EP3339982A1 - Uhrwerksanordnung, die einen mechanischen oszillator umfasst, der mit einer einstellvorrichtung verbunden ist - Google Patents

Uhrwerksanordnung, die einen mechanischen oszillator umfasst, der mit einer einstellvorrichtung verbunden ist Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3339982A1
EP3339982A1 EP17203916.6A EP17203916A EP3339982A1 EP 3339982 A1 EP3339982 A1 EP 3339982A1 EP 17203916 A EP17203916 A EP 17203916A EP 3339982 A1 EP3339982 A1 EP 3339982A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
mechanical
braking
resonator
oscillator
oscillation
Prior art date
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Granted
Application number
EP17203916.6A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP3339982B1 (de
Inventor
Lionel TOMBEZ
Alexandre Haemmerli
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Swatch Group Research and Development SA
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Swatch Group Research and Development SA
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Publication of EP3339982A1 publication Critical patent/EP3339982A1/de
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G04—HOROLOGY
    • G04B—MECHANICALLY-DRIVEN CLOCKS OR WATCHES; MECHANICAL PARTS OF CLOCKS OR WATCHES IN GENERAL; TIME PIECES USING THE POSITION OF THE SUN, MOON OR STARS
    • G04B17/00—Mechanisms for stabilising frequency
    • G04B17/04—Oscillators acting by spring tension
    • G04B17/06—Oscillators with hairsprings, e.g. balance
    • G04B17/063—Balance construction
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G04—HOROLOGY
    • G04C—ELECTROMECHANICAL CLOCKS OR WATCHES
    • G04C9/00—Electrically-actuated devices for setting the time-indicating means
    • G04C9/04—Electrically-actuated devices for setting the time-indicating means by blocking the driving means
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G04—HOROLOGY
    • G04B—MECHANICALLY-DRIVEN CLOCKS OR WATCHES; MECHANICAL PARTS OF CLOCKS OR WATCHES IN GENERAL; TIME PIECES USING THE POSITION OF THE SUN, MOON OR STARS
    • G04B15/00—Escapements
    • G04B15/14—Component parts or constructional details, e.g. construction of the lever or the escape wheel
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G04—HOROLOGY
    • G04B—MECHANICALLY-DRIVEN CLOCKS OR WATCHES; MECHANICAL PARTS OF CLOCKS OR WATCHES IN GENERAL; TIME PIECES USING THE POSITION OF THE SUN, MOON OR STARS
    • G04B18/00—Mechanisms for setting frequency
    • G04B18/04—Adjusting the beat of the pendulum, balance, or the like, e.g. putting into beat
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G04—HOROLOGY
    • G04C—ELECTROMECHANICAL CLOCKS OR WATCHES
    • G04C11/00—Synchronisation of independently-driven clocks
    • G04C11/08—Synchronisation of independently-driven clocks using an electro-magnet or-motor for oscillation correction
    • G04C11/081—Synchronisation of independently-driven clocks using an electro-magnet or-motor for oscillation correction using an electro-magnet
    • G04C11/084—Synchronisation of independently-driven clocks using an electro-magnet or-motor for oscillation correction using an electro-magnet acting on the balance
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G04—HOROLOGY
    • G04C—ELECTROMECHANICAL CLOCKS OR WATCHES
    • G04C3/00—Electromechanical clocks or watches independent of other time-pieces and in which the movement is maintained by electric means
    • G04C3/04—Electromechanical clocks or watches independent of other time-pieces and in which the movement is maintained by electric means wherein movement is regulated by a balance
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G04—HOROLOGY
    • G04C—ELECTROMECHANICAL CLOCKS OR WATCHES
    • G04C9/00—Electrically-actuated devices for setting the time-indicating means
    • G04C9/08—Electrically-actuated devices for setting the time-indicating means by electric drive

Definitions

  • the mechanical resonator is a sprung balance and the maintenance device comprises a conventional exhaust, for example with Swiss anchor.
  • the auxiliary oscillator is formed in particular by a quartz resonator or by a resonator integrated in an electronic circuit.
  • Movements forming watch assemblies as defined in the field of the invention have been proposed in a few documents earlier.
  • the patent CH 597 636 published in 1977, proposes such a movement in reference to its figure 3 .
  • the movement is equipped with a resonator formed by a sprung balance and a conventional maintenance device comprising an anchor and an escape wheel in kinematic connection with a barrel provided with a spring.
  • This watch movement comprises a device for regulating the frequency of the mechanical oscillator.
  • This control device comprises an electronic circuit and a magnetic assembly formed of a flat coil, arranged on a support under the beam shank, and two magnets mounted on the balance and arranged close to each other so as to both pass over the coil when the oscillator is on.
  • the electronic circuit comprises a time base comprising a crystal resonator and for generating a reference frequency signal FR, this reference frequency being compared with the frequency FG of the mechanical oscillator.
  • the detection of the frequency FG of the oscillator is performed via the electrical signals generated in the coil by the pair of magnets.
  • the control circuit is arranged to be able momentarily to generate a braking torque via a magnet-coil magnetic coupling and a switchable load connected to the coil.
  • the document CH 597 636 gives the following teaching: "The resonator thus formed must have a frequency of oscillation variable according to the amplitude on either side of the frequency FR (defect of isochronism)".
  • the charge is formed by a switchable rectifier via a transistor which charges a storage capacitor during the pulses of braking, to recover the electrical energy to power the electronic circuit.
  • the constant teaching given in the document CH 597 636 is as follows: When FG> FR the transistor is conductive; a power Pa is then taken from the generator / oscillator. When FG ⁇ FR, the transistor is non-conductive; no more energy is drawn from the generator / oscillator. In other words, it regulates only when the frequency of the generator / oscillator is greater than the reference frequency FR.
  • This regulation consists of braking the generator / oscillator in order to reduce its frequency FG.
  • the mechanical oscillator those skilled in the art understand that regulation is possible only when the mainspring is heavily armed and the free oscillation frequency (natural frequency) of the oscillator mechanical is greater than the reference frequency FR, as a result of a desired isochronism defect of the selected mechanical oscillator.
  • the mechanical oscillator is selected for what is normally a defect in a mechanical movement and the electronic control is functional only when the natural frequency of this oscillator is greater than a nominal frequency.
  • the teaching generally given to those skilled in the art is the following: If we want to electronically regulate the frequency of a sprung balance of a classic watch movement, we must change the sprung balance to first arrange at least a magnet on it and secondly to modify its natural frequency so that this natural frequency is higher than the desired frequency.
  • the consequence of such teaching is clear:
  • the mechanical resonator must be de-tuned to oscillate at a frequency too high to allow the regulating device to constantly reduce its frequency to a frequency less, corresponding to the desired theoretical frequency, by a succession of braking pulses. Consequently, the resulting clock movement is voluntarily adjusted so that a precise step depends on the electronic regulation, otherwise such a watch movement would have a very important time drift.
  • the regulating device is deactivated, in particular because of deterioration, then the watch equipped with such a movement will no longer be precise, and this to an extent that it is in fact more functional. Such a situation is problematic.
  • the arrangement of permanent magnets on the balance means that a magnetic flux is constantly present in the watch movement and that this magnetic flux spatially varies periodically.
  • a magnetic flux can have a detrimental effect on various members or elements of the watch movement, in particular on magnetic material elements such as parts made of ferromagnetic material. This can have repercussions on the smooth running of the watch movement and also increase the wear of rotated elements.
  • a strong external magnetic field can damage the magnetic elements of the electromagnetic system.
  • This concept aims to synchronize the frequency of the oscillator with that of a quartz oscillator by an alleged interaction between the finger and the stop when the mechanical oscillator has a time drift relative to the quartz oscillator, the finger coming either momentarily block the rocker which is then stopped in its movement during a certain time interval (the abutment bearing against the finger moved in its direction during the return of the rocker in the direction of its neutral position), or limit the amplitude of oscillation when the finger comes against the stop while the rocker rotates towards its position of maximum amplitude.
  • An object of the present invention is to find a solution to the technical problems and disadvantages mentioned above in the technological background.
  • a first objective within the framework of the development that led to the present invention, was to propose a watch assembly comprising a mechanical movement, with a conventional mechanical resonator of the spring-balance type, and a regulating device that does not use a system.
  • magnet-coil for coupling the mechanical resonator to this control device, in particular which does not require to arrange at least one permanent magnet on the balance.
  • magnet-coil system generates magnetic braking pulses, a magnetic flux generated by at least one coil being coupled to the magnetic flux of said at least one permanent magnet on board. the mechanical resonator.
  • a second objective within the framework of the development that led to the present invention, was to produce a watch assembly comprising a mechanical movement with a mechanical oscillator and a device for regulating this mechanical oscillator, but without initially having to disturb the mechanical oscillator.
  • a timepiece that has the precision of an auxiliary electronic oscillator (in particular provided with a quartz resonator) when the regulating device is functional and the accuracy of the mechanical oscillator when this control device is deactivated or off, but with a precision that may correspond to the best standard in the latter case.
  • it seeks to add an electronic control to a mechanical movement also set as precisely as possible so that it remains functional, with the best possible operation, when the electronic control is not active.
  • the present invention also aims to provide a watch assembly that meets at least the first objective and is robust, that is to say, that can maintain a high accuracy even after an external disturbance as a shock.
  • the present invention relates to a watch assembly as defined in claim 1, and a control module as defined in claim 16.
  • the watch assembly comprises an electronic control circuit, arranged to be able to generate a control signal which is supplied to the regulation pulse application device to activate it, and a sensor arranged to be able to detect the passage of the mechanical resonator by a certain given position on the axis of oscillation.
  • the control device of this watch assembly comprises a measurement device arranged to be able to measure, on the basis of position signals supplied by the sensor, a time drift of the mechanical oscillator relative to the auxiliary oscillator.
  • the device for applying control pulses of the watch assembly is an electromechanical device arranged so as to be able to generate, in response to the above-mentioned control signal which is a function of the measured time drift, braking pulses.
  • the mechanical resonator defines a braking surface having a certain extent along the axis of oscillation of the mechanical resonator and arranged so as to allow at least the application of a mechanical braking pulse with its release at a given instant.
  • the aforementioned expression also excludes braking resulting from electrical coupling between the oscillating member and a stationary unit of the regulating device.
  • this expression does not exclude electrical and / or magnetic elements incorporated in the electromechanical device that generates mechanical braking pulses applied to the mechanical resonator.
  • electromechanical indicates that at least one electrical element forms the device for applying control pulses.
  • the regulation pulse applying device is formed by an actuator comprising at least one braking member which is arranged to be actuated, in response to the above-mentioned control signal, so as to exert on the oscillating member of the mechanical resonator a certain torque of mechanical force during the mechanical braking pulses. Braking is thus obtained by physical contact between the braking member and the oscillating member.
  • the regulation pulse applying device is arranged in such a way that the braking energy of each mechanical braking pulse is less than a blocking energy, so as not to momentarily stop the mechanical resonator during the braking pulses. Then, the oscillating member and the braking member are arranged so that the mechanical braking pulses can be applied mainly by a dynamic dry friction between the braking member and the braking surface of the oscillating member.
  • the characteristics of the invention it is possible to add to a basic mechanical movement a control module of its mechanical oscillator (comprising a sprung-balance) without having to modify this basic mechanical movement.
  • a control module of its mechanical oscillator comprising a sprung-balance
  • This is a big advantage.
  • a surface treatment (usually partial) of the balance may be provided for the operation of the sensor.
  • Such a treatment can be limited to affixing a black dot on an arm of the balance or under the serge of this balance in the case of an optical sensor.
  • the design of the basic mechanical movement does not have to be changed to produce a watch assembly according to the invention.
  • the watch assembly according to the invention is formed by a basic watch movement already put, at first, on the market in a watch and which is added, in a second step, a control module according to the invention to increase its accuracy.
  • An adaptation to the level of the dressing of the watch may be necessary, but is not necessarily mandatory.
  • machining at the level of a casing ring may prove sufficient to allow the incorporation of the watch assembly into the watch case already in the possession of a user, that is to say with an addition of a regulation module according to the invention, object of appended claims.
  • the measuring device is arranged to determine whether the time drift of the mechanical oscillator corresponds to at least one advance or at least one delay. Then, the control circuit and the regulation pulse application device are arranged to be able to apply selectively to the mechanical resonator, when the measured time drift corresponds to a certain advance, a first mechanical braking pulse of which at least a major part intervenes between the initial moment and the median moment of an alternation (first half-cycle) and, when the measured time drift corresponds to a certain delay, a second mechanical braking pulse of which at least a major part intervenes between the median moment and the final moment of alternation (second half-alternation).
  • each oscillation period of the mechanical oscillator defines a first alternation followed by a second alternation and each alternation has a passage of the mechanical resonator by its neutral position at said median instant.
  • control circuit and the regulation pulse applying device are arranged to selectively apply to the mechanical resonator, when the measured time drift corresponds to a certain advance, a mechanical braking pulse in a first half. alternation of the oscillation of the mechanical resonator and, when the measured time drift corresponds to a certain delay, a mechanical braking pulse in a second half-wave.
  • the regulating device comprises a device for determining the temporal positions of the mechanical resonator which is arranged to be able to determine, in an alternation of an oscillation of the mechanical resonator, a first moment which takes place before the median instant and after the initial moment of this alternation and, also in a alternation of an oscillation of this mechanical resonator, a second moment which intervenes after the median moment and before the final moment of this alternation.
  • the control circuit is arranged to be able to selectively trigger a first mechanical braking pulse substantially at the first instant and a second mechanical braking pulse substantially at the second instant.
  • the braking surface of the mechanical resonator comprises a first sector, along its axis of oscillation, for the application of the first mechanical braking pulse starting substantially at the first moment and a second sector, along the axis. oscillator, for the application of the second mechanical braking pulse beginning substantially at the second instant, regardless of the oscillation amplitude of the mechanical oscillator in its useful operating range.
  • a watch assembly 2 according to the present invention. It comprises a mechanical watch movement 4 which is formed at least by a mechanism comprising a gear 10 driven by a motor-spring arranged in a barrel 8 (this mechanism is shown partially in FIG. Figure 1 ).
  • the watch movement comprises a mechanical resonator 14, formed by a rocker 16 and a hairspring 18, and a maintenance device of the mechanical resonator forming with this mechanical resonator a mechanical oscillator which controls the operation of the mechanism.
  • the maintenance device comprises an escapement 12, formed here by an anchor and an escape wheel which is kinematically connected to the barrel via
  • the mechanical resonator is capable of oscillating along an axis of oscillation, in particular a circular axis, about a neutral position corresponding to a state of minimal mechanical potential energy. Each oscillation of the mechanical resonator defines a period of oscillation.
  • the watch assembly 2 further comprises a device 6 for electronically regulating the frequency of the mechanical oscillator, this regulating device comprising an electronic control circuit 22 associated with an auxiliary oscillator formed by a quartz resonator 23.
  • auxiliary oscillators may be provided, in particular an oscillator integrated entirely in the control circuit.
  • the auxiliary oscillator is more accurate than the mechanical oscillator.
  • the device 6 also comprises a sensor 24 for detecting at least one angular position of the pendulum when it oscillates and a device 26 for applying regulation pulses to the mechanical resonator 14.
  • the watch assembly comprises a source of energy 28 associated with a device 26 for storing the electrical energy generated by the energy source.
  • the energy source is for example formed by a photovoltaic cell or by a thermoelectric element, these examples being in no way limiting. In the case of a battery, the energy source and the storage device together form one and the same electrical component.
  • the regulation device 6 comprises in its control circuit an electronic control circuit arranged to generate a control signal, which is supplied to the regulation pulse application device which is arranged so as to generate, in response to this control signal, successive control pulses each exerting a certain force torque on the mechanical resonator.
  • the sensor 24 is arranged to be able to detect the passage of at least one reference point of the balance 16 by a certain given position relative to a support of this mechanical resonator.
  • the sensor is arranged to detect at least the passage of the mechanical resonator by its neutral position.
  • the sensor may be associated with the anchor of the exhaust so as to detect the tilting of this anchor during oscillation maintenance pulses which are provided substantially when the resonator passes through. its neutral position.
  • the detection of the neutral point of the resonator makes it possible to generate a reference of useful and stable time within the oscillations. Indeed, in the absence of disturbances (in particular caused by the braking pulses provided for regulation), the passage through the neutral point always occurs exactly in the middle of the alternations, regardless of the amplitude of oscillation. On the other hand, the detection of another angular position of the balance does not give a stable and well-defined temporal reference, in particular with regard to the events that are the passage of the balance-spring by its neutral position and the beginning or the end of the alternations, to know the moments when the balance is at maximum amplitude and at zero angular velocity (corresponding to the inversion of the direction of oscillation).
  • the regulating device 6 also comprises a measuring device arranged to measure, on the basis of position signals supplied by the sensor, a time drift of the mechanical oscillator relative to the auxiliary oscillator. It is understood that such a measurement is easy since there is provided a sensor capable of detecting the passage of the mechanical resonator by its neutral point. Such an event takes place every half-period of oscillation of the mechanical oscillator.
  • the measuring circuit will be described in more detail later.
  • the device 26 for applying control pulses is arranged to be able to apply to the balance 16 mechanical braking pulses to regulate the frequency of the mechanical oscillator when a certain time drift of this mechanical oscillator is noted.
  • the braking energy that is taken by the mechanical resonator by any mechanical braking pulse is lower than the blocking energy of the mechanical oscillator, so as not to momentarily stop the oscillation movement.
  • the blocking energy is normally defined as the kinetic energy of the mechanical resonator at the beginning of the braking pulse minus the potential energy difference of this mechanical resonator between the end and the beginning of the braking pulse in question. as long as the mechanical oscillator does not receive maintenance energy during this braking pulse.
  • the braking pulses do not take place during the tilting of the anchor, tilts during which a contribution is made of maintenance energy of the oscillator. Since the tilting of the anchor generally occurs around the neutral position of the mechanical resonator, it will therefore be avoided to disturb by a braking pulse the oscillation movement of the balance spring as it passes through this neutral position.
  • the regulating pulse application device comprises an actuator 36 having a movable braking member 38, which is actuated in response to a control signal so as to exert on the oscillating member, here the balance, the mechanical resonator some mechanical force during mechanical braking pulses.
  • the actuator 36 comprises a piezoelectric element powered by a circuit 39 which generates an electric voltage as a function of a control signal supplied by the regulation circuit 22. When the piezoelectric element is momentarily energized, the braking member comes into contact with a braking surface of the balance to slow it down.
  • the blade 38 forming the braking member curves and its end portion presses against the circular lateral surface 40 of the serge 17 of the rocker 16.
  • the serge 17 defines, at least over a certain angular sector, a substantially circular braking surface.
  • the braking member comprises a movable part, here the end portion of the blade, which defines a braking pad arranged to exert a pressure against the substantially circular braking surface during the application of the pulses.
  • mechanical braking is provided in the context of the present invention that the oscillating member and the braking member are arranged in such a way that the mechanical braking pulses are applied by a dynamic dry friction or a viscous friction between the control member. braking and a braking surface of the oscillating member.
  • the balance comprises a central shaft which defines, respectively which carries a part other than the beam of the beam defining, at least over a certain angular sector, a circular braking surface.
  • a pad of the braking member is arranged to exert a pressure against this circular braking surface during the application of the mechanical braking pulses.
  • a circular braking surface, for an oscillating member which is pivoted (balance), associated with at least one braking pad, carried by the braking device of the regulation device, constitutes a mechanical braking system which has decisive advantages. Indeed, thanks to such a system, braking pulses can be applied to the mechanical resonator at any moment oscillations, and this independently of the amplitude of oscillation of the balance. Then, it is possible to precisely manage the correction generated by a braking pulse, in particular by an appropriate selection of its duration and by the applied braking force torque. It is also possible, in particular by virtue of the position measurement performed by the sensor, to determine the instants during alternations to apply the braking pulses.
  • At least the braking torque, the duration of the pulses and the respective times at which they are generated can be selected and vary according to the time drift of the mechanical oscillator. In particular, it is thus possible to generate small corrections for fine and precise regulation of the oscillation frequency.
  • the amplitude of oscillation generally varies according to the degree of winding of the barrel (unless a specific device to produce a constant force is provided).
  • the angular position of the balance varies as a function of the amplitude of oscillation. If, for example, braking pulses are chosen to regulate the oscillation frequency always at a determined fixed time interval before or after the resonator has passed through its neutral position (see the preferred regulation principle described later), the braking surface must then extend over a certain angular length so that the pad can in all cases exert a braking force on the balance at different angular positions along the braking surface.
  • the mechanical resonator has a braking surface that extends over at least a certain angular sector having a certain angular length that is non-zero (that is to say, an angular sector is considered as non-punctual), to allow the application of mechanical braking pulses at least at a given moment in the oscillation periods of the mechanical oscillator, regardless of the oscillation amplitude of the mechanical resonator for a useful operating range of the mechanical oscillator.
  • the braking surface of the mechanical resonator comprises at least a first angular sector for the application, in alternations, of first mechanical braking pulses substantially at a first instant situated before the median time of passage. of the mechanical resonator by its neutral position and a second angular sector for the application, in alternations, of second mechanical braking pulses substantially at a second instant after the median instant, irrespective of the oscillation amplitude of the resonator mechanical in a useful operating range of the mechanical oscillator considered.
  • the first and second angular sectors are substantially merged and define thus one and the same angular sector of braking.
  • the first and second angular sectors have a common portion or are distinct.
  • the same considerations apply to a first time interval and a second time interval in which it is possible to apply respectively the first and second braking pulses.
  • the braking surface has an extent allowing the application of mechanical braking pulses at any time oscillations of the mechanical resonator.
  • the pad of the braking member may also have a circular contact surface of the same radius as the braking surface, but such a configuration is not required.
  • the contact surface may in particular be flat, as shown in the figures.
  • a flat surface has the advantage of leaving a certain margin in the positioning of the braking member relative to the balance, which makes it possible to have greater manufacturing and mounting tolerances of the braking device in or on the periphery of the watch movement.
  • the sensor 34 is an optical sensor of the photoelectric type. It comprises a light source, arranged so as to be able to send a beam of light towards the beam, and a light detector, arranged to receive back a light signal whose intensity varies periodically depending on the position of the beam.
  • the beam is sent on the lateral surface of the serge 17, this surface having a limited area with a reflectivity different from the two neighboring zones, so that the sensor can detect the passage of this limited area and provide the control device with a signal position when this event occurs.
  • the circular surface having a variable reflection for the light beam may be located at other points of the beam. The variation can in a particular case be produced by a hole in the reflective surface.
  • the sensor can also detect the passage of a certain portion of the beam, for example an arm, the neutral position corresponding for example in the middle of a signal reflected by the arm or at the beginning, respectively at the end of such a signal.
  • modulation the light signal which may consist of a succession of light pulses received in return by the photodetector, may define the angular position of the beam in various ways, by a negative or positive variation of the light captured.
  • the position sensor may be of the capacitive type or of the inductive type and thus be arranged so as to detect a variation in capacitance or inductance respectively as a function of the position of the balance.
  • the inductive sensor preferably operates without presence of magnetized material on the resonator, for example by detecting the presence of a non-magnetic material or simply a variation in distance between such a material and the sensor.
  • the various elements of the control device 6 form a module independent of the watch movement.
  • this module can be assembled or associated with the mechanical movement 4 that during their assembly in particular in a watch case.
  • such a module can be attached to a casing ring that surrounds the watch movement.
  • the electronic control module can be advantageously associated with the watch movement once the latter fully assembled and adjusted, the assembly and disassembly of this module can occur without having to intervene on the mechanical movement itself.
  • the Figure 3 shows four graphs.
  • the first graph gives the digital signal supplied over time by the sensor 34 when the resonator 14 oscillates, that is to say when the mechanical oscillator of the watch ensemble is activated.
  • the digital signal can be provided in a first variant directly by the sensor, but in a second variant the sensor provides an analog signal and it is the control circuit that converts it into a digital signal, in particular by means of a comparator.
  • the sensor and the balance are arranged to allow the sensor to detect the successive passages of the sprung balance by its neutral position. Such an event occurs twice per oscillation period, once in each of the two half-waves at a time tzn at which the sensor provides a pulse 42.
  • Each oscillation period of the mechanical oscillator defines a first alternation followed by a second alternation between two extreme positions defining the oscillation amplitude of this mechanical oscillator, each alternation having a passage of the mechanical resonator by its neutral position to a median time t Zn and a duration between an initial moment t An-1 , respectively t D1 for the alternation A1 at the Figure 3 and t D2 for the alternation A2 at the Figure 4 , and a final moment t An , respectively t F1 for the alternation A1 to the Figure 3 and t F2 for the alternation A2 at the Figure 4 .
  • each oscillation has two successive alternations which are defined in the present text as the two half-periods during which the rocker is respectively subjected to an oscillation movement in one direction and then an oscillation movement in the other direction.
  • an alternation corresponds to a rocking of the rocker in one direction or the other direction between its two extreme positions defining the amplitude of oscillation.
  • each braking pulse is generated by a mechanical braking which exerts a mechanical braking torque on the mechanical resonator, as shown in the third graph representing the angular speed of the beam.
  • the oscillation period T0 corresponds to a 'free' oscillation (that is to say without application of regulation pulses) of the mechanical oscillator of the watch assembly.
  • the two alternations of one oscillation period each have a duration T0 / 2 without disturbance or external stress (in particular by a regulation pulse).
  • the braking pulse is triggered after a time interval T A1 following the last median time t Zn detected by the sensor before the alternation A1.
  • the duration T A1 is selected greater than a half-alternation T0 / 4 and less than an alternation T0 / 2 less the duration of the braking pulse P1.
  • the duration of this braking pulse is much less than a half-alternation T0 / 4.
  • the braking pulse is generated between the beginning of an alternation and the passage of the resonator by its neutral position in this alternation.
  • the angular velocity in absolute value decreases at the moment of the braking pulse P1.
  • Such a braking pulse induces a negative phase shift T C1 in the oscillation of the resonator, as shown by the two graphs of the angular velocity and the angular position at the Figure 3 , a delay relative to the undisturbed theoretical signal (shown in broken lines).
  • the duration of the alternation A1 is increased by a time interval Tci.
  • the period T1 oscillation, comprising the alternation A1 is extended relative to the value T0. This causes a specific decrease in the frequency of the mechanical oscillator and a momentary slowing of the operation of the associated mechanism.
  • the braking pulse P2 at the instant t P2 which is located after the median moment t N2 at which the resonator passes through its neutral position in the alternation A2. Finally, after the braking pulse P2, this alternation A2 ends at the final time t F2 at which the resonator again occupies an extreme position (maximum positive angular position in the period T2).
  • the braking pulse is triggered after a time interval T A2 according to the median time t N2 of the alternation A2.
  • the duration T A2 is selected less than a half-alternation T0 / 4 less the duration of the braking pulse P2. In the example given, the duration of this braking pulse is much less than half a half cycle.
  • the braking pulse is thus generated, in an alternation, between the median instant at which the resonator passes through its neutral position and the final instant at which this alternation ends and at which the resonator occupies an extreme position.
  • the angular speed in absolute value decreases at the moment of the braking pulse P2.
  • the braking impulse induces here a positive temporal phase shift T C2 in the oscillation of the resonator, as shown by the two graphs of the angular velocity and the angular position at the Figure 4 , an advance relative to the undisturbed theoretical signal (shown in broken lines).
  • the duration of the alternation A2 is reduced by the time interval T C2 .
  • the oscillation period T2 comprising the alternation A2 is therefore shorter than the value T0. This therefore generates a point increase in the frequency of the mechanical oscillator and a momentary acceleration of the operation of the associated mechanism. This phenomenon is surprising and unintuitive, which is why the skilled person ignored it in the past.
  • This regulation process is remarkable in that it takes advantage of a surprising physical phenomenon of mechanical oscillators.
  • the inventors have arrived at the following observation: Contrary to the general education in the horological field, it is possible not only to reduce the frequency of a mechanical oscillator by braking pulses, but it is also possible to increase the frequency such a mechanical oscillator also by braking pulses. The person skilled in the art expects to be able to practically only reduce the frequency of a mechanical oscillator by braking pulses and, as a corollary, to be able only to increase the frequency of such a mechanical oscillator by the application of driving pulses. during a supply of energy to this oscillator.
  • auxiliary oscillator comprising, for example, a quartz resonator
  • a mechanical oscillator which is otherwise very precise, which it momentarily exhibits. frequency slightly too high or too low.
  • the inventors have observed that the effect produced by a control pulse on a mechanical resonator depends on the moment when it is applied in an alternation relative to the moment when this mechanical resonator passes through its neutral position.
  • a braking pulse applied, in any alternation between the two extreme positions of the mechanical resonator, substantially before the passage of the mechanical resonator by its neutral position. (rest position) produces a negative temporal phase shift in the oscillation of this resonator and therefore a delay in the operation of the mechanism clocked by the resonator, while a braking pulse applied in this alternation substantially after the passage of the mechanical resonator by its neutral position produces a positive temporal phase shift in the oscillation of this resonator and thus an advance in the operation of the mechanism. It is thus possible to correct a frequency that is too high or a frequency that is too low only by means of braking pulses.
  • the application of a braking torque during an alternation of the oscillation of a sprung balance causes a negative or positive phase shift in the oscillation of this sprung balance depending on whether this braking torque is applied respectively before or after the sprung balance has passed through its neutral position.
  • a main embodiment of the watch assembly according to the invention is characterized by a particular arrangement of the mechanical oscillator control device and in particular the electronic control circuit.
  • this control device comprises a measurement device arranged to measure, if necessary, a temporal drift of the oscillator mechanical relative to an auxiliary oscillator, which is implicitly more accurate than the mechanical resonator, and to determine if this time drift corresponds to at least some advance or at least some delay.
  • the control device comprises a control circuit connected to the regulating pulse application device described above, which are arranged to be able to apply to the mechanical resonator, when the time drift of the mechanical oscillator corresponds to at least some advance, a first braking pulse substantially in a first half-wave before the median time of passage of the mechanical resonator by its neutral position and, when the time drift of the mechanical oscillator corresponds to at least a certain delay, a second pulse braking substantially in a second half-wave after the median time of passage of the mechanical resonator by its neutral position.
  • the control device comprises a device for determining the temporal positions of the mechanical resonator, this determination device being arranged to be able to determine, in an alternation of an oscillation, a first moment which occurs before the median moment of passage of the mechanical resonator by its neutral position and after the initial moment at which this alternation begins, and, in the same alternation or another alternation of an oscillation, a second moment which intervenes after the median moment of passage of the mechanical resonator by its neutral position and before the final moment at which this alternation ends. Then, the control circuit is arranged to selectively trigger a first braking pulse substantially at the first instant and a second braking pulse substantially at the second instant.
  • the device for determining the temporal positions of the mechanical resonator may have elements or members in common with the measuring device, in particular the position measuring sensor, and with the control circuit, for example a logic circuit and possibly a counter.
  • the control circuit for example a logic circuit and possibly a counter.
  • the regulator device 46 comprises an electronic control circuit 48 and an auxiliary resonator 23.
  • This auxiliary resonator is for example an electronic quartz resonator.
  • the sensor 24 here provides an analog signal consisting of pulses involved in the successive passages of the sprung balance by its neutral position. This analog signal is compared with a reference voltage UREF by means of a hysteresis comparator 50 (Schmidt trigger) arranged in the circuit 48 in order to generate a digital signal 'Comp' for the digital electronics of the control circuit.
  • the comparator is an element of a measurement circuit 52 described hereinafter. Since there are two pulses 42 per oscillation period of the mechanical resonator, the digital signal 'Comp' is supplied to a flip-flop 54, which regularly provides one pulse per oscillation period. The flip-flop increments, at the instantaneous frequency of the mechanical oscillator, a bidirectional counter C2, which is decremented at a nominal frequency / reference frequency by a clock signal S hor derived from the auxiliary oscillator which generates a digital signal at a reference frequency. This auxiliary oscillator is formed of the auxiliary resonator 23 and a clock circuit 56.
  • the relatively high frequency reference signal generated by the clock circuit is divided beforehand by dividers DIV1 and DIV2 (these two dividers that can form two floors of the same divider).
  • the state of the counter C2 determines the advance or the delay accumulated over time by the relative mechanical oscillator. to the auxiliary oscillator with a resolution substantially corresponding to a set period, the state of the counter being supplied to a control logic circuit 58.
  • the state of the counter C2 corresponds to the time drift of the mechanical oscillator.
  • this circuit is initialized at the step POR.
  • a reset ('reset') of the counter C2 is performed.
  • the detection of a first rising edge of the digital signal 'Comp' is awaited.
  • the control circuit 58 resets ('reset') the counter C1.
  • the control circuit checks whether a certain time drift has been observed. More particularly, it determines whether the eventual time drift corresponds to a certain advance (C2> N1?) Or to a certain delay (C2 ⁇ - N2?).
  • N1 and N2 are natural numbers (positive integers not equal to zero). In the case where such an advance, respectively such a delay is not noted, the control circuit terminates the sequence (implemented in loop) and it waits for the appearance of a new pulse 42 in the sensor signal.
  • the control circuit waits for the counter C1 to measure a first time interval T A1 (see Figure 3 ) and then it sends a control signal to a timer 60 ('Timer') which immediately closes a switch 62 (which then goes to the 'ON' state) to power up the mechanical braking device, more specifically to that the latter activates its mechanical braking device during a braking period T R.
  • the switch 62 In the case of a piezoelectric element used to move the movable end portion of the blade 38 towards the serge or the balance shaft (see Figure 2 ), the switch 62 then controls the power of this piezoelectric element.
  • the first interval T A1 is selected greater than a half-alternation T0 / 4 and less than an alternation T0 / 2 decreased by at least the duration of the braking pulse, so that the integer of this braking pulse is applied in an alternation before the passage of the mechanical resonator by its neutral position, to cause a decrease in the instantaneous frequency of the mechanical oscillator, since the time drift indicates that its free frequency is higher on average than the nominal frequency, ie greater than the reference frequency determined by the auxiliary oscillator.
  • the sequence is completed and a new sequence is started with the expectation of the appearance of a new pulse 42 in the signal supplied by the sensor.
  • the control circuit waits for the counter C1 to measure a second time interval T A2 (see Figure 4 ) and then it sends a control signal to the timer 60 ('Timer') which immediately closes the switch 62 so that the mechanical braking device activates its mechanical braking member during a braking period T R.
  • the sequence is completed and a new sequence is started with the expectation of the appearance of a new pulse 42 in the signal supplied by the sensor.
  • the second interval T A2 is selected less than a half-alternation T0 / 4 minus the duration of the braking pulse, so that the integer of this braking pulse is applied alternately after the passage of the mechanical resonator by its neutral position and before the end of the alternation in question to generate an increase in the instantaneous frequency of the mechanical oscillator, since the time drift indicates that its free frequency is lower on average than the reference frequency.
  • the time intervals T A1 and T A2 start exactly at the passages of the mechanical resonator by its neutral position. However, if the pulses 42 are centered on such an event and have a certain non-zero duration, the detection of their rising edge or their falling edge then has a certain time shift with respect to this event. Therefore, it will be understood that the ranges of values for the intervals T A1 and T A2 may be here slightly different from those resulting from the Figures 3 and 4 (Small variations of the limit values, substantially half of the duration of the position pulses) to satisfy the two main conditions of the control process.
  • the sensor, the comparator 50, the control circuit 58 and the counter C1, incremented by the clock circuit 60 via the divider DIV1, together form a device for determining the temporal positions of the mechanical resonator which makes it possible to apply pulses of mechanical braking in various alternations selectively before and after the passage of the mechanical resonator by its neutral position.
  • the preferred regulation method described above can be implemented efficiently and safely, so as to correct a natural frequency of the mechanical oscillator which is too high or too low relative to the reference frequency generated by the clock circuit 60 via the dividers.
  • the time position determining device is thus arranged to measure, following the detection of a passage of the resonator by its neutral position, a first time interval and a second time interval whose respective ends respectively define a first time and a second time interval. second moment which are located temporally, in any alternation of the oscillation of the mechanical resonator, respectively before and after the moment of the passage of this resonator by its neutral position.
  • a variant of the second embodiment of the invention which defines an improvement of the regulation device according to the invention in connection with a management of the electrical energy consumed by the sensor.
  • the elements of the regulation circuit 48A which are identical with those of the variant described with reference to the Figures 5 and 6 , will not be described again here, the same for the control method that corresponds to that of this variant described above.
  • the regulating device 66 differs from the regulating device 46 in that the sensor 24 has a standby mode or can even be de-energized. Thus, by 'OFF' state, it is understood that the sensor is rendered momentarily inactive and that it is then in a state of lower power consumption than in its 'ON' state in which it detects the rocking of the mechanical resonator.
  • the control circuit 58A is arranged to supply a control signal S CAP to a switch 68 which controls the supply of the sensor 24, respectively which controls the state of this sensor between its 'ON' state and its state OFF.
  • the duration of T ON is expected to be less than half-alternation T0 / 4 to minimize the energy consumption of the sensor.
  • the digital signal 'Comp' has pulses of relatively short duration, so that the detection of a pulse 42 per oscillation period only requires a relatively small time window T ON .
  • the comparator 50 delivers only one pulse 42 per oscillation period, so that the latch provided in the previous variant is removed.
  • the comparator 50 directly supplies its output signal to the counter C2.
  • the power supply of the sensor appears by putting the sensor in its 'OFF' state in each sequence of the control method after detecting the falling edge of a pulse 42 of the signal 'Comp'.
  • the falling edge of the pulses 42 of the position signal is detected.
  • the sensor can thus detect the integer of a position pulse 42 in the interval T ON .
  • the detection of the rising edge or the falling edge does not change anything.
  • detection of the rising edge of the pulses is also possible to trigger the passage of the sensor from its 'ON' state to its 'OFF' state. In the latter case, the duration of the pulses 42 is greatly reduced since the sensor is rendered inactive directly after the start of these pulses.
  • Such an implementation variant makes it possible to further reduce the consumption of the sensor.
  • the sensor When activating the regulation device, the sensor is put directly in its 'ON' state pending the detection of the falling edge of a first pulse 42 (corresponding to a passage through the neutral position of the mechanical resonator) . As soon as this detection is made, the sensor is set to its 'OFF' state (OFF sensor) and the control sequence continues as in the previous variant. On the other hand, whether a braking pulse is generated or not, the control circuit 58A continues to follow the incrementation of the counter C1 until its value corresponds to the expected time interval T OFF . Then the sequence ends with a new sensor activation (Sensor ON) which also marks the beginning of a next sequence.
  • the algorithm as given to the Figure 9 provides that the duration T OFF is greater than the duration T A1 .
  • This condition indicates that the T OFF interval is substantially greater than an alternation T0 / 2.
  • it is intended to detect the passage through the neutral position only once in a time interval nT0 corresponding to several oscillation periods (n> 1).
  • the measurement device is modified accordingly so that the counter C2 receives only one setpoint pulse, derived from the auxiliary oscillator, in successive intervals nT0.
  • the actuator of this braking device comprises two braking modules 76 and 78 each formed by a blade 38A, respectively 38B actuated by a magnetic magnet-coil system 80A, respectively 80B.
  • the coils of the two magnetic systems are respectively controlled by two power supply circuits 82A and 82B which are electrically connected to the control circuit 22.
  • the blades 38A and 38B define a first braking pad and a second braking pad.
  • These two braking pads are arranged so that, during the application of the mechanical braking pulses, they come to exert on the balance respectively two radial forces diametrically opposed relative to the axis of rotation of the balance 16 and opposite directions.
  • the force torque exerted by each of the two pads during a braking pulse is provided substantially equal to the other.
  • the resultant forces in the general plane of the balance is substantially zero so that no radial force is exerted on the balance shaft during the braking pulses. This avoids mechanical stresses for the pivots of this balance shaft and more generally at the bearings associated with these pivots.
  • Such an arrangement may advantageously be incorporated in a variant where braking is performed on the balance shaft or on a disc of relatively small diameter carried by this shaft.
  • the braking force exerted on the beam may be provided axially.
  • the actuator is arranged so that, during the application of the braking pulses, the first pad and the second pad come to exert on the balance two axial forces substantially aligned and in opposite directions.
  • the force torque exerted by each of the two pads during a braking pulse is provided here also substantially equal to the other.
  • the actuator comprises a clock-type motor 86 and a braking member 90 which is mounted on a rotor 88, with a permanent magnet, of this motor so as to exert a certain pressure on the rocker 16 of the resonator 14 when the rotor carries out a certain rotation, which is generated by a supply of a motor coil during the braking pulses in response to a control signal provided by the control circuit.

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  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromechanical Clocks (AREA)
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EP17203916.6A 2016-12-23 2017-11-27 Regulierung durch mechanisches bremsen eines mechanischen oszillators einer uhr Active EP3339982B1 (de)

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EP3629104A1 (de) 2018-09-27 2020-04-01 The Swatch Group Research and Development Ltd Uhrwerksanordnung, die einen mechanischen oszillator umfasst, der mit einer elektronischen vorrichtung zur regulierung seiner mittleren frequenz verbunden ist
WO2021121711A1 (fr) * 2019-12-17 2021-06-24 The Swatch Group Research And Development Ltd Piece d'horlogerie munie d'un mouvement mecanique et d'un dispositif de correction d'une heure affichee
CN113031424A (zh) * 2019-12-24 2021-06-25 斯沃奇集团研究及开发有限公司 带有机械机芯和用于校正显示时间的校正装置的时计

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EP3502798B1 (de) * 2017-12-20 2020-06-24 The Swatch Group Research and Development Ltd Uhrwerksanordnung, die einen mechanischen oszillator umfasst, der mit einer einstellvorrichtung verbunden ist
EP3502796B1 (de) * 2017-12-20 2020-05-20 The Swatch Group Research and Development Ltd Uhrwerksanordnung, die einen mechanischen oszillator umfasst, der mit einer einstellvorrichtung verbunden ist
EP3502797B1 (de) * 2017-12-20 2020-07-08 The Swatch Group Research and Development Ltd Uhrwerksanordnung, die einen mechanischen oszillator umfasst, der mit einer einstellvorrichtung verbunden ist
US10509367B2 (en) * 2018-04-11 2019-12-17 Randy Alarcon Skeletonized electronic tourbillon simulator with repeater
EP3620867B1 (de) * 2018-09-04 2022-01-05 The Swatch Group Research and Development Ltd Uhr, die einen mechanischen oszillator umfasst, dessen durchschnittliche frequenz mit der eines elektronischen referenzoszillators synchronisiert ist
EP3627242B1 (de) * 2018-09-19 2021-07-21 The Swatch Group Research and Development Ltd Optimierter magnetomechanischer uhrhemmungsmechanismus
EP3663872B1 (de) * 2018-12-06 2022-06-08 The Swatch Group Research and Development Ltd Steuerungsverfahren für einen gleichstromelektromotor
EP3663870B1 (de) * 2018-12-06 2021-08-11 The Swatch Group Research and Development Ltd Elektromotor mit asymmetrischen statorinduktoren
EP3719588B1 (de) 2019-04-03 2021-11-03 The Swatch Group Research and Development Ltd Automatisch regulierbarer oszillator einer uhr
EP3767397B1 (de) * 2019-07-19 2022-04-20 The Swatch Group Research and Development Ltd Uhrwerk mit einem drehelement, das eine magnetisierte struktur mit periodischer konfigurierung besitzt
JP7277336B2 (ja) * 2019-10-17 2023-05-18 セイコーインスツル株式会社 時計用ムーブメントおよび時計
EP4174586B1 (de) 2021-10-29 2024-05-29 The Swatch Group Research and Development Ltd Uhreneinheit, die eine armbanduhr und ein uhrzeitkorrektursystem umfasst

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EP3584645A1 (de) * 2018-06-19 2019-12-25 The Swatch Group Research and Development Ltd Uhr, die ein mechanisches uhrwerk umfasst, dessen ganggenauigkeit durch eine elektromechanische vorrichtung reguliert wird
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WO2021121711A1 (fr) * 2019-12-17 2021-06-24 The Swatch Group Research And Development Ltd Piece d'horlogerie munie d'un mouvement mecanique et d'un dispositif de correction d'une heure affichee
CN114787723A (zh) * 2019-12-17 2022-07-22 斯沃奇集团研究及开发有限公司 带有机械机芯和用于校正显示时间的校正装置的时计
CN113031424A (zh) * 2019-12-24 2021-06-25 斯沃奇集团研究及开发有限公司 带有机械机芯和用于校正显示时间的校正装置的时计
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US11586150B2 (en) 2019-12-24 2023-02-21 The Swatch Group Research And Development Ltd Timepiece provided with a mechanical movement and a device for correcting a displayed time

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JP6523414B2 (ja) 2019-05-29
EP3339982B1 (de) 2021-08-25
US20180181073A1 (en) 2018-06-28
HK1256649A1 (zh) 2019-09-27
JP2018105852A (ja) 2018-07-05
CN108241281A (zh) 2018-07-03
US10386791B2 (en) 2019-08-20

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