Classifications

• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
  • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
  • H01J61/00—Gas-discharge or vapour-discharge lamps
  • H01J61/02—Details
  • H01J61/36—Seals between parts of vessels; Seals for leading-in conductors; Leading-in conductors
• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
  • C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
  • C03C27/00—Joining pieces of glass to pieces of other inorganic material; Joining glass to glass other than by fusing
  • C03C27/02—Joining pieces of glass to pieces of other inorganic material; Joining glass to glass other than by fusing by fusing glass directly to metal
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
  • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
  • H01J61/00—Gas-discharge or vapour-discharge lamps
  • H01J61/02—Details
  • H01J61/04—Electrodes; Screens; Shields
  • H01J61/06—Main electrodes
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
  • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
  • H01J61/00—Gas-discharge or vapour-discharge lamps
  • H01J61/02—Details
  • H01J61/04—Electrodes; Screens; Shields
  • H01J61/06—Main electrodes
  • H01J61/067—Main electrodes for low-pressure discharge lamps
  • H01J61/0672—Main electrodes for low-pressure discharge lamps characterised by the construction of the electrode
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
  • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
  • H01J61/00—Gas-discharge or vapour-discharge lamps
  • H01J61/02—Details
  • H01J61/04—Electrodes; Screens; Shields
  • H01J61/06—Main electrodes
  • H01J61/067—Main electrodes for low-pressure discharge lamps
  • H01J61/0675—Main electrodes for low-pressure discharge lamps characterised by the material of the electrode
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
  • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
  • H01J61/00—Gas-discharge or vapour-discharge lamps
  • H01J61/02—Details
  • H01J61/04—Electrodes; Screens; Shields
  • H01J61/06—Main electrodes
  • H01J61/073—Main electrodes for high-pressure discharge lamps
  • H01J61/0732—Main electrodes for high-pressure discharge lamps characterised by the construction of the electrode
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
  • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
  • H01J61/00—Gas-discharge or vapour-discharge lamps
  • H01J61/02—Details
  • H01J61/04—Electrodes; Screens; Shields
  • H01J61/06—Main electrodes
  • H01J61/073—Main electrodes for high-pressure discharge lamps
  • H01J61/0735—Main electrodes for high-pressure discharge lamps characterised by the material of the electrode
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
  • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
  • H01J61/00—Gas-discharge or vapour-discharge lamps
  • H01J61/02—Details
  • H01J61/36—Seals between parts of vessels; Seals for leading-in conductors; Leading-in conductors
  • H01J61/361—Seals between parts of vessel
  • H01J61/363—End-disc seals or plug seals
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
  • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
  • H01J61/00—Gas-discharge or vapour-discharge lamps
  • H01J61/02—Details
  • H01J61/36—Seals between parts of vessels; Seals for leading-in conductors; Leading-in conductors
  • H01J61/366—Seals for leading-in conductors
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
  • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
  • H01J61/00—Gas-discharge or vapour-discharge lamps
  • H01J61/02—Details
  • H01J61/54—Igniting arrangements, e.g. promoting ionisation for starting
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
  • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
  • H01J61/00—Gas-discharge or vapour-discharge lamps
  • H01J61/70—Lamps with low-pressure unconstricted discharge having a cold pressure < 400 Torr
  • H01J61/80—Lamps suitable only for intermittent operation, e.g. flash lamp
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
  • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
  • H01J61/00—Gas-discharge or vapour-discharge lamps
  • H01J61/84—Lamps with discharge constricted by high pressure
  • H01J61/90—Lamps suitable only for intermittent operation, e.g. flash lamp
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
  • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
  • H01J9/00—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for the manufacture, installation, removal, maintenance of electric discharge tubes, discharge lamps, or parts thereof; Recovery of material from discharge tubes or lamps
  • H01J9/24—Manufacture or joining of vessels, leading-in conductors or bases
  • H01J9/26—Sealing together parts of vessels
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
  • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
  • H01J9/00—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for the manufacture, installation, removal, maintenance of electric discharge tubes, discharge lamps, or parts thereof; Recovery of material from discharge tubes or lamps
  • H01J9/24—Manufacture or joining of vessels, leading-in conductors or bases
  • H01J9/32—Sealing leading-in conductors
  • H01J9/323—Sealing leading-in conductors into a discharge lamp or a gas-filled discharge device
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
  • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
  • H01J9/00—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for the manufacture, installation, removal, maintenance of electric discharge tubes, discharge lamps, or parts thereof; Recovery of material from discharge tubes or lamps
  • H01J9/40—Closing vessels

Definitions

• the invention relates to a lamp and a
• DE 102 57 477.4 known. 11 shows the closure known from DE 102 57 477.4.
• 6 is a glass tube which is closed at one end with a fused aluminum closure 7. Towards the inside of the tube, the closure 7 has a concave surface 8, that is, curved toward the exterior.
• the opening of a glass tube is sealed by molten aluminum. This can be done in the same way on both sides.
• certain shaped auxiliary bodies formed with certain materials are melted inside the flash lamp into the closing aluminum.
• the auxiliary bodies are formed or provided with materials that can easily emit electrons so as to be able to easily provide the electrons required for the spark formation.
• the material selection of the auxiliary bodies was of particular importance, since the ignition quality of the auxiliary bodies was thereby improved. written flash lamps can be improved. With this technology, a good ignition of the flash lamps can actually be achieved.
• the separate auxiliary body was provided because it was not possible to provide the aluminum melted to close the opening of the tube on its inner surface with the desired material properties immediately, so that it was necessary to an appropriately trained auxiliary body into the interior of the Insert tube and melt this to the closing aluminum, so as to contact him electrically.
• the known structure had the disadvantage that its production was cumbersome and therefore expensive. It was first to make the auxiliary body, then introduce this into the interior of the tube and then to contact in a suitable manner. In addition, since an auxiliary body was provided in addition to the shutter, the size of the flash lamp became comparatively long, since in the axial direction, the focal length of the flash lamp (distance between the electrodes) was extended by the axial extent of the two closures and that of the auxiliary body.
• the object of the invention is to provide a flash lamp and manufacturing method thereof, which allow the construction of a compact and easily ignitable lamp with a long life in a simple manufacturing process.
• a lamp has a preferably tubular container of at least partially transparent material, such as glass, in particular quartz glass or hard glass, with at least one first opening, which is closed with a metallic, preferably aluminum-containing first closure.
• the surface of the first closure facing the interior of the container has a convexly shaped area, in particular a dome that bulges toward the interior of the container.
• the angle between the inner wall of the container and the surface of the closure can be acute-angled, in particular ⁇ 90 °, preferably ⁇ 45 °.
• connection of the first closure with the container or the container wall can be achieved by Melt the first closure to the container surface done.
• a lamp in particular a flashlamp, may comprise a preferably tubular container made of at least partially transparent material, preferably glass, quartz glass or hard glass, which has a first opening which is provided with a first closure, which may be metallic and is preferably aluminum-containing. is closed. Inside the container may be a material that easily emits electrons.
• the material may comprise barium and / or cesium. It may be cesium jodid.
• Cameras and in particular portable telecommunications equipment provided with cameras, may include the flashlamps described.
• the metal occluding the container opening has electrical function as a cathode and mechanical function as a seal. It has surprisingly been found that the comparatively low-melting aluminum is nevertheless suitable as an electrode material. Because of its low vapor pressure, low sputtering tendency and good thermal conductivity, it does not cause blackening of the inner wall of the lamp when used as an electrode material.
• FIG. 10 shows schematically a process in an embodiment of a manufacturing method
• 11 shows the illustration of a known closure.
• Fig. 1 shows the overall view of a lamp.
• 10 denotes a glass tube, 11 the first closure, 12 a second closure, 13 a first end of the container, 14 a second end of the container, 15 an end face of the container, 16 the inner wall of the container, 17 the interior of the container, 18 the innermost point of the first closure, 19 a convex area, 20 a material in the interior of the container.
• the lamp comprises a container having in the embodiment of Fig. 1 a glass tube 10 having a first end 13 and a second end 14, both of which are to be closed.
• the glass tube 10 may be wholly or partially made of quartz glass or hard glass.
• the first end 13 of the tube is closed by the first closure 11.
• the second end 14 may be closed by the second closure 12.
• an optionally provided second closure 12 can be formed in the same way (in shape and / or material) as the first closure 11. At least one, preferably both closures form the electrical connections of the lamp.
• the first shutter 11 has aluminum or an aluminum alloy.
• Aluminum or aluminum alloys are a very suitable material because of their material properties in terms of durability, connectivity to the surrounding glass and electrical values.
• the closure has no auxiliary body, at least not those which would have an electrical function as internal anode or cathode.
• the surface of the first closure 11 facing the interior 17 of the container can directly be the material of which the first closure 11 is made. Its material composition can be comparatively homogeneous over the entire volume, but this does not preclude the provision of coating layers.
• the first closure has no auxiliary body at all. He then has a comparatively homogeneous structure. But outside, for example, a contact or be poured.
• the first closure 11 may be formed internally without auxiliary body.
• the surface of the first closure 11, which faces the container interior 17, is convex at least in some areas and, as shown in FIG. 1, can be formed in a dome-shaped manner.
• Convex is to be understood in a sectional plane parallel to the longitudinal direction of the lamp (transverse direction of FIG. 1).
• connection of the first closure 11 with the glass tube is vacuum-tight or gas-tight. Ambient air does not penetrate from the outside into the interior of the glass tube during the lifetime of the flash lamp, nor does the gas filling of the tube pass from the inside to the outside in the opposite direction.
• the gas-tight connection between the first closure 11 and the glass tube 10 can be made on the inner wall 16 of the glass tube 10. However, it is also possible for the connection between the first closure 11 and the end face 15 of the glass tube to be gas-tight if and as far as this end face 15 is covered by the first closure 11.
• the outer surface of the first closure 11 may be flush with the end face 15 of the tube 10. It can also be convex outward or concave inward.
• the first closure 11 may completely or partially cover the end face 15.
• Fig. 1 shows on the left a closure 12 which does not cover the end face of the tube 10 and in which the outer surface is convexly curved outward.
• the first closure 11 on the right side of FIG. 1 is also convex on the outside and partially covers the end face 15.
• the first shutter 11 is electrically conductive and forms a first electrode of the lamp.
• the second shutter 12 may be conductive and form the second electrode of the lamp.
• the furthest forward region 18 does not abut the inner wall 16 of the glass tube 10. Rather, it is spaced from it, preferably at least 10% of the inner diameter di of the tube.
• the invention as described with reference to the embodiment of Fig. 1, is a significant improvement of the known flash lamp. It has been found that good ignition properties can be achieved by the fact that the inner surface of the closure is convex. A certain electrode material that easily emits electrons is not necessary. It can therefore account for the auxiliary body and the associated production costs. The construction size becomes smaller in accordance with the dropped auxiliary body.
• Fig. 2 shows a further embodiment of the first closure.
• the first shutter 11 has a convex portion 19 which is comparatively pointed. In the extreme case, it may be a conical design, in which the tip, which also forms the innermost region 18, is barely rounded, if at all.
• the external area of the first End 11 is flat and lies in the same plane as the end face 15 of the tube 10.
• FIG. 3 shows an asymmetrical embodiment.
• 31 shows an axis of symmetry which, in the case of a glass tube, has its longitudinal axis in the middle.
• the first shutter 11 is formed asymmetrically with respect to the axis of symmetry 31. Although it has a convex portion 19. However, the innermost region 18 does not lie on the axis of symmetry 31, but is offset laterally (vertical direction in the drawing plane) against it. But he is also not on the pipe inner wall 16.
• the offset against the axis of symmetry 31 is preferably less than 30% of the inner diameter di, more preferably less than 15% or less than 5%.
• the outer surface of the first closure 11 can be processed so that it is solderable.
• the processing may comprise, for example, a coating 32 which completely or partially covers the outer surface of the first closure 11.
• the coating is a different material or alloy than the material of the first closure 11.
• the cross-sectional shape may or may not be circular. It can be oval. Over the length of the lamp (transverse direction in Fig. 1), the cross-sectional shape may be constant or variable. The dimensions such as inner diameter di or outer diameter d a ' can be constant or variable over the length.
• the outer diameter d a is preferably ⁇ 20 mm, more preferably ⁇ 10 mm, more preferably ⁇ 5 mm, further preferably ⁇ 3 mm.
• the inner diameter di is preferably ⁇ 18 mm, preferably ⁇ 8 mm, more preferably ⁇ 3 mm, more preferably ⁇ 2 mm.
• the focal length Ia (distance between the electrodes of the lamp, more specifically between the frontmost regions 18 of the closures) is preferably ⁇ 15 mm, more preferably ⁇ 6 mm, further preferably ⁇ 3 mm, more preferably ⁇ 2 mm.
• FIG. 5 shows an embodiment of the first closure 11, which also has concave areas 51a, 51b in the sectional plane parallel to the longitudinal direction. Not the entire inner surface of the first shutter 11 must be convex.
• a concave portion 51 may be provided in addition to the convex portion 19, a concave portion 51 may be provided.
• concentric around the convex portion 19 is a concave portion 51 which, in the illustrated embodiment, extends as far as the inner wall 16 of the glass tube 10. The furthest inside Rich 18 of the first shutter 11 is located in the convex portion 19th
• FIG. 6 shows a further embodiment of the first closure 11.
• the convex region 19 is formed in the shape of a cup.
• a concave portion 51 forms a constriction 62, which creates the head 61 as a convex portion 19.
• the diameter d x of the head 61 is greater than the diameter d 2 of the constriction 62.
• Fig. 7 shows a detail of dimensioning regulations. Shown is the angle ⁇ between the inner wall 16 of the tube 10 and the surface of the first closure 11. It is between the inner wall 16 and
• the angle ⁇ is preferably ⁇ 90 °, more preferably ⁇ 60 °, further preferably ⁇ 30 °. As far as the conditions are not constant, it is important to focus on average values across the board. It is not necessary to focus on microscopic conditions, but it can be considered the geometry that prevails in a range that is 10% inside diameter di from the inner wall 16 away towards the center.
• the material of the first closure has aluminum. It can be a specific aluminum alloy.
• the aluminum or its alloy has no easily evaporating elements. It can also pure aluminum (in particular weight fraction> 98%, preferably> 99.9%) are used.
• a noble gas preferably xenon
• a material that easily emits electrons may contain pure cesium and / or barium or compounds of these elements. It may have cesium iodide. At room temperature, the material is present as gas or vapor. There may also be liquid droplets.
• the first closure does not have an auxiliary body
• this may be understood unconditionally or to the effect that it does not have an auxiliary body with an electrical function, in particular as an inner cathode or anode of the flash lamp.
• it can be auxiliary body with another function, for example, for volume formation in the closure, be provided, such as a cast body, z. B. glass, which closes at least a portion of the volume of the opening and is at least partially surrounded by the aluminum-containing material.
• At least 20% of the surface of the first closure located inside the container is convex, more preferably at least 40%.
• the penetration depth t of the first closure 11 into the tube interior is based on the end flap.
• che 15 of the tube is preferably less than twice the tube inner diameter dj .
• the melting of the first closure against the container wall can - as shown schematically in FIG. 10 - take place as a method for producing the closure or the lamp in such a way that the liquid or doughy material 112 of the closure is moved from an external device 110 brought up. conditions the capillary and possibly material resistance is pressed into the opening to be closed of the container 10, where it cools and solidifies.
• the material first passes from inside the device 110 (dashed surface 113) to the end face of the tube 10 (dashed surface 114), then begins to project into the tube 10 (dashed surface 113) and finally takes the final position a (surface 113) in which it solidifies.
• 111 symbolizes a heating device.
• a controlled or controlled pressing device which causes the impression of the material.
• an optical sensor can be provided.
• Temperature range above 660 ° C and preferably below 700 0 C are processed. It can also be processed in the temperature range below 660 0 C and preferably above 640 ° C. While still hot, exchange processes (diffusion) between the sealing material and the material of the container wall, which leads to an intimate and permanent, vacuum-tight connection.
• the process may have characteristics of extrusion, ie where more or less doughy material is pressed into the opening with the necessary pressure.
• the method may include forming a preformed solid molded body which is positioned in the opening to be closed and then optionally heated together with the material of the container until it softens (doughiness) or melts so that it melts against the wall ,
• the container material may be at least in the region of its opening to be closed been heated in advance, in particular to a temperature above 100 0 C, preferably above 200 ° C. Procedures may take place in an inert environment or in a vacuum. After the material has melted on, the course of the cooling can be controlled, for example by adjusting the ambient temperature, heat supply, cooling or the like. These parameters may also change over time.
• the metallic closure took on both electrical function (in particular contacting from the interior of the lamp to the outside of the lamp, formation of electrodes, design of the ignition and burning properties) as well as mechanical function (gas-tight, preferably vacuum-tight Closing an opening).
• electrical function in particular contacting from the interior of the lamp to the outside of the lamp, formation of electrodes, design of the ignition and burning properties
• mechanical function gas-tight, preferably vacuum-tight Closing an opening.
• a division of labor may also take place in that the mechanical function (sealing) of a glass / glass or
• Glass / metal compound is effected, in which case the latter is the metal, a contact pin which pierces the glass closure and is preferably comparatively high melting, such as molybdenum or tungsten or Kovar (Fe-Ni-Co alloy). It must then be produced no Ggas- or vVakuum Actually, glass / aluminum compound, so far as working under inert gas or in an evacuated state can be avoided.
• the electrical function in the interior is perceived by an internal body with or made of aluminum. This body may have shape features toward the interior, in particular a convex portion 19 as described in the previous embodiments.
• Fig. 78a shows the preparatory step in the manufacture of the lamp and in particular the closure of one end of the lamp. 781 is a metal pin, which contributes to the electrical contact from the outside to the inside of the lamp. Preferably, it has a refractory material
• this pin 781 is provided with a collar 782 made of glass by z. B. is melted vacuum-tight to the pin 81, whose outer diameter is slightly smaller than that
• a body 873 made of a metallic material, in particular with or made of aluminum, loose in the in- minium, loosely placed in the interior of the lamp.
• the body 83 may be an annular body that is pulled over the inboard end of the pin 81.
• the outer dimensions of the body 83 are smaller than the inner dimensions of the tube 10th
• this structure is pushed into the interior of the tube 10. This can be done in ambient atmosphere and at room temperature. The entire structure is then heated. This causes the glass collar 82 to fuse to the inner wall of the tube 10, thereby sealing the tube. Also, the body 83 will melt and attach to the inner wall of the tube and also melt on the pin 81.
• the connection between the reflowed body 83 (see body 85 in Fig. 8b) and the inner wall of the tube 10 need not be gas tight, but may be a simple physical, electrically conductive abutment.
• FIG. 8b shows the final state: the body 85, which has been modified in its shape (due to melting and re-solidification), bears against the pin 81 on the one hand and against the inner wall of the tube 10 on the other.
• Pin 81 pierces body 85 and its inside end forms the innermost area 18.
• 84 symbolizes the material corresponding to the pre-glazing 82 and which is intimately fused to the inner wall of tube 10.
• the pin 81 has an outwardly projecting end which serves for external contact of the lamp.
• the internal aluminum body 85 with its electrical properties can contribute to the improvement of the discharge characteristics and ignition properties of the tube.
• aluminum is generally well suited as an electrode material. It has a low sputtering slope and low vapor pressure and, contrary to the usual expectation, will not help to blacken the inner wall of the tube despite its comparatively low melting point even after repeated discharges. This is especially true when comparatively pure aluminum is used (also in the earlier described embodiments), namely aluminum of a purity> 99% by weight, preferably> 99.9% by weight, more preferably> 99.97% by weight. %.
• Figures 9a and 9b show qualitatively similar figures as Figures 8a and 8b, so that only the differences will be described below.
• the preformed body 86 is no longer cylindrically shaped so that it could be slid over a free end of the pin 81. Rather, it tends to be a massive block that simply rests on the free end of the pin 81 prior to its melting.
• the material of the block 86 may be or have aluminum and in particular have a purity as just described.
• the inner end of the pin 81 is comparatively short, but pierces the pre-glazing 82 inwardly, so that the pin 81 from the metal of the body 86 ago metallic and thus can be contacted electrically.
• annular body 83 may be initially used as shown in Fig. 8a, whereas, conversely, in the embodiment of Figs. 8a and 8b, a solid body 86 may be used as shown in Fig. 9a.

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• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
• Materials Engineering (AREA)
• Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
• Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
• General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
• Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
• Organic Chemistry (AREA)
• Vessels And Coating Films For Discharge Lamps (AREA)
• Discharge Lamps And Accessories Thereof (AREA)
• Manufacture Of Electron Tubes, Discharge Lamp Vessels, Lead-In Wires, And The Like (AREA)
• Discharge Lamp (AREA)
• Lining Or Joining Of Plastics Or The Like (AREA)
• Tubes (AREA)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

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• 2005
  • 2005-05-13 DE DE102005022376A patent/DE102005022376B4/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
• 2006
  • 2006-03-31 TW TW095111511A patent/TWI368250B/zh not_active IP Right Cessation
  • 2006-04-24 CN CN2006800161079A patent/CN101542681B/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
  • 2006-04-24 US US11/914,038 patent/US20090218946A1/en not_active Abandoned
  • 2006-04-24 JP JP2008510440A patent/JP5100638B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
  • 2006-04-24 KR KR1020077029074A patent/KR101286779B1/ko not_active IP Right Cessation
  • 2006-04-24 EP EP06724535A patent/EP1891660A2/de not_active Withdrawn
  • 2006-04-24 WO PCT/EP2006/003758 patent/WO2006122634A2/de active Application Filing

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