fresh.
Avantageusement, l'organe de fragilisation comprend une bande circulaire reliant les branches entre elles tout en définissant des ouvertures entre les branches. Un intérêt est de rigidifier les branches afin d'éviter qu'elles ne se déforment ou ne se cassent. De manière non limitative, cette bande circulaire permet également de supporter, au moins en partie, le poids de la tête de colonne.Advantageously, the embrittlement member comprises a circular band connecting the branches together while defining openings between the branches. One advantage is to stiffen the branches in order to prevent them from deforming or breaking. Without limitation, this circular band also makes it possible to support, at least in part, the weight of the column head.
Préférentiellement, la bande circulaire relie entre elles les extrémités des branches. La bande circulaire permet de protéger les extrémités distales des branches. Elle améliore en outre le guidage de l'organe de fragilisation lors du déplacement de ce dernier dans le fluide auto-durcissable.Preferably, the circular strip connects the ends of the branches together. The circular band protects the distal ends of the branches. It also improves the guiding of the embrittlement member during movement of the latter in the self-hardening fluid.
L'invention porte également sur un procédé d'arasement d'une colonne comprenant les étapes selon lesquelles :
- on fournit un dispositif d'arasement tel que précédemment décrit ;
- on injecte un fluide auto-durcissable dans un forage ;
- on introduit le dispositif d'arasement dans le fluide auto-durcissable, avant solidification, jusqu'à une profondeur prédéterminée afin de noyer l'organe de fragilisation dans ledit fluide auto-durcissable, l'organe de fragilisation délimitant une partie supérieure de colonne d'une partie inférieure de colonne; puis
- lorsque le fluide auto-durcissable est solidifié, formant alors la colonne, on exerce un effort sur la partie supérieure de colonne afin de séparer ladite partie supérieure de colonne de ladite partie inférieure de colonne.
- providing a leveling device as previously described;
- a self-hardening fluid is injected into a borehole;
- the leveling device is introduced into the self-hardening fluid, before solidification, to a predetermined depth in order to drown the weakening member in said self-hardening fluid, the weakening member delimiting an upper part of the column d 'a lower column; then
- when the self-hardening fluid is solidified, then forming the column, a force is exerted on the upper column part in order to separate said upper column part from said lower column part.
De préférence, l'étape de séparation de ladite partie supérieure de colonne de ladite partie inférieure de colonne est réalisée en tirant sur le bras.Preferably, the step of separating said upper column part from said lower column part is carried out by pulling on the arm.
L'invention sera mieux comprise à la lecture de la description qui suit de modes de réalisation de l'invention donnés à titre d'exemples non limitatifs, en référence aux dessins annexés, sur lesquels :
- la
figure 1 illustre un premier mode de réalisation d'un dispositif d'arasement selon l'invention; - la
figure 2 illustre le dispositif d'arasement de lafigure 1 en vue de côté; - la
figure 3 illustre l'organe de fragilisation du dispositif d'arasement de lafigure 1 , en vue de dessus ; - la
figure 4 illustre une première étape d'un procédé d'arasement d'une colonne mis en oeuvre à l'aide d'un dispositif d'arasement selon l'invention ; - la
figure 5 illustre une deuxième étape du procédé d'arasement ; - la
figure 6 illustre une troisième étape du procédé d'arasement ; - la
figure 7 illustre une quatrième étape du procédé d'arasement ; - la
figure 8 illustre une cinquième étape du procédé d'arasement ; - la
figure 9 illustre une sixième étape du procédé d'arasement ; - la
figure 10 illustre une septième étape du procédé d'arasement ; - la
figure 11 illustre la cassure de la colonne au niveau d'arase ; - la
figure 12 illustre une huitième étape du procédé d'arasement ; - la
figure 13 illustre une vue de dessous de la tête de colonne extraite du forage ; et - la
figure 14 illustre un second mode de réalisation d'un dispositif d'arasement selon l'invention.
- the
figure 1 illustrates a first embodiment of a leveling device according to the invention; - the
figure 2 illustrates the leveling device of thefigure 1 in side view; - the
figure 3 illustrates the weakening member of the leveling device of thefigure 1 , seen from above; - the
figure 4 illustrates a first step of a leveling process of a column implemented using a leveling device according to the invention; - the
figure 5 illustrates a second step in the leveling process; - the
figure 6 illustrates a third step in the leveling process; - the
figure 7 illustrates a fourth step in the leveling process; - the
figure 8 illustrates a fifth step in the leveling process; - the
figure 9 illustrates a sixth step of the leveling process; - the
figure 10 illustrates a seventh step of the leveling process; - the
figure 11 illustrates the break of the column at the level; - the
figure 12 illustrates an eighth step of the leveling process; - the
figure 13 illustrates a bottom view of the column head extracted from the borehole; and - the
figure 14 illustrates a second embodiment of a leveling device according to the invention.
L'invention porte sur un dispositif d'arasement d'une colonne réalisée dans un sol. Ce dispositif d'arasement permet de séparer ladite colonne en une partie inférieure, destinée à rester dans le sol, et une partie supérieure, appelée tête de colonne, destinée à être extraite du sol.The invention relates to a device for leveling a column made in a ground. This leveling device makes it possible to separate said column into a lower part, intended to remain in the ground, and an upper part, called column head, intended to be extracted from the ground.
Un premier mode de réalisation d'un dispositif d'arasement 10 d'une colonne C, selon l'invention est représenté en
Comme on peut le voir sur la
L'organe de fragilisation 30 est monté à l'extrémité distale 20b du bras 20 de sorte qu'il est solidaire dudit bras 20 et forme un ensemble monobloc avec ledit bras.The
La
Dans cet exemple non limitatif, les branches sont sensiblement identiques et présentent toutes sensiblement la même longueur.In this nonlimiting example, the branches are substantially identical and all have substantially the same length.
Les première, deuxième, troisième et quatrième branches 32,34,36,38 présentent respectivement des première, deuxième, troisième et quatrième extrémités distales 32b,34b,36b,38b distantes du bras 20. L'ensemble de ces extrémités distales forme un bord périphérique 40 de l'organe de fragilisation. En outre, tel que montré en
Sur la
Toujours considéré dans le plan P, l'organe de fragilisation présente une superficie inférieure à la moitié de la superficie du disque D. Dans cet exemple non limitatif, la superficie de l'organe de fragilisation 20 est environ égale à un tiers de la superficie du disque D. Aussi, des zones sans matière 42,44,46,48 sont formées entre les branches adjacentes.Still considered in the plane P , the embrittlement member has an area less than half the area of the disc D. In this nonlimiting example, the area of the
L'organe de fragilisation comprend une surface supérieure 37 dirigée vers l'extrémité proximale 20a du bras. Il comprend également une surface inférieure 39 opposée à la surface supérieure 37. Cette surface inférieure 37 est recouverte d'une couche antiadhésive 50, par exemple une laque ou une peinture pour métaux.The embrittlement member comprises an
Les
Selon une première étape non limitative illustrée en
La
Le dispositif d'arasement 10 est alors amené en regard du forage, comme illustré en
Tandis que le fluide auto-durcissable est toujours frais, on introduit le dispositif d'arasement 10 selon l'invention dans le forage F, de manière à le plonger dans le fluide auto-durcissable, comme illustré en
En variante, il peut être envisagé d'exercer sur le bras 20 du dispositif d'arasement 10 un effort orienté selon la direction du forage F, vers le bas, afin de pousser le dispositif d'arasement 10 dans le fluide auto-durcissable, vers le fond du forage. Ceci permet d'accélérer la descente du dispositif d'arasement dans le fluide auto-durcissable.As a variant, it can be envisaged to exert on the
La pénétration de l'organe de fragilisation 30 dans le fluide auto-durcissable est améliorée par les zones ajourées 42,44,46,48 situées entre les branches 32,34,36,38. En effet, ces zones sans matière permettent de réduire les frottements entre l'organe de fragilisation et le fluide auto-durcissable. L'introduction du dispositif d'arasement 10 dans le forage est donc facilitée.The penetration of the
De plus, la courbure du bord périphérique 40 de l'organe de fragilisation 30 permet de centrer automatiquement ledit organe de fragilisation par rapport au forage F, lors de son déplacement dans ledit forage. On constate que puisque l'organe de fragilisation est inscrit dans un disque D dont le diamètre est inférieur à celui du forage, les dimensions transversales dudit organe de forage sont également inférieures au diamètre du forage. Aussi, l'organe de fragilisation 30 n'entre pas en contact avec la paroi latérale du forage ou, à tout le moins, ne se coince pas dans le forage.In addition, the curvature of the
L'organe de fragilisation est alors descendu jusqu'à la profondeur P1 souhaitée, correspondant au niveau d'arase choisi, et se trouve alors noyé dans le fluide auto-durcissable.The embrittlement member is then lowered to the desired depth P 1 , corresponding to the level of leveling chosen, and is then embedded in the self-hardening fluid.
Une portion d'extrémité supérieure 21 du bras de levage, sur laquelle est montée l'élément de préhension 22, est avantageusement maintenue hors du fluide auto-durcissable et hors du forage F. Une portion d'extrémité inférieure 23 du bras 20 est noyée dans le fluide auto-durcissable.An
La profondeur P1 atteinte par le dispositif de fragilisation 30 peut facilement être déterminée à partir de la longueur connue du bras 20 et de la longueur de ladite partie d'extrémité supérieure 21 du bras faisant saillie hors du fluide auto-durcissable. En variante, il peut être fait usage d'un niveau laser et d'une mire montée sur la partie supérieure du bras, pour déterminer la profondeur P1 .The depth P 1 reached by the
Lorsque l'organe de fragilisation atteint la profondeur P1 voulue, montrée en
Ladite solidification est illustrée par le passage de la
Les branches 32,34,36,38 de l'organe de fragilisation 30 créent une discontinuité de matière dans la colonne C, formant ainsi une prédécoupe fragilisant la colonne C au niveau de l'organe de fragilisation.The
On exerce alors un effort de traction sur le bras 20, vers le haut. En variante, l'effort pourrait être un effort latéral. Dans cet exemple non limitatif, le dispositif de levage 64 tire sur l'élément de préhension 22 du bras, ce qui a pour effet de lever conjointement le bras et l'organe de fragilisation qui sont solidaires.A tensile force is then exerted on the
Dans la mesure où la colonne C est fragilisée au niveau de l'organe de fragilisation 30, la traction exercée sur le bras 20 génère une cassure nette localisée au niveau dudit élément de fragilisation.Insofar as the column C is weakened at the level of the weakening
Plus précisément, comme illustré en
L'organe de fragilisation 30 et le bras 20 restent bloqués au moins en partie dans la tête de colonne C1 tandis qu'ils sont totalement désolidarisés du corps de colonne C2. Le bras 30 est alors ancré dans la tête de colonne de sorte que ladite tête de colonne peut être soulevée sans qu'elle ne glisse le long du bras ou ne s'en détache. L'organe de fragilisation 30 supporte en outre au moins partiellement la tête de colonne C1.The
En tirant davantage sur le bras 20, le dispositif d'arasement 10 est levé et la tête de colonne C1, supportée par l'organe de fragilisation 30 et par le bras 20 ancré, est extraite du forage F. Comme illustré en
La
On constate que le disque D dans lequel est inscrit l'organe de fragilisation 30 correspond à la section transversale de la tête de colonne C1. Aussi, le diamètre d1 du disque D est sensiblement égal au diamètre de la colonne. Par conséquent, le diamètre d1 du disque D et donc de l'organe de fragilisation 30 est légèrement inférieur au diamètre du forage. Un intérêt est d'éviter que l'organe de fragilisation 30 ne touche la paroi latérale du forage F lors de l'introduction de l'organe de fragilisation dans le forage et éventuellement lors de l'extraction de la tête de colonne C2. L'extraction de ladite tête de colonne C2 est donc facilitée.It can be seen that the disk D in which the
La
Claims (16)
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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FR1859355A FR3086956B1 (en) | 2018-10-09 | 2018-10-09 | COLUMN STRIPPING DEVICE |
Publications (2)
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EP3636839A1 true EP3636839A1 (en) | 2020-04-15 |
EP3636839B1 EP3636839B1 (en) | 2024-02-28 |
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EP19197209.0A Active EP3636839B1 (en) | 2018-10-09 | 2019-09-13 | Device for levelling a column |
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EP (1) | EP3636839B1 (en) |
DK (1) | DK3636839T3 (en) |
FR (1) | FR3086956B1 (en) |
Citations (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPS58210211A (en) * | 1982-05-31 | 1983-12-07 | Hasegawa Komuten Co Ltd | Treatment of extra-banking concrete in head of on-site concrete pile |
JPS61191717A (en) * | 1985-02-20 | 1986-08-26 | Mitsui Constr Co Ltd | Disposing device for extra-banking concrete of cast-in-place pile |
CN104234038A (en) | 2014-03-03 | 2014-12-24 | 王磊 | Bored concrete pile construction technology without breaking of pile head |
FR3032730A1 (en) | 2015-02-13 | 2016-08-19 | Soletanche Freyssinet | DEVICE FOR PRE-CUTTING A COLUMN FOR A FLOOR |
Family Cites Families (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPS5336911A (en) * | 1976-09-17 | 1978-04-05 | Taisei Corp | Method of cutting head of casttin place reinforced concrete pile |
JP6475553B2 (en) * | 2015-04-15 | 2019-02-27 | 戸田建設株式会社 | Pile head processing method and frozen crushing pipe |
-
2018
- 2018-10-09 FR FR1859355A patent/FR3086956B1/en active Active
-
2019
- 2019-09-13 DK DK19197209.0T patent/DK3636839T3/en active
- 2019-09-13 EP EP19197209.0A patent/EP3636839B1/en active Active
Patent Citations (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPS58210211A (en) * | 1982-05-31 | 1983-12-07 | Hasegawa Komuten Co Ltd | Treatment of extra-banking concrete in head of on-site concrete pile |
JPS61191717A (en) * | 1985-02-20 | 1986-08-26 | Mitsui Constr Co Ltd | Disposing device for extra-banking concrete of cast-in-place pile |
CN104234038A (en) | 2014-03-03 | 2014-12-24 | 王磊 | Bored concrete pile construction technology without breaking of pile head |
FR3032730A1 (en) | 2015-02-13 | 2016-08-19 | Soletanche Freyssinet | DEVICE FOR PRE-CUTTING A COLUMN FOR A FLOOR |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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FR3086956A1 (en) | 2020-04-10 |
EP3636839B1 (en) | 2024-02-28 |
DK3636839T3 (en) | 2024-04-22 |
FR3086956B1 (en) | 2022-06-10 |
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