EP3130966B1 - Mechanisches uhrwerk, das mit einem bewegungsrückkopplungssysteme ausgestattet ist - Google Patents

Mechanisches uhrwerk, das mit einem bewegungsrückkopplungssysteme ausgestattet ist Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3130966B1
EP3130966B1 EP15180503.3A EP15180503A EP3130966B1 EP 3130966 B1 EP3130966 B1 EP 3130966B1 EP 15180503 A EP15180503 A EP 15180503A EP 3130966 B1 EP3130966 B1 EP 3130966B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
wheel
timepiece movement
mechanical timepiece
frequency
exciter wheel
Prior art date
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EP15180503.3A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP3130966A1 (de
Inventor
Pascal Winkler
Gianni Di Domenico
Thierry Conus
Jean-Luc Helfer
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ETA SA Manufacture Horlogere Suisse
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ETA SA Manufacture Horlogere Suisse
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Application filed by ETA SA Manufacture Horlogere Suisse filed Critical ETA SA Manufacture Horlogere Suisse
Priority to EP15180503.3A priority Critical patent/EP3130966B1/de
Priority to US15/196,215 priority patent/US9971309B2/en
Priority to JP2016143171A priority patent/JP6322671B2/ja
Priority to KR1020160100242A priority patent/KR101897870B1/ko
Priority to CN201610647417.6A priority patent/CN106444337B/zh
Priority to RU2016133127A priority patent/RU2718348C2/ru
Publication of EP3130966A1 publication Critical patent/EP3130966A1/de
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Publication of EP3130966B1 publication Critical patent/EP3130966B1/de
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Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G04—HOROLOGY
    • G04C—ELECTROMECHANICAL CLOCKS OR WATCHES
    • G04C3/00—Electromechanical clocks or watches independent of other time-pieces and in which the movement is maintained by electric means
    • G04C3/08—Electromechanical clocks or watches independent of other time-pieces and in which the movement is maintained by electric means wherein movement is regulated by a mechanical oscillator other than a pendulum or balance, e.g. by a tuning fork, e.g. electrostatically
    • G04C3/10—Electromechanical clocks or watches independent of other time-pieces and in which the movement is maintained by electric means wherein movement is regulated by a mechanical oscillator other than a pendulum or balance, e.g. by a tuning fork, e.g. electrostatically driven by electromagnetic means
    • G04C3/101—Electromechanical clocks or watches independent of other time-pieces and in which the movement is maintained by electric means wherein movement is regulated by a mechanical oscillator other than a pendulum or balance, e.g. by a tuning fork, e.g. electrostatically driven by electromagnetic means constructional details
    • G04C3/107—Controlling frequency or amplitude of the oscillating system
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G04—HOROLOGY
    • G04B—MECHANICALLY-DRIVEN CLOCKS OR WATCHES; MECHANICAL PARTS OF CLOCKS OR WATCHES IN GENERAL; TIME PIECES USING THE POSITION OF THE SUN, MOON OR STARS
    • G04B15/00—Escapements
    • G04B15/10—Escapements with constant impulses for the regulating mechanism
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G04—HOROLOGY
    • G04B—MECHANICALLY-DRIVEN CLOCKS OR WATCHES; MECHANICAL PARTS OF CLOCKS OR WATCHES IN GENERAL; TIME PIECES USING THE POSITION OF THE SUN, MOON OR STARS
    • G04B17/00—Mechanisms for stabilising frequency
    • G04B17/20—Compensation of mechanisms for stabilising frequency
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G04—HOROLOGY
    • G04B—MECHANICALLY-DRIVEN CLOCKS OR WATCHES; MECHANICAL PARTS OF CLOCKS OR WATCHES IN GENERAL; TIME PIECES USING THE POSITION OF THE SUN, MOON OR STARS
    • G04B17/00—Mechanisms for stabilising frequency
    • G04B17/20—Compensation of mechanisms for stabilising frequency
    • G04B17/26—Compensation of mechanisms for stabilising frequency for the effect of variations of the impulses
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G04—HOROLOGY
    • G04B—MECHANICALLY-DRIVEN CLOCKS OR WATCHES; MECHANICAL PARTS OF CLOCKS OR WATCHES IN GENERAL; TIME PIECES USING THE POSITION OF THE SUN, MOON OR STARS
    • G04B17/00—Mechanisms for stabilising frequency
    • G04B17/20—Compensation of mechanisms for stabilising frequency
    • G04B17/28—Compensation of mechanisms for stabilising frequency for the effect of imbalance of the weights, e.g. tourbillon
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G04—HOROLOGY
    • G04B—MECHANICALLY-DRIVEN CLOCKS OR WATCHES; MECHANICAL PARTS OF CLOCKS OR WATCHES IN GENERAL; TIME PIECES USING THE POSITION OF THE SUN, MOON OR STARS
    • G04B18/00—Mechanisms for setting frequency
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G04—HOROLOGY
    • G04B—MECHANICALLY-DRIVEN CLOCKS OR WATCHES; MECHANICAL PARTS OF CLOCKS OR WATCHES IN GENERAL; TIME PIECES USING THE POSITION OF THE SUN, MOON OR STARS
    • G04B18/00—Mechanisms for setting frequency
    • G04B18/02—Regulator or adjustment devices; Indexing devices, e.g. raquettes
    • G04B18/028—Setting the regulator by means coupled to or depending on another device, e.g. by the time indication setting mechanism
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G04—HOROLOGY
    • G04B—MECHANICALLY-DRIVEN CLOCKS OR WATCHES; MECHANICAL PARTS OF CLOCKS OR WATCHES IN GENERAL; TIME PIECES USING THE POSITION OF THE SUN, MOON OR STARS
    • G04B18/00—Mechanisms for setting frequency
    • G04B18/04—Adjusting the beat of the pendulum, balance, or the like, e.g. putting into beat
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G04—HOROLOGY
    • G04C—ELECTROMECHANICAL CLOCKS OR WATCHES
    • G04C3/00—Electromechanical clocks or watches independent of other time-pieces and in which the movement is maintained by electric means
    • G04C3/02—Electromechanical clocks or watches independent of other time-pieces and in which the movement is maintained by electric means wherein movement is regulated by a pendulum
    • G04C3/021—Electromechanical clocks or watches independent of other time-pieces and in which the movement is maintained by electric means wherein movement is regulated by a pendulum using mechanical coupling
    • G04C3/022—Electromechanical clocks or watches independent of other time-pieces and in which the movement is maintained by electric means wherein movement is regulated by a pendulum using mechanical coupling with constant impulses
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G04—HOROLOGY
    • G04C—ELECTROMECHANICAL CLOCKS OR WATCHES
    • G04C3/00—Electromechanical clocks or watches independent of other time-pieces and in which the movement is maintained by electric means
    • G04C3/04—Electromechanical clocks or watches independent of other time-pieces and in which the movement is maintained by electric means wherein movement is regulated by a balance
    • G04C3/06—Electromechanical clocks or watches independent of other time-pieces and in which the movement is maintained by electric means wherein movement is regulated by a balance using electromagnetic coupling between electric power source and balance
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G04—HOROLOGY
    • G04C—ELECTROMECHANICAL CLOCKS OR WATCHES
    • G04C3/00—Electromechanical clocks or watches independent of other time-pieces and in which the movement is maintained by electric means
    • G04C3/08—Electromechanical clocks or watches independent of other time-pieces and in which the movement is maintained by electric means wherein movement is regulated by a mechanical oscillator other than a pendulum or balance, e.g. by a tuning fork, e.g. electrostatically
    • G04C3/10—Electromechanical clocks or watches independent of other time-pieces and in which the movement is maintained by electric means wherein movement is regulated by a mechanical oscillator other than a pendulum or balance, e.g. by a tuning fork, e.g. electrostatically driven by electromagnetic means
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G04—HOROLOGY
    • G04C—ELECTROMECHANICAL CLOCKS OR WATCHES
    • G04C5/00—Electric or magnetic means for converting oscillatory to rotary motion in time-pieces, i.e. electric or magnetic escapements
    • G04C5/005—Magnetic or electromagnetic means
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G04—HOROLOGY
    • G04D—APPARATUS OR TOOLS SPECIALLY DESIGNED FOR MAKING OR MAINTAINING CLOCKS OR WATCHES
    • G04D7/00—Measuring, counting, calibrating, testing or regulating apparatus
    • G04D7/10—Measuring, counting, calibrating, testing or regulating apparatus for hairsprings of balances
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G04—HOROLOGY
    • G04D—APPARATUS OR TOOLS SPECIALLY DESIGNED FOR MAKING OR MAINTAINING CLOCKS OR WATCHES
    • G04D7/00—Measuring, counting, calibrating, testing or regulating apparatus
    • G04D7/12—Timing devices for clocks or watches for comparing the rate of the oscillating member with a standard
    • G04D7/1257—Timing devices for clocks or watches for comparing the rate of the oscillating member with a standard wherein further adjustment devices are present

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a mechanical clockwork movement provided with a movement feedback system.
  • the mechanical watchmaking movement of a watch has undergone numerous improvements, in particular to adapt or adjust the oscillation frequency of the sprung balance as a resonator of the local oscillator.
  • the classic mechanical watch movement and in particular its Swiss lever escapement is characterized by its robustness against the shocks suffered by the watch. This means that the state of the watch is generally not affected during a specific shock. However, the efficiency of such an exhaust is not very good for example about 30%.
  • the Swiss lever escapement does not allow the use of resonators, whose frequency is high or the amplitude is low.
  • the principle of the Swiss lever escapement In order to maintain a resonator of a local oscillator at a high frequency, the principle of the Swiss lever escapement must be adapted. To do this, an increase in frequency of the adjustment member requires more energy to maintain the oscillator. To reduce the energy, it can be expected to reduce the mass or inertia of the oscillator, reduce the amplitude of oscillation, increase the quality factor of the oscillator, or have a better energy transmission efficiency between the motor member and the adjusting member. Thus with a traditional Swiss lever escapement, too much energy is consumed by providing multiple times per second acceleration and a stop. Even minimizing the anchor and its wheel, it does not allow to easily achieve a high frequency oscillator.
  • a magnetic type exhaust with the energy transmitted sinusoidally and continuously.
  • a mechanical drive member transmits a force torque to a gear train.
  • a magnetic rotor transmits energy to the resonator of the local oscillator, on which are fixed permanent magnets.
  • the speed of the gear is synchronized with the natural frequency of the resonator.
  • the resonator as a regulator controls the measurement of time.
  • the scrolling speed of the timekeeping hands is controlled by a precise and regular division of time.
  • Such a resonator can replace the traditional balance spring to better meet the requirements and constraints of a high frequency oscillation to improve accuracy. There are no more specific fixation points. It is more rigid and allows a use of the first mode of natural vibration. The quality factor is also higher than the traditional oscillator even at low amplitude.
  • a means is sought for using a resonator of a local oscillator, which has a high quality factor, a high frequency and / or low amplitudes. This is expected without giving up the impact strength of a Swiss lever escapement.
  • the main purpose of the invention is thus to overcome the aforementioned drawbacks by proposing a mechanical clockwork movement equipped with a feedback system able to precisely adapt the oscillation frequency of a resonator of a local oscillator of the mechanical movement. .
  • the present invention relates to a mechanical clockwork which comprises the features of the independent claim 1.
  • An advantage of the mechanical clockwork according to the invention lies in the fact that there can be an optimization of the accuracy of the reference oscillator without worrying about its impact resistance and thus to be able to optimize the impact resistance of the local oscillator without worrying about its accuracy.
  • Another advantage is to be able to offer such a product, which respects the aesthetic watchmaking codes, thanks to the presence of a spiral balance as a local oscillator, while allowing a gain of precision by the use of a reference oscillator, which can be high frequency.
  • FIG. 1 there is shown a mechanical clockwork movement 1 equipped with a feedback system 2 to precisely adapt the step or the operation of a conventional mechanical movement 1 '.
  • This conventional mechanical movement 1 ' comprises a source of mechanical energy 11, which is at least one cylinder, a transmission assembly 12 and a local oscillator 13.
  • the transmission assembly 12 includes a set of gear wheels 12 driven to a first end wheel by the barrel 11.
  • the wheels of the set of gear wheels 12 are preferably gear wheels.
  • a final drive wheel of the set of gear wheels 12 drives an escape mechanism of a local oscillator 13.
  • This local oscillator 13 also includes a resonator, which is in the form of a balance spring.
  • the feedback system 2 can be connected to the input of the local oscillator 13 in order to control in particular the oscillation frequency of the resonator of the local oscillator.
  • the connection between the conventional mechanical movement 1 'and the feedback system 2 can be effected via the last wheel of the set of gear wheels 12.
  • the feedback system 2 firstly comprises a reference oscillator 21, which is precise, that is to say at least more accurate than the resonator of the local oscillator 13.
  • the feedback system 2 comprises still a step comparator 22, which is connected to or combined with the reference oscillator or resonator 21 so as to compare the operation of the two oscillators 21, 13, and an adjustment mechanism 23.
  • This adjustment mechanism 23 makes it possible to adapt the oscillation frequency of the resonator of the local oscillator 13 on the basis of a result of the comparison in the step comparator 22.
  • the frequency of the resonator, such as the spiral balance of the local oscillator 13 can thus be be be adapted by the adjustment mechanism, which will be explained below, to slow down or accelerate the resonator of the local oscillator.
  • the oscillation frequency or the speed of rotation of a wheel in connection with the local oscillator and / or the reference oscillator.
  • the figure 2 represents in more detail the various elements of the conventional mechanical movement of the mechanical clockwork movement 1.
  • the conventional mechanical movement thus comprises the barrel 11, which comprises an external toothing for meshing with a central pinion 121 'of a first wheel 121 of the set of gear wheels 12. A multiplication of the speed of rotation of the first wheel 121 is thus obtained with respect to the speed of rotation of the external toothing of the barrel.
  • the set of gear wheels 12 may further comprise a second wheel 122, a central gear 122 'of which is driven by the external toothing of the first wheel 121.
  • a multiplication of rotational speed also occurs with the second wheel 122 rotating more the first wheel 121.
  • a third wheel 123 can be further provided and be driven via a central gear 123 ', by the external toothing of the second wheel 122.
  • a multiplication of rotational speed also occurs with the third wheel 123 turning faster than the second wheel 122.
  • This third wheel 123 may be the last wheel of the set of gear wheels 12 to drive one or more needles indicating the time of the mechanical watch.
  • the last wheel 123 of the set of gear wheels 12 drives an exhaust mechanism of the local oscillator 13.
  • This exhaust mechanism may comprise an escape wheel 16, a central gear 16 'is driven by the last wheel 123, and a Swiss anchor 15 meshing with the escape wheel and cooperating conventionally with a balance spring 14.
  • This balance sprocket 14 has a spiral spring 14 'fixed on the one hand by one of its ends on the axis of rotation of the beam and secondly at its other end to a stud generally fixed on the watch plate.
  • the oscillation frequency of the sprung balance is controlled and adapted by the feedback system 2.
  • FIG. figure 3 A first embodiment of the feedback system 2 is shown in FIG. figure 3 .
  • This feedback system includes a frequency discriminator. Since the local oscillator of the conventional mechanical movement is imprecise, but shock-resistant, said motion excites a more accurate oscillator or resonator 32, 32 ', 33, 33' of the feedback system. The operation of the reference resonator is thus compared to the operation of the resonator of the local oscillator by means of a step comparator 35, 36, 36 '. The output of the step comparator drives an element of the adjustment mechanism to regulate the local oscillator resonator operation.
  • the reference resonator is combined with the step comparator. There is a magnetic interaction with a rotating wheel related to the classical mechanical movement for the excitation of the reference resonator and to allow the comparison of the oscillator step.
  • An excitation wheel 31 may be in direct connection with one of the wheels of the set of gear wheels of the conventional mechanical movement. This excitation wheel may also be directly one of the wheels of said set of gear wheels or there may be a multiplier or divider arrangement between one of the wheels of the assembly and the excitation wheel 31.
  • the excitation wheel 31 turns therefore to a certain rotation speed V ext , which is proportional to the excitation pulse of the local oscillator.
  • This excitation wheel 31 has a number N of teeth at the periphery.
  • the number of teeth N can be an odd number, for example it can be provided 9 teeth for the excitation wheel.
  • the oscillator or reference resonator of the feedback system has at least one permanent magnet 33 arranged at a first free end of an arm 32 of the resonator, which is fixed by a base 34 to a movable frame 35 mounted on a plate of the movement. of watch.
  • This permanent magnet 33 is disposed near the excitation wheel 31 and preferably with a magnetic polarization of the magnet oriented towards the center of the excitation wheel 31.
  • the permanent magnet 33 is attracted to the excitation wheel 31 when a tooth close to the magnet is present, and is much less attracted to the excitation wheel when the magnet is facing a gap between two teeth. of the excitation wheel. As the excitation wheel rotates at a certain speed of rotation V ext , the magnet 33 will oscillate at a certain frequency ⁇ 0 by the magnetic interaction with said excitation wheel 31.
  • an excitation frequency ⁇ ext is determined on the basis of the own speed of rotation of the wheel V ext .
  • the excitation frequency ⁇ ext is therefore equal to N ⁇ V ext , where N is the number of teeth of the excitation wheel.
  • the number of teeth N can be an odd number, for example it can be provided 9 teeth for the excitation wheel. It is therefore this excitation frequency ⁇ ext , which can be compared with the oscillation frequency ⁇ 0 of the reference oscillator to compare the operation of the two oscillators.
  • the two permanent magnets 33, 33' are arranged near the excitation wheel 31 and in positions diametrically opposed with the excitation wheel 31 between the two permanent magnets 33, 33 '.
  • the movable frame 35 is preferably a hollow wheel arranged coaxially with the excitation wheel 31.
  • This hollow wheel 35 is kept free of rotation on the plate by means of rollers or rods or ball bearings 38 in contact with each other. an inner surface of the hollow wheel 35.
  • the number of rollers or rods or ball bearings 38 must be at least three so that the frame or hollow wheel can rotate along the same axis of rotation as the excitation wheel.
  • the chassis or hollow wheel 35 is in contrast held in a defined position by means of at least one return spring 36, or two return springs 36, 36 'fixed on one side to the plate.
  • each return spring 36, 36 is connected to the hollow wheel in diametrically opposed positions.
  • the reference oscillator in the form of a tuning fork When the excitation wheel 31 rotates at a certain rotation speed V ext , the reference oscillator in the form of a tuning fork will be excited at an oscillation frequency ⁇ 0 .
  • the excitation of the reference oscillator is obtained thanks to the rotation of the excitation wheel 31, which is made of a ferromagnetic material to interact magnetically with the permanent magnet or magnets 33, 33 'supported at a first end of the arms 32, 32 '.
  • Said excitation wheel 31 may also have only ferromagnetic portions on or in the teeth to interact magnetically with the permanent magnets 33, 33 '.
  • a layer of a ferromagnetic material may also be deposited continuously on the teeth at the periphery of the excitation wheel 31. There is thus a magnetic interaction torque or coupling torque. Since the rotation of the excitation wheel is counter-clockwise, the frame 35 will tend to move in a counter-clockwise direction as well, being retained by the return springs 36,
  • the rotation speed of the excitation wheel 31 can increase gradually, then stabilize in principle close to the pulsation of reference ⁇ 0 . As indicated above, there is in this case hooking. On the other hand, if the interaction torque is further increased, the system picks up and the speed of the excitation wheel 31 is limited only by the friction. Thus it is sought to have a synchronization of the operation of the two oscillators via the feedback system.
  • the mobile frame 35 will therefore take a position, which balances the coupling torque and the torque of the return springs 36, 36 '.
  • the chassis further comprises a toothed portion for meshing for example with an output wheel 37.
  • the angular position ⁇ of the output wheel 37 therefore proportionally represents a difference between the pulsations ⁇ ext - ⁇ 0 to allow adjustment of the local oscillator through the output wheel 37, which is one of the elements of the adjustment mechanism.
  • the frame 35 and the return springs 36, 36 ' can be integrated into a single piece.
  • the reference oscillator can take other forms than a tuning fork.
  • the permanent magnets can also be arranged on the excitation wheel with the arms of ferromagnetic material 32, 32 'of the tuning fork. An end portion of each arm is facing the excitation wheel so as to be excited by the rotation of said excitation wheel 31.
  • the figure 5 is a simplified representation of a first embodiment of the adjustment mechanism of the feedback system to be able to adjust the operation of the local oscillator according to the difference determined in the step comparator of the feedback system.
  • the local oscillator is represented on this figure 5 only by the rocker 14 with the spiral spring 14 '.
  • the adjustment mechanism is represented by the output wheel 37 of the feedback system, which meshes with a basic toothed portion by example in the form of an arc of a movable adjusting member 137.
  • the adjusting member is rotatably mounted on the watch plate about an axis parallel to the axis of rotation of the balance wheel, but outside the balance -spiral 14.
  • the adjusting member further comprises a spout at the end of an arm opposite to the toothed portion.
  • the adjusting nose is likely to approach or move away from a last turn of the spiral spring 14 'depending on a rotation angle ⁇ of the nose dependent on the gait comparison in the feedback system.
  • the movable spout of the adjusting member 137 acts on the active length L 0 of the hairspring from a given elongation.
  • the period of oscillation of the sprung balance depends on this active length of the spiral spring 14 '. During the oscillation, this spiral spring retracts and opens alternately. If an obstacle such as the rigid spout is placed on the opening path of the last turn of the spring, the active length L of the spiral is momentarily changed during oscillation. This results in a decrease in the average active length and therefore a decrease in the oscillation period.
  • the figure 6 is a simplified representation of a second embodiment of the adjustment mechanism of the feedback system to be able to adjust the local oscillator step according to the difference determined in the step comparator of the feedback system.
  • the local oscillator is represented on this figure 5 only by the rocker 14 with the spiral spring 14 '.
  • the adjustment member 137 comprises a toothed base portion for example in the form of a circular arc, which can engage directly with the toothed portion of the frame of the step comparator.
  • the adjusting member is rotatably mounted on the watch plate around an axis parallel to the axis of rotation of the balance wheel, but outside the balance-spring 14.
  • the body of adjustment also includes an arcuate portion complementary shape of an outer surface of the balance 14 to vary the friction due to air on the balance. This arcuate portion is disposed on a side opposite to the toothed portion relative to the axis of rotation of the adjusting member.
  • the arcuate portion may approach or move away from the outer surface of the balance to adjust the operation of the local oscillator.
  • the isochronism curve of the sprung balance used, the progress of the sprung balance decreases with the increase in friction caused by approaching the balance, the arcuate portion of the adjusting member 137, and vice versa.
  • the adjusting member 137 can be moved linearly to adapt the oscillation frequency of the sprung balance 14.
  • the regulation of the oscillation frequency of the balance 14 may also be effected by a magnetic coupling between the adjusting member 137 and said balance in addition to the friction caused by the air.
  • a different arrangement of the reference oscillator may be provided for magnetic interaction with the drive wheel so as to determine the operation of the two oscillators.
  • the excitation wheel may comprise magnetic tracks arranged annularly on one surface and regularly spaced apart from each other. These magnetic tracks distributed annularly are centered on the axis of rotation of the excitation wheel.
  • at least one magnetic coupling element which is a permanent magnet of the reference oscillator, is excited by each magnetic track in rotation of the excitation wheel.
  • This permanent magnet is elastically held on a mobile frame, which can move angularly or linearly so as to compare the operation of the two oscillators and allow a regulating mechanism to adapt the oscillation frequency of the sprung balance.
  • the figure 7 represents a second embodiment of the feedback system.
  • the reference oscillator is integrally combined with the step comparator for the control of the adjustment mechanism. It is also provided a magnetic interaction with a rotating wheel associated with the conventional mechanical movement for the excitation of the reference resonator and to allow the comparison of the oscillator step.
  • the excitation wheel 41 of this second embodiment can be in direct connection with one of the wheels of the set of gear wheels of the conventional mechanical movement.
  • This excitation wheel 41 may also be the last wheel of the set of gear wheels or a wheel of a gear wheel arrangement connected to the gear wheel assembly.
  • the excitation wheel 41 rotates at a rotation speed V ext representative of the local oscillator step, that is to say proportional to the oscillation frequency of the balance spring 14.
  • the excitation wheel 41 allows to excite a reference oscillator, which is in this case a crossed-wave resonator.
  • the oscillator or reference resonator is a cross-wound resonator 44, 45, 48, 49. It comprises on an arcuate sector 42 at least one permanent magnet 43 close to the toothed excitation wheel 41.
  • the rigid arched sector which may be of metal material, is connected by two first flexible cross blades 44, 45 to a first base plate 46. These first crossed elastic blades 44, 45 extend at a distance from one another in two parallel planes. These two parallel planes are also parallel to the plane of the excitation wheel 41, and to the watch plate, on which are mounted the various elements of the mechanical movement and the feedback system.
  • the first base plate 46 is also attached to a second plate 47 of a complementary portion of the cross-blade resonator.
  • This second plate 47 is connected by two second crossed blades flexible 48, 49 to a fixing plate 50, which is fixedly mounted on the watch plate.
  • These second crossed elastic blades 48, 49 extend at a distance from one another in two parallel planes, which are also parallel to the two planes of the first elastic strips 44, 45.
  • These second flexible cross blades 48, 49 are located between the first resilient blades 44, 45 and the watch plate.
  • the first and second base plates 46, 47 are movable and move angularly depending on the coupling torque between the resonator and the wheel.
  • the first and second base plates 46, 47 are represented in arcuate form, but may be of another general shape such as a rectangular parallelepiped and form only one piece.
  • the arcuate sector 42 with its permanent magnet 43 oscillates at a frequency ⁇ 0 in the plane of the excitation wheel. A magnetic interaction occurs and depending on the speed of rotation of the excitation wheel, an angular displacement of the plates 46, 47 is effected by a defined coupling torque.
  • the adjustment mechanism is constituted here by an adjusting nose 53, which is fixed for example to the second base plate 47.
  • a second permanent magnet 52 is arranged on the adjusting nose 53 in cooperation for example with an aluminum plate 51 disposed below the spout and on the watch plate.
  • This aluminum plate 51 can attenuate the vibrations of the nozzle 53 following the oscillation of the arcuate sector 42 by acting as an eddy brake.
  • the plates 46 and 47 move relative to their equilibrium position.
  • the angular displacement of the plates 46, 47 moves the spout 53 in the direction of the spiral spring 14 'of the balance 14 for the adjustment of the oscillation frequency of the local oscillator, as explained with reference to FIG. figure 5 . If the sprung balance 14 oscillates at a too low frequency, the spout 53 moves in the direction the last turn of the spiral spring 14 'to reduce the active length of said spring, and conversely if the oscillation frequency is too great.
  • a flywheel bearing at least one permanent magnet 43 or having a magnetized portion made of the metal material of the steering wheel to be excited by the excitation wheel 41 when of its rotation.
  • the flywheel can be connected to the first base plate 46 by the two first flexible cross blades 44, 45 spaced apart from each other and intersecting in a virtual pivot axis parallel to the axis of rotation of the wheel. 'excitation.
  • the crossed blades may be arranged at an angle ⁇ relative to the pivot axis, which may be between 60 ° and 80 °.
  • the two second flexible cross blades 48, 49 are also spaced from each other, but arranged between the first crossed blades 44, 45 and the watch plate, on which is fixed the fixing plate 50 of the oscillator of reference and combined walking comparator.
  • the excitation wheel with at least one permanent magnet to interact with a ferromagnetic metal part of the reference resonator to oscillate it at a determined frequency.
  • the excitation wheel may be a circular wheel without teeth, but with ferromagnetic portions evenly spaced from each other and arranged over the entire periphery of the excitation wheel to interact magnetically with the permanent magnets of the oscillator reference.
  • the chassis of the step comparator can move linearly during the magnetic coupling of an arm or a magnetized element of the reference oscillator with the excitation wheel to control the adjustment of the adjustment mechanism.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Electromechanical Clocks (AREA)
  • Apparatuses For Generation Of Mechanical Vibrations (AREA)
  • Reciprocating, Oscillating Or Vibrating Motors (AREA)
  • Inductance-Capacitance Distribution Constants And Capacitance-Resistance Oscillators (AREA)
  • General Electrical Machinery Utilizing Piezoelectricity, Electrostriction Or Magnetostriction (AREA)

Claims (21)

  1. Mechanisches Uhrwerk (1), umfassend mindestens ein Federhaus (11), eine Anordnung von Zahnrädern (12), die an einem Ende durch das Federhaus angetrieben wird, einen Hemmungsmechanismus eines lokalen Oszillators (13) mit einem Resonator in Form einer Unruh-Spiralfeder (14, 14'), wobei der Hemmungsmechanismus an einem anderen Ende der Anordnung von Zahnrädern (12) angetrieben wird, und ein Rückkopplungssystem (2) des Uhrwerks,
    wobei das Rückkopplungssystem (2) mindestens einen präzisen Referenzoszillator (21), der mit einem Gangkomparator (22) kombiniert ist, um den Gang der beiden Oszillatoren zu vergleichen, und einen Regulierungsmechanismus (23) für den Resonator des lokalen Oszillators umfasst, um diesen Resonator auf der Grundlage des Ergebnisses des Vergleichs in dem Gangkomparator zu verzögern oder zu beschleunigen, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Referenzoszillator des Rückkopplungssystems (2) durch magnetische Wechselwirkung mit einem sich drehenden Anregungsrad, das mit einem Rad der Anordnung von Zahnrädern (12) verbunden ist, angeregt wird.
  2. Mechanisches Uhrwerk (1) nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Anregungsrad (31) ein gezahntes Rad aus ferromagnetischem Material ist und dass der Referenzoszillator (21) mindestens einen Permanentmagneten (33) aufweist, der an einem freien ersten Ende eines Arms (32) angeordnet ist, der durch eine Basis (34) an einem beweglichen Rahmen (35) des Gangkomparators befestigt ist, wobei der Permanentmagnet (33) in der Nähe des Anregungsrades (31) in der Weise angeordnet ist, dass er durch die Vorbeibewegung jedes Zahns des sich drehenden Anregungsrades angezogen wird und eine Schwingung mit einer Referenzfrequenz des Referenzoszillators erzeugt.
  3. Mechanisches Uhrwerk (1) nach Anspruch 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Referenzoszillator (21) zwei Arme (32, 32') umfasst, die an der Basis (34) befestigt sind, wobei ein erstes Ende jedes Arms jeweils einen Permanentmagneten (33, 33') trägt, um eine Stimmgabel zu bilden, und dass der erste und der zweite Permanentmagnet während der Vorbeibewegung jedes Zahns zu dem sich drehenden Anregungsrad angezogen werden.
  4. Mechanisches Uhrwerk (1) nach Anspruch 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der erste und der zweite Permanentmagnet (33, 33') in der Nähe des Anregungsrades (31) und an diametral gegenüberliegenden Positionen angeordnet sind, wobei sich das Anregungsrad (31) zwischen den beiden Permanentmagneten (33, 33') befindet.
  5. Mechanisches Uhrwerk (1) nach einem der Ansprüche 3 und 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Anregungsrad (31) eine ungerade Anzahl N von Zähnen aufweist.
  6. Mechanisches Uhrwerk (1) nach Anspruch 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Anzahl N von Zähnen des Anregungsrades mindestens gleich 9 ist.
  7. Mechanisches Uhrwerk (1) nach einem der Ansprüche 2 bis 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der bewegliche Rahmen (35) des Gangkomparators (21) auf einer Platine des mechanischen Uhrwerks montiert ist und über mindestens eine Rückstellfeder (36) an einer definierten Position gehalten wird, um geradlinig oder in Winkelrichtung in Abhängigkeit von dem Gangunterschied der beiden Oszillatoren verlagerbar zu sein.
  8. Mechanisches Uhrwerk (1) nach Anspruch 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der bewegliche Rahmen (35) ein Hohlrad ist, das koaxial zu dem Anregungsrad (31) angeordnet ist, wobei das Hohlrad an der Platine durch Rollen oder Stifte oder Kugellager frei drehbar montiert ist, und dass der Rahmen (35) über zwei Rückstellfedern (36, 36'), die mit dem Rahmen an diametral gegenüberliegenden Positionen verbunden sind, an einer definierten Position gehalten wird.
  9. Mechanisches Uhrwerk (1) nach Anspruch 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass in Abhängigkeit von der Drehgeschwindigkeit Vext des Anregungsrades (31) und der Anzahl N von Zähnen des Anregungsrades, die die Anregungsfrequenz ωext, die gleich N · Vext ist, definieren, der bewegliche Rahmen (35) des Gangkomparators (22) dafür ausgelegt ist, sich proportional zu dem Unterschied zwischen der Oszillationsfrequenz ω0 des Referenzoszillators und der Anregungsfrequenz ωext in Winkelrichtung zu verlagern, um den Regulierungsmechanismus (23) zu steuern und die Oszillationsfrequenz der Unruh-Spiralfeder anzupassen.
  10. Mechanisches Uhrwerk (1) nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Regulierungsmechanismus (23) mindestens ein mit dem Gangkomparator (22) verbundenes Regulierungsorgan (137) umfasst, wobei das bewegliche Regulierungsorgan dafür ausgelegt ist, geradlinig oder in Winkelrichtung verlagert zu werden, um die Oszillationsfrequenz der Unruh-Spiralfeder zu regulieren.
  11. Mechanisches Uhrwerk (1) nach Anspruch 10, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Regulierungsorgan (137), das an einer Platine drehbar montiert ist, einen Basisabschnitt, der vom Ausgang des Gangkomparators (22) angetrieben wird, und einen Teil in Form einer Spitze umfasst, der geeignet ist, sich an die letzte Windung der Spiralfeder (14') als Funktion eines Drehwinkels der Spitze in Abhängigkeit vom Gangvergleich in dem Rückkopplungssystem anzunähern oder hiervon zu entfernen.
  12. Mechanisches Uhrwerk (1) nach Anspruch 10, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Regulierungsorgan (137), das an einer Platine drehbar montiert ist, einen Basisabschnitt, der vom Ausgang des Gangkomparators (22) angetrieben wird, und einen gewölbten Abschnitt mit einer Form, die zu einer äußeren Oberfläche der Unruh (14) komplementär ist, umfasst, um die durch die Luft bedingten Reibungen an der Unruh in Abhängigkeit vom Gangvergleich in dem Rückkopplungssystem zu verändern.
  13. Mechanisches Uhrwerk (1) nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Anregungsrad (31) mindestens Abschnitte aus ferromagnetischem Material umfasst, die voneinander regelmäßig beabstandet sind und auf dem gesamten Umfang des Anregungsrades angeordnet sind, um mit mindestens einem Permanentmagneten (33) des Referenzoszillators magnetisch in Wechselwirkung zu treten.
  14. Mechanisches Uhrwerk (1) nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Anregungsrad (31) gezahnt ist und zumindest ferromagnetische Abschnitte auf oder in den Zähnen aufweist, um mit mindestens einem Permanentmagneten (33) des Referenzoszillators magnetisch in Wechselwirkung zu treten.
  15. Mechanisches Uhrwerk (1) nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Anregungsrad (31) gezahnt ist und eine Schicht aus ferromagnetischem Material aufweist, die auf den Zähnen am Umfang des Anregungsrades (31) durchgehend abgelagert ist, um mit mindestens einem Permanentmagneten (33) des Referenzoszillators magnetisch in Wechselwirkung zu treten.
  16. Mechanisches Uhrwerk (1) nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Anregungsrad (31) Permanentmagneten umfasst, die am Umfang des Anregungsrades regelmäßig beabstandet angeordnet sind, um mit mindestens einem Arm (32) aus ferromagnetischem Material des Referenzoszillators magnetisch in Wechselwirkung zu treten, um ihn mit einer bestimmten Referenzfrequenz schwingen zu lassen.
  17. Mechanisches Uhrwerk (1) nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Anregungsrad (41) dafür ausgelegt ist, durch magnetische Wechselwirkung einen Referenzoszillator in Form eines Resonators mit gekreuzten Plättchen (44, 45, 48, 49) anzuregen.
  18. Mechanisches Uhrwerk (1) nach Anspruch 17, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Resonator mit gekreuzten Plättchen einen gewölbten Sektor (42) oder ein kreisförmiges Schwungrad mit einem magnetisierten Teil oder mindestens einem Permanentmagneten (43) nahe gegenüber dem Anregungsrad aufweist, wobei das Anregungsrad Zähne (41) aus ferromagnetischem Material oder Zähne aufweist, die voneinander regelmäßig beabstandete und am Umfang angeordnete Abschnitte aus ferromagnetischem Material besitzen, dass der gewölbte Sektor (42) oder das kreisförmige Schwungrad über zwei erste biegsame gekreuzte Plättchen (44, 45) mit einer ersten Basisplatte (46) verbunden ist, wobei sich die ersten elastischen Plättchen in gegenseitigem Abstand in zwei parallelen Ebenen erstrecken, dass die erste Platte der beweglichen Basis (46) an einer zweiten beweglichen Basisplatte (47) befestigt ist, dass die zweite Basisplatte (47) über zwei zweite biegsame gekreuzte Plättchen (48, 49) mit einer Befestigungsplatte (50) verbunden ist, die an einer Platine des mechanischen Uhrwerks fest montiert ist, wobei sich die zweiten gekreuzten elastischen Plättchen (48, 49) in gegenseitigem Abstand in zwei parallelen Ebenen erstrecken, die auch zu den beiden Ebenen der ersten elastischen Plättchen (44, 45) parallel sind.
  19. Mechanisches Uhrwerk (1) nach Anspruch 18, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass sich die erste und die zweite Basisplatte (46, 47) des Gangkomparators in Winkelrichtung als Funktion des Gangvergleichs der beiden Oszillatoren verlagern, um den Regulierungsmechanismus (23) zu steuern.
  20. Mechanisches Uhrwerk (1) nach Anspruch 19, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Regulierungsmechanismus (23) eine an der ersten und der zweiten Basisplatte (46, 47) befestigte Regulierungsspitze (53) aufweist, wobei die Spitze geeignet ist, sich in Abhängigkeit von dem Gangvergleich der Oszillatoren in dem Rückkopplungssystem an eine letzte Windung der Spiralfeder (14') anzunähern oder von ihr zu entfernen.
  21. Mechanisches Uhrwerk (1) nach Anspruch 20, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Regulierungsspitze (53) einen Brems-Permanentmagneten oberhalb einer Platte (51) aus Aluminium, die auf einer Platine des mechanischen Uhrwerks angeordnet ist, aufweist, um Schwingungen der Regulierungsspitze zu dämpfen.
EP15180503.3A 2015-08-11 2015-08-11 Mechanisches uhrwerk, das mit einem bewegungsrückkopplungssysteme ausgestattet ist Active EP3130966B1 (de)

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EP15180503.3A EP3130966B1 (de) 2015-08-11 2015-08-11 Mechanisches uhrwerk, das mit einem bewegungsrückkopplungssysteme ausgestattet ist
US15/196,215 US9971309B2 (en) 2015-08-11 2016-06-29 Mechanical timepiece movement provided with a feedback system for the movement
JP2016143171A JP6322671B2 (ja) 2015-08-11 2016-07-21 ムーブメント用のフィードバックシステムを備える機械式時計ムーブメント
KR1020160100242A KR101897870B1 (ko) 2015-08-11 2016-08-05 기계적 타임피스 무브먼트용 피드백 시스템을 구비하는 기계적 타임피스 무브먼트
CN201610647417.6A CN106444337B (zh) 2015-08-11 2016-08-09 设置有用于机芯的反馈***的机械钟表机芯
RU2016133127A RU2718348C2 (ru) 2015-08-11 2016-08-10 Механический часовой механизм с системой обратной связи

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CN106444337B (zh) 2019-05-07
US20170045861A1 (en) 2017-02-16
RU2718348C2 (ru) 2020-04-02
KR20170019322A (ko) 2017-02-21
US9971309B2 (en) 2018-05-15
RU2016133127A (ru) 2018-02-16
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CN106444337A (zh) 2017-02-22
RU2016133127A3 (de) 2019-11-15

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