EP3517268B1 - Installation device - Google Patents

Installation device Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3517268B1
EP3517268B1 EP19155066.4A EP19155066A EP3517268B1 EP 3517268 B1 EP3517268 B1 EP 3517268B1 EP 19155066 A EP19155066 A EP 19155066A EP 3517268 B1 EP3517268 B1 EP 3517268B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
spacers
reinforcement structure
supporting
method step
positions
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Active
Application number
EP19155066.4A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP3517268A1 (en
Inventor
Helmut Stofner
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Progress Holding AG
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Progress Holding AG
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Publication date
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Publication of EP3517268A1 publication Critical patent/EP3517268A1/en
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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
    • B28B—SHAPING CLAY OR OTHER CERAMIC COMPOSITIONS; SHAPING SLAG; SHAPING MIXTURES CONTAINING CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
    • B28B15/00—General arrangement or layout of plant ; Industrial outlines or plant installations
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
    • B28B—SHAPING CLAY OR OTHER CERAMIC COMPOSITIONS; SHAPING SLAG; SHAPING MIXTURES CONTAINING CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
    • B28B23/00—Arrangements specially adapted for the production of shaped articles with elements wholly or partly embedded in the moulding material; Production of reinforced objects
    • B28B23/02—Arrangements specially adapted for the production of shaped articles with elements wholly or partly embedded in the moulding material; Production of reinforced objects wherein the elements are reinforcing members
    • B28B23/022—Means for inserting reinforcing members into the mould or for supporting them in the mould
    • B28B23/024—Supporting means
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
    • B28B—SHAPING CLAY OR OTHER CERAMIC COMPOSITIONS; SHAPING SLAG; SHAPING MIXTURES CONTAINING CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
    • B28B15/00—General arrangement or layout of plant ; Industrial outlines or plant installations
    • B28B15/005—Machines using pallets co-operating with a bottomless mould; Feeding or discharging means for pallets
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
    • B28B—SHAPING CLAY OR OTHER CERAMIC COMPOSITIONS; SHAPING SLAG; SHAPING MIXTURES CONTAINING CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
    • B28B17/00—Details of, or accessories for, apparatus for shaping the material; Auxiliary measures taken in connection with such shaping
    • B28B17/0063—Control arrangements
    • B28B17/0081—Process control
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
    • B28B—SHAPING CLAY OR OTHER CERAMIC COMPOSITIONS; SHAPING SLAG; SHAPING MIXTURES CONTAINING CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
    • B28B23/00—Arrangements specially adapted for the production of shaped articles with elements wholly or partly embedded in the moulding material; Production of reinforced objects
    • B28B23/0056—Means for inserting the elements into the mould or supporting them in the mould
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
    • B28B—SHAPING CLAY OR OTHER CERAMIC COMPOSITIONS; SHAPING SLAG; SHAPING MIXTURES CONTAINING CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
    • B28B23/00—Arrangements specially adapted for the production of shaped articles with elements wholly or partly embedded in the moulding material; Production of reinforced objects
    • B28B23/02—Arrangements specially adapted for the production of shaped articles with elements wholly or partly embedded in the moulding material; Production of reinforced objects wherein the elements are reinforcing members
    • B28B23/022—Means for inserting reinforcing members into the mould or for supporting them in the mould
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
    • E04C5/00—Reinforcing elements, e.g. for concrete; Auxiliary elements therefor
    • E04C5/16—Auxiliary parts for reinforcements, e.g. connectors, spacers, stirrups
    • E04C5/20—Auxiliary parts for reinforcements, e.g. connectors, spacers, stirrups of material other than metal or with only additional metal parts, e.g. concrete or plastics spacers with metal binding wires
    • E04C5/203—Circular and spherical spacers
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
    • E04C5/00—Reinforcing elements, e.g. for concrete; Auxiliary elements therefor
    • E04C5/01—Reinforcing elements of metal, e.g. with non-structural coatings
    • E04C5/02—Reinforcing elements of metal, e.g. with non-structural coatings of low bending resistance
    • E04C5/04—Mats

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an arrangement of spacers for supporting a reinforcement structure and an automatic laying machine for carrying out a supporting method.
  • spacers in the form of e.g. rings of different sizes or plastic strips are manually placed on a substrate and the reinforcement elements are then arranged on these.
  • the manual positioning of the spacers is based on empirical values, which means that sometimes too many spacers are used. This increases the risk of cavities forming, since the spacers are encased with the concrete together with the reinforcement elements, which has a negative effect on the quality of the precast concrete part to be produced.
  • higher costs are caused as a result, since on the one hand unnecessary spacers are consumed and on the other hand increased effort is required when recycling the precast concrete parts in order to extract the spacers from the precast concrete part again.
  • a coating compound is used to create spacers on which grids are placed.
  • the coating composition consists of a swellable material (e.g. plastic foam) that is applied to a building board in the form of dots or lines.
  • the grids for the plate production are then arranged on the hardened coating mass.
  • a device which comprises a movable carriage which moves along a Y-coordinate and perpendicular to an X-coordinate.
  • Various built-in parts can be arranged on a pallet using a gripper arranged on the carriage.
  • the gripper must fetch each built-in part individually from a magazine, which is arranged on the carriage, before it is placed.
  • the object of the present invention is therefore to specify an arrangement of spacers for supporting a reinforcement structure and an automatic laying machine for carrying out an improved supporting method compared to the prior art, the supporting method being characterized in particular by an improved quality of the precast concrete parts, cost savings and more environmentally friendly recycling which characterizes precast concrete elements.
  • the data provided in the course of the first method step for a reinforcement structure designed for the precast concrete part to be produced can For example, the structure, geometry and weight of the reinforcement structure.
  • the reinforcement structures used are made up of longitudinal bars, transverse bars and/or lattice girders, and depending on the precast concrete part, recesses can be provided, for example for windows or doors.
  • the outer contours of the reinforcement structure can already reflect the outer contours of the precast concrete part to be produced, ie for example inclined surfaces or the like.
  • Lattice girders that are used usually have an upper and a lower chord arrangement and diagonal chords running in between. The exact construction of the trusses may also form part of the data provided.
  • the diameter and the material composition of the transverse and longitudinal bars or lattice girders used also play a role, as well as the relative arrangement of these elements to one another.
  • All of this data can be provided during the first step of the process, e.g. in the form of a CAD file.
  • the data are generated by a program-controlled electronic computer system in the course of the first method step.
  • the term “providing” also includes the solution, which is not according to the invention, in which the data is retrieved from a database. This is the same program-controlled electronic computer system that is also used in the second step of the process.
  • the calculation of the positions for supporting the reinforcement structure carried out in the course of the second method step can, in addition to the data of the reinforcement structure provided in the course of the first method step, also take into account other parameters, such as the load-bearing capacity of the spacers used to support the reinforcement structure.
  • the positions can be calculated in different ways: It makes sense, for example, that different precast element types are treated in a diversified manner. For example, one could design an algorithm suitable for position calculation based on simplified static models tailored to each element type.
  • the reinforcement structure when calculating the positions for supporting the reinforcement structure in the course of the second method step, can be subdivided into bearing areas, with each bearing area preferably being assigned exactly one spacer. It has proven to be advantageous to iteratively shift the limits of the load-bearing areas when calculating the positions for supporting the reinforcement structure in the course of the second method step.
  • the placement can be done manually, with a marking device being able to be used to mark the positions.
  • a marking device can be, for example, a plotter or a modulated line laser or the like.
  • the placement takes place automatically by means of an automatic laying machine.
  • a reinforcement structure manufactured according to the data is then placed on the positioned spacers. This essentially completes the support procedure for supporting a rebar structure.
  • the reinforcement structure placed on the spacers - together with the spacers - is embedded in a concrete mass in a subsequent process step.
  • the spacers are preferably placed on a pallet provided with formwork elements and the manufacturing method is carried out in a pallet circulation system.
  • an automatic laying device for carrying out the support method, the automatic laying device comprising at least one placement device that can be moved in the longitudinal direction and/or transverse direction and a control unit that is designed to control the at least one placement device in such a way that a spacer is placed at a precalculated position becomes.
  • the control unit is the program-controlled electronic computer system used in the course of the second method step.
  • the at least one placement device comprises at least one device for detecting the height of the spacers, preferably using a laser. This ensures that spacers are laid at a suitable height for a given concrete cover. Operating errors when manually refilling spacers of the wrong type can be detected in this way and subsequent negative consequences can be avoided.
  • the support method 21 for supporting a reinforcement structure can be integrated into a production process 22 for the production of precast concrete parts, with the reinforcement structure placed on the spacers being embedded in a concrete mass in a subsequent process step 27 following process steps 23 to 26 of the support process 21.
  • Figure 2a shows schematically in a plan view an example of a reinforcement structure 1, which is designed for the production of a precast concrete part in the form of a polystyrene ceiling.
  • the reinforcement structure 1 is composed of a plurality of longitudinal bars 28, transverse bars 29 oriented essentially perpendicular thereto, and lattice girders 30, which can be constructed, for example, from an upper and a lower chord arrangement and diagonal chords running in between.
  • the data for this reinforcement structure 1 are made available in the course of the first method step 23 .
  • positions 33 and 34 (cf Figure 2b ) to support the reinforcement structure 1 depending on the data provided for the reinforcement structure 1.
  • the element type is dominated by the five longitudinal lines on which the longitudinal reinforcement is concentrated and on which the lattice girders 30 are arranged.
  • a sensible assumption as a starting point for the calculation is therefore to position the spacers 4 exclusively along these five main lines in the longitudinal direction 33 .
  • a plurality of spacers 4 are then distributed along these longitudinal lines as a test and the sagging behavior of these longitudinal lines is approximately calculated—without taking account of the transverse bars 29—and compared with specified limit values.
  • the positions 33, 34 of the spacers 4 are shifted iteratively, the sagging behavior is calculated again and compared with limit values, namely until one has determined a maximum distance 31 of the first spacer 4 from the start of the reinforcement structure 1 and the maximum distance 32 of the spacers 4 to one another along the longitudinal line with a still tolerable sagging behavior.
  • the values 31 and 32 are calculated with a certain tolerance, which is dependent on the distance 44 of the crossbars 29, since for static reasons it makes sense not to place the spacers 4 exactly on the positions specified by 31 and 32, but on the move to the nearest crossing point.
  • this calculation method it is possible to calculate a set of essentially optimal positions 33, 34 for supporting the reinforcement structure 1 depending on the data provided for the reinforcement structure 1, with this set of positions 33, 34 having a minimum number of spacers 4 with a simultaneously tolerable To ensure sagging behavior of the reinforcement structure 1, which subsequently affects the quality of the precast concrete part to be produced.
  • a reinforcement structure 1 manufactured according to the data is placed on the spacers 4.
  • the result of this third and fourth method step 25 and 26 is shown schematically in Figure 2b shown, with the inner contours of formwork elements 10 also being indicated, which corresponds to the outer contour of a precast concrete part produced by embedding the reinforcement structure 1 placed on the spacers 4 in a concrete mass and curing the concrete mass.
  • Figure 3a shows another example of a reinforcement structure 2 in the form of a mat that is made up of longitudinal bars 28 and transverse bars 29 .
  • the mat has a cutout 35 for a window and a cutout 36 for a door as well as an inclined surface 43 .
  • this reinforcement structure 2 are made available in the form of CAD data.
  • positions 33 and 34 for supporting the reinforcement structure 2 are calculated in a program-controlled electronic computer system as a function of the data provided for the reinforcement structure 2.
  • each support area 5 is assigned exactly one spacer 4, which carries at least one transverse bar 29 or longitudinal bar 28.
  • Each of these supporting bars hangs down from the point of support. This sagging is essentially dependent on the dead weight of the supporting bar and the weight of the welded-on supporting bars.
  • a parameterizable maximum torque may not be exceeded, whereby the torque depends on the diameter of the supporting rods.
  • the load of the supported bars is distributed to all supporting bars.
  • Each load-bearing bar resting on a spacer is calculated.
  • each supported bar is considered as a supporting bar and calculated until all bars are supported. The deflection of the supported bars depends on their diameter and the weight of the bars welded to them and the resulting torque.
  • This calculation is carried out for support areas 5, in each of which a spacer 4 is arranged.
  • the division into the load-bearing areas 5 takes place, for example, starting from one side of the reinforcement structure 2.
  • the initial size of each load-bearing area 5 can be parameterized.
  • the size of the support areas 5 is changed iteratively during the calculation in order to come as close as possible to the specified torque limit.
  • the limits 16 of each load-bearing area 5 are defined on the one hand by the limits of the reinforcement structure 2 outside and inside (recesses for windows, doors or the like) and on the other hand by the calculated loads and the resulting limits to other load-bearing areas 5.
  • spacers 4 with a grid-like support surface 40 in which openings are provided and with several supports 42 protruding from the support surface 40, which are attached both at the outer edge and in the middle area of the bearing surface 40 can be arranged, with a fictitious volume of the spacer 4 being defined by the bearing surface 40 and the outer supports 42 (cf figure 4 ).
  • Some of the openings in the support surface 40 are arranged in such a way that they offer at least space for supports 42 of a further spacer 4 of the same construction and thus at least two spacers 4 can be stacked one inside the other and the common notional volume of the stacked spacers 4 is greater than the notional volume of a spacer 4 is insignificantly enlarged, with the stacked spacers 4 basically being in the same position and only being twisted relative to one another or offset laterally, so that their contact surfaces 40 lie parallel to one another.
  • the grid-like support surface 40 is round in the present case.
  • the supports 42 form the gauge that defines the concrete cover. Depending on the required concrete cover of the reinforcement structures 1, 2, the supports 42 can be longer or shorter.
  • FIG 4 a stack of spacers 4 designed in this way and arranged one above the other or one inside the other is shown.
  • the stacked spacers 4 can be temporarily stored in a separating device 8.
  • This separating device 8 consists of a centering tube 37 with which the spacers 4 are held centrally. The spacers 4 are held up by a stopper 39 .
  • the stack of spacers lies on the stopper 39.
  • a separator 38 further separates the bottom spacer 4 from the second-lowest spacer.
  • the spacers 4 In order to enable the stopper 39 or the separator 38 to engage, the spacers 4 have an annular projection 45 on the peripheral side.
  • the stopper 39 is moved radially outwards so that the spacer 4 with the projection 45 no longer rests on the stopper 39 (cf. Figure 5b ).
  • the stopper 39 is moved back into its original position (cf. Figure 5c ).
  • the separator 38 is then moved radially outwards. As a result, the stack of spacers falls down onto the stopper 39 (cf. Figure 5d ). Finally, the separator 38 returns to its original position Figure 5a moved back.
  • a marking device can be provided, which can be a plotter, for example, which plots the calculated positions 33, 34 of the spacers 4 marked on a palette.
  • the marking device can also include a laser that can be modulated, with which the calculated positions 33, 34 for the spacers 4 are displayed either sequentially one after the other or simultaneously.
  • an operator can then place the spacers 4 manually at the calculated positions 33, 34, which are marked by the marking device.
  • the spacers 4 are placed at the calculated positions 33, 34 in the course of the third method step 25 by means of an automatic laying machine.
  • Figure 6a shows an example of such a laying machine 6, which is designed to be stationary. This means that a pallet 11, on which spacers 4 are to be placed at calculated positions 33, 34, is moved relative to the stationary automatic laying machine 6.
  • the pallets 11 are moved lengthwise or crosswise from one cycle station to the next in the pallet circulation system. In the example shown, the pallet 11 is moved in the longitudinal direction 33.
  • Two placement devices 19, each of which has one of the above-described separating devices 8, are provided for depositing spacers 4 at the precalculated positions 33, 34.
  • the pallet 11 is moved in the longitudinal direction 33 and one of the placement devices 19 is moved in the transverse direction 34 along a crossbeam 17.
  • a control unit 20 for controlling the movements of the positioning devices 19 is provided. According to a preferred embodiment, this control unit 20 can also control the movement of the pallet 11 .
  • the control unit 20 is the program-controlled electronic computing system 3 which, in the course of the second method step 24, calculates the positions 33, 34 for supporting the reinforcement structure 1, 2 as a function of the data provided for the reinforcement structure 1, 2.
  • such a stationary automatic laying machine 6 can also be provided with several parallel beams, which are arranged transversely to the direction of travel of the pallet 11 and on which one or more placing devices 19 are movably mounted.
  • Figure 6b shows schematically an example of an automatic laying machine 7 designed to be movable.
  • the pallet 11 remains in a specific position during the positioning of the spacers 4 at the calculated positions 33, 34 and the placement devices 19 become relative both in the longitudinal direction 33 and in the transverse direction 34 proceed to pallet 11.
  • a plurality of parallel beams on which one or more placement devices 19 are arranged can be provided.
  • Automatic laying machines 6, 7 shown can also include a loading station for refilling the spacers 4 to be placed in the course of the third method step 25.
  • the charging station can also be used to keep different types of spacers 4 ready, so that a change between two different types of spacers 4 is possible in a simple manner.
  • the loading station 9 includes a magazine with several, in this specific case three, turntables 12, each one Filling area 13 and a removal area 14 have.
  • the magazine can be filled with new spacers 4 on one side via the filling areas 13 of the turntable 12 by an operator, while the other half of the magazine, ie the removal areas 14 of the turntable 12, is available for the placement devices 19 to remove the spacers 4 .
  • the magazine is advantageously designed in such a way that a sufficient number of spacers 4 for daily production is stored.
  • a placement device 19 moves over a stack of spacers that is ready in the magazine and picks them up in the separating device 8 .
  • the loading station 9 can be designed in such a way that spacers 4 with different heights are available on magazines positioned next to one another.
  • One or more drawers can also be used instead of the turntable, for example.
  • centering bolts 15 can be provided in the loading station 9, which can be inserted into a corresponding central opening 41 in the support surface 40 of the spacers 4 (cf. figure 4 ) can intervene. In this way, a stack of spacers can be stored at a predetermined storage position.
  • the placement device 19 picks up a specific stack of spacers, uses up some of the spacers 4 of the stack, i.e. places them at precalculated positions 33, 34 in the course of the third method step 25, and places the spacers 4 that have not been used up again at a storage position, to accommodate a different type of spacer, e.g. with a different height.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Automation & Control Theory (AREA)
  • Manufacturing Of Tubular Articles Or Embedded Moulded Articles (AREA)
  • Conveying And Assembling Of Building Elements In Situ (AREA)
  • Bridges Or Land Bridges (AREA)
  • Lining And Supports For Tunnels (AREA)
  • Reinforcement Elements For Buildings (AREA)

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft eine Anordnung aus Abstandhaltern zur Abstützung einer Bewehrungskonstruktion und einem Verlegeautomaten zur Durchführung eines Abstützverfahrens.The invention relates to an arrangement of spacers for supporting a reinforcement structure and an automatic laying machine for carrying out a supporting method.

Um bei der Herstellung von Betonfertigteilen sicherzustellen, dass die darin eingelagerten Bewehrungselemente eine ausreichende Betonüberdeckung aufweisen, werden auf einem Untergrund manuell Abstandhalter in Form von z.B. verschieden großen Ringen oder Kunststoffstreifen abgelegt und auf diesen dann die Bewehrungselemente angeordnet. Dabei erfolgt die manuelle Positionierung der Abstandhalter anhand von Erfahrungswerten, was zur Folge hat, dass zum Teil zu viele Abstandhalter verwendet werden. Dadurch erhöht sich die Gefahr für die Bildung von Hohlräumen, da die Abstandhalter zusammen mit den Bewehrungselementen mit dem Beton ummantelt werden, was sich nachteilig auf die Qualität des herzustellenden Betonfertigteils auswirkt. Außerdem werden hierdurch höhere Kosten verursacht, da zum einen unnötige Abstandhalter verbraucht werden und zum anderen beim Recycling der Betonfertigteile ein erhöhter Aufwand notwendig ist, um die Abstandhalter wieder aus dem Betonfertigteil zu extrahieren.In order to ensure during the production of precast concrete elements that the reinforcement elements embedded in them have a sufficient concrete cover, spacers in the form of e.g. rings of different sizes or plastic strips are manually placed on a substrate and the reinforcement elements are then arranged on these. The manual positioning of the spacers is based on empirical values, which means that sometimes too many spacers are used. This increases the risk of cavities forming, since the spacers are encased with the concrete together with the reinforcement elements, which has a negative effect on the quality of the precast concrete part to be produced. In addition, higher costs are caused as a result, since on the one hand unnecessary spacers are consumed and on the other hand increased effort is required when recycling the precast concrete parts in order to extract the spacers from the precast concrete part again.

Aus der DE 4135581 A1 ist eine Erfindung bekannt, bei der mithilfe einer Beschichtungsmasse Abstandhalter erzeugt werden, auf denen Gitter platziert werden. Die Beschichtungsmasse besteht aus einem quellfähigen Werkstoff (z.B. Kunststoffschaum), der punkt- oder strichförmig auf einer Bauplatte aufgetragen wird. Auf der ausgehärten Beschichtungsmasse werden dann die Gitter für die Plattenherstellung angeordnet.From the DE 4135581 A1 an invention is known in which a coating compound is used to create spacers on which grids are placed. The coating composition consists of a swellable material (e.g. plastic foam) that is applied to a building board in the form of dots or lines. The grids for the plate production are then arranged on the hardened coating mass.

Aus der DE 4031384 C1 ist eine Vorrichtung bekannt, die einen bewegbaren Schlitten, der sich längs einer Y-Koordinate und senkrecht zu einer X-Koordinate bewegt, umfasst. Über einen am Schlitten angeordneten Greifer können diverse Einbauteile auf einer Palette angeordnet werden. Jedoch muss der Greifer bei dieser Vorrichtung jedes Einbauteil vor dem platzieren einzeln aus einem Magazin herausholen, welches auf dem Schlitten angeordnet ist.From the DE 4031384 C1 a device is known which comprises a movable carriage which moves along a Y-coordinate and perpendicular to an X-coordinate. Various built-in parts can be arranged on a pallet using a gripper arranged on the carriage. However, with this device, the gripper must fetch each built-in part individually from a magazine, which is arranged on the carriage, before it is placed.

Die Aufgabe der vorliegenden Erfindung besteht somit darin, eine Anordnung aus Abstandhaltern zur Abstützung einer Bewehrungskonstruktion und einem Verlegeautomaten zur Durchführung eines gegenüber dem Stand der Technik verbesserten Abstützverfahrens anzugeben, wobei sich das Abstützverfahren insbesondere durch eine verbesserte Qualität der Betonfertigteile, eine Kosteneinsparung sowie ein umweltschonenderes Recycling der Betonfertigteile auszeichnet.The object of the present invention is therefore to specify an arrangement of spacers for supporting a reinforcement structure and an automatic laying machine for carrying out an improved supporting method compared to the prior art, the supporting method being characterized in particular by an improved quality of the precast concrete parts, cost savings and more environmentally friendly recycling which characterizes precast concrete elements.

Diese Aufgabe wird durch die Merkmale des unabhängigen Anspruchs 1 gelöst.This object is solved by the features of independent claim 1.

Es ist vorgesehen, dass bei dem Abstützverfahren zur Abstützung einer Bewehrungskonstruktion bei der Herstellung von Betonfertigteilen

  • in einem ersten Verfahrensschritt Daten einer für das herzustellende Betonfertigteil ausgelegten Bewehrungskonstruktion bereitgestellt werden,
  • in einem zweiten Verfahrensschritt in einer programmgesteuerten, elektronischen Rechenanlage Positionen zur Abstützung der Bewehrungskonstruktion in Abhängigkeit der bereitgestellten Daten der Bewehrungskonstruktion berechnet werden,
  • in einem dritten Verfahrensschritt Abstandhalter an den berechneten Positionen zur Abstützung der Bewehrungskonstruktion platziert werden, und
  • in einem vierten Verfahrensschritt eine entsprechend den Daten gefertigte Bewehrungskonstruktion auf den Abstandhaltern abgelegt wird.
It is envisaged that in the support method for supporting a reinforcement structure in the production of precast concrete parts
  • In a first method step, data for a reinforcement structure designed for the precast concrete part to be produced are provided,
  • in a second method step, positions for supporting the reinforcement structure are calculated in a program-controlled, electronic computer system depending on the data provided for the reinforcement structure,
  • in a third step, spacers are placed at the calculated positions to support the reinforcement structure, and
  • in a fourth method step, a reinforcement structure manufactured according to the data is placed on the spacers.

Dadurch, dass im Zuge des zweiten Verfahrensschritts die Positionen zur Abstützung der Bewehrungskonstruktion berechnet werden und die Abstandhalter dann im Zuge des dritten Verfahrensschritts an den berechneten Positionen zur Abstützung der Bewehrungskonstruktion platziert werden, wird sichergestellt, dass eine optimale Menge an Abstandhaltern verwendet wird und diese an den optimalen Positionen angeordnet sind. Dadurch können einheitlichere Betonfertigteile mit einer bestimmten Betonüberdeckung und weniger Hohlräumen gefertigt, die Kosten reduziert und beim Recycling am Ende der Lebensdauer der Betonfertigteile die Umwelt geschont werden.The fact that the positions for supporting the reinforcement structure are calculated in the course of the second process step and the spacers are then placed at the calculated positions for support of the reinforcement structure in the course of the third process step ensures that an optimal number of spacers is used and that these are attached placed in the optimal positions. This enables more consistent precast concrete to be produced with a specified concrete cover and fewer voids, reduces costs and protects the environment from recycling at the end of the precast concrete life.

Bei den im Zuge des ersten Verfahrensschritts bereitgestellten Daten einer für das herzustellende Betonfertigteil ausgelegten Bewehrungskonstruktion kann es sich beispielsweise um den Aufbau, die Geometrie und das Gewicht der Bewehrungskonstruktion handeln. Typischerweise sind die verwendeten Bewehrungskonstruktionen aus Längsstäben, Querstäben und/oder Gitterträgern aufgebaut, wobei je nach Betonfertigteil Aussparungen z.B. für Fenster oder Türen vorgesehen sein können. Die äußeren Umrisse der Bewehrungskonstruktion können bereits die äußeren Umrisse des herzustellenden Betonfertigteils, also beispielsweise Schrägflächen oder dergleichen, widerspiegeln. Zum Einsatz kommende Gitterträger weisen in der Regel eine Ober- und eine Untergurtanordnung und dazwischen verlaufende Diagonalgurte auf. Der genaue Aufbau der Gitterträger kann ebenfalls einen Teil der bereitgestellten Daten bilden. Eine Rolle spielen auch der Durchmesser und die Materialzusammensetzung der verwendeten Quer- und Längsstäbe bzw.Gitterträger sowie die relative Anordnung dieser Elemente zueinander.The data provided in the course of the first method step for a reinforcement structure designed for the precast concrete part to be produced can For example, the structure, geometry and weight of the reinforcement structure. Typically, the reinforcement structures used are made up of longitudinal bars, transverse bars and/or lattice girders, and depending on the precast concrete part, recesses can be provided, for example for windows or doors. The outer contours of the reinforcement structure can already reflect the outer contours of the precast concrete part to be produced, ie for example inclined surfaces or the like. Lattice girders that are used usually have an upper and a lower chord arrangement and diagonal chords running in between. The exact construction of the trusses may also form part of the data provided. The diameter and the material composition of the transverse and longitudinal bars or lattice girders used also play a role, as well as the relative arrangement of these elements to one another.

All diese Daten können im Zuge des ersten Verfahrensschritts bereitgestellt werden und zwar z.B. in Form eines CAD-Files. Nach der Erfindung werden die Daten von einer programmgesteuerten elektronischen Rechenanlage im Zuge des ersten Verfahrensschritts generiert. Der Ausdruck "Bereitstellen" umfasst aber auch die nicht erfindungsgemäße Lösung, bei welcher die Daten aus einer Datenbank abgerufen werden. Dabei handelt es sich um dieselbe programmgesteuerte elektronische Rechenanlage, die auch im zweiten Verfahrensschritt zum Einsatz kommt.All of this data can be provided during the first step of the process, e.g. in the form of a CAD file. According to the invention, the data are generated by a program-controlled electronic computer system in the course of the first method step. However, the term “providing” also includes the solution, which is not according to the invention, in which the data is retrieved from a database. This is the same program-controlled electronic computer system that is also used in the second step of the process.

Die im Zuge des zweiten Verfahrensschritts durchgeführte Berechnung der Positionen zur Abstützung der Bewehrungskonstruktion kann zusätzlich zu den im Zuge des ersten Verfahrensschritts bereitgestellten Daten der Bewehrungskonstruktion auch noch weitere Parameter berücksichtigen, wie z.B. die Tragfähigkeit der zur Abstützung der Bewehrungskonstruktion verwendeten Abstandhalter.The calculation of the positions for supporting the reinforcement structure carried out in the course of the second method step can, in addition to the data of the reinforcement structure provided in the course of the first method step, also take into account other parameters, such as the load-bearing capacity of the spacers used to support the reinforcement structure.

Die Berechnung der Positionen kann auf unterschiedliche Arten durchgeführt werden: Es bietet sich zum Beispiel an, dass unterschiedliche Fertigteilelementtypen diversifiziert behandelt werden. Zum Beispiel könnte man basierend auf vereinfachten statischen Modellen, die auf den jeweiligen Elementtyp zugeschnitten sind, einen Algorithmus entwerfen, der für die Positionsberechnung geeignet ist.The positions can be calculated in different ways: It makes sense, for example, that different precast element types are treated in a diversified manner. For example, one could design an algorithm suitable for position calculation based on simplified static models tailored to each element type.

Konkret bietet es sich an, die Abstandhalter im Zuge der Berechnung zunächst an je nach Elementtyp geeignet erscheinenden Positionen zu platzieren, anschließend das Durchhängeverhalten der Bewehrungskonstruktion in Abhängigkeit der bereitgestellten Daten dieser Bewehrungskonstruktion zu bestimmen und zu prüfen, ob dieses Durchhängeverhalten vorgegebenen Grenzwerten entspricht. Je nach Ergebnis dieser Überprüfung werden dann die Positionen der Abstandhalter iterativ verschoben und erneut das Durchhängeverhalten berechnet und mit Grenzwerten verglichen. Diese Schritte werden solange durchgeführt, bis keine substantielle Verbesserung, d.h. Reduktion der Anzahl an Abstandhaltern bei gleichzeitig noch tolerierbarem Durchhängeverhalten der Bewehrungskonstruktion, mehr erzielbar ist.In concrete terms, it makes sense to first place the spacers in the course of the calculation at positions that appear suitable depending on the element type, then to determine the sagging behavior of the reinforcement construction depending on the data provided for this reinforcement construction and to check whether this sagging behavior corresponds to specified limit values. Depending on the result of this check, the positions of the spacers are then iteratively shifted and the sagging behavior is calculated again and compared with limit values. These steps are carried out until no substantial improvement can be achieved, i.e. a reduction in the number of spacers while at the same time the sagging behavior of the reinforcement structure is still tolerable.

Als günstig hat es sich auch herausgestellt, bei der Berechnung in Abhängigkeit vom Durchhängeverhalten der Bewehrungskonstruktion ausgeübte Drehmomente zu berechnen und diese mit vorgegebenen Grenzwerten zu vergleichen.It has also turned out to be advantageous to calculate the torques exerted in the calculation as a function of the sagging behavior of the reinforcement structure and to compare these with specified limit values.

Ergänzend oder alternativ kann die Bewehrungskonstruktion bei der Berechnung der Positionen zur Abstützung der Bewehrungskonstruktion im Zuge des zweiten Verfahrensschrittes in Tragebereiche unterteilt werden, wobei vorzugsweise jedem Tragebereich jeweils genau ein Abstandhalter zugeordnet wird. Dabei hat es sich als vorteilhaft erwiesen, die Grenzen der Tragebereiche bei der Berechnung der Positionen zur Abstützung der Bewehrungskonstruktion im Zuge des zweiten Verfahrensschrittes iterativ zu verschieben.Additionally or alternatively, when calculating the positions for supporting the reinforcement structure in the course of the second method step, the reinforcement structure can be subdivided into bearing areas, with each bearing area preferably being assigned exactly one spacer. It has proven to be advantageous to iteratively shift the limits of the load-bearing areas when calculating the positions for supporting the reinforcement structure in the course of the second method step.

Was die Platzierung der Abstandhalter an den berechneten Positionen im Zuge des dritten Verfahrensschritts betrifft, so haben sich folgende Lösungen als vorteilhaft herausgestellt:
Einerseits und nicht erfindungsgemäß kann die Platzierung manuell erfolgen, wobei zur Markierung der Positionen eine Markierungsvorrichtung zum Einsatz kommen kann. Bei dieser kann es sich z.B. um einen Plotter oder einen modulierten Strichlaser oder dergleichen handeln.As far as the placement of the spacers at the calculated positions in the course of the third method step is concerned, the following solutions have proven to be advantageous:
On the one hand and not according to the invention, the placement can be done manually, with a marking device being able to be used to mark the positions. This can be, for example, a plotter or a modulated line laser or the like.

Andererseits und nach der Erfindung erfolgt die Platzierung automatisch mittels eines Verlegeautomaten.On the other hand, and according to the invention, the placement takes place automatically by means of an automatic laying machine.

Im Zuge des vierten Verfahrensschritts wird dann eine entsprechend den Daten gefertigte Bewehrungskonstruktion auf den positionierten Abstandhaltern abgelegt. Damit ist das Abstützverfahren zur Abstützung einer Bewehrungskonstruktion im Wesentlichen abgeschlossen. Um nun in weiterer Folge ein Betonfertigteil herzustellen, wird in einem nachfolgenden Verfahrensschritt die auf den Abstandhaltern abgelegte Bewehrungskonstruktion - zusammen mit den Abstandhaltern - in eine Betonmasse eingebettet.In the course of the fourth process step, a reinforcement structure manufactured according to the data is then placed on the positioned spacers. This essentially completes the support procedure for supporting a rebar structure. In order to subsequently produce a precast concrete part, the reinforcement structure placed on the spacers - together with the spacers - is embedded in a concrete mass in a subsequent process step.

Bevorzugt werden die Abstandhalter im Zuge des dritten Verfahrensschritts auf einer mit Schalungselementen versehenen Palette platziert und das Herstellungsverfahren in einer Palettenumlaufanlage durchgeführt.In the course of the third method step, the spacers are preferably placed on a pallet provided with formwork elements and the manufacturing method is carried out in a pallet circulation system.

Erfindungsgemäß wird Schutz begehrt für einen Verlegeautomaten zur Durchführung des Abstützverfahrens, wobei der Verlegeautomat wenigstens eine in Längsrichtung und/oder Querrichtung verfahrbare Platziervorrichtung und eine Steuereinheit umfasst, welche dazu ausgebildet ist, die wenigstens eine Platziervorrichtung derart anzusteuern, dass ein Abstandhalter an einer vorberechneten Position abgelegt wird.According to the invention, protection is sought for an automatic laying device for carrying out the support method, the automatic laying device comprising at least one placement device that can be moved in the longitudinal direction and/or transverse direction and a control unit that is designed to control the at least one placement device in such a way that a spacer is placed at a precalculated position becomes.

Bei der Steuereinheit handelt es sich um die im Zuge des zweiten Verfahrensschritts verwendete programmgesteuerte elektronische Rechenanlage .The control unit is the program-controlled electronic computer system used in the course of the second method step.

Vorteilhafterweise umfasst die wenigstens eine Platziervorrichtung wenigstens eine Vorrichtung zur Erfassung der Höhe der Abstandhalter, vorzusgweise unter Einsatz eines Lasermittels. So wird sichergestellt, dass Abstandhalter mit einer für eine vorgegebene Betonüberdeckung passenden Höhe verlegt werden. Bedienfehler beim manuellen Nachfüllen von Abstandhaltern eines falschen Typs können auf diese Weise erkannt und daraus in weiterer Folge erwachsende negative Konsequenzen vermieden werden.Advantageously, the at least one placement device comprises at least one device for detecting the height of the spacers, preferably using a laser. This ensures that spacers are laid at a suitable height for a given concrete cover. Operating errors when manually refilling spacers of the wrong type can be detected in this way and subsequent negative consequences can be avoided.

Vorteilhafte Ausführungsformen der Erfindung sind in den abhängigen Ansprüchen 2 - 7 definiert.Advantageous embodiments of the invention are defined in the dependent claims 2-7.

Weitere Einzelheiten und Vorteile der vorliegenden Erfindung werden anhand der Figurenbeschreibung unter Bezugnahme auf die Zeichnungen im Folgenden näher erläutert. Darin zeigt:

Fig. 1
ein Flussdiagramm zur Veranschaulichung der einzelnen Schritte des Abstütz- bzw. Herstellungsverfahrens,
Fig. 2a
eine beispielhafte Bewehrungskonstruktion, anhand derer eine mögliche Berechnungsstrategie zur Berechnung der Positionen für die Abstandhalter beschrieben wird,
Fig. 2b
die Bewehrungskonstruktion gemäß Figur 2a abgestützt mit einer Reihe von Abstandhaltern,
Fig. 3a
ein weiteres Beispiel einer Bewehrungskonstruktion abgestützt mit einer Reihe von Abstandhaltern,
Fig. 3b
einen Ausschnitt aus der Bewehrungskonstruktion gemäß Figur 3a,
Fig. 4
eine Vereinzelungsvorrichtung zur Zwischenspeicherung von zu platzierenden Abstandhaltern,
Fig. 5a - 5d
eine Abfolge von Stellungen der Vereinzelungsvorrichtung zur Illustration ihrer Wirkungsweise,
Fig. 6a
eine bevorzugte Ausführungsform eines stationären Verlegeautomaten zur Durchführung des Abstützverfahrens,
Fig. 6b
ein bevorzugtes Ausführungsbeispiel eines verfahrbaren Verlegeautomaten zur Durchführung des Abstützverfahrens,
Fig. 7
eine bevorzugte Ausgestaltung einer Ladestation eines Verlegeautomaten und
Fig. 8
einen Zentrierbolzen zur Speicherung von übereinander angeordneten Abstandhaltern, wie er in der Ladestation gemäß Figur 7 vorgesehen sein kann.
Further details and advantages of the present invention are explained in more detail below on the basis of the description of the figures with reference to the drawings. It shows:
1
a flow chart to illustrate the individual steps of the support or manufacturing process,
Figure 2a
an example reinforcement design, which is used to describe a possible calculation strategy for calculating the positions for the spacers,
Figure 2b
according to the reinforcement construction Figure 2a supported with a series of spacers,
Figure 3a
another example of a rebar structure supported with a series of spacers,
Figure 3b
a section of the reinforcement structure according to Figure 3a ,
4
a separating device for intermediate storage of spacers to be placed,
Figures 5a - 5d
a sequence of positions of the separation device to illustrate its mode of operation,
Figure 6a
a preferred embodiment of a stationary laying machine for carrying out the support method,
Figure 6b
a preferred embodiment of a mobile laying machine for carrying out the support method,
7
a preferred embodiment of a loading station of a laying machine and
8
a centering pin for storing stacked spacers as in the charging station according to FIG figure 7 can be provided.

Figur 1 zeigt schematisch anhand eines Flussdiagramms den Ablauf des Abstützverfahrens 21 zur Abstützung einer Bewehrungskonstruktion bei der Herstellung von Betonfertigteilen, wobei

  • in einem ersten Verfahrensschritt 23 Daten einer für das herzustellende Betonfertigteil ausgelegten Bewehrungskonstruktion bereitgestellt werden,
  • in einem zweiten Verfahrensschritt 24 in einer programmgesteuerten, elektronischen Rechenanlage Positionen zur Abstützung der Bewehrungskonstruktion in Abhängigkeit der bereitgestellten Daten der Bewehrungskonstruktion berechnet werden,
  • in einem dritten Verfahrensschritt 25 Abstandhalter an den berechneten Positionen zur Abstützung der Bewehrungskonstruktion platziert werden, und
  • in einem vierten Verfahrensschritt 26 eine entsprechend den Daten gefertigte Bewehrungskonstruktion auf den Abstandhaltern abgelegt wird.
figure 1 shows schematically, using a flow chart, the sequence of the support method 21 for supporting a reinforced structure during the production of precast concrete parts, where
  • In a first method step 23, data for a reinforcement structure designed for the precast concrete part to be produced are provided,
  • in a second step 24 in a program-controlled, electronic computer system positions to support the Reinforcement construction is calculated depending on the provided data of the reinforcement construction,
  • in a third method step 25 spacers are placed at the calculated positions to support the reinforcement structure, and
  • in a fourth method step 26, a reinforcement structure manufactured in accordance with the data is placed on the spacers.

Das Abstützverfahren 21 zur Abstützung einer Bewehrungskonstruktion kann in ein Herstellungsverfahren 22 zur Herstellung von Betonfertigteilen integriert werden, wobei in einem nachfolgenden sich an die Verfahrensschritte 23 bis 26 des Abstützverfahrens 21 anschließenden Verfahrensschritt 27 die auf den Abstandhaltern abgelegte Bewehrungskonstruktion in eine Betonmasse eingebettet wird.The support method 21 for supporting a reinforcement structure can be integrated into a production process 22 for the production of precast concrete parts, with the reinforcement structure placed on the spacers being embedded in a concrete mass in a subsequent process step 27 following process steps 23 to 26 of the support process 21.

Figur 2a zeigt schematisch in einer Draufsicht ein Beispiel einer Bewehrungskonstruktion 1, welche für die Herstellung eines Betonfertigteils in Form einer Polystyrol-Decke ausgelegt ist. Die Bewehrungskonstruktion 1 setzt sich aus mehreren Längsstäben 28, im Wesentlichen senkrecht dazu orientierten Querstäben 29 sowie Gitterträgern 30 zusammen, die z.B. aus einer Ober- und einer Untergurtanordnung und dazwischen verlaufenden Diagonalgurten aufgebaut sein können. Die Daten dieser Bewehrungskonstruktion 1 werden im Zuge des ersten Verfahrensschritts 23 bereitgestellt. In einem zweiten Verfahrensschritt 24 werden in einer programmgesteuerten elektronischen Rechenanlage Positionen 33 und 34 (vergleiche Figur 2b) zur Abstützung der Bewehrungskonstruktion 1 in Abhängigkeit der bereitgestellten Daten der Bewehrungskonstruktion 1 berechnet. Figure 2a shows schematically in a plan view an example of a reinforcement structure 1, which is designed for the production of a precast concrete part in the form of a polystyrene ceiling. The reinforcement structure 1 is composed of a plurality of longitudinal bars 28, transverse bars 29 oriented essentially perpendicular thereto, and lattice girders 30, which can be constructed, for example, from an upper and a lower chord arrangement and diagonal chords running in between. The data for this reinforcement structure 1 are made available in the course of the first method step 23 . In a second method step 24, positions 33 and 34 (cf Figure 2b ) to support the reinforcement structure 1 depending on the data provided for the reinforcement structure 1.

Im konkreten Fall wird der Elementtyp von den fünf Längslinien, an denen sich die Längsbewehrung konzentriert und an denen die Gitterträger 30 angeordnet sind, dominiert. Eine sinnvolle Annahme als Ausgangspunkt für die Berechnung besteht somit darin, die Abstandhalter 4 ausschließlich entlang dieser fünf Hauptlinien in Längsrichtung 33 zu positionieren. Sodann werden mehrere Abstandhalter 4 entlang dieser Längslinien testweise verteilt und es wird näherungsweise das Durchhängeverhalten dieser Längslinien - ohne Berücksichtigung der Querstäbe 29 - berechnet und mit vorgegebenen Grenzwerten verglichen. Anschließend werden die Positionen 33, 34 der Abstandhalter 4 iterativ verschoben, erneut das Durchhängeverhalten berechnet und mit Grenzwerten verglichen und zwar solange, bis man einen maximalen Abstand 31 des ersten Abstandhalters 4 vom Anfang der Bewehrungskonstruktion 1 sowie den maximalen Abstand 32 der Abstandhalter 4 untereinander entlang der Längslinie bei einem noch tolerierbaren Durchhängeverhalten ermittelt hat. Die Werte 31 und 32 werden dabei mit einer gewissen Toleranz berechnet, die abhängig vom Abstand 44 der Querstäbe 29 ist, da es aus statischen Gründen sinnvoll ist, die Abstandhalter 4 nicht genau auf die durch 31 und 32 vorgegebenen Positionen zu setzen, sondern auf den nächstgelegenen Kreuzungspunkt zu verschieben.In this specific case, the element type is dominated by the five longitudinal lines on which the longitudinal reinforcement is concentrated and on which the lattice girders 30 are arranged. A sensible assumption as a starting point for the calculation is therefore to position the spacers 4 exclusively along these five main lines in the longitudinal direction 33 . A plurality of spacers 4 are then distributed along these longitudinal lines as a test and the sagging behavior of these longitudinal lines is approximately calculated—without taking account of the transverse bars 29—and compared with specified limit values. Subsequently, the positions 33, 34 of the spacers 4 are shifted iteratively, the sagging behavior is calculated again and compared with limit values, namely until one has determined a maximum distance 31 of the first spacer 4 from the start of the reinforcement structure 1 and the maximum distance 32 of the spacers 4 to one another along the longitudinal line with a still tolerable sagging behavior. The values 31 and 32 are calculated with a certain tolerance, which is dependent on the distance 44 of the crossbars 29, since for static reasons it makes sense not to place the spacers 4 exactly on the positions specified by 31 and 32, but on the move to the nearest crossing point.

Anhand dieser Berechnungsmethode ist es möglich, einen Satz im Wesentlichen optimaler Positionen 33, 34 zur Abstützung der Bewehrungskonstruktion 1 in Abhängigkeit der bereitgestellten Daten der Bewehrungskonstruktion 1 zu berechnen, wobei dieser Satz an Positionen 33, 34 eine minimale Anzahl an Abstandhaltern 4 bei einem gleichzeitig tolerierbaren Durchhängeverhalten der Bewehrungskonstruktion 1, welches sich in weiterer Folge auf die Qualität des herzustellenden Betonfertigteils auswirkt, sicherzustellen.Using this calculation method, it is possible to calculate a set of essentially optimal positions 33, 34 for supporting the reinforcement structure 1 depending on the data provided for the reinforcement structure 1, with this set of positions 33, 34 having a minimum number of spacers 4 with a simultaneously tolerable To ensure sagging behavior of the reinforcement structure 1, which subsequently affects the quality of the precast concrete part to be produced.

In einem dritten Verfahrensschritt 25 werden die Abstandhalter 4 nun an den berechneten Positionen 33 und 34 zur Abstützung der Bewehrungskonstruktion 1 platziert. In einem vierten Verfahrensschritt 26 wird eine entsprechend den Daten gefertigte Bewehrungskonstruktion 1 auf den Abstandhaltern 4 abgelegt. Das Ergebnis dieses dritten und vierten Verfahrensschritts 25 bzw 26 ist schematisch in Figur 2b dargestellt, wobei zusätzlich auch noch die inneren Umrisse von Schalungselementen 10 angedeutet sind, welche der äußeren Kontur eines durch Einbetten der auf den Abstandhaltern 4 abgelegten Bewehrungskonstruktion 1 in eine Betonmasse und dem Aushärten der Betonmasse hergestellten Betonfertigteils entspricht.In a third method step 25, the spacers 4 are now placed at the calculated positions 33 and 34 to support the reinforcement structure 1. In a fourth method step 26, a reinforcement structure 1 manufactured according to the data is placed on the spacers 4. The result of this third and fourth method step 25 and 26 is shown schematically in Figure 2b shown, with the inner contours of formwork elements 10 also being indicated, which corresponds to the outer contour of a precast concrete part produced by embedding the reinforcement structure 1 placed on the spacers 4 in a concrete mass and curing the concrete mass.

Figur 3a zeigt ein weiteres Beispiel einer Bewehrungskonstruktion 2 in Form einer Matte, die aus Längsstäben 28 und Querstäben 29 aufgebaut ist. Die Matte weist einen Ausschnitt 35 für ein Fenster und einen Ausschnitt 36 für eine Tür sowie eine Schrägfläche 43 auf. Figure 3a shows another example of a reinforcement structure 2 in the form of a mat that is made up of longitudinal bars 28 and transverse bars 29 . The mat has a cutout 35 for a window and a cutout 36 for a door as well as an inclined surface 43 .

Im Zuge des ersten Verfahrensschritts 23 werden die Daten dieser Bewehrungskonstruktion 2 in Form von CAD-Daten bereitgestellt.In the course of the first method step 23, the data of this reinforcement structure 2 are made available in the form of CAD data.

In einem zweiten Verfahrensschritt 24 werden in einer programmgesteuerten elektronischen Rechenanlage Positionen 33 und 34 zur Abstützung der Bewehrungskonstruktion 2 in Abhängigkeit dieser bereitgestellten Daten der Bewehrungskonstruktion 2 berechnet.In a second method step 24, positions 33 and 34 for supporting the reinforcement structure 2 are calculated in a program-controlled electronic computer system as a function of the data provided for the reinforcement structure 2.

Dazu wird die Matte wie in Figur 3b gezeigt in Tragebereiche 5 unterteilt, wobei jedem Tragebereich 5 jeweils genau ein Abstandhalter 4 zugeordnet wird, welcher zumindest einen Querstab 29 oder Längsstab 28 trägt. Jeder dieser tragenden Stäbe hängt vom Auflagepunkt ausgehend nach unten. Dieses Durchhängen ist im Wesentlichen abhängig von dem Eigengewicht des tragenden Stabes und dem Gewicht der angeschweißten tragenden Stäbe. Im Zuge der Berechnung wird gefordert, dass ein parametrisierbares Drehmoment-Maximum nicht überschritten werden darf, wobei das Drehmoment vom Durchmesser der tragenden Stäbe abhängig ist. Die Last der getragenen Stäbe wird auf alle tragenden Stäbe aufgeteilt. Jeder auf einem Abstandhalter aufliegender tragender Stab wird durchgerechnet. In weiteren Schritten wird jeder getragener Stab wiederum als tragender Stab betrachtet und durchgerechnet, bis alle Stäbe getragen werden. Die Durchbiegung der getragenen Stäbe ist von ihrem Durchmesser und dem Gewicht der an ihnen angeschweißten Stäbe und dem daraus resultierenden Drehmoment abhängig.To do this, the mat is used as in Figure 3b shown divided into support areas 5, wherein each support area 5 is assigned exactly one spacer 4, which carries at least one transverse bar 29 or longitudinal bar 28. Each of these supporting bars hangs down from the point of support. This sagging is essentially dependent on the dead weight of the supporting bar and the weight of the welded-on supporting bars. In the course of the calculation, it is required that a parameterizable maximum torque may not be exceeded, whereby the torque depends on the diameter of the supporting rods. The load of the supported bars is distributed to all supporting bars. Each load-bearing bar resting on a spacer is calculated. In further steps, each supported bar is considered as a supporting bar and calculated until all bars are supported. The deflection of the supported bars depends on their diameter and the weight of the bars welded to them and the resulting torque.

Diese Berechnung wird für Tragebereiche 5, in denen je ein Abstandhalter 4 angeordnet ist, durchgeführt. Die Aufteilung in die Tragebereiche 5 erfolgt beispielsweise ausgehend von einer Seite der Bewehrungskonstruktion 2. Die Anfangsgröße jedes Tragebereichs 5 ist parametrisierbar. In Abhängigkeit von dem Berechnungsergebnis für die Stäbe eines Tragebereichs 5 wird während der Berechnung die Größe der Tragebereiche 5 iterativ verändert, um möglichst nahe an das vorgegebene Drehmoment-Limit heranzukommen. Die Grenzen 16 jedes Tragebereichs 5 werden einerseits von den Grenzen der Bewehrungskonstruktion 2 außen und innen (Aussparungen für Fenster, Türen oder dergleichen) vorgegeben und andererseits von den berechneten Lasten und den daraus resultierenden Grenzen zu weiteren Tragebereichen 5.This calculation is carried out for support areas 5, in each of which a spacer 4 is arranged. The division into the load-bearing areas 5 takes place, for example, starting from one side of the reinforcement structure 2. The initial size of each load-bearing area 5 can be parameterized. Depending on the result of the calculation for the bars of a support area 5, the size of the support areas 5 is changed iteratively during the calculation in order to come as close as possible to the specified torque limit. The limits 16 of each load-bearing area 5 are defined on the one hand by the limits of the reinforcement structure 2 outside and inside (recesses for windows, doors or the like) and on the other hand by the calculated loads and the resulting limits to other load-bearing areas 5.

Es sei noch darauf hingewiesen, dass bei der Berechnung der Positionen 33, 34 der Abstandhalter 4 auch die maximale Tragfähigkeit der Abstandhalter 4 berücksichtigt wird.It should also be pointed out that when calculating the positions 33, 34 of the spacers 4, the maximum load-bearing capacity of the spacers 4 is also taken into account.

Es bietet sich an, zur Abstützung der Bewehrungskonstruktionen 1, 2 Abstandhalter 4 zu verwenden mit einer gitterartigen Auflagefläche 40, in der Durchbrüche vorgesehen sind, und mit mehreren von der Auflagefläche 40 abstehenden Stützen 42, die sowohl am äußeren Rand als auch im mittleren Bereich an der Auflagefläche 40 angeordnet sein können, wobei durch die Auflagefläche 40 und die äußeren Stützen 42 ein fiktives Volumen des Abstandhalters 4 definiert ist (vergleiche auch Figur 4). Dabei sind einige der Durchbrüche in der Auflagefläche 40 derart angeordnet, dass sie wenigstens Platz für Stützen 42 eines weiteren baugleichen Abstandhalters 4 bieten und somit zumindest zwei Abstandhalter 4 ineinander stapelbar sind und sich das gemeinsame fiktive Volumen der gestapelten Abstandhalter 4 gegenüber dem fiktiven Volumen eines Abstandhalters 4 unwesentlich vergrößert, wobei sich die gestapelten Abstandhalter 4 prinzipiell in der gleichen Position befinden und nur zueinander verdreht oder seitlich versetzt sind, sodass ihre Auflagefläche 40 parallel aufeinander liegen.To support the reinforcement structures 1, 2, it is advisable to use spacers 4 with a grid-like support surface 40 in which openings are provided and with several supports 42 protruding from the support surface 40, which are attached both at the outer edge and in the middle area of the bearing surface 40 can be arranged, with a fictitious volume of the spacer 4 being defined by the bearing surface 40 and the outer supports 42 (cf figure 4 ). Some of the openings in the support surface 40 are arranged in such a way that they offer at least space for supports 42 of a further spacer 4 of the same construction and thus at least two spacers 4 can be stacked one inside the other and the common notional volume of the stacked spacers 4 is greater than the notional volume of a spacer 4 is insignificantly enlarged, with the stacked spacers 4 basically being in the same position and only being twisted relative to one another or offset laterally, so that their contact surfaces 40 lie parallel to one another.

Auf diese Weise ist es möglich, eine Vielzahl von Abstandhaltern 4 platzsparend zueinander anzuordnen. Die gitterartige Auflagefläche 40 ist im vorliegenden Fall rund ausgebildet. Die Stützen 42 bilden das Maß, welches die Betonüberdeckung definiert. Je nach erforderlicher Betonüberdeckung der Bewehrungskonstruktionen 1, 2 können die Stützen 42 länger oder kürzer sein.In this way it is possible to arrange a large number of spacers 4 in relation to one another in a space-saving manner. The grid-like support surface 40 is round in the present case. The supports 42 form the gauge that defines the concrete cover. Depending on the required concrete cover of the reinforcement structures 1, 2, the supports 42 can be longer or shorter.

In der Figur 4 ist ein Stapel derart ausgebildeter und übereinander bzw. ineinander angeordneter Abstandhalter 4 dargestellt. Zur Platzierung der Abstandhalter 4 an den berechneten Positionen 33, 34 im Zuge des dritten Verfahrensschritts 25 können die gestapelten Abstandhalter 4 in einer Vereinzelungsvorrichtung 8 zwischengespeichert werden. Diese Vereinzelungsvorrichtung 8 besteht aus einem Zentrierrohr 37, mit dem die Abstandhalter 4 zentrisch gehalten werden. Die Abstandhalter 4 werden durch einen Stopper 39 nach oben gehalten.In the figure 4 a stack of spacers 4 designed in this way and arranged one above the other or one inside the other is shown. To place the spacers 4 at the calculated positions 33, 34 in the course of the third method step 25, the stacked spacers 4 can be temporarily stored in a separating device 8. This separating device 8 consists of a centering tube 37 with which the spacers 4 are held centrally. The spacers 4 are held up by a stopper 39 .

In der Ausgangsposition, die in der Figur 4 bzw. 5a dargestellt ist, liegt der Abstandhalterstapel auf dem Stopper 39 auf. Eine Vereinzelner 38 trennt weiterhin den untersten von dem zweituntersten Abstandhalter 4. Um dem Stopper 39 bzw. dem Vereinzelner 38 einen Eingriff zu ermöglichen, weisen die Abstandhalter 4 umfangsseitig eine ringförmige Auskragung 45 auf.In the starting position, in the figure 4 and 5a, the stack of spacers lies on the stopper 39. A separator 38 further separates the bottom spacer 4 from the second-lowest spacer. In order to enable the stopper 39 or the separator 38 to engage, the spacers 4 have an annular projection 45 on the peripheral side.

Um nun den untersten Abstandhalter 4 an einer berechneten Position 33, 34 freizugeben, wird der Stopper 39 radial nach außen bewegt, sodass der Abstandhalter 4 mit der Auskragung 45 nicht mehr auf dem Stopper 39 aufliegt (vgl. Figur 5b). Nach der Freigabe dieses Abstandhalters 4 wird der Stopper 39 wieder in seine ursprüngliche Stellung zurückbewegt (vgl. Figur 5c). Anschließend wird der Vereinzelner 38 radial nach außen bewegt. Dadurch fällt der Abstandhalterstapel nach unten auf den Stopper 39 (vgl. Figur 5d). Schließlich wird der Vereinzelner 38 wieder in die ursprüngliche Stellung gemäß Figur 5a zurückbewegt.In order to now release the bottom spacer 4 at a calculated position 33, 34, the stopper 39 is moved radially outwards so that the spacer 4 with the projection 45 no longer rests on the stopper 39 (cf. Figure 5b ). After this spacer 4 has been released, the stopper 39 is moved back into its original position (cf. Figure 5c ). The separator 38 is then moved radially outwards. As a result, the stack of spacers falls down onto the stopper 39 (cf. Figure 5d ). Finally, the separator 38 returns to its original position Figure 5a moved back.

Um die Platzierung der Abstandhalter 4 an den berechneten Positionen 33, 34 im Zuge des dritten Verfahrensschritts 25 zu erleichtern, kann eine Markierungsvorrichtung vorgesehen sein, bei der es sich z.B. um einen Plotter handeln kann, welcher die berechneten Positionen 33, 34 der Abstandhalter 4 auf einer Palette anzeichnet. Alternativ kann die Markierungsvorrichtung auch einen modulierbaren Laser umfassen, mit dem die berechneten Positionen 33, 34 für die Abstandhalter 4 entweder sequentiell nacheinander oder gleichzeitig angezeigt werden. In weiterer Folge und nicht erfindungsgemäß kann dann eine Bedienperson die Abstandhalter 4 manuell an den berechneten Positionen 33, 34, welche mittels der Markierungsvorrichtung markiert sind, platzieren.In order to facilitate the placement of the spacers 4 at the calculated positions 33, 34 in the course of the third method step 25, a marking device can be provided, which can be a plotter, for example, which plots the calculated positions 33, 34 of the spacers 4 marked on a palette. Alternatively, the marking device can also include a laser that can be modulated, with which the calculated positions 33, 34 for the spacers 4 are displayed either sequentially one after the other or simultaneously. As a further consequence and not according to the invention, an operator can then place the spacers 4 manually at the calculated positions 33, 34, which are marked by the marking device.

Nach der Erfindung erfolgt die Platzierung der Abstandhalter 4 an den berechneten Positionen 33, 34 im Zuge des dritten Verfahrensschritts 25 mittels eines Verlegeautomatens .According to the invention, the spacers 4 are placed at the calculated positions 33, 34 in the course of the third method step 25 by means of an automatic laying machine.

Figur 6a zeigt ein Beispiel für einen solchen Verlegeautomat 6, der stationär ausgebildet ist. Das bedeutet, dass eine Palette 11, auf welcher Abstandhalter 4 an berechneten Positionen 33, 34 platziert werden sollen, relativ zu dem stationären Verlegeautomaten 6 verfahren werden. Figure 6a shows an example of such a laying machine 6, which is designed to be stationary. This means that a pallet 11, on which spacers 4 are to be placed at calculated positions 33, 34, is moved relative to the stationary automatic laying machine 6.

Es bietet sich an, einen solchen stationären Verlegeautomaten 6 auf einem Taktplatz einer Palettenumlaufanlage vorzusehen. Dabei werden die Paletten 11 längs oder quer von einem zum nächsten Taktplatz der Palettenumlaufanlage verfahren. Im dargestellten Beispiel erfolgt das Verfahren der Palette 11 in Längsrichtung 33.It makes sense to provide such a stationary automatic laying machine 6 at a cycle station of a pallet circulation system. The pallets 11 are moved lengthwise or crosswise from one cycle station to the next in the pallet circulation system. In the example shown, the pallet 11 is moved in the longitudinal direction 33.

Zum Ablegen von Abstandhaltern 4 an den vorberechneten Positionen 33, 34 sind zwei Platziervorrichtungen 19, welche jeweils eine der vorbeschriebenen Vereinzelungsvorrichtungen 8 aufweisen, vorgesehen. Zur Ansteuerung einer bestimmten Position 33, 34 wird die Palette 11 in Längsrichtung 33 und eine der Platziervorrichtungen 19 in Querrichtung 34 entlang eines Querbalkens 17 bewegt. Dabei ist eine Steuereinheit 20 zur Steuerung der Bewegungen der Platziervorrichtungen 19 vorgesehen. Diese Steuereinheit 20 kann gemäß einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform auch die Bewegung der Palette 11 steuern. Weiterhin handelt es sich bei der Steuereinheit 20 um die programmgesteuerte elektronische Rechenanlage 3, welche im Zuge des zweiten Verfahrensschritts 24 die Positionen 33, 34 zur Abstützung der Bewehrungskonstruktion 1, 2 in Abhängigkeit der bereitgestellten Daten der Bewehrungskonstruktion 1, 2 berechnet.Two placement devices 19, each of which has one of the above-described separating devices 8, are provided for depositing spacers 4 at the precalculated positions 33, 34. To control a certain position 33, 34, the pallet 11 is moved in the longitudinal direction 33 and one of the placement devices 19 is moved in the transverse direction 34 along a crossbeam 17. A control unit 20 for controlling the movements of the positioning devices 19 is provided. According to a preferred embodiment, this control unit 20 can also control the movement of the pallet 11 . Furthermore, the control unit 20 is the program-controlled electronic computing system 3 which, in the course of the second method step 24, calculates the positions 33, 34 for supporting the reinforcement structure 1, 2 as a function of the data provided for the reinforcement structure 1, 2.

Je nach erforderlicher Leistung kann ein solcher stationärer Verlegeautomat 6 auch mehrere parallel zueinander angeordnete Balken, die quer zur Fahrrichtung der Palette 11 angeordnet sind und an denen eine oder mehrere Platziervorrichtungen19 verfahrbar gelagert sind, vorgesehen sein.Depending on the performance required, such a stationary automatic laying machine 6 can also be provided with several parallel beams, which are arranged transversely to the direction of travel of the pallet 11 and on which one or more placing devices 19 are movably mounted.

Figur 6b zeigt schematisch ein Beispiel für einen verfahrbar ausgebildeten Verlegeautomaten 7. In diesem Fall verharrt die Palette 11 während der Positionierung der Abstandhalter 4 an den berechneten Positionen 33, 34 in einer bestimmten Position und die Platziervorrichtungen 19 werden sowohl in Längsrichtung 33 als auch in Querrichtung 34 relativ zur Palette 11 verfahren. Auch in diesem Fall können je nach erforderlicher Platzierleistung mehrere parallele Balken, an denen eine oder mehrere Platziervorrichtungen 19 angeordnet sind, vorgesehen sein. Figure 6b shows schematically an example of an automatic laying machine 7 designed to be movable. In this case, the pallet 11 remains in a specific position during the positioning of the spacers 4 at the calculated positions 33, 34 and the placement devices 19 become relative both in the longitudinal direction 33 and in the transverse direction 34 proceed to pallet 11. In this case as well, depending on the placement performance required, a plurality of parallel beams on which one or more placement devices 19 are arranged can be provided.

Jeder der in den Figuren 6a und 6b dargestellten Verlegeautomaten 6, 7 kann auch eine Ladestation zum Nachfüllen der im Zuge des dritten Verfahrensschritts 25 zu platzierenden Abstandhalter 4 umfassen. Die Ladestation kann auch dazu eingesetzt werden, unterschiedliche Typen von Abstandhaltern 4 bereitzuhalten, so dass in einfacher Weise ein Wechsel zwischen zwei unterschiedlichen Typen von Abstandhaltern 4 möglich ist.Everyone in the Figures 6a and 6b Automatic laying machines 6, 7 shown can also include a loading station for refilling the spacers 4 to be placed in the course of the third method step 25. The charging station can also be used to keep different types of spacers 4 ready, so that a change between two different types of spacers 4 is possible in a simple manner.

Eine solche Ladestation 9 ist in der Figur 7 dargestellt. Die Ladestation 9 umfasst ein Magazin mit mehreren, im konkreten Fall drei, Drehtellern 12, die jeweils einen Befüllbereich 13 und einen Entnahmebereich 14 aufweisen. Dabei kann das Magazin gleichzeitig auf einer Seite über die Befüllbereiche 13 der Drehteller 12 von einer Bedienperson mit neuen Abstandhaltern 4 befüllt werden, während die andere Hälfte des Magazins, d.h. die Entnahmebereiche 14 der Drehteller 12, für die Platziervorrichtungen 19 zur Entnahme der Abstandhalter 4 bereitsteht. Das Magazin ist vorteilhafterweise so ausgelegt, dass eine für die Tagesproduktion ausreichende Anzahl an Abstandhaltern 4 gelagert ist. Zum Aufnehmen von neuen Abstandhaltern 4 fährt eine Platziervorrichtung 19 über einen im Magazin bereitstehenden Abstandhalterstapel und nimmt diesen in die Vereinzelungsvorrichtung 8 auf. Die Ladestation 9 kann so ausgeführt sein, dass Abstandhalter 4 mit unterschiedlichen Höhen auf nebeneinander positionierten Magazinen zur Verfügung stehen.Such a charging station 9 is in the figure 7 shown. The loading station 9 includes a magazine with several, in this specific case three, turntables 12, each one Filling area 13 and a removal area 14 have. At the same time, the magazine can be filled with new spacers 4 on one side via the filling areas 13 of the turntable 12 by an operator, while the other half of the magazine, ie the removal areas 14 of the turntable 12, is available for the placement devices 19 to remove the spacers 4 . The magazine is advantageously designed in such a way that a sufficient number of spacers 4 for daily production is stored. To pick up new spacers 4 , a placement device 19 moves over a stack of spacers that is ready in the magazine and picks them up in the separating device 8 . The loading station 9 can be designed in such a way that spacers 4 with different heights are available on magazines positioned next to one another.

Anstelle der Drehteller können zum Beispiel auch eine oder mehrere Schubladen verwendet werden.One or more drawers can also be used instead of the turntable, for example.

Zur Speicherung der Abstandhalterstapel können in der Ladestation 9 Zentrierbolzen 15 vorgesehen sein, die in eine zentrale korrespondierende Öffnung 41 in der Auflagefläche 40 der Abstandhalter 4 (vgl. Figur 4) eingreifen können. Auf diese Weise kann ein Abstandhalterstapel an einer vorgegebenen Lagerposition gespeichert werden.To store the stack of spacers, centering bolts 15 can be provided in the loading station 9, which can be inserted into a corresponding central opening 41 in the support surface 40 of the spacers 4 (cf. figure 4 ) can intervene. In this way, a stack of spacers can be stored at a predetermined storage position.

Grundsätzlich ist es vorstellbar, dass die Platziervorrichtung 19 einen bestimmten Abstandhalterstapel aufnimmt, einen Teil der Abstandhalter 4 des Stapels verbraucht, d.h. im Zuge des dritten Verfahrensschritts 25 an vorberechneten Positionen 33, 34 platziert, und die nicht verbrauchten Abstandhalter 4 wieder an einer Lagerposition abstellt, um einen anderen Abstandhaltertyp, z.B. mit einer anderen Höhe, aufzunehmen.In principle, it is conceivable that the placement device 19 picks up a specific stack of spacers, uses up some of the spacers 4 of the stack, i.e. places them at precalculated positions 33, 34 in the course of the third method step 25, and places the spacers 4 that have not been used up again at a storage position, to accommodate a different type of spacer, e.g. with a different height.

Claims (7)

  1. An arrangement of spacers for supporting a reinforcement structure and a laying device (6, 7), wherein the laying device (6, 7) is designed to perform a supporting method (21) for supporting the reinforcement structure (1, 2) in the production of precast concrete parts, wherein the supporting method (21) comprises the following method steps: in a first method step (23) data of a reinforcement structure (1, 2) designed for the precast concrete part to be produced are provided, in a second method step (24) positions (33, 34) for supporting the reinforcement structure (1, 2) are calculated in dependence on the provided data of the reinforcement structure (1, 2), in a third method step (25) spacers (4) are placed at the calculated positions (33, 34) for supporting the reinforcement structure (1, 2), and in a fourth method step (26) a reinforcement structure (1, 2) produced in accordance with the data is placed on the spacers (4), wherein the laying device (6, 7) comprises at least one placing device (19) which can be moved in longitudinal (33) and/or transverse direction (34), characterized in that the laying device (6, 7) comprises a program-controlled electronic computing system (3) which is designed to perform the first and second method steps and to control the at least one placing device (19) such that the spacers (4) are placed at the calculated positions (33, 34) in the course of the third method step (25).
  2. The arrangement according to claim 1, wherein the laying device (6, 7) is designed stationary or movable.
  3. The arrangement according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the laying device (6, 7) comprises a charging station (9) for refilling the spacers (4) to be placed in the course of the third method step (25).
  4. The arrangement according to claim 3, wherein the charging station (9) comprises at least one rotary plate (12) comprising a charging portion (13) and a removal portion (14) and/or at least one centering pin (15) for the storage of spacers (4) arranged above one another.
  5. The arrangement according to one of claims 1 through 4, wherein the at least one placing device (19) comprises at least one separating device (8) in which the spacers (4) to be placed can be stored temporarily.
  6. The arrangement according to claim 5, wherein the spacers (4) of the at least one separating device (8) are automatically removable to be placed in the course of the third method step (25) at the calculated positions (33, 34) for supporting the reinforcement structure (1, 2) and wherein the spacers (4) comprise a grid-like contact surface (40), in which through-holes are provided, and a plurality of supports (42) protruding from the contact surface (40), wherein a fictitious volume is defined by the contact surface (40) and the outer supports (42) and several of the through-holes are arranged in the contact (40) in such a way that they provide at least space for supports (42) of a further structurally identical spacer (4) and thus, at least two spacers (4) are stackable into one another and the common fictitious volume of the stacked spacers (4) enlarges insignificantly compared to the fictitious volume of one spacer (4), wherein the stacked spacers (4) are in principal located in same the position and are only arranged obliquely or laterally displaced to one another so that their contact surface (40) is parallel on top of one another.
  7. The arrangement according to one of claims 1 through 6, wherein the at least one placing device (19) comprises at least one device for detecting the height of the spacers (4).
EP19155066.4A 2015-08-17 2016-08-11 Installation device Active EP3517268B1 (en)

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ATA50726/2015A AT517094B1 (en) 2015-08-17 2015-08-17 Supporting method for supporting a reinforcement construction
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AT524506A1 (en) * 2020-11-25 2022-06-15 Progress Maschinen & Automation Ag Method for calculating production parameters of at least one reinforcement
CN113021609B (en) * 2021-03-11 2023-06-02 珠海筑享云科技有限公司 Production device for concrete prefabricated part
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CN113927733A (en) * 2021-11-19 2022-01-14 上海世微智能科技有限公司 Production and preparation method of prefabricated external wall panel

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ES2934348T3 (en) 2023-02-21
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CN106476134B (en) 2020-08-04
PL3165340T3 (en) 2020-03-31
EP3165340B1 (en) 2019-10-02
CN106476134A (en) 2017-03-08
AT517094B1 (en) 2016-11-15
DK3517268T3 (en) 2023-01-16
EP3517268A1 (en) 2019-07-31
ES2764387T3 (en) 2020-06-03
HUE060833T2 (en) 2023-04-28
EP3165340A2 (en) 2017-05-10
DK3165340T3 (en) 2020-01-20

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