Classifications

• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
  • F42B—EXPLOSIVE CHARGES, e.g. FOR BLASTING, FIREWORKS, AMMUNITION
  • F42B12/00—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material
  • F42B12/72—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the material
  • F42B12/74—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the material of the core or solid body
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
  • F42B—EXPLOSIVE CHARGES, e.g. FOR BLASTING, FIREWORKS, AMMUNITION
  • F42B12/00—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material
  • F42B12/02—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the warhead or the intended effect
  • F42B12/04—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the warhead or the intended effect of armour-piercing type
  • F42B12/06—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the warhead or the intended effect of armour-piercing type with hard or heavy core; Kinetic energy penetrators
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
  • F42B—EXPLOSIVE CHARGES, e.g. FOR BLASTING, FIREWORKS, AMMUNITION
  • F42B12/00—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material
  • F42B12/02—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the warhead or the intended effect
  • F42B12/34—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the warhead or the intended effect expanding before or on impact, i.e. of dumdum or mushroom type

Definitions

• the present invention relates to a lead-free small-caliber sheath bullet.
• Such ammunition is known in various embodiments. It can be divided into those with hard cores made of steel, those with hard cores made of dense sintered material and those with an additional medium to the hard core such as lead, aluminum and / or air. Common to this commercial ammunition is usually a full-coat trained
• Steel jacket d.i. a clad steel cladding or a copper / zinc alloy cladding (Tombak cladding).
• the jacket takes on one or more cores and other media and encloses them at least liquid-tight.
• EP-A2-0 106 411 a small-caliber ammunition and its manufacturing method are known.
• the correspondingly optimized projectiles serve mainly as infantry combat ammunition and already have good aerodynamic properties.
• this ammunition does not have the required by snipers high ballistic final energy, which is necessary for penetrating armor.
• Another disadvantage is the large proportion of hard lead (98% Pb. + 2% Sn) in the core, which is toxic in both the exercise ammunition and combat munitions in the environment and therefore today is undesirable or even prohibited in some countries.
• a cladding projectile (WO 99/10703) of increased penetration power and accuracy has a hard core of tungsten carbide and as an additional medium a soft core of lead (Pb / Sn 60/40), which are frictionally and tightly held over a brass disc in the jacket. This prevents the escape of heavy metals and / or vapors at launch; however, a toxic effect is still present in the target area. In addition, the production of such a projectile is expensive and too expensive for mass use (infantry ammunition).
• Another bullet bullet for pistols with a caliber of 9 mm is under the name SWISS P SELF 9mm Luger commercially (RUAG Ammotec, Thun / Switzerland, formerly RUAG ammunition Thun / Switzerland).
• the projectile consists of two telescoping sleeves, with the inner sleeve closed at the rear and open at the top, with the outer sleeve enclosing a large volume of air.
• This bullet is designed only for soft targets and allows smooth shots there; it can be produced without lead.
• It is therefore an object of the invention to provide a small caliber bullet (small caliber caliber up to 0.5 ”) suitable for hard targets, which is economical to produce, has a high penetration power and accuracy and releases heavy metals neither at launch nor in the target area bullet to be created should contain no lead, especially at the core.
• the projectile according to claim 1 is easy to manufacture and transmits in a hard target (sheet metal) etc. almost all the kinetic energy to the hard core which penetrates the target. The mass remains 100% preserved; At the bullet hole forms from the Tombak coat a mushroom-like collar, which the original weight of the coat This is to prove that no heavy metals and / or metal vapors are released.
• Ballistic particularly favorable is a projectile with an ogive-like outer shape and an air space according to claim 3. It has been shown that the necessary pressing of the hard core can be done precisely and with relatively low forces. In addition, the pulse transmission of the core, after a short displacement, allows penetration of the shell with lower energy losses.
• the embodiment according to claim 4 is very advantageous for the central pulse output from the jacket core to the hard core.
• the flight behavior of the projectile is largely determined by the position of the center of mass, claim 5 given.
• Focus can be optimized by the structural design and dimensioning of the hard core and in particular the cavity (hole) in the shell core.
• Alloyed tool steels are well suited for the hard core and can be processed and surface treated by conventional means. Claim 6. As very economical and at the same time in terms of density, assembly and thermal expansion, identical materials for the outer jacket and the jacket core according to claim 7 have been found.
• a constriction according to claim 8 improves the connection with the cartridge case and allows easy assembly.
• the thickening of the jacket in its front area which is specified in claim 9, reduces rebounds in the case of oblique angle bombardment against hard targets and likewise serves to determine the center of gravity of the mass.
• FIG. 1 shows a projectile according to the invention, installed in a known per se cartridge case
• 2 is a sectional view through a preferred embodiment of the projectile Fig. 1,
• FIG. 3 is a sectional view of an alternative solution of a lead-free projectile
• Fig. 4a is a conventional projectile (according to the prior art) at impact in the target
• Fig. 4b a projectile according to Fig. 2 at impact in the target
• Fig. 4c is a projectile according to Fig. 3 at impact in the target.
• the tip of a projectile 100 is designated 1.
• a flange 21 is pressed, which is part of a known cartridge 20.
• a conventional explosive 24 which acts as a propellant charge for the projectile 100.
• a percussion fuze 23 (SINTOX, trademark of the company RUAG Ammotec GmbH, Erasmusth, DE) is used.
• the preferred rotationally symmetrical projectile 100 is shown in FIG. 2 in an enlarged sectional view:
• the actual tip 1 is fictitious; in fact, it is a tip in the form of a spherical cap 2.
• a small air space 3 which is formed due to different radii between a hard core 4 and an outer shell 5.
• a jacket core 8 which has a central blind hole-shaped cavity 10.
• the center of mass 7 of the projectile In its upper part is the center of mass 7 of the projectile.
• the end of the shell 5 is conically tapered and ends in a gradation of an angle ⁇ of 30 °, which gradation merges into an end flange 9 and the two cores 4 and 8 holds together non-positively.
• the diameter K of the projectile 100, the caliber, in the present case is 5.56 mm and is of the type SS 109.
• the diameter 6 of the constriction is 5.45 mm.
• the surface hardness is 570 HV1.
• the hard core 4 has a lower conical tip of 90 °, which rests positively in a corresponding countersinking (countersinking) in the upper part of the jacket core 8.
• This configuration can be varied as desired; but advantageous is an analogous form of central centering effect, which facilitates the insertion or pressing of the cores and ensures the rotational symmetry of the Ge-lap.
• the hard core can also be made of other materials, for example of sintered materials such as
• Tungsten carbide Other bullet jackets are conceivable, which have a similar ductility as Tombak.
• the sheath core can also be made of other materials which have an analog or higher density. For all alloys, however, it is important to ensure heavy metal elimination during launch and in the target.
• Fig. 3 a variant of the projectile described above is shown, while the same functional parts are provided with the same reference numerals.
• the hard core was dispensed with here.
• a single jacket core 8 ' also fills the space of the hard core 4, Fig. 2, from.
• the associated cavity 10 ' is shortened relative to the cavity 10 and has a smaller diameter.
• the mass of the entire projectile 100 ' has been increased, so that approximately the same end ballistic performance and effect is achieved in the target.
• the cavity 10 On the front side, the cavity 10 'is tapered and at least almost closed so that, together with the front part of the outer jacket 5, a compact tip results when impacted at the target.
• the cavity 10 or 10 allows a transverse contraction in the projectile barrel (rifle), which compared to solid projectiles leads to a reduction of wear (abrasion), especially in the trains.
• the launching speed of the projectiles 100 or 100 'at the mouth is higher than in projectiles without a cavity 10 or 10'.
• the low drag coefficient c w of a 5.56 mm bullet (SS109 type) according to the invention led after 570 m flight distance (NATO target) to an impact velocity of 470 m / s;
• the used steel plate Stanag 4172 of 3.5 mm thickness HRB 55-70 (400 N / mm 2 ) and was shot through smoothly.
• FIG. 4a shows a conventional hard core projectile 200 (Prior Art) before and during the impact at the target Z (steel).
• the steel shell 50 shatters at the target Z, a tungsten or steel hard core 40 penetrates the target Z, while due to the high kinetic energy of the following lead core 30 is partially liquefied on impact and partially sublimiertverdampft. This can be recognized by a cloud of vapor 30 ', which leaves traces of lead after condensation at the destination.
• projectile 200 In projectile 200, a combination of elastic and plastic impact with high deformation work (material separation on all sides) takes place.
• the material of the projectile 200 which is fragmented at the target Z and can still be detected, no longer corresponds to its initial weight at the muzzle.
• FIG. 4b shows the identical mass at the target Z.
• the hard core 4 (steel or tombac) penetrates the target Z as well.
• the outer jacket 5 deforms mushroom-shaped at the target Z into a deformed jacket 5 'and transmits almost 100% of the kinetic energy via its, likewise ductile jacket core 8 onto the hard core 4; There is no material decomposition, neither on the jacket 5 nor on the jacket core 8 instead.
• the pulse direction is retained. 4c shows the same: FIG. 4b modified bullet 100 'is compressed at target Z and penetrates with a now flattened tip 1'. The pulse direction is also maintained, the sheath core 8 'shifts in the impact in the air space 3, compressed and upsetting, which is here designated by 8 ".
• Tip fictitious

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• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
• General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Thermal Sciences (AREA)
• Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
• Aiming, Guidance, Guns With A Light Source, Armor, Camouflage, And Targets (AREA)
• Electrotherapy Devices (AREA)
• Glass Compositions (AREA)
• Powder Metallurgy (AREA)
• Vibration Dampers (AREA)
• Electron Sources, Ion Sources (AREA)
• Elimination Of Static Electricity (AREA)
• Dental Preparations (AREA)
• Walking Sticks, Umbrellas, And Fans (AREA)
• Vessels And Coating Films For Discharge Lamps (AREA)
• Led Device Packages (AREA)
• Earth Drilling (AREA)
• Fixed Capacitors And Capacitor Manufacturing Machines (AREA)

Priority Applications (3)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Publications (2)

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