EP1805565B1 - Armbanduhr-regulierungsglied und mechanisches uhrwerk mit einem solchen regulierungsglied - Google Patents

Armbanduhr-regulierungsglied und mechanisches uhrwerk mit einem solchen regulierungsglied Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1805565B1
EP1805565B1 EP05801381A EP05801381A EP1805565B1 EP 1805565 B1 EP1805565 B1 EP 1805565B1 EP 05801381 A EP05801381 A EP 05801381A EP 05801381 A EP05801381 A EP 05801381A EP 1805565 B1 EP1805565 B1 EP 1805565B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
balance
regulating member
magnets
fixed
mobile
Prior art date
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EP05801381A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP1805565A2 (de
Inventor
Thomas Houlon
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LVMH Swiss Manufactures SA
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TAG Heuer SA
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Priority to EP10176455A priority Critical patent/EP2282240B1/de
Publication of EP1805565A2 publication Critical patent/EP1805565A2/de
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G04—HOROLOGY
    • G04C—ELECTROMECHANICAL CLOCKS OR WATCHES
    • G04C3/00—Electromechanical clocks or watches independent of other time-pieces and in which the movement is maintained by electric means
    • G04C3/04—Electromechanical clocks or watches independent of other time-pieces and in which the movement is maintained by electric means wherein movement is regulated by a balance
    • G04C3/06—Electromechanical clocks or watches independent of other time-pieces and in which the movement is maintained by electric means wherein movement is regulated by a balance using electromagnetic coupling between electric power source and balance
    • G04C3/065—Electromechanical clocks or watches independent of other time-pieces and in which the movement is maintained by electric means wherein movement is regulated by a balance using electromagnetic coupling between electric power source and balance the balance controlling gear-train by means of static switches, e.g. transistor circuits
    • G04C3/066—Constructional details, e.g. disposition of coils
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G04—HOROLOGY
    • G04B—MECHANICALLY-DRIVEN CLOCKS OR WATCHES; MECHANICAL PARTS OF CLOCKS OR WATCHES IN GENERAL; TIME PIECES USING THE POSITION OF THE SUN, MOON OR STARS
    • G04B17/00—Mechanisms for stabilising frequency
    • G04B17/20—Compensation of mechanisms for stabilising frequency
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G04—HOROLOGY
    • G04C—ELECTROMECHANICAL CLOCKS OR WATCHES
    • G04C5/00—Electric or magnetic means for converting oscillatory to rotary motion in time-pieces, i.e. electric or magnetic escapements
    • G04C5/005—Magnetic or electromagnetic means

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a regulating organ for a wristwatch, and a mechanical movement for a wristwatch provided with such a movement.
  • the usual mechanical watches comprise an energy accumulator constituted by a barrel, a kinematic chain, or a train, driving needles, a regulating organ determining the running of the watch, and an escapement for transmitting the oscillations of the regulating organ. at the wheel.
  • the present invention relates in particular to the regulating organ.
  • the conventional regulating members most often comprise a rocker mounted on a rotating axis and a return member exerting a torque on the balance to bring it back to an equilibrium position.
  • the escapement, or drive member maintains oscillations of the balance around the equilibrium position.
  • the return member generally comprises a spiral spring, often called spiral, mounted coaxially with the balance.
  • the hairspring transmits a restoring torque to the balance wheel through the ferrule; the rest position of the spiral spring determines the return position of the balance.
  • the deformation of material at each oscillation of the spiral spring causes a loss of energy, and therefore a reduction in the running time of the watch.
  • the precision of the watch depends to a large extent on the properties of the material used for the spiral spring, as well as the machining accuracy of the end curves. Despite significant progress in metallurgy, the reproducibility of these properties is difficult to guarantee.
  • the spiral springs tend to getting tired over time, so that the restoring force decreases with the aging of the watch, resulting in a variation in accuracy.
  • the oscillations of the balance in one direction tend to unroll the spiral spring while the rotations in the opposite direction have the effect of contracting it.
  • the deformation of the spring is therefore exerted differently depending on the direction of rotation of the balance, which influences the return force and therefore the accuracy and reproducibility.
  • the peg and the ferrule to fix the hairspring to the cock (or balance bridge), respectively to the pendulum, are other sources of disturbance and unbalance that unbalance the pendulum.
  • the hairspring exerts a torsion torque on the balance at the point of attachment of the ferrule, which negatively influences the accuracy obtained.
  • the hairspring In a vertical position, the hairspring also tends to deform under its own weight, which causes a shift in its center of gravity and a disturbance of the period.
  • the balance is also subject to gravitational attraction as well as acceleration caused by the movements of the wearer. Since the spring force of the spiral spring is small, these external disturbances have an important influence on the accuracy of the gait, and complex correction mechanisms, for example vortices or even three-axis vortices, are sometimes used to compensate for them.
  • the thickness of the spiral is added to that of the balance, so that the total thickness of the regulating member is relatively large.
  • Regulating organs for a wristwatch using a vibrating tuning fork have been devised, which make it possible to solve a certain number of the problems mentioned. These regulating members, however, also act by deformation and elastic vibration of material in the branches of the tuning fork, so that the accuracy also depends on the metallurgy and machining precision. These solutions have not been widely adopted.
  • An object of the present invention is therefore to provide a regulating organ for a different wristwatch and which avoids the disadvantages of the prior art.
  • Another object is to provide a regulating member that can be used with a mechanical watch, devoid of power source.
  • Another object of the invention is to provide a regulating device with a pendulum for a mechanical watch which is devoid of a cock, stud, ferrule and other means for fixing the return member to the balance wheel and to the axis of the balance wheel .
  • This arrangement has the advantage of allowing the complete removal of the spiral spring in mechanical watches, and of most of the problems associated with it.
  • This arrangement also has the advantage of offering greater precision, as well as less influence to disturbances caused by gravitation or by external accelerations.
  • the return member tends to return the balance to at least one stable equilibrium position
  • the drive member for example an exhaust, tends to remove it.
  • Oscillating members employing magnetic fields are described in particular US4'266'291 , US3'921'386 , US3'714'773 , US3'665'699 , US3'161'012 , de2424212 , and GB1444627 .
  • Cessept documents however relate to electric watches, in which a magnetic field is generated by means of an electromagnet. These solutions are therefore not suitable for mechanical watches devoid of power source.
  • the document US 3937001 discloses a watch having a mechanical power source and a regulating member having a balance provided with permanent magnets.
  • the frequency of the pendulum is controlled electrically by means of an electromagnet powered by a control circuit.
  • the document is also known GB 1389 293 which shows ( figures 10 and 11 ) a permanent magnet fixed on the plate and cooperating with a permanent magnet shown on the balance.
  • the permanent magnet fixed on the plate does not exert the function of return member.
  • the magnetic field generated by the fixed part of the return member is fixed and constant, that is to say that it is not a current and that it does not vary in the time.
  • the magnetic field generated by the mobile magnet (s) is rotating; that is to say that the balance has an axis of rotation and that the mobile magnet or magnets, integral with the balance on which they are directly fixed, oscillate along a path circular around said axis of rotation.
  • all of the kinematic energy of the mobile magnets is transmitted to the balance.
  • the movements of rotation of the balance can be transmitted by means of a conventional exhaust to the rest of the watch.
  • the movement of the balance is thus constituted by oscillations around the axis of rotation of the balance, the amplitude of the oscillations being less than 360 °, for example less than 180 °, or even less than 120 °. It is thus possible to obtain a high frequency of oscillation, favorable to the precision and the resolution of the regulating organ; in addition, it is easier to obtain a relationship without discontinuities between the restoring force and the angular position of the balance when it oscillates in a limited range.
  • the invention is however not limited to particular oscillation amplitudes; oscillation amplitudes between 180 and 300 °, or even amplitudes close to 360 °, may also be employed, for example by employing a single fixed magnet and a single movable magnet. These oscillations of greater amplitude have the advantage of minimizing the impact of the disturbance introduced by the exhaust at each cycle.
  • At least one movable magnet oscillates in a circular path between two fixed permanent magnets arranged on a circular arc and spaced angularly by less than 180 °.
  • a large magnetic interaction is created whose intensity varies according to a continuous function along the oscillation trajectory.
  • the balance is excited by mechanical elements to oscillate isochronously around the equilibrium position.
  • the balance can thus be associated with a conventional escapement for a mechanical watch.
  • the energy required for the excitation of the balance can be transmitted from the exhaust through permanent magnets
  • the magnetic balance of the invention can be used in a purely mechanical watch, without coils, electromagnets and power supply.
  • the mobile magnet or magnets are fixed relative to the balance, which facilitates the construction.
  • the pendulum and the magnets oscillate according to the same alternating circular movement.
  • the fixed magnets preferably act to repel the moving magnets mounted on the balance.
  • the position of equilibrium is determined by repulsion forces, and is reached when the mobile magnets are equidistant between two fixed magnets, and the repulsive force of the two fixed magnets acting on each moving magnet is compensated.
  • the magnetic field generated by the fixed magnets is minimal at the equilibrium position, so that the amount of energy required to move the balance from this equilibrium position and to maintain an oscillation is reduced.
  • the magnetic interaction between the fixed and movable magnets increases as the balance moves away from the equilibrium position, so that the return force increases proportionally with the angular distance of the balance relative to its rest position.
  • the stability of the equilibrium point can however be controlled by additional magnets acting by attraction. Likewise, the balance can be moved away from positions of undesired equilibrium
  • the invention does not exclude variants in which the equilibrium position is determined by attraction forces, and is reached when the moving magnets are at a minimum distance from corresponding magnets, or equidistant between two fixed magnets, attraction offset each other.
  • this variant has the disadvantage of requiring a greater excitation to oscillate the balance around a position of equilibrium corresponding to a maximum of the magnetic attraction.
  • the magnetized parts are constituted by magnetized portions of the balance itself.
  • the pendulum could thus be constituted by a magnetized ring with alternating polarities along the periphery.
  • the moving magnets are directly mounted on or connected to the anchor of the exhaust.
  • the anchor then constitutes a pendulum, that is to say an oscillating element isochronically in a magnetic field.
  • pendulum designates an oscillating piece under the effect of an excitation around a position of equilibrium.
  • the substantially isochronic oscillations determine the progress of the watch.
  • the balance can be constituted by a wheel with any number of spokes, a disc, a rod, an anchor, etc.
  • the figure 1b schematically illustrates a regulating member 1 comprising a rocker 3 oscillating about an axis 300 perpendicular to the plate of the movement.
  • the balance 3 comprises an annular serge and has two radial spokes (or arms) 302 about the axis 300. Screws 301 can easily move the moment of inertia of the balance.
  • the pendulum constitutes a mass of inertia; its mass, as well as its radius, are preferably important within the limits imposed by the will of miniaturization of the movement. The large restoring force that the claimed solution allows allows the use of particularly important weights of inertia.
  • Bimetallic rockers that deform to compensate for temperature variations are also possible in the context of the invention. Other means can be implemented to compensate for the variation of the intensity of the magnetic field related to the temperature.
  • the balance 3 is connected to or provided with mobile permanent magnets 30 driven in rotation with the balance.
  • the illustrated example comprises two discrete permanent bipolar magnets which are arranged asymmetrically with respect to the axis 300, at 180 ° to one another. Each magnet has a positive pole and a negative pole equidistant from the axis 300.
  • the magnets 30 can be held mechanically or by sticking on the balance 3.
  • the magnetized parts could also be constituted by magnified parts of the balance itself, or by a magnetic track on the balance.
  • the pendulum could thus be constituted by a magnetized ring with alternating polarities along the periphery.
  • the pendulum could for example be magnetized homogeneously or gradually by means of a recording head, that is to say a coil generating a magnetic field of controlled intensity in a gap.
  • the regulating member further comprises two fixed permanent magnets 40, mounted on a bridge or on the stage of the movement by any suitable means.
  • the two magnets are arranged in the plane of the balance 3, symmetrically and at 180 ° with respect to the axis 300.
  • the fixed magnets 40 could also be arranged in another plane, parallel to the plane of the balance 3.
  • the magnets 40 each comprise a positive pole and a negative pole whose arrangement, symmetrical with respect to the axis 300, is, however, reversed with respect to the arrangement of the poles on the moving magnets 30.
  • the stationary magnets 40 and mobiles 30 repel with each other. a maximum magnetic interaction force when they are close.
  • the equilibrium position is reached by turning the balance by 90 °, so as to push each movable magnet 30 equidistant from two fixed magnets40; the magnetic field generated by the permanent magnets 40 is minimal in this arrangement, so that the force or moment necessary to leave this equilibrium position is also reduced.
  • the magnets 30 and 40 are preferably chosen so that the magnetic repulsion force, even in the equilibrium position illustrated, is much greater than the gravitational force exerted on the balance 3.
  • Permanent magnets composed of metal oxides , rare earth compounds or platinum-cobalt alloys will preferably be used to obtain large residual fields.
  • the position of the fixed magnets, or even the position of the movable magnets, may in all variants be adjusted, for example by means of screws, in order to adjust the oscillation frequency of the balance.
  • Oscillations of the balance thus depend little on the inclination of the balance.
  • the rotating mass of the balance 3 (including the screws 301) and moving magnets 30 is furthermore preferably distributed as evenly as possible around the axis 300, so as to improve the balance of the balance.
  • additional mechanical stops can be provided on the balance 3 and / or on a bridge in order to limit the amplitude of the possible rotations of the balance, and thus prevent the balance from moving position of balance to another following a shock, for example.
  • Similar abutment elements may also be employed with the other embodiments discussed below.
  • the additional stops may for example comprise elastic means for damping shocks at the end of the race.
  • the balance 3 is swinging around the equilibrium position of the figure 1b by means of a drive member constituted in this example by an escapement 2, here a conventional Swiss anchor escapement.
  • the escapement can also be specially adapted to take into account the low oscillation amplitude of the balance.
  • the movements of the anchor, limited by the stops 201 are transmitted to the balance 3 through the fork 202 and the pin 31.
  • the pulses given to the balance 30 are preferably by attraction or repulsion between magnetized parts on the balance and on the exhaust. Uncontacted training is possible.
  • the amplitude and the frequency of the oscillations around the equilibrium position are determined by the force and disposition of the magnets, and by the amplitude of the torque transmitted by the drive member. It is also noted that the rocker 30 oscillates without material deformations, so that the oscillation frequency does not depend on the metallurgical characteristics or the aging of elastic parts.
  • the large restoring force that the use of powerful magnets makes it possible to obtain high oscillation frequencies, higher than the usual frequencies in the usual mechanical watches, and thus to increase the accuracy and / or the resolution of the movement.
  • a choice of appropriate magnets and geometry thus makes it possible to display indications of time or duration with a resolution of the order of one tenth or even one hundredth of a second.
  • the regulating organ of the figure 1b is shown in partial section on the figure 2 , the exhaust 2 has been removed from the figure to improve readability.
  • the rocker 3 pivots about an axis 300 perpendicular to the upper bridge 41 and the lower bridge 42.
  • the bridges 41 and 42 preferably form a magnetic shielding both to protect the balance 3 of the fields external magnets, and to protect the other components of the watch from the magnetic fields generated in particular by the magnets 30 and 40.
  • a shielding may also, in a variant not shown, be obtained by means of elements distinct from the bridges, for example by means of the platinum, dial, box, or dedicated items. Shielding on all sides can also be adopted.
  • the kinematic chain between the regulating member and the needles comprises at least one element made of synthetic material, for example a belt driven by a pulley.
  • the axis 300 of the balance 3 is maintained in the bridges 41, 42 by means of two bearings 410 and 420, for example conventional bearing blocks, incabloc bearings or in the preferred example illustrated magnetic bearings
  • the upper ends 3001 and lower 3002 of the axis 300 are magnetized or provided with magnets.
  • the bearings 410 respectively 420 each comprise a housing 4100 respectively 4200 whose depth and diameter are slightly greater than the corresponding dimensions of the axis 300.
  • the walls of the housings are magnetized with a polarization identical to that of the corresponding ends of the axis 300, so as to push this axis which is thus levitated between the bearings 410 and 420.
  • the axis 300 can rotate without friction. This arrangement also makes it possible to eliminate the wear of the bearings 410, 420 and the axis 300.
  • the balance 3 of the invention can thus oscillate without any contact with other elements, being recalled to its equilibrium position by means of magnets 30,40, maintained by magnetic palms410, 420 and / or driven by a magnetic escapement. It is thus possible to reduce the friction and wear caused by the movements of the balance. These different measures can however be implemented independently of each other.
  • the figure 1a illustrates a variant of regulating organ similar to the variant of the figure 1b , but in which the realization of the escapement allows oscillation of the balance of greater amplitude, for example oscillations up to 180 °, see more by modifying the disposition of the magnets
  • the exhaust is preferably an exhaust Swiss anchor that allows significant oscillations of the pendulum without generating excessive oscillations of the anchor.
  • the balance 3 is further equipped with screws for correcting any unbalance, or other sources of disturbances of walking.
  • the figure 3 illustrates in a simplified manner a second variant regulating member according to the invention (without the exhaust 2), wherein the fixed permanent magnets 40 and the moving permanent magnets 30 are each constituted by two magnets contiguous in opposition.
  • the resulting magnetized piece thus has two ends provided with identical polarities.
  • the figure 4 illustrates in a simplified manner a third variant of the regulating member according to the invention, in which the fixed permanent magnets40 each consist of two magnetsaccolisen opposition.
  • the resulting magnetized piece thus comprises two ends provided with identical polarities.
  • the two movable magnets 30 on the balance 3 each consist however of a bipolar magnet, the assembly comprising a horizontal axis of symmetry.
  • the figure 5 illustrates in a simplified manner a fourth variant of the invention, corresponding to the figure 1 but in which additional fixed permanent magnets 47 are arranged facing moving magnets 30 at the equilibrium position.
  • the fixed additional magnets 47 and the moving magnets 30 attract each other to the equilibrium position.
  • the equilibrium position is thus determined both by the repulsion of magnets 30 and 40, and by the attraction of magnets 30 and 47; the contribution of the forces of repulsion is, however, preponderant, in order to limit the stability of the equilibrium point and to allow the system to oscillate even with a low drive energy.
  • the magnetic field generated by the additional fixed magnets 47 is therefore preferably much smaller than the magnetic field of the magnets 40.
  • Additional magnets 47 with reversed poles, so as to reduce the stability of the equilibrium point, can also be devised within the scope of the invention.
  • Additional magnets may also be provided at the end of the race, either on a bridge or on the balance, so as to attract or push the balance in this position, and reduce the variation of the amplitude of the oscillations caused by disturbances.
  • the figure 6 illustrates in simplified manner a variant of the regulating member according to the invention, comprising a right rocker (in needle) 3 pivoting about a central axis 300.
  • the two ends of the balance 3 are provided with magnets 30 pushed to the equilibrium position by the mounted magnets40 mounted on a bridge not shown.
  • this arrangement reduces the size of the regulating member.
  • the figure 7 illustrates a top view of a variant of regulating member according to the invention, comprising a right balance 3 similar to that of the figure 6 , but pivoting about an axis 300 off-center. Only the end of the rocker 3 remote from the axis 300 is in this example provided with a magnet pushed towards the equilibrium position illustrated by means of two magnets 40.
  • the exhaust could be obtained by extending the balance 3 by an anchor-shaped part directly actuated by the anchor wheel.
  • the figure 8 illustrates a top view of a sixth variant of regulating member according to the invention.
  • the regulating organ is similar to that of Figures 1 to 2 but includes four movable magnets 30 distributed at 90 ° to each other on the balance 3 and four fixed magnets 40 distributed at 90 ° to each other on a not shown bridge. This arrangement makes it possible in particular to reduce the distance between the stationary magnets and the moving magnets, while multiplying the number of magnets, so that the resulting magnetic interaction force, and thus the return torque, are increased.
  • Arrangements comprising more than four mobile magnets and / or more than four fixed magnets can also be imagined.
  • magnetized parts with a plurality of zones of alternating magnetic polarities.
  • An alternating magnetic field in all or nothing, or according to a sinusoidal function for example, may for example be written by a magnetic head on the periphery of the balance and / or on a fixed element related to the movement.
  • the figure 9 illustrates a top view of a variant of regulating organ in which the number of movable magnets 30 on the balance is less than the number of fixed magnets 40.
  • Each moving magnet is thus subjected to the action of a pair of fixed magnets; each fixed magnet acts only on a single moving magnet.
  • Arrangements comprising two fixed magnets and a single movable magnet can also be imagined
  • the figure 10 illustrates a top view of a variant of regulating organ in which the number of movable magnets 30 on the balance is greater than the number of fixed magnets40.
  • Each moving magnet is thus subjected to the action of a single fixed magnet; however, each fixed magnet acts on two moving magnets.
  • the amplitude of the oscillations of the pendulum of the figure 9 is very limited, less than 90 °. It is thus possible to make it oscillate very quickly and to obtain a very fine resolution for the measurement of time.
  • oscillations of small amplitude, very fast have the disadvantage of amplifying the influence of the disturbances caused at each cycle by the friction with the anchor and the pendulum. According to the desired resolution and the quality of the realization of the escapement, it may therefore be desirable to increase the amplitude of the oscillations beyond 180 °, instead of trying to reduce it.
  • arrangements with two movable magnets and a single fixed magnet are also possible, or even a single fixed magnet and a single movable magnet that can achieve oscillations of almost 360 °.
  • inertia it is also possible to increase the rotational mass of inertia by linking the balance 3 with another oscillating mass through a kinematic chain, for example a gear on the axis the balance, or a belt. Oscillations of the balance are thus transmitted to an additional oscillating weight. Gear ratios between the rocker arm 3 and the additional oscillating mass also make it possible to obtain a different amplitude of oscillation on these two components. For example, it is conceivable to oscillate the balance 3 by 180 ° and to connect it kinematically through a gear of factor 8 to another rotating mass performing oscillations of 8 X 180 °, that is to say say four rounds, each cycle.
  • the figure 11 illustrates a variant of the invention in which the rocker is constituted by a movable magnet 30 whose path is constrained by a guide 43, for example a slide, a slide or a rail, in this example a toric slide.
  • the arrangement of the poles of the fixed magnet 40 is opposed to the arrangement of the poles of the movable magnet 30, so that the equilibrium position is reached when the movable magnet is diametrically opposed to the fixed magnet.
  • This provision allows to use a single moving magnet and a single fixed magnet.
  • Different shapes of slides, rails or slides 43, non-annular, can also be imagined; moreover, the fixed magnet 40 could be out of the slide.
  • the rocker 30 is driven through the anchor 20 actuated by an unrepresented escape wheel and articulated about the axis 300.
  • the anchor 20 extends the arm of the rocker out of the slide 43.
  • a magnetic escapement can also be used in the context of the invention.
  • the figure 12 illustrates a variant of the invention wherein the balance 3 is constituted by or comprises a magnet 3 linearly moving in a cylinder, a slide or along a rail 43 whose two ends are closed by fixed magnets 40.
  • the polarities magnets 30 and 40 are arranged so that the magnetic interaction force tends to urge the moving magnet 30 levitated midway between the two fixed magnets 40, as illustrated in FIG. figure 12 .
  • the balance 3 can be set oscillation by means of a member external to the rail 43 and following the movements of the balance 3 through a mechanical or magnetic link.
  • Rockers oscillating in a plane according to two degrees of freedom, or even three degrees of freedom, can also be imagined within the scope of the invention.
  • a plurality of permanent magnetsfixes In this case, they are intended to push the balance arm towards an equilibrium point around which a drive member makes it oscillate.
  • the Figures 13 and 14 illustrate a variant of the regulating member comprising a movable magnet 30 constituted by a disk mounted in the center of the balance 3.
  • the disc 30 comprises sectors, in the illustrated example two sectors, provided with alternating magnetic polarities.
  • the fixed magnet 40 is mounted above the movable magnet 30, in a parallel plane, and also constituted by a disk provided with sectors of alternating polarity.
  • the balance is positioned so that the opposite polarity sectors of the two magnets 30 and 40 are exactly superimposed.
  • the balance is brought into this position essentially by attraction of the opposite poles of the two magnets, and to a lesser extent by repulsion of the identical poles.
  • the balance oscillates around this position of stable equilibrium when a disturbance is brought to it for example by the escapement not shown in the figure.
  • FIGS. 13 and 14 It is also possible to modify the arrangement of FIGS. 13 and 14, for example by employing magnets 30 and 40 provided with more than two sectors of alternating polarity, or employing several fixed magnets in a first plane and several magnets moving in a parallel plane.
  • the moving magnets may also for example be placed on the periphery of the balance, and the magnets moving above these positions. It is also possible to use a number of different magnet magnets and moving magnets; for example, it is also possible in the context of the invention to mount the movable magnet 30 between a fixed magnet on an upper plane, as illustrated in the figures, and an additional fixed magnet, not shown, in a lower parallel plane.
  • the figure 15 illustrates a top view of a variant of a regulating member in which the moving magnets 30 are directly mounted on Anchor 20.
  • Fixed anchors40 tend to repel and swing these movable magnets around a position of equilibrium.
  • the anchor 20 thus acts as a pendulum.
  • This variant although conceivable, however, has the disadvantage of being more sensitive to shocks, the inertia of the anchor is generally insufficient to ensure isochronous oscillation. An anchor with high inertia would be possible, but would require a significant excitation energy to make it oscillate.
  • the variant of the figure 16 combines the features of the illustrated solutions on the Figures 13 and 15 , that is to say an anchor 20 itself acting as a pendulum and permanent and fixed magnetsconstitués by superimposed disks provided with alternating polarity sectors.
  • this relation guarantees a stable isochronic oscillation only when the oscillations satisfy very particular conditions (for example when their amplitude is small).
  • the variant of the figure 17 illustrates an example of a regulating organ in which the relationship between the beam spacing (ie its angular distance from the rest position) and the restoring force or torque obeys a different relationship.
  • the volume of the fixed magnets 40 increases when, within the range of oscillations p, one moves away from the rest position by an angular distance d, so as to increase the reminder force at a distance of this position.
  • the movable magnets 30 on the balance 3 are however of constant size along the trajectory of the oscillations. Mechanical or magnetic stops not shown can be provided to force the balance to remain in the oscillation range p even in case of shock for example.
  • the unrepresented escapement tends to rotate the balance in the antitemporal direction, which rotation is countered by the repulsion of the magnets.
  • the surface of the fixed magnets 40 in a plane parallel to the plane of the oscillations of the balance 3 increases inside the oscillation range p with the cube of the angular distance d, or possibly according to d 4 .
  • the fixed magnets40 thus have the form of sectioned moons.
  • Another possible arrangement is illustrated on the figure 19 , in which the balance oscillates around the axis 300 on each side of the rest position.
  • the mobile magnets30 of the figure 17 move in a circular path in a plane parallel to the plane of the fixed magnets40.
  • Other types of stackings of any number of moving magnet planes and fixed magnet planes can be imagined.
  • the figure 20 illustrates a variant of the invention in which the rocker 3 is provided with three spokes 302, at least one of which is magnetized with poles opposite to each radial end.
  • the fixed magnets 40 which are constituted by a magnetic ring 40 with a polarization in one direction inside, and in the opposite direction on the outside.
  • the density of the magnetic field generated by the fixed magnet varies along the periphery of the beam so as to preferably provide a restoring force that varies linearly with the angular position of the balance.
  • the pendulum could also be provided with a magnetic peripheral ring, or discrete magnets at the periphery, with a variable magnetization along the periphery.
  • the progressive magnetization of the fixed magnet can for example be obtained by magnetizing it by means of a recording head, as mentioned above.
  • a recording head in case of saturation of the magnetic material, it may be necessary to limit the oscillations of the balance in the portion ensuring the desired relationship between the angular position of the beam and the restoring force.
  • magnetizing the entire balance instead of magnetizing the entire balance, it is conceivable to magnetize only a magnetic track attached to the latter, parallel or perpendicular to the plane of the balance.
  • An additional fixed permanent magnet 47 is disposed facing the movable magnet 30 at the maximum repulsion position, in order to prevent the balance from reaching and exceeding this position.
  • This magnet 47 thus acts as a magnetic stop to move the balance from a position of undesired balance, without the disadvantages of mechanical stops causing shocks likely to disrupt the isochronic movement of the balance.
  • permanent magnets consist of a continuous ring.
  • a discontinuous ring for example provided with one or more air gaps or with discrete magnets.
  • the volume of fixed (and / or mobile) magnets thus varies continuously along the circular path of the balance, so as to control the relationship between the restoring force and the angular position of the balance.
  • the figure 21 illustrates a variant of the invention in which the thickness of the moving magnets 30 increases radially, while the thickness of the fixed magnets 40 decreases away from the axis of rotation 300.
  • An inverted arrangement, ensuring a gap between the magnets fixed and mobile, can also be adopted.
  • the radial variation in thickness can also be combined with a variation along the periphery of the regulating member.
  • the radial and / or circumferential thickness variation of the magnets 30, 40 can also be used with the embodiments of the Figures 13 and 14 having magnets superimposed.
  • the figure 22 illustrates a variant of the regulating member illustrated in the Figures 1 to 2 and further comprising a plurality of electrodes 44, whose electrical property varies as a function of the electric field to which they are subjected.
  • the electrodes 44 thus make it possible to detect or even to measure the rotating magnetic field generated by the oscillations of the moving magnets 30.
  • the electrodes 44 may for example be constituted by magnetoresistive electrodes or by Hall sensors. They can be connected to each other and to an integrated circuit 46 through conductive tracks 440 according to different topologies.
  • the circuit 440 makes it possible to determine the amplitude of the oscillations of the rocker 30 and / or the frequency of oscillation.
  • the circuit 46 may be powered by an independent energy source, for example a battery, or by a coil generating an alternating current under the action of the displacements of the balance, as illustrated in connection with the figure 18 mentioned below. An electronic correction of the running of a mechanical watch can thus be obtained.
  • an independent energy source for example a battery
  • a coil generating an alternating current under the action of the displacements of the balance as illustrated in connection with the figure 18 mentioned below.
  • the measurement of the frequency and / or the amplitude of the oscillations of the balance 30 makes it possible, for example, to detect any irregularities in the operating frequency.
  • This information can be used to correct the running of the watch, for example by exerting a correction torque on the balance 30 by means of unrepresented electromagnets or other electromechanical means, so as to correct the amplitude and the frequency of the oscillations.
  • This information can also be used to display an end-of-march signal, so as to signal to the user that the progress of the watch becomes inaccurate.
  • the figure 23 illustrates a variant of the regulating member in which a coil 45 opposite each movable magnet 30 generates a current proportional to the magnetic field generated during the displacement of this magnet near the coil.
  • a coil 45 opposite each movable magnet 30 generates a current proportional to the magnetic field generated during the displacement of this magnet near the coil.
  • Illuminated coils generate an approximately sinusoidal current whose frequency corresponds to the oscillation frequency of the pendulum. This frequency can be measured by a circuit 45, for example by comparing it with a reference frequency provided by a quartz, for example to inform the user in case of irregular frequency and / or correct this frequency, for example by injecting a compensation current in the coil 45.
  • the circuit 46 may comprise a rectifier and thus be powered itself by the current generated by the coil 45.
  • the current generated by the coil can also be used to power a circuit providing any type of function that one wishes to bring to a mechanical watch without battery.
  • the regulating organ described can be used in a movement for a stand-alone wristwatch, or in an auxiliary module, for example a chronograph module, intended to be superimposed on a basic movement.
  • the different regulating members described all comprise at least one mobile permanent magnet and at least one fixed permanent magnet.
  • the regulating member of the invention is preferably mounted in a mechanical movement, preferably without a battery, and in a watch case revealing at least part of the pendulum, which allows the user to control his movements at all times

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Magnetic Bearings And Hydrostatic Bearings (AREA)
  • Vibration Prevention Devices (AREA)
  • Electric Clocks (AREA)
  • Reciprocating, Oscillating Or Vibrating Motors (AREA)
  • Electromechanical Clocks (AREA)
  • Apparatuses For Generation Of Mechanical Vibrations (AREA)
  • Micromachines (AREA)
  • Permanent Magnet Type Synchronous Machine (AREA)
  • Switches With Compound Operations (AREA)
  • Magnetically Actuated Valves (AREA)

Claims (47)

  1. Regulierungsmittel für eine mechanische Armbanduhr, mit
    einer Balance (3) verbunden mit mindestens einem beweglichen Permanentmagneten (30),
    einem Rückstossmittel (30, 40) angeordnet, um besagte Balance in Richtung mindestens einer Gleichgewichtsposition zurückzubewegen,
    einem Antriebsmittel (2) angeordnet, um die Bewegung der Balance um besagte Gleichgewichtsposition zu erhalten,
    gekennzeichnet, dadurch dass besagtes Rückstossmittel mindestens einen befestigten Permanentmagneten (40) hat, der angeordnet ist, um ein magnetisches Feld zu generieren, um besagte Balance zu besagter Gleichgewichtsposition zurückzubewegen.
  2. Das Regulierungsmittel gemäss Anspruch 1, wobei besagte Balance eine Rotationsachse (300) hat, wobei mindestens ein beweglicher Permanentmagnet entlang einer kreisförmigen Bahn um besagte Rotationsachse oszilliert.
  3. Das Regulierungsmittel gemäss einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 2, wobei besagte befestige Magneten auf einem Kreisbogen verteilt sind.
  4. Das Regulierungsmittel gemäss Anspruch 3, wobei mindestens besagter beweglicher Magnet (30) angeordnet ist, um entlang einer kreisförmigen Bahn zwischen zwei befestigten Magneten (40), die weniger als 180° auf dem Kreisbogen voneinander entfernt sind, zu oszillieren.
  5. Das Regulierungsmittel gemäss einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 4, wobei besagtes Uhrwerk der Balance aus Oszillationen um die Rotationsachse der Balance besteht, wobei die Amplitude kleiner als 180° ist.
  6. Das Regulierungsmittel gemäss einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 4, wobei besagtes Uhrwerk der Balance aus Oszillationen um die Rotationsachse der Balance besteht, wobei die Amplitude der besagten Oszillationen grösser als 180° und vorzugsweise kleiner als 300° ist.
  7. Das Regulierungsmittel gemäss einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 6, wobei besagtes Antriebselement (2) aus einer Hemmung besteht, um kreisförmige Oszillationen von der Balance zum Rest des Uhrwerks zu übertragen.
  8. Das Regulierungsmittel gemäss einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 7, wobei besagtes Rückstossmittel angeordnet ist, um auf besagte Balance (3) ohne materielle Deformation einzuwirken.
  9. Das Regulierungsmittel gemäss einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 8, wobei besagtes Rückstossmittel so angeordnet ist, ohne in Kontakt mit besagter Balance (3) zu kommen.
  10. Das Regulierungsmittel gemäss einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 9, wobei besagtes magnetisches Feld zeitlich konstant ist.
  11. Das Regulierungsmittel gemäss einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 10, wobei mindestens ein besagter befestigter Magnet (40) so platziert ist, um besagten mindestens einen beweglichen Magneten (30) in Richtung Gleichgewichtsposition zurückzustossen.
  12. Das Regulierungsmittel gemäss einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 11, wobei die magnetische Interaktion zwischen besagtem mindestens einen befestigten Magneten (40) und besagtem mindestens einen beweglichen Magneten (30) minimal an besagter Gleichgewichtsposition ist.
  13. Das Regulierungsmittel gemäss einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 12, wobei besagte Gleichgewichtsposition durch die Einwirkung von mindestens zwei befestigten Magneten (40) bestimmt wird, die auf mindestens einen gleichen beweglichen Magneten (30) einwirken.
  14. Das Regulierungsmittel gemäss Anspruch 13, wobei in der Gleichgewichtsposition die magnetischen Felder, die durch die zwei besagten befestigten Magneten (40) auf besagten mindestens einen gleichen beweglichen Magneten (30) ausgeübt werden, von gleicher Intensität sind.
  15. Das Regulierungsmittel gemäss einem der Ansprüche 13 oder 14, wobei besagter bewegliche Magnet (30) in seiner Gleichgewichtsposition in gleichem Abstand zwischen zwei befestigten Magneten (40) ist.
  16. Das Regulierungsmittel gemäss einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 15, wobei besagte Gleichgewichtsposition durch die Einwirkung von mindestens einem befestigten Magneten (40), der gleichzeitig auf zwei bewegliche Magnete (30) einwirkt, bestimmt wird.
  17. Das Regulierungsmittel gemäss einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 16, wobei besagte Gleichgewichtsposition eine stabile Gleichgewichtsposition ist, in welcher die magnetische Anziehungskraft zwischen den befestigten Magneten und den beweglichen Magneten minimal ist.
  18. Das Regulierungsmittel gemäss einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 17, mit derselben Anzahl von beweglichen Magneten (30) wie befestigten Magneten (40).
  19. Das Regulierungsmittel gemäss einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 18, wobei in einer Gleichgewichtsposition
    jeder befestigte Magnet (40) angeordnet ist, um ein magnetisches Feld von gleicher Intensität auf zwei beweglichen Magnete (30) auszuüben,
    und jeder bewegliche Magnet (30) angeordnet ist, um ein magnetisches Feld von gleicher Intensität auf zwei befestigte Magnete (40) auszuüben.
  20. Das Regulierungsmittel gemäss einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 19, wobei besagter bewegliche Magnet oder Magnete (30) relativ zu besagter Balance (30) befestigt sind.
  21. Das Regulierungsmittel gemäss Anspruch 20, wobei besagte Balance (30) symmetrisch relativ zu besagter Rotationsachse (300) ist.
  22. Das Regulierungsmittel gemäss einem der Ansprüche 20 oder 21, wobei besagte bewegliche Magneten (30) in einer symmetrischen Weise um die Rotationsachse (300) platziert sind.
  23. Das Regulierungsmittel gemäss einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 22, mit mechanischen und/oder magnetischen Stopps, um die Amplitude von möglichen Rotationen von besagter Balance (3) zu begrenzen.
  24. Das Regulierungsmittel gemäss einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 23, wobei besagte Balance durch einen beweglichen Permanentmagneten (30) hergestellt ist.
  25. Das Regulierungsmittel gemäss einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 24, wobei besagter mindestens eine mobile Permanentmagnet (30) mit dem Anker (20) verbunden ist, aus dem auch die Balance besteht.
  26. Das Regulierungsmittel gemäss einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 25, wobei besagter mindestens ein beweglicher Permanentmagnet (30) in der Ebene der Balance befestigt ist und wobei besagter mindestens eine befestigter Permanentmagnet (40) in einer Ebene parallel zur Balance befestigt ist.
  27. Das Regulierungsmittel gemäss Anspruch 26, wobei besagter mindestens einer befestigten Permanentmagnet und besagter mindestens eine beweglicher Permanentmagnet jeweils aus einer Scheibe mit Sektoren mit alternierenden Polaritäten bestehen.
  28. Das Regulierungsmittel gemäss einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 27, mit Mitteln zur Kompensation der Variation des magnetischen Felds verbunden mit der Temperatur.
  29. Das Regulierungsmittel gemäss einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 28, wobei besagtes Antriebselement (2) durch eine mechanische Hemmung besteht, zum Beispiel eine Schweizer Ankerhemmung.
  30. Das Regulierungsmittel gemäss einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 29, wobei besagte Hemmung eine magnetische Hemmung ist.
  31. Das Regulierungsmittel gemäss einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 30, wobei besagte Balance (30) durch mindestens ein magnetisches Lager (410, 420) gehalten wird.
  32. Das Regulierungsmittel gemäss einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 31, wobei die Position von besagten mindestens einem Magnet (30, 40, 70) anpassbar ist, um die Frequenz der Oszillationen von besagter Balance (3) zu regulieren.
  33. Das Regulierungsmittel gemäss einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 32, wobei mindestens einer der besagten Magnete (30) auf ein elektronisches System (44, 45, 46) agiert, um die Frequenz der Oszillationen von besagter Balance (3) zu korrigieren oder zu bestimmen.
  34. Das Regulierungsmittel gemäss Anspruch 33, wobei besagtes elektronisches System mindestens einen Hallsensor (44) aufweist, der der Aktion des magnetischen Felds von einem der beweglichen Magnete unterworfen ist, um ein Messsignal in Abhängigkeit der Oszillationen von besagter Balance zu generieren.
  35. Das Regulierungsmittel gemäss einem der Ansprüche 33 oder 34, wobei besagtes elektronische System mindestens eine Wicklung (45) hat, die der Aktion des magnetischen Felds von einem der beweglichen Magnete (30) unterworfen ist, um ein Signal in Abhängigkeit der Oszillationen von besagter Balance (3) zu generieren.
  36. Das Regulierungsmittel gemäss einem der Ansprüche 33 bis 36, mit mindestens einem elektronischen Schaltkreis, der durch die Kraft des Elektromotors, die durch die Verschiebung von einem der besagten Magnete in der Nähe der Wicklung generiert wird, angetrieben wird.
  37. Das Regulierungsmittel gemäss einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 36, mit mindest einer Brücke aus nicht magnetischem Material.
  38. Das Regulierungsmittel gemäss einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 37, mit einem magnetischen Schirm (41, 42), um externe Elemente von dem magnetischen Feld, das durch besagte Permanentmagnete generiert wird, abzuschirmen.
  39. Das Regulierungsmittel gemäss einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 38, wobei die Verschiebung der Balance (30) durch eine führende Oberfläche begrenzt ist.
  40. Das Regulierungsmittel gemäss einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 39, angeordnet in einer Weise, dass die Rückschlagskraft von besagter Balance (30) linear mit der winkelmässigen Position (d) der Balance (3) variiert.
  41. Das Regulierungsmittel gemäss einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 40, wobei sich besagte Balance entlang einer kreisförmigen Bahn bewegt,
    wobei das Volumen der befestigten und/oder mobilen Magnete und/oder ihrer Magnetisierung in einer kontinuierlichen Weise entlang besagter Bahn variiert.
  42. Das Regulierungsmittel gemäss Anspruch 41, wobei besagte Balance (3) um eine Gleichgewichtsposition entlang einer Bahn oszilliert,
    wobei die magnetische Interaktion zwischen besagten befestigten Permanentmagneten und besagten beweglichen Permanentmagneten ansteigt, wenn die Balance sich von besagter Gleichgewichtsposition entlang der Bahn wegbewegt, um so eine ansteigende Rückschlagskraft zu erreichen.
  43. Das Regulierungsmittel gemäss einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 42, wobei bei mindestens einem der besagten befestigten und/oder beweglichen Magnete (30, 40) in einer nicht homogenen Weise magnetisiert sind.
  44. Das Regulierungsmittel gemäss einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 43, wobei besagte Balance aus mehreren oszillierenden Elementen besteht, die durch eine kinematische Kette verbunden sind und bei verschiedenen Frequenzen oszillieren.
  45. Mechanisches Uhrwerk für eine Armbanduhr mit einem Regulierungsmittel gemäss einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 44.
  46. Mechanisches Uhrwerk gemäss Anspruch 45, wobei die kinematische Kette zwischen besagtem Regulierungsmittel und den Anzeigelementen mindestens ein Band aus nicht magnetischem Material hat.
  47. Mechanisches Uhrwerk gemäss einem der Ansprüche 45 bis 46, wobei mindestens ein Teil von besagter Balance (3) von ausserhalb des Uhrwerks sichtbar ist.
EP05801381A 2004-10-26 2005-10-26 Armbanduhr-regulierungsglied und mechanisches uhrwerk mit einem solchen regulierungsglied Active EP1805565B1 (de)

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CH17682004 2004-10-26
PCT/EP2005/055582 WO2006045824A2 (fr) 2004-10-26 2005-10-26 Organe reglant pour montre bracelet, et mouvement mecanique comportant un tel organe reglant

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EP (2) EP2282240B1 (de)
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KR (1) KR100918186B1 (de)
CN (1) CN101091141B (de)
AT (2) ATE557328T1 (de)
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ATE481662T1 (de) 2010-10-15
RU2007119565A (ru) 2008-12-10
KR20070067732A (ko) 2007-06-28
EP2282240B1 (de) 2012-05-09
EP2282240A2 (de) 2011-02-09
JP2008518221A (ja) 2008-05-29
CN101091141B (zh) 2012-03-21
HK1113830A1 (en) 2008-10-17
KR100918186B1 (ko) 2009-09-22
EP2282240A3 (de) 2011-02-23
US20070201317A1 (en) 2007-08-30
EP1805565A2 (de) 2007-07-11
JP4607966B2 (ja) 2011-01-05
RU2356079C2 (ru) 2009-05-20
WO2006045824A3 (fr) 2006-08-17
CN101091141A (zh) 2007-12-19
WO2006045824A2 (fr) 2006-05-04
DE602005023633D1 (de) 2010-10-28
US7396154B2 (en) 2008-07-08
ATE557328T1 (de) 2012-05-15

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