EP1007898B1 - Projectile chemise a noyau dur - Google Patents

Projectile chemise a noyau dur Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1007898B1
EP1007898B1 EP98937723A EP98937723A EP1007898B1 EP 1007898 B1 EP1007898 B1 EP 1007898B1 EP 98937723 A EP98937723 A EP 98937723A EP 98937723 A EP98937723 A EP 98937723A EP 1007898 B1 EP1007898 B1 EP 1007898B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
hard core
core
projectile
cone
jacket
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP98937723A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP1007898A1 (fr
Inventor
Carl Hug
Beat Messerli
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
RUAG Munition
Original Assignee
RUAG Munition
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by RUAG Munition filed Critical RUAG Munition
Publication of EP1007898A1 publication Critical patent/EP1007898A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP1007898B1 publication Critical patent/EP1007898B1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F42AMMUNITION; BLASTING
    • F42BEXPLOSIVE CHARGES, e.g. FOR BLASTING, FIREWORKS, AMMUNITION
    • F42B12/00Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material
    • F42B12/72Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the material
    • F42B12/76Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the material of the casing
    • F42B12/78Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the material of the casing of jackets for smallarm bullets ; Jacketed bullets or projectiles
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F42AMMUNITION; BLASTING
    • F42BEXPLOSIVE CHARGES, e.g. FOR BLASTING, FIREWORKS, AMMUNITION
    • F42B12/00Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material
    • F42B12/72Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the material
    • F42B12/76Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the material of the casing
    • F42B12/80Coatings
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F42AMMUNITION; BLASTING
    • F42BEXPLOSIVE CHARGES, e.g. FOR BLASTING, FIREWORKS, AMMUNITION
    • F42B12/00Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material
    • F42B12/72Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the material
    • F42B12/74Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the material of the core or solid body

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a projectile according to the Preamble of claim 1.
  • Hartkerm small-caliber ammunition is used in particular by Used snipers and aiming for precise penetration of armored targets.
  • Armored targets in the sense the subject of the invention are protective vests (for people); PanzergIas, steel plates and light metal armor.
  • Such ammunition is known in various designs. she can be in those with steel cores, in those with hard cores made of dense sintered material and those with an additional medium to the hard core such as lead, aluminum and / or air organize. Common to this ammunition is usually a Fully-clad steel clad, clad steel clad or tombac jacket that picks up the cores and media and at least includes liquid-tight.
  • a mantle storey with a truncated cone on the rear Bleikem and this surrounding jacket made of steel or a tombac alloy is shown in EP-A1- 0 499 832.
  • the coat also with a thin layer of tin plated.
  • a small-caliber floor is known from GB -A- 592 538, in which the hard core is self-supporting in the shell between the front area and a rear body is made of light metal. This will make the one you want Weight distribution achieved, manufacturing tolerances balanced additionally reduces the friction in the gun barrel.
  • GB -A- 601 686 also shows another mantle storey a special, technically favorable design a hard and a soft core.
  • the front For this purpose, the hard core has partially smaller diameters as the inside of the shell jacket; is also the hard core through a soft body made of light metal, with a axial excess length, supported, which is one of the front Centering of the hard core serving recess, which passes into another dome-shaped cavity. Thereby there are gaps and recesses between the cores and the coat, which is when pressing and closing the Bullet material displacements allowed and a compressibility results, whereby manufacturing tolerances can be compensated are.
  • the well-known projectiles have due to their geometry and Inside and outside ballistics an insufficient first-chance probability and point at armored targets insufficient penetrability.
  • WO 89/03015 describes a projectile for a large caliber Firearm, especially for a gun, the Bullet to increase penetration and prevent a detachment of the shell is a positive Has connection between this and its core.
  • the bullet to increase penetration and prevent a detachment of the shell is a positive Has connection between this and its core.
  • One in a variant intended cavity between an acute angled front area of the core and the inside of the jacket is with Grease, plastic or powder filled to the target Maintain shape of tip; this also decreases during the resulting friction.
  • EP -A2- 0 106 411 is a small-caliber ammunition and their manufacturing process known.
  • the appropriately optimized and manufactured bullets mainly serve as infantry combat ammunition and already have good aerodynamic Properties on.
  • This ammunition owns not the high ballistic level required by snipers Final energy, which is necessary to penetrate armor is.
  • It is therefore an object of the invention to provide small-caliber ammunition to create the disadvantages of the prior art does not have and in particular a high penetration rate with armored targets, low cross wind sensitivity and also has increased precision.
  • the ammunition to be created is said to be used in a police operation allow the snipers behind glass Fight targets precisely.
  • the smaller front area of the hard core compared to the inner shape ensures its tight fit on the outer shape and encloses with it an airspace that Penetration of the target in armor easy detachment supported by the hard core, so that this after Kind of arrow ammunition that penetrates armor.
  • this airspace helps manufacturing tolerances between to balance the coat and the hard core.
  • the middle part filled with a relatively soft material prevents, due to its albeit poor deformability, inadmissible friction and thus additional energy losses in the gun barrel. This also results in the following a lower erosion, which affects the life of the used Gun extended.
  • the soft core is flange-like centered on the frustoconical hard core so that none Unbalance, with the rotation generated by the twist of the running groove of the floor.
  • the end of the soft core is also frustoconical designed; the coat also encloses this form-fitting, which in turn results in high dimensional accuracy and prevents eddy formation in the rear area of the projectile and others the low observed decrease in speed caused on the trajectory.
  • the prefabricated hard core is in one water-filled drum trovalized for several hours, until its surface is smooth and matt Gloss is visibly fine.
  • Cladding using a copper) zinc alloy known per se reduces the friction in the barrel and, in conjunction with the soft core located in the cylindrical part of the jacket, results in the surprisingly high initial speeds v 0 ; this also with conventional propellant charges.
  • a ceramic hard core made of cobalt-alloyed tungsten carbide (WC / Co 88/12) with a density of 14.3 g / cm 3 has proven itself extremely well in terms of penetration performance, hardness and the mandatory high density.
  • a soft core made of a lead-tin alloy (Pb / Sn 60/40) with a density of 9.2 g / cm 3 fulfills all requirements in terms of flexibility (low hardness) and the necessary mass to achieve the final ballistic performance.
  • the weight ratios for an entire projectile mass from 100% are 42% to 50%, preferably 44% hard core mass, 28% up to 34%, preferably 31% soft core mass and preferably 25% of the Total mass provided for the coat. This results in Small caliber ammunition an ideal weight distribution in the projectile, i.e. the focus is for a ballistic Optimal trajectory.
  • An optimal rotationally symmetrical centering of the soft core on the hard core is between 14 ° to by cone angle 18 °, preferably 16.5 ° achieved.
  • a surface treatment of the is economically optimal Hard core by trovalizing for several hours, i.e. in practice up to twelve hours in a water bath at room temperature, whereby the cores grind each other, until they're smooth and shiny. - Of course come other methods in question which the desired Fineness of surface and thus form-fitting in the jacket cause.
  • Fig. 1 denotes a cartridge case known per se, which is also a known powder charge 2 - contains a high-performance propellant charge.
  • a projectile 100 is inserted, the tip 4 is formed by a steel jacket 3.
  • Has on the front this an ogive shape 7a, which in a cylindrical central part 7b merges, which is a choke groove 12, for attachment has the sleeve 1 and ends in a rear region 9.
  • the hard core 5 has a frustoconical rear area 5b, which has a precisely fitting inner shape of a Soft core 8 is occupied.
  • a front area 5a is a truncated cone formed with a tip angle ⁇ ; between this and the concave inner shape of the bullet tip 4 is located an essential airspace 6.
  • the steel jacket closes by a flaring 13 at the rear 3 the three included components: soft core 8; Hard core 5 and air 6 non-positively.
  • the front area 5a is designed as a spherical cap and also serves - as in Fig. 1 - to compensate for manufacturing tolerances and forms by the subsequent one in the coat 3 snug fitting ogive-shaped part of the hard core 5 ' also the gas-tight air space 6 in the top of the floor 4th
  • the rear region 5b of the hard core 5 has an axis-like Turning on, which is only a slight - not visible - taper and on which the soft core 8 is centered is.
  • a sealing washer 14 is located in the floor 100 ' Brass used, which by the crimp 13 den Closes steel jacket 3 gastight, i.e. prevents that release heavy metals and / or vapors when fired. -
  • the soft core is around the thickness with the same floor length the sealing washer 14 is shortened.
  • the hard core consists of cobalt-alloyed tungsten carbide WC / Co 88/12 with a mass of 5.6 g and a Vickers HV hardness of 1300 kp / mm 2 and a bending resistance of 3000 N / mm 2 .
  • the soft core consists of an alloy of Pb / Sn 60/40 with a mass of 3.9 g.
  • the steel jacket 3 weighs 3.11 g.
  • the total floor mass in the first version is i.e. without sealing washer 14, corresponding to 12.61 g.
  • the subject of the invention was found in numerous shooting attempts examined, recorded over a distance of 800 m and compared with the prior art.
  • 3a to 3c show characteristic hit images a shooting distance of 200m, each in a series 20 shots at a target, with an inner circle of 5 cm and an outer circle of 10 cm in diameter were.
  • the hit rate in the innermost area of the Slice was 95%.
  • the one used Ammunition corresponds to the Swiss Ordonnance caliber (7.5 x 55).
  • the speed of the projectile 100 decreases from an initial (initial speed v 0 ) 850 m / s almost linearly to only 580 m / s at a distance of 800 m.
  • the projectile 100 according to the invention faces the State of the art .308 significantly better values; comparatively became an older Swiss ordnance ammunition GP 11 also examined and their relatively good Values also shown in Fig. 6.
  • the floor 100 shows opposite the floor .308 significantly better values.
  • FIGS Impulse of the hard core in the 100 floor and the energy of the Bullet 100 measured in relation to the prior art and recorded.
  • the surprisingly good shooting results of the subject of the invention are not least due to the favorable weight distribution attributed within the floor.
  • FIGS. 11 and 12 show the one that is safely shot through Distance to target, i.e. Tempered glass, hatched and labeled "1" while the one above it Area is considered not to be shot through and is therefore marked with 0 is.
  • the standardized test requirement for so-called insulating glasses of class C4 is plotted as the reference R in the lowest column labeled R C4 .
  • R C4 the reference R in the lowest column labeled R C4 .
  • DIN 52290/2 full shell ammunition with lead core 7.62 x 51 mm type FMJ, under test conditions with three hits, no bullet shooting up to a distance of 10 m.
  • the non-hatched area 0 means: Do not shoot through with certainty.
  • a caliber ammunition designed according to the invention 7.62 x 51 mm (type AP) already shoots through the same glass with a single shot up to a distance of 60 m.
  • the 7.5 x 55 caliber (type AP) strikes at a distance of 110 m and that of .300 WinMag (type AP) even to a distance of 150 m through this class of glass.
  • the non-hatched area means 0: With a certain spread possibly in the border area also shot through what in all cases detectable, still present after penetration of the glass considerable residual kinetic energy is proven.
  • Class C5 glass was shot at here.
  • R C5 the standardized test arrangement for glass of class is designated C5; again for ammunition 7.62 x 51 mm FMJ / AP, ie here full casing with steel core.
  • the ammunition according to the invention is in turn a multiple, in the bullet, more efficient.
  • the corresponding Ammunition 7.62 x 51 AP leads to one in this glass class Target distance of 60 m also to the bullet; 7.5 x 55 AP at 110 m and 7.62 x 51 AP at 150 m. - In all three However, there is only a small amount of residual energy left after Bullet through the glass is noticeable.
  • the storey construction according to the invention is a matter of course not for use with the aforementioned calibers limited; the projectiles can be used with appropriate larger, also known propellant charges also on other small-caliber ammunition, especially .300 Winchester Magnum can be adjusted.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Aiming, Guidance, Guns With A Light Source, Armor, Camouflage, And Targets (AREA)
  • Inks, Pencil-Leads, Or Crayons (AREA)
  • Developing Agents For Electrophotography (AREA)
  • Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
  • Details Of Garments (AREA)
  • Acyclic And Carbocyclic Compounds In Medicinal Compositions (AREA)
  • Molds, Cores, And Manufacturing Methods Thereof (AREA)
  • Compounds Of Alkaline-Earth Elements, Aluminum Or Rare-Earth Metals (AREA)
  • Powder Metallurgy (AREA)

Claims (10)

  1. Projectile de petit calibre (100) avec une chemise (3) en acier, en acier plaqué ou en laiton, avec au moins un noyau dur (5) respectivement disposé côté frontal, d'une masse volumique de plus de 10 g/cm3, et avec un noyau tendre (8) tronconique disposé côté culot, d'une masse volumique de moins de 10 g/cm3, la forme extérieure de la chemise (3), considérée de l'ogive (4) du projectile, étant réalisée en forme d'ogive (7a) et se prolongeant par une partie centrale cylindrique et s'achevant par une zone de culot conique, la partie également en ogive du noyau dur (5) s'appliquant par sa surface sur une large zone par coopération de forme sur la forme intérieure de la chemise (3), et formant un espace creux entre la chemise (3) et la zone frontale du noyau dur (5), caractérisé en ce que le noyau dur (5) se prolonge dans sa zone frontale (5a) par une forme en tronc de cône ou en calotte et présente une surface lissée, en ce qu'un espace d'air (6) fermé existe entre la surface interne de la chemise et la zone frontale du noyau dur (5), en ce que la zone arrière (5b) du noyau dur est réalisée en tronc de cône, et en ce que le noyau tendre (8) s'applique de façon centrée par coopération de forme sur le tronc de cône du noyau dur (5), le noyau tendre remplissant toute la zone cylindrique (7b) et la zone de culot (9) réalisée en tronc de cône de la chemise.
  2. Projectile chemisé (100) suivant la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que la chemise (3) est plaquée côté externe par un alliage cuivre/zinc.
  3. Projectile chemisé (100) suivant la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que le noyau dur (5) est en carbure de tungstène allié au cobalt et présente une masse volumique de plus de 14.0 g/cm3.
  4. Projectile chemisé (100) suivant la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que le noyau tendre (8) se compose de plomb et/ou d'étain et présente une masse volumique de moins de 7.3 g/cm3.
  5. Projectile chemisé (100) suivant les revendications 3 et 4, caractérisé en ce que le noyau dur (5) représente entre 42% et 50%, et le noyau tendre (8) entre 28% et 34%, de la masse totale du projectile.
  6. Projectile chemisé (100) suivant la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que le noyau tendre (8) est fermé côté culot, de façon étanche aux gaz, par une rondelle de laiton (14) assurant l'étanchéité par force d'adhérence sur la chemise (3).
  7. Projectile chemisé (100) suivant les revendications 3 et 4, caractérisé en ce que le noyau dur (5) présente côté arrière un tronc de cône d'un angle de cône (α) compris entre 14° et 18°, et en ce que le noyau tendre (8) est appliqué par coopération de forme sur le tronc de cône par son cône intérieur, de même angle de cône (α).
  8. Projectile chemisé (100) suivant les revendications 3 et 4, caractérisé en ce que le noyau dur (5) présente côté arrière un tronc de cône d'un angle de cône (α) compris entre 0.5°et 14°, et en ce que le noyau tendre (8) est appliqué par coopération de forme sur le tronc de cône par son cône intérieur, de même angle de cône (α).
  9. Procédé de fabrication d'un projectile chemisé (100) suivant la revendication 3, caractérisé en ce que le noyau dur (5) est trovalisé dans de l'eau après son formage et son frittage, jusqu'à ce qu'il soit brillant.
  10. Procédé de fabrication d'un projectile chemisé (100) suivant la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que les tolérances des différents composants sont choisies de sorte que le noyau dur (5) peut être inséré manuellement dans l'espace intérieur de la chemise (3) et que le noyau tendre (8) peut être également poussé manuellement sur la partie arrière du noyau dur (5), avant que le rabattement des bords du culot du projectile soit assuré.
EP98937723A 1997-08-26 1998-08-24 Projectile chemise a noyau dur Expired - Lifetime EP1007898B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US5756697P 1997-08-26 1997-08-26
US57566P 1997-08-26
PCT/IB1998/001314 WO1999010703A1 (fr) 1997-08-26 1998-08-24 Projectile chemise a noyau dur

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1007898A1 EP1007898A1 (fr) 2000-06-14
EP1007898B1 true EP1007898B1 (fr) 2001-07-25

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Family Applications (1)

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EP98937723A Expired - Lifetime EP1007898B1 (fr) 1997-08-26 1998-08-24 Projectile chemise a noyau dur

Country Status (21)

Country Link
US (1) US6374743B1 (fr)
EP (1) EP1007898B1 (fr)
JP (1) JP2001514372A (fr)
KR (1) KR20010023322A (fr)
AT (1) ATE203597T1 (fr)
AU (1) AU748631B2 (fr)
BR (1) BR9811350A (fr)
CA (1) CA2301805C (fr)
CZ (1) CZ290054B6 (fr)
DE (1) DE59801093D1 (fr)
DK (1) DK1007898T3 (fr)
ES (1) ES2161061T3 (fr)
GR (1) GR3036529T3 (fr)
HU (1) HU223802B1 (fr)
IL (1) IL134697A (fr)
NO (1) NO318069B1 (fr)
NZ (1) NZ502827A (fr)
PT (1) PT1007898E (fr)
SK (1) SK284793B6 (fr)
TR (1) TR200000524T2 (fr)
WO (1) WO1999010703A1 (fr)

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RU202778U1 (ru) * 2020-02-13 2021-03-05 Общество с ограниченной ответственностью "Информационные технологии" (ООО "ИнфоТех") Твердосплавной сердечник

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CZ290054B6 (cs) 2002-05-15
SK284793B6 (sk) 2005-11-03
EP1007898A1 (fr) 2000-06-14
CA2301805C (fr) 2007-04-24
NO20000960L (no) 2000-02-25
US6374743B1 (en) 2002-04-23
BR9811350A (pt) 2000-09-12
WO1999010703A1 (fr) 1999-03-04
IL134697A0 (en) 2001-04-30
NZ502827A (en) 2002-03-01
NO318069B1 (no) 2005-01-31
CZ2000678A3 (cs) 2001-12-12
NO20000960D0 (no) 2000-02-25
KR20010023322A (ko) 2001-03-26
GR3036529T3 (en) 2001-12-31
AU748631B2 (en) 2002-06-06
JP2001514372A (ja) 2001-09-11
ATE203597T1 (de) 2001-08-15
AU8642298A (en) 1999-03-16
ES2161061T3 (es) 2001-11-16
HUP0002696A2 (hu) 2000-12-28
CA2301805A1 (fr) 1999-03-04
IL134697A (en) 2004-01-04
PT1007898E (pt) 2001-12-28
SK2402000A3 (en) 2000-07-11
TR200000524T2 (tr) 2000-07-21
DE59801093D1 (de) 2001-08-30
DK1007898T3 (da) 2001-10-01
HU223802B1 (hu) 2005-01-28
HUP0002696A3 (en) 2001-01-29

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