EP3206808B1 - Installation et procédé de fabrication de tôles fortes - Google Patents

Installation et procédé de fabrication de tôles fortes Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3206808B1
EP3206808B1 EP15783979.6A EP15783979A EP3206808B1 EP 3206808 B1 EP3206808 B1 EP 3206808B1 EP 15783979 A EP15783979 A EP 15783979A EP 3206808 B1 EP3206808 B1 EP 3206808B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
temperature
heavy plate
rolling
cooling
thermal treatment
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EP15783979.6A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP3206808A1 (fr
Inventor
Ingo Schuster
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SMS Group GmbH
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SMS Group GmbH
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21B—ROLLING OF METAL
    • B21B1/00—Metal-rolling methods or mills for making semi-finished products of solid or profiled cross-section; Sequence of operations in milling trains; Layout of rolling-mill plant, e.g. grouping of stands; Succession of passes or of sectional pass alternations
    • B21B1/22—Metal-rolling methods or mills for making semi-finished products of solid or profiled cross-section; Sequence of operations in milling trains; Layout of rolling-mill plant, e.g. grouping of stands; Succession of passes or of sectional pass alternations for rolling plates, strips, bands or sheets of indefinite length
    • B21B1/24—Metal-rolling methods or mills for making semi-finished products of solid or profiled cross-section; Sequence of operations in milling trains; Layout of rolling-mill plant, e.g. grouping of stands; Succession of passes or of sectional pass alternations for rolling plates, strips, bands or sheets of indefinite length in a continuous or semi-continuous process
    • B21B1/26—Metal-rolling methods or mills for making semi-finished products of solid or profiled cross-section; Sequence of operations in milling trains; Layout of rolling-mill plant, e.g. grouping of stands; Succession of passes or of sectional pass alternations for rolling plates, strips, bands or sheets of indefinite length in a continuous or semi-continuous process by hot-rolling, e.g. Steckel hot mill
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
    • C21D9/46—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for sheet metals
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21B—ROLLING OF METAL
    • B21B1/00—Metal-rolling methods or mills for making semi-finished products of solid or profiled cross-section; Sequence of operations in milling trains; Layout of rolling-mill plant, e.g. grouping of stands; Succession of passes or of sectional pass alternations
    • B21B1/22—Metal-rolling methods or mills for making semi-finished products of solid or profiled cross-section; Sequence of operations in milling trains; Layout of rolling-mill plant, e.g. grouping of stands; Succession of passes or of sectional pass alternations for rolling plates, strips, bands or sheets of indefinite length
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21B—ROLLING OF METAL
    • B21B1/00—Metal-rolling methods or mills for making semi-finished products of solid or profiled cross-section; Sequence of operations in milling trains; Layout of rolling-mill plant, e.g. grouping of stands; Succession of passes or of sectional pass alternations
    • B21B1/46—Metal-rolling methods or mills for making semi-finished products of solid or profiled cross-section; Sequence of operations in milling trains; Layout of rolling-mill plant, e.g. grouping of stands; Succession of passes or of sectional pass alternations for rolling metal immediately subsequent to continuous casting
    • B21B1/463—Metal-rolling methods or mills for making semi-finished products of solid or profiled cross-section; Sequence of operations in milling trains; Layout of rolling-mill plant, e.g. grouping of stands; Succession of passes or of sectional pass alternations for rolling metal immediately subsequent to continuous casting in a continuous process, i.e. the cast not being cut before rolling
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D11/00—Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths
    • B22D11/14—Plants for continuous casting
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
    • C21D8/02—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips
    • C21D8/0205—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips of ferrous alloys
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
    • C21D8/02—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips
    • C21D8/0221—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips characterised by the working steps
    • C21D8/0226—Hot rolling
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
    • C21D8/02—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips
    • C21D8/0247—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips characterised by the heat treatment
    • C21D8/0263—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips characterised by the heat treatment following hot rolling
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
    • C21D9/0062—Heat-treating apparatus with a cooling or quenching zone
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21B—ROLLING OF METAL
    • B21B1/00—Metal-rolling methods or mills for making semi-finished products of solid or profiled cross-section; Sequence of operations in milling trains; Layout of rolling-mill plant, e.g. grouping of stands; Succession of passes or of sectional pass alternations
    • B21B1/22—Metal-rolling methods or mills for making semi-finished products of solid or profiled cross-section; Sequence of operations in milling trains; Layout of rolling-mill plant, e.g. grouping of stands; Succession of passes or of sectional pass alternations for rolling plates, strips, bands or sheets of indefinite length
    • B21B2001/225—Metal-rolling methods or mills for making semi-finished products of solid or profiled cross-section; Sequence of operations in milling trains; Layout of rolling-mill plant, e.g. grouping of stands; Succession of passes or of sectional pass alternations for rolling plates, strips, bands or sheets of indefinite length by hot-rolling
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21B—ROLLING OF METAL
    • B21B37/00—Control devices or methods specially adapted for metal-rolling mills or the work produced thereby
    • B21B37/74—Temperature control, e.g. by cooling or heating the rolls or the product
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D2211/00—Microstructure comprising significant phases
    • C21D2211/001—Austenite
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D2211/00—Microstructure comprising significant phases
    • C21D2211/002—Bainite
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D2211/00—Microstructure comprising significant phases
    • C21D2211/005—Ferrite
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D2211/00—Microstructure comprising significant phases
    • C21D2211/008—Martensite

Definitions

  • the invention is directed to a process for the production of heavy plates made of a steel alloy and formed directly from the casting heat of a continuous caster as an endless flat material to the dimensions of heavy plate, comprising the continuous casting of a steel melt and primary shaping of a cast strand obtained into a slab with subsequent shaping or hot rolling of the slab from the casting heat in several forming steps to a desired heavy plate dimension and an immediately subsequent heat treatment of the heavy plate causing targeted cooling of the heavy plate obtained, the heavy plate being cut in the production direction before or after its heat treatment to a desired individual plate length.
  • the invention is directed to a device for carrying out such a method for the production of heavy plates made of a steel alloy that are formed directly from the casting heat of a continuous caster as an endless flat material on heavy plate dimensions and that have a system that is used for the immediate consecutive processing and / or machining of a Steel melt a casting plant in which the steel melt can be poured continuously, a primary forming plant in which a cast strand cast from the steel melt can be shaped into a slab, a forming plant or rolling plant in which the slab is converted from the casting heat in several forming steps into a heavy plate with the desired heavy plate size can be rolled, and which comprises a heat treatment plant and a heavy plate cutting device arranged in front of or behind the heat treatment plant in the production direction.
  • One method of making sheet steel is from US Pat EP 0 415 987 B1 known.
  • a slab is produced by means of a continuous casting process, which is then heated in a furnace after passing through a first forming stage to reduce the slab thickness before it enters a finishing rolling mill in which the slab is rolled into the steel sheet or strip steel.
  • the rolling mill which comprises several forming steps, the steel strip is subjected to a treatment consisting of a combination of targeted forming steps and targeted cooling and heating steps.
  • the desired mechanical properties of the steel strip are set by this combination of deformation at specifically set temperatures, the degrees of deformation carried out specifically at a certain temperature and the deformation speeds.
  • the desired sheet lengths are separated from the finish-rolled steel sheet and stacked. No specific heat treatment is carried out on the steel sheet produced after it has passed through the finishing train.
  • WO 2006/106376 A1 a method for the production of metal sheets with a thickness of 10-100 mm, which are made from a continuously cast cast strand with subsequent hot rolling.
  • the hot rolling can be combined with cooling devices arranged between the individual roll stands and a cooling of the rolled steel sheet that can be brought about therewith.
  • the steel sheet After passing through the rolling train, the steel sheet is passed through a heat treatment system in the form of a cooling system and then sheet steel plates are cut to the desired length.
  • a method and a system for producing stainless steel blanks are known, a band being continuously cast from a steel melt by means of a band casting system and being originally formed into the band.
  • the strip is then hot-rolled and passes through a cooling system and an annealing furnace before it is then descaled and cut to the desired individual sheet length.
  • a heat treatment is carried out in the form of a combination of targeted cooling of the strip from the rolling heat to a desired first temperature with immediately subsequent heating of the strip to a desired second temperature.
  • a plant for the production of hot strip from austenitic, stainless steels, which is rolled and heat-treated without cooling to room temperature, so that the end product is already solution-annealed and quenched, is disclosed in WO 03/064069 A1 .
  • the plant comprises a continuous caster, the cast strand being cut into slabs in front of a roller hearth furnace or preheating furnace, which are then heated a first time in the furnace before rolling, then rolled, then heated again and then rolled into hot strip in a hot rolling mill.
  • the closest prior art is the US 2011/012938 A1 from which the production of steel sheets from steel alloys with a bainite structure on the route - continuous casting - hot rolling - heat treatment - is known. Slabs are rolled from the casting heat and then immediately subjected to a heat treatment that includes the steps of cooling, heating and re-cooling. In this case, a slab is separated from the cast strand and, after the separation, rolled into a sheet which is then heat-treated.
  • the US 2011/012938 A1 discloses a batch process in which the material is processed in sections and in separate process steps independently of the original casting speed.
  • the invention is based on the object of providing a solution for the production of heavy plate which does not have the disadvantages mentioned above and enables the flexible production of different heavy plate qualities.
  • the object of this method is achieved in that the heat treatment in the temperature range of 150 ° C - 1,100 ° C as a combination of a targeted cooling of the obtained heavy plate from the rolling heat to a desired first temperature with an immediately subsequent targeted heating of the heavy plate to a desired second temperature and an immediately subsequent cooling of the heavy plate to a desired third temperature.
  • the object for carrying out this production method is achieved in that the heat treatment system comprises at least one cooling device and at least one heating device which are designed in such a way that a heat treatment of the heavy plate in the temperature range of 150 ° C - 1,100 ° C in the form of a combination of targeted cooling of the obtained heavy plate from the rolling heat to a desired first temperature with an immediately subsequent targeted heating of the heavy plate to a desired second temperature and an immediately subsequent cooling of the heavy plate to a desired third temperature can be carried out.
  • a heat treatment is carried out which includes targeted cooling, targeted reheating and, in turn, targeted cooling of the heavy plate in several steps finished heavy plate a uniform temperature field over the width with a resulting uniform structure in the finished heavy plate, so that the heavy plate has a homogeneous mechanical property, ie a homogeneous strength and / or toughness distribution.
  • both heavy plates in the normalized state ie To produce steels with high toughness, as well as in the quenched and tempered condition, ie steels with high strength, as well as special steels in the tempered condition, ie steels subjected to a tempering treatment.
  • heavy plate is understood to mean a flat product that is defined as heavy plate in accordance with standard EN 10029.
  • the process can be used to produce a wide variety of grades, such as those designated with abbreviations in the standard EN 10025-2: 2004.
  • Heavy plate "as rolled" (abbreviation + AR), but also normalized heavy plate (abbreviation + N) or thermomechanically rolled heavy plate (abbreviation + M) and tempered heavy plate (abbreviation + QT) can be produced. And all of this with one and the same device or system.
  • An advantageous procedure for producing a normalized heavy plate can, according to an embodiment of the invention, include the measure that the heavy plate is cooled to the first desired temperature, which is below the complete transformation temperature of ⁇ -iron, in the immediately following heat treatment from the rolling heat, after the forming or hot rolling ( ⁇ mixed crystal; austenite) in ⁇ -iron ( ⁇ mixed crystal; ferrite), is then heated to the desired second temperature, which is the normal annealing temperature above the complete transformation temperature from ⁇ -iron to ⁇ -iron, the Ac 3 temperature , is in the range of homogeneous austenite, and is finally cooled to ambient temperature as the desired third temperature.
  • the embodiment of the invention provides the measures that, after the forming or hot rolling, the heavy plate is cooled from the rolling heat to the first desired temperature, which is below the bainite formation temperature, in the immediately following heat treatment Heating is kept at a temperature lying in the range of the bainite transformation as the desired second temperature and is finally cooled to ambient temperature as the desired third temperature.
  • the invention is characterized in an embodiment by the measures that the heavy plate after the forming or hot rolling in the immediately subsequent heat treatment from the rolling heat is cooled to the first desired temperature, which is below the martensite formation temperature, then by heating to a temperature below the tempering temperature lying next to the transformation temperature of ⁇ -iron into ⁇ -iron, the A c1 temperature, is heated as the desired second temperature and is finally cooled to ambient temperature as the desired third temperature.
  • the heat treatment provided comprises cooling to room temperature.
  • the invention therefore also provides that the final cooling to ambient temperature as the desired third temperature is carried out as air cooling.
  • the invention therefore also provides that the cooling of the heavy plate from the rolling heat is carried out in the heat treatment immediately following the forming or hot rolling of the heavy plate to the first desired temperature by means of strong water or air cooling.
  • the invention also provides in a further development that part of the heat treatment, in particular comprising further cooling and / or heating steps, is carried out after the heavy plate has passed through a straightening system and before it is stacked.
  • the method can be carried out particularly expediently with a heavy plate, so that the invention is further characterized in that, in the several forming steps, a heavy plate with a thickness of more than 8 mm, in particular a thickness of 40 mm-400 mm, and a width of more than 1,200 mm is produced.
  • the device according to the invention is distinguished in an expedient and advantageous embodiment in that the cooling of the heavy plate to the desired third temperature takes place at least partially outside the heat treatment system.
  • the device is characterized in that the heat treatment system is designed in such a way that the heavy plate is removed from the rolling heat in an immediately subsequent heat treatment by means of the cooling device after the forming or hot rolling the first desired temperature, which is below the complete transformation temperature from ⁇ -iron ( ⁇ -mixed crystal; austenite) to ⁇ -iron (a-mixed crystal; ferrite), can be cooled so that the heavy plate is then brought to the desired second temperature by means of the heating device, the normal annealing temperature above the complete transformation temperature from ⁇ -iron to ⁇ -iron, the A c3 temperature, is in the range of homogeneous austenite, can be heated and that the heavy plate can finally be cooled to ambient temperature as the desired third temperature.
  • the heat treatment system is designed in such a way that the heavy plate is removed from the rolling heat in an immediately subsequent heat treatment by means of the cooling device after the forming or hot rolling the first desired temperature, which is below the complete transformation temperature from ⁇ -iron ( ⁇ -mixed crystal; austenite) to
  • the device according to the invention is further characterized in that the heat treatment system is designed in such a way that the heavy plate after forming or hot rolling in a immediately subsequent heat treatment by means of the cooling device from the rolling heat to the first desired temperature, which is below the bainite formation temperature, can be cooled so that the heavy plate can then be kept by means of the heating device by heating to a temperature in the range of the bainite transformation as the desired second temperature and, that the heavy plate can finally be cooled to ambient temperature as the desired third temperature.
  • a particularly expedient embodiment of the device for carrying out the method according to the invention for the production of sheet metal with the highest strength is characterized in that the heavy plate after forming or hot rolling in an immediately subsequent heat treatment by means of the cooling device from the rolling heat to the first desired temperature, which is below the martensite formation temperature, can be cooled, that the heavy plate can then be heated by means of the heating device by heating to a tempering temperature below the transformation temperature of ⁇ -iron to ⁇ -iron, the A c1 temperature, as the desired second temperature, and that the heavy plate can finally be cooled to ambient temperature as the desired third temperature.
  • the device is designed so that it is designed to produce a heavy plate with a thickness of more than 8 mm, in particular a thickness of 40 mm - 400 mm, and a width of more than 1,200 mm in the several forming steps of the rolling plant and is formed, which the invention also provides.
  • the device according to the invention has a straightening system connected downstream of the heating device in the production direction of the heavy plate, which the invention also provides in a further development.
  • the invention is also characterized in that it has one or more further heat treatment system (s) downstream of the straightening system in the production direction of the heavy plate, each of which preferably comprises at least one further cooling device and at least one further heating device.
  • This embodiment of the invention makes it possible to carry out heat treatment processes or heat treatment measures on the rolled heavy plate even after straightening the heavy plate produced.
  • the in the form of a production plant of the Figures 1 and 2 The devices shown and designated as a whole by 1 or 1 'differ only in that in the embodiment according to FIG Figure 1 a separating device 2 in the production direction of the heavy plate 4 indicated by the arrow 3 on the output side behind a heat treatment system 5 and in the embodiment according to FIG Figure 2 Is arranged on the input side in front of a heat treatment system 5.
  • the device 1 according to Figure 1 thus enables the production of heavy plates 4 in the endless operation of the production system, since the flat material produced as endless heavy plate is only separated into individual sheet lengths after a heat treatment carried out in the heat treatment system 5 by means of the cutting device 2.
  • an endless flat material runs through the individual system parts or system equipment of the device 1, which is designed in the form of a production system, to behind the heat treatment system 5. Then the heavy plates 4 cut to individual sheet lengths then pass through a straightening system 6 and are then stacked in the usual way by means of a discharge unit 7.
  • the produced endless flat material is already separated into individual sheet lengths before entering the heat treatment system 5, so that heavy plates 4 already divided into individual sheet lengths pass through the heat treatment system 5 and then subsequently through the straightening system 6 and the discharge unit 7.
  • the production of heavy plate in the single plate operation in the device 1 'after Figure 2 is particularly advantageous for the production and processing of tempered sheet metal with very high shear strengths. Heavy plates with lower strengths, which in contrast have lower strength values after passing through the heat treatment system 5, can be used both with the system after the Figure 2 in single sheet operation as well as with the system after the Figure 1 are manufactured in continuous sheet metal production.
  • a steel melt is continuously cast in a casting system 8 designed as a continuous casting system.
  • the resulting cast strand is formed into a slab in the usual way in a master-forming system 9 assigned to the casting system 8, which then after passing through a descaling device 10 in a rolling system 11 forming a forming system from the casting heat in several forming steps to a heavy plate 4 with the desired Heavy plate dimension is rolled.
  • the primary and reshaped heavy plate 4 then passes through the system after Figure 1 the heat treatment system 5 and is then separated to an individual length by means of the separating device 2, which is a transverse separating device.
  • the primary and formed product heavy plate 4 is divided into individual sheet lengths by means of the separating device 2, which is also designed as a transverse separating device, before entering the heat treatment system 5 and passed through the heat treatment system 5 as a single sheet.
  • the heat treatment system 5 comprises a cooling device 12 and a heating device 13.
  • the heavy plates 4 then pass through the straightening system 6 and are stacked in the discharge unit 7.
  • further heat treatment systems 5 can also be arranged between the straightening system 6 and the discharge unit 7 if this should be necessary for qualities that have to be subjected to a special heat treatment.
  • These systems can also each comprise a cooling device and a heating device, so that with these heat treatment systems a combination of increased air cooling or water cooling with subsequent heating to a tempering temperature can also be carried out.
  • the forming plant or rolling plant 11 is equipped in the usual way with devices for adjusting the profile and flatness and with devices for controlling the surface temperature of the rolling stock.
  • the embodiment of the device 1 according to Figure 1 is suitable for heavy plates with low thicknesses and low shear strengths, where high shear rates can be achieved.
  • Heavy plates with the highest strength values can also be produced, since the cutting in the cutting device 2 in the production direction 3 takes place immediately after leaving the rolling plant 11 from the rolling heat and thus in a high temperature range. At these temperatures, the materials usually processed into heavy plate still have low shear strengths.
  • the devices 1 and 1 'shown and described above can be used to produce heavy plates directly from the casting heat of a continuous caster. There is no cooling to room temperature for more than five minutes.
  • the cast slabs have a thickness of at least 40 mm, the maximum possible slab thickness being limited by the design and the technical conditions of the downstream forming plant and rolling plant 11 and the required or desired thickness of the heavy plate 4 at their outlet.
  • the slab width is not particularly limited but corresponds to the slab widths usually achievable with such systems according to the prior art.
  • the continuous caster can be an arch system, a vertical bending system, a vertical system or a horizontal continuous caster.
  • a thickness reduction of the cast strand by deformation with a liquid core (Liquid Core Reduction) or a slight deformation in the area of final solidification of the cast strand (Dynamic Soft Reduction) is not necessary for the implementation of the method according to the invention, but can be carried out if desired.
  • the continuously cast cast strand leaves the exit area of the primary forming system 9 with an average temperature of 1,150 ° C to 1,300 ° C and a solid core.
  • Steel qualities or materials that have a strong tendency to form scale are then descaled in the descaling device 10. In the case of high-alloy materials, this process step can be omitted, but with these materials it is advisable to clean the surface after a first forming step in the subsequent forming plant or rolling plant 11.
  • materials or steel grades with a higher tendency to form scale are cleaned in the usual way before the first forming step in the forming plant or rolling plant 11, which is usually done with pressurized water or steam, although alternative methods such as cleaning with dry ice or water are mixed with abrasive ingredients are also possible.
  • pressurized water it is advantageous to use rotating systems.
  • the forming process carried out in the casting system 8 and the primary forming system 9 is then followed by a forming or a forming process in the forming system or rolling system 11, which comprises at least two forming steps with an accumulated logarithmic degree of deformation of more than 0.7.
  • more than two stands, which carry out at least two forming steps, can be part of the rolling plant 11, so that further forming steps can follow depending on the required final thickness of the heavy plate.
  • the heavy plate 4 which has been reshaped and rolled to the desired plate dimensions after passing through the rolling installation 11, exits the rolling installation 11 at a temperature in the range from 950.degree. C. to 1,100.degree.
  • the heavy plate 4 thus has a temperature at this point which is above a temperature which is optimal for normalizing rolling.
  • the rolling heat is followed immediately by a heat treatment by means of the heat treatment system 5, to which the heavy plate 4 is fed directly after the forming and rolling.
  • the rolling stock, ie the heavy plate 4 remains in the production plant or the device 1 or 1 '.
  • a normalized heavy plate 4 is produced.
  • the rolled heavy plate 4 in the heat treatment system 5 is fed to the cooling device 12 and is cooled here to a temperature (T) at which the conversion of ⁇ -iron, ie the ⁇ -mixed crystal or austenite that forms, into ⁇ -iron, ie the forming ⁇ mixed crystal or ferrite has completely expired.
  • T temperature
  • the heavy plate 4 is therefore cooled to a temperature which is below the temperature line 15, which represents the lower end temperature of the conversion range from ⁇ -iron to ⁇ -iron.
  • the cooling speeds are measured in such a way that no components of hard structures such as martensite or bainite arise.
  • the heavy plate 4 cooled in this way is then subjected to normal annealing, for which purpose the temperature of the heavy plate 4 is increased above the A C3 temperature of the respective material and held there for a short time.
  • the desired heating of the heavy plate 4 to a temperature above the A C3 temperature by means of a conventional roller hearth furnace with open gas firing or radiant tube heating, by means of induction heating or by using what is known as "direct flame inpingement" or a combination of all of these Firing options or heating device options take place.
  • the heating device 13 is designed such that it can be operated in a temperature range from 150.degree. C.
  • the heavy plate 4 produced is then cooled in air to ambient temperature, which is usually carried out after the heavy plate 4 has left the heat treatment installation 5.
  • the method characterized by the course of curve 14 and described above, in particular Heat treatment process, is suitable for all types of sheet metal that should have the quality status + N "normalized".
  • the course of the dotted cooling curve and heat treatment line 16 shows the temperature course in the production of high-strength metal sheets which have usage properties that are characterized by a bainitic structure.
  • the rolled heavy plate 4 is cooled in the heat treatment plant 5 by means of the cooling device 12 to temperatures between the temperature line 17, which characterizes the beginning of the bainite transformation, and the temperature line 18, which characterizes the beginning of the transformation of the structure into a martensite structure.
  • the heating device 13 into which the heavy plate 4 enters after passing through the cooling device 12 in the production direction 3
  • the heavy plate 4 is then also held within the heat treatment system 5 in this area between the temperature lines 17 and 18, so that the transformation of the structure into a bainite structure continues to run.
  • high-strength and ultra-high-strength heavy plates 4 with good deformation and wear properties and heavy plates 4 with defined contents of retained austenite can be produced.
  • the heavy plate 4 produced by the method or the course of the temperature line 16 also cools in air to ambient temperature.
  • the temperature profile curve 19 shown in dashed lines represents the cooling and heating profile of a heavy plate 4 when a heavy plate 4 of the highest strength is to be produced.
  • the rolled heavy plate 4 is cooled relatively strongly in the cooling device 12 of the heat treatment plant 5 to temperatures which are below the temperature line 18 which characterizes the start of the martensite transformation.
  • the heavy plate 4 is tempered in the heating device 13 to a temperature below the A C1 temperature of the respective material and thus below the temperature limiting the end of the conversion range from ⁇ -iron to ⁇ -iron.
  • the heavy plate 4 after leaving the Heat treatment system 5 is again cooled in air to ambient temperature.
  • cooling and heating i.e. H. of cooling stop temperatures and tempering and annealing temperatures
  • H. of cooling stop temperatures and tempering and annealing temperatures are carried out in the devices 1 and 1 'according to the invention.
  • possibly multi-stage treatments of a heavy plate 4 to be carried out in corresponding heat treatment systems between the respective straightening system 6 and the discharge unit 7 that feeds the heavy plates 4 to a stack.
  • these heat treatment systems also advantageously have a cooling device with a heating device following in the production direction 3.
  • heavy plates 4 in the normalized state for example quality S355J2 + N, as well as tempered heavy plates, for example quality S355 + QT, a steel brand or steel quality
  • Heavy plates 4 can be produced from molten steel in a casting sequence in the plant, the chemical composition or basic composition of which is the same, but whose heat treatment is different.
  • the cooling of the slab produced to room temperature, its reheating before hot rolling and, in addition, the cooling and heating before a heat treatment are dispensed with compared to the prior art.
  • Another advantage of the inventive devices 1 and 1 ' consists in the fact that it is possible to use these heavy plates 4 to produce high-strength steels with a bainitic structure by annealing in the bainite stage.

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  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
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  • Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
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Claims (17)

  1. Procédé destiné à la fabrication, sous la forme d'un produit sans fin possédant une dimension de tôle épaisse, de tôles épaisses (4) que l'on obtient à partir d'un alliage à base d'acier, qui ont été soumises à une mise en forme ou qui ont été transformées d'une manière directe à partir de la chaleur de coulage d'une installation de coulée continue, qui comprend le coulage en continu d'une masse fondue à base d'acier et la mise en forme d'une barre de coulée obtenue afin d'obtenir une brame, ainsi que la transformation ou le laminage à chaud de la brame y faisant suite à partir de la chaleur de coulage au cours de plusieurs étapes de transformation afin d'obtenir une dimension désirée de tôle épaisse, ainsi qu'un traitement thermique de la tôle épaisse (4), qui y fait directement suite, qui met en oeuvre un refroidissement ciblé de la tôle épaisse (4) que l'on a obtenue ; dans lequel on découpe la tôle épaisse (4) dans la direction de production (3) avant ou après son traitement thermique de façon à obtenir une longueur de tôle individuelle désirée ; dans lequel le traitement thermique est mis en œuvre dans une plage de températures de 150 °C à 1.100 °C sous la forme d'une combinaison d'un refroidissement ciblé de la tôle épaisse obtenue (4) à partir de la chaleur de laminage jusqu'à une première température désirée, avec un réchauffement ciblé de la tôle épaisse (4), qui y fait directement suite, jusqu'à une deuxième température désirée, et avec un refroidissement de la tôle épaisse (4), qui y fait directement suite, jusqu'à une troisième température désirée.
  2. Procédé selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que l'on refroidit la tôle épaisse (4) après la transformation ou le laminage à chaud, au cours d'un traitement thermique qui y fait directement suite, à partir de la chaleur de laminage, jusqu'à la première température désirée qui est inférieure à la température de transformation complète du fer γ (cristal mixte γ; austénite) en fer a (cristal mixte a ; ferrite) ; on réchauffe ensuite jusqu'à la deuxième température désirée qui, à titre de la température de recuit normale, est supérieure à la température de transformation complète du fer γ en fer a, à savoir la température Ac3, en se situant dans le domaine de l'austénite homogène, et avant de refroidir ensuite jusqu'à la température ambiante, à titre de la troisième température désirée.
  3. Procédé selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que l'on refroidit la tôle épaisse (4) après la transformation ou le laminage à chaud, au cours du traitement thermique qui y fait directement suite, à partir de la chaleur de laminage, jusqu'à la première température désirée qui est inférieure à la température de formation de bainite ; on maintient ensuite par chauffage à une température qui se situe dans le domaine de transformation en bainite, à titre de la deuxième température désirée; et on refroidit ensuite jusqu'à la température ambiante, à titre de la troisième température désirée.
  4. Procédé selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que l'on refroidit la tôle épaisse (4) après la transformation ou le laminage à chaud, au cours du traitement thermique qui y fait directement suite, à partir de la chaleur de laminage, jusqu'à la première température désirée qui est inférieure à la température de formation de martensite ; on réchauffe ensuite par chauffage jusqu'à une température de recuit qui est inférieure à la température de transformation du fer γ en fer a, à savoir la température Ac1, à titre de la deuxième température désirée; et on refroidit ensuite jusqu'à la température ambiante, à titre de la troisième température désirée.
  5. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que le refroidissement final jusqu'à la température ambiante, à titre de la troisième température désirée, est mise en oeuvre sous la forme d'un refroidissement par air.
  6. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que le refroidissement de la tôle épaisse (4), à partir de la chaleur de laminage au cours du traitement thermique qui fait directement suite à la transformation ou au laminage à chaud de la tôle épaisse (4), jusqu'à la première température désirée, est mis en oeuvre au moyen d'un refroidissement intense par eau ou par air.
  7. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que l'on met en oeuvre une partie du traitement thermique, qui comprend en particulier des étapes de refroidissement et/ou de réchauffement supplémentaires, après le passage de la tôle épaisse (4) par une installation de dressage (6) et avant son empilement.
  8. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que l'on soumet la tôle épaisse (4), après son chauffage jusqu'à la deuxième température désirée, à un dressage, avant de l'empiler.
  9. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que, au cours desdites plusieurs étapes de transformation, on obtient une tôle épaisse (4) qui possède une épaisseur supérieure à 8 mm, en particulier une épaisseur de 40 mm à 400 mm, et une largeur qui est supérieure à 1200 mm.
  10. Dispositif (1, 1') destiné à la mise en œuvre du procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 9 qui est destiné à la fabrication, sous la forme d'un produit sans fin possédant une dimension de tôle épaisse, de tôles épaisses (4) que l'on obtient à partir d'un alliage à base d'acier, qui ont été soumises à une mise en forme ou qui ont été transformées, d'une manière directe à partir de la chaleur de coulage d'une installation de coulée continue ; dans lequel le dispositif (1, 1') présente une installation qui comprend : une installation de coulage (8) qui est destinée au traitement et/ou à l'usinage successif direct d'une masse fondue à base d'acier, dans laquelle la masse fondue à base d'acier peut être coulée en continu ; une installation de mise en forme (9) dans laquelle on peut former une brame à partir d'une barre de coulée qui a été coulée à partir de la masse fondue à base d'acier; une installation de transformation ou une installation de laminage (11) dans laquelle on peut laminer la brame à partir de la chaleur de coulage au cours de plusieurs étapes de transformation dans le but d'obtenir une tôle épaisse (4) qui possède la dimension de tôle épaisse désirée ; et qui comprend une installation de traitement thermique (5), ainsi qu'un mécanisme de séparation de tôle épaisse (2) qui est disposé, dans la direction de production (3), devant ou derrière l'installation de traitement thermique (5) ; dans lequel l'installation de traitement thermique (5) comprend au moins un dispositif de refroidissement (12) et au moins un dispositif de chauffage (13) qui sont conçus d'une manière telle que l'on peut, avec eux, mettre en oeuvre un traitement thermique de la tôle épaisse (4) dans la plage de température de 150 °C à 1100 °C sous la forme d'une combinaison d'un refroidissement ciblé de la tôle épaisse (4) que l'on a obtenue, à partir de la chaleur de laminage, jusqu'à une première température désirée, avec un chauffage ciblé de la tôle épaisse (4) qui y fait directement suite, jusqu'à une deuxième température désirée, et avec un refroidissement de la tôle épaisse (4) qui y fait directement suite, jusqu'à une troisième température désirée.
  11. Dispositif (1, 1') selon la revendication 10, caractérisé en ce que le refroidissement de la tôle épaisse (4) jusqu'à la troisième température désirée a lieu au moins en partie à l'extérieur de l'installation de traitement thermique (5).
  12. Dispositif (1, 1') selon la revendication 10 ou 11, caractérisé en ce que l'installation de traitement thermique (5) est conçue d'une manière telle que l'on peut refroidir la tôle épaisse (4) après la transformation ou le laminage à chaud, au cours d'un traitement thermique qui suit directement, au moyen du dispositif de refroidissement (12), à partir de la chaleur de laminage, jusqu'à la première température désirée qui est inférieure à la température de transformation complète du fer γ (cristal mixte γ ; austénite) en fer a (cristal mixte α ; ferrite) ; que l'on peut ensuite réchauffer la tôle épaisse (4) au moyen du dispositif de chauffage (13) jusqu'à la deuxième température désirée qui, à titre de la température de recuit normale, est supérieure à la température de transformation complète du fer y en fer a, à savoir la température Ac3, en se situant dans la zone de l'austénite homogène ; et que l'on peut ensuite refroidir la tôle épaisse (4) jusqu'à la température ambiante, à titre de la troisième température désirée.
  13. Dispositif (1, 1') selon la revendication 10 ou 11, caractérisé en ce que l'installation de traitement thermique (5) est conçue d'une manière telle que l'on peut refroidir la tôle épaisse (4) après la transformation ou le laminage à chaud, au cours d'un traitement thermique qui suit directement, au moyen du dispositif de refroidissement (12), à partir de la chaleur de laminage, jusqu'à la première température désirée qui est inférieure à la température de formation de bainite ; que l'on peut maintenir ensuite la tôle épaisse (4), au moyen du dispositif de chauffage (13), par chauffage jusqu'à une température qui se situe dans la plage de transformation en bainite, à titre de la deuxième température désirée ; et que l'on peut au final refroidir la tôle épaisse (4) jusqu'à la température ambiante, à titre de la troisième température désirée.
  14. Dispositif (1, 1') selon la revendication 10 ou 11, caractérisé en ce que l'installation de traitement thermique (5) est conçue d'une manière telle que l'on peut refroidir la tôle épaisse (4) après la transformation ou le laminage à chaud, au cours d'un traitement thermique qui suit directement, au moyen du dispositif de refroidissement (12), à partir de la chaleur de laminage, jusqu'à la première température désirée qui est inférieure à la température de formation de martensite ; que l'on peut ensuite réchauffer la tôle épaisse (4), au moyen du dispositif de chauffage (13), par chauffage jusqu'à une température de recuit qui est inférieure à la température de transformation du fer γ en fer a, à savoir la température Ac1, à titre de la deuxième température désirée ; et que l'on peut au final refroidir la tôle épaisse (4) jusqu'à la température ambiante, à titre de la troisième température désirée.
  15. Dispositif (1, 1') selon l'une quelconque des revendications 10 à 14, caractérisé en ce qu'on le conçoit et on le réalise dans le but d'obtenir une tôle épaisse (4) qui possède une épaisseur supérieure à 8 mm, en particulier une épaisseur de 40 mm à 400 mm, et une largeur qui est supérieure à 1.200 mm, au cours desdites plusieurs étapes de transformation de l'installation de laminage (11).
  16. Dispositif (1, 1') selon l'une quelconque des revendications 10 à 15, caractérisé en ce qu'il présente, dans la direction de production (3) de la tôle épaisse (4), une installation de dressage (6) qui est montée à la suite du dispositif de chauffage (13).
  17. Dispositif (1, 1') selon la revendication 16, caractérisé en ce qu'il présente, dans la direction de production (3) de la tôle épaisse (4) une ou plusieurs installation(s) de traitement thermique supplémentaire(s) qui est/sont montée(s) à la suite de l'installation de dressage (6), qui comprend/comprennent de préférence de manière respective au moins un dispositif de refroidissement supplémentaire et au moins un dispositif de chauffage supplémentaire.
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WO2016059183A1 (fr) 2016-04-21
KR20170056668A (ko) 2017-05-23
CN107075600A (zh) 2017-08-18
RU2017116602A (ru) 2018-11-19
EP3206808A1 (fr) 2017-08-23
JP2017538583A (ja) 2017-12-28
RU2017116602A3 (fr) 2018-11-19
DE102014221068A1 (de) 2016-04-21
US20170275729A1 (en) 2017-09-28

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