EP1546427B1 - Ferritische stahllegierung - Google Patents
Ferritische stahllegierung Download PDFInfo
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- EP1546427B1 EP1546427B1 EP03798852A EP03798852A EP1546427B1 EP 1546427 B1 EP1546427 B1 EP 1546427B1 EP 03798852 A EP03798852 A EP 03798852A EP 03798852 A EP03798852 A EP 03798852A EP 1546427 B1 EP1546427 B1 EP 1546427B1
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- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- percent
- weight
- steel
- alloy
- steel alloy
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- 229910000851 Alloy steel Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 41
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 46
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 46
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 46
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 239000010955 niobium Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Molybdenum Chemical compound [Mo] ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 239000011733 molybdenum Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 229910052758 niobium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- GUCVJGMIXFAOAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N niobium atom Chemical compound [Nb] GUCVJGMIXFAOAE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 19
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrogen group Chemical group [N] QJGQUHMNIGDVPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000005864 Sulphur Substances 0.000 claims 2
- 239000004411 aluminium Substances 0.000 claims 2
- WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(2+);methyl n-[[2-(methoxycarbonylcarbamothioylamino)phenyl]carbamothioyl]carbamate;n-[2-(sulfidocarbothioylamino)ethyl]carbamodithioate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[S-]C(=S)NCCNC([S-])=S.COC(=O)NC(=S)NC1=CC=CC=C1NC(=S)NC(=O)OC WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims 1
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 65
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 65
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 17
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 17
- 238000005275 alloying Methods 0.000 description 12
- -1 niobium carbides Chemical class 0.000 description 9
- 229910001220 stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 9
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 8
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000005498 polishing Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000000137 annealing Methods 0.000 description 6
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 description 6
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 229910001566 austenite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910000805 Pig iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 238000003723 Smelting Methods 0.000 description 4
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 4
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 4
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- CXOWYMLTGOFURZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N azanylidynechromium Chemical compound [Cr]#N CXOWYMLTGOFURZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000011572 manganese Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000012299 nitrogen atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000010452 phosphate Substances 0.000 description 3
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K phosphate Chemical compound [O-]P([O-])([O-])=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 3
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000002893 slag Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 3
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 206010020751 Hypersensitivity Diseases 0.000 description 2
- PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Manganese Chemical compound [Mn] PWHULOQIROXLJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910004298 SiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007664 blowing Methods 0.000 description 2
- VNNRSPGTAMTISX-UHFFFAOYSA-N chromium nickel Chemical compound [Cr].[Ni] VNNRSPGTAMTISX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005261 decarburization Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005098 hot rolling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007943 implant Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910000734 martensite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000010309 melting process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000001247 metal acetylides Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000005272 metallurgy Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000010755 mineral Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010791 quenching Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000171 quenching effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000006641 stabilisation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000011105 stabilization Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910000859 α-Fe Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910014458 Ca-Si Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 206010011416 Croup infectious Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 229910001341 Crude steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- MBMLMWLHJBBADN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ferrous sulfide Chemical class [Fe]=S MBMLMWLHJBBADN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicon Chemical compound [Si] XUIMIQQOPSSXEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VVTSZOCINPYFDP-UHFFFAOYSA-N [O].[Ar] Chemical compound [O].[Ar] VVTSZOCINPYFDP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 1
- 208000026935 allergic disease Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 230000007815 allergy Effects 0.000 description 1
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052586 apatite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000963 austenitic stainless steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000008280 blood Substances 0.000 description 1
- 210000004369 blood Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 229910002091 carbon monoxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005097 cold rolling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005056 compaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000356 contaminant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007872 degassing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003009 desulfurizing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- ZOMNIUBKTOKEHS-UHFFFAOYSA-L dimercury dichloride Chemical class Cl[Hg][Hg]Cl ZOMNIUBKTOKEHS-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000029142 excretion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold Chemical compound [Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010931 gold Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006698 induction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001746 injection moulding Methods 0.000 description 1
- UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron oxide Inorganic materials [Fe]=O UQSXHKLRYXJYBZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000013980 iron oxide Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- VAKIVKMUBMZANL-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron phosphide Chemical compound P.[Fe].[Fe].[Fe] VAKIVKMUBMZANL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VBMVTYDPPZVILR-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron(2+);oxygen(2-) Chemical class [O-2].[Fe+2] VBMVTYDPPZVILR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000696 magnetic material Substances 0.000 description 1
- VCTOKJRTAUILIH-UHFFFAOYSA-N manganese(2+);sulfide Chemical class [S-2].[Mn+2] VCTOKJRTAUILIH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910021645 metal ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005088 metallography Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001000 micrograph Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003801 milling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006396 nitration reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- VSIIXMUUUJUKCM-UHFFFAOYSA-D pentacalcium;fluoride;triphosphate Chemical compound [F-].[Ca+2].[Ca+2].[Ca+2].[Ca+2].[Ca+2].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O.[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O.[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O VSIIXMUUUJUKCM-UHFFFAOYSA-D 0.000 description 1
- 238000007517 polishing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004080 punching Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007670 refining Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003923 scrap metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007790 scraping Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000028327 secretion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011265 semifinished product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011863 silicon-based powder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002791 soaking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007711 solidification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008023 solidification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007858 starting material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005482 strain hardening Methods 0.000 description 1
- CADICXFYUNYKGD-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfanylidenemanganese Chemical compound [Mn]=S CADICXFYUNYKGD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 210000004243 sweat Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 238000010998 test method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003856 thermoforming Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011573 trace mineral Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000013619 trace mineral Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000012795 verification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/02—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing silicon
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C33/00—Making ferrous alloys
- C22C33/02—Making ferrous alloys by powder metallurgy
- C22C33/0257—Making ferrous alloys by powder metallurgy characterised by the range of the alloying elements
- C22C33/0278—Making ferrous alloys by powder metallurgy characterised by the range of the alloying elements with at least one alloying element having a minimum content above 5%
- C22C33/0285—Making ferrous alloys by powder metallurgy characterised by the range of the alloying elements with at least one alloying element having a minimum content above 5% with Cr, Co, or Ni having a minimum content higher than 5%
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/001—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing N
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/04—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing manganese
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/22—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with molybdenum or tungsten
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G04—HOROLOGY
- G04B—MECHANICALLY-DRIVEN CLOCKS OR WATCHES; MECHANICAL PARTS OF CLOCKS OR WATCHES IN GENERAL; TIME PIECES USING THE POSITION OF THE SUN, MOON OR STARS
- G04B37/00—Cases
- G04B37/22—Materials or processes of manufacturing pocket watch or wrist watch cases
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F2998/00—Supplementary information concerning processes or compositions relating to powder metallurgy
- B22F2998/10—Processes characterised by the sequence of their steps
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F2999/00—Aspects linked to processes or compositions used in powder metallurgy
Definitions
- the precipitated carbide particles in the order of 5-10 microns are not removed during mechanical polishing and protrude as so-called craters from the surrounding, better polished surface. There are so-called polishing tails, ie deposits of polishing paste in the polishing shadow of the carbide, with the naked eye are perceived as extremely disturbing.
- the stabilization of the steel structure by addition of Ti or Nb is therefore not applicable because of the negative impact on the polishability in a polishable ferritic chromium steel.
- the precipitation of chromium carbides at the grain boundaries by the diffusion rate higher by 2 powers of 2 for ferritic steels is so fast that it can not be prevented even by rapid quenching from the solution annealing temperature.
- the chromium carbides form hard inclusions, which in turn nullify the polishability of a steel.
- the polishability of a steel is also decisively influenced by the grain size. Coarse-grained steels cause a so-called "orange peel" during polishing, which is unacceptable for polished surfaces. This is due to the different properties of the randomly arranged grains (crystals) in the different directions. If the grain size measured according to ASTM E 112 is less than 4 ( ⁇ 80 ⁇ m), the human eye can recognize the differently removed crystal surfaces during the polishing process as punctiform particles and the result is the image of an "orange peel".
- steel alloys can be controlled by alloying of metallic and non-metallic elements in their chemical and mechanical properties.
- N-additives are said to significantly retard the onset of M 23 C 6 excretion in austenitic steels (Levey PR, van Bennekom, A., Corrosion 51, 911-921 (1995)).
- the presence of nitrogen is troublesome when an alloy with soft magnetic properties is desired (see, for example, "Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry” Fifth Edition, Volume A16, page 26, left column, 2nd section).
- a rudimentary estimation of the resistance of a Cr / Mo steel to pitting corrosion can also be obtained from a two-dimensional plot (Gräfen, H., Chem. Ing. Techn. 54, pp. 108-119 (1982)).
- the dependence of the current potential-potential curves on the limit of the beginning of the pitting corrosion (Y-axis) against the Cr-content (X-axis) is plotted.
- the content of molybdenum is thereby taken into account in the form of chromium equivalents (ibid., And Lorenz, K., Medawar, G., Thyssen Research 1, pp. 97-108 (1969)).
- An approximately linear correlation between the limit potential and the Cr (Mo) content is observed.
- the diagram does not take into account any other alloying elements, and it does not allow conclusions as to whether it is a ferritic alloy or its workability, polishability and magnetic properties.
- Table 1 gives an overview of eight previously known concrete steels (indicated by their material numbers) and their contents of important alloying elements in weight percentages. The steel specified there No. 1.4521 is to the knowledge of the Applicant no watch steel. Table 1 1.4521 DIN 10088 1.4523 steel-iron-L.
- the steel alloys according to the invention are soft-magnetic CrMoN steel alloys.
- high-alloy in the context of the present application has the usual meaning in the art, i. It refers to a steel in which the alloying elements occur in total of 5 weight percent or more.
- ferritic in the context of the present application has the meaning that at least 98 percent by volume, preferably at least 99.5 percent by volume and particularly preferably 100 percent by volume of the iron present in the alloys according to the invention are present as ferrite, the determination being made by metallography.
- soft magnetic is used in the context of the present application for inventive steel alloys, which cause at least as strong magnetic shielding as soft iron.
- the metallic alloying elements chromium and molybdenum can be added to the alloys according to the invention by alloying suitable amounts of the pure elements to a pig iron or to a crude steel by customary methods.
- chromium is present in 18.0 to 22.0 percent by weight, preferably in 19.5 to 20.5 percent by weight and particularly preferably in about 20 percent by weight, based on the finished alloy.
- molybdenum is present in about 1.80 to about 2.50 percent by weight, preferably in about 1.90 to 2.10 percent by weight and more preferably in about 2 percent by weight, based on the finished alloy, available.
- Silicon may be present as SiO 2 (for example from the above deoxidation) in the alloy. Its content can be reduced by mechanically moving or shaking the molten steel under inert gas. As a result, the SiO 2 coagulates and increases due to the lower density of the slag surface.
- the content of silicon is according to the invention at most about 1 weight percent, preferably about 0.7 to 0.9 weight percent, and more preferably about 0.8 weight percent, based on the alloy.
- Carbon is noticeable from the smelting process as admixture in the pig iron itself (4 to 4.5%) and can then, as usual in the art, by adding oxygen or suitable amounts of iron oxides to molten steel (conversion of carbon to carbon monoxide) virtually arbitrary be reduced. According to the invention, it is preferably present in at most 0.025 percent by weight, particularly preferably in the highest 0.01 percent by weight, based on the alloy.
- Sulfur comes from the smelting process (content of iron ore to iron sulphides) and is mainly in pig iron present as manganese sulfide.
- the alloys according to the invention it is preferably present in amounts of at most about 0.03 percent by weight, more preferably in at most 0.002 percent by weight. Achieving so low levels of sulfur can be achieved by desulfurizing the melt with, for example, mixtures of CaO and metallic magnesium.
- the sulfur content at the upper limit of 0.03 weight percent, preferably about 0.015 to 0.03 weight percent, based on the alloy are (so-called IMA grades), what can be done for a regulated addition of sulfur.
- a melt metallurgy with the addition of Ca-Si powder can be used, which converts the hard alumina inclusions into relatively soft mixed oxides of the type CaSiAl and forms finely divided manganese sulfides through which the chip is broken during machining and thus the service life of the tools is extended.
- a controlled sulfur addition only slightly reduces the corrosion resistance of these embodiments of the steel alloy according to the invention.
- manganese is preferably not more than about 1.00 weight percent, more preferably at most about 0.40 weight percent, based on the finished alloy.
- Phosphorus is originally derived from apatite or other phosphate-containing minerals found in iron ore. During smelting, phosphate can be reduced to iron phosphide (mainly Fe 2 P) and as such occur in pig iron or later steel.
- the inventively preferred low content of phosphorus of at most 0.04 percent by weight and preferably at most 0.02 percent by weight can be reduced in the production of the novel alloys as customary in the art, for example, by adding in the smelting of the ore CaO, whereby the phosphate-containing minerals be separated in the slag.
- inventive aluminum content of at most about 0.01 percent by weight, preferably at most about 0.005 percent by weight can be achieved if the deoxidation required in the melting process is not carried out with aluminum but with silicon or in the AOD or VOD process (see below).
- Nickel is preferably present in at most 0.10 weight percent, more preferably at most 0.05 weight percent, based on the finished alloy.
- the term "remainder essentially iron” in the context of the present application is intended to mean that the remaining weight percentages of the alloy according to one of claims 1 to 7, i. the percentages by weight which are not contributed by elements named by name in the corresponding claim originate almost exclusively from iron (typically at least 90 percent by weight, preferably at least 95 percent by weight and more preferably at least 99 percent or more).
- the elements of the radical other than iron should be chosen in such an amount that the finished steel alloy according to the invention is ferritic.
- the Schaeffler diagram mentioned above with the aid of the nickel and chromium equivalents of further elements set up by Briggs and Parker, can provide first clues.
- the obtained alloy is actually ferritic according to the invention or not.
- novel alloys can be prepared by conventional methods.
- the alloys according to the invention are preferably subjected to annealing at temperatures of 750 to 850 ° C., preferably about 800 ° C. for about 0.5 to 2 hours, and subsequent water cooling. This takes place due to diffusion processes a concentration compensation of the chromium in the matrix in the region of the finely precipitated chromium nitride particles instead. By optimizing the nitrogen content, however, the chromium nitride precipitation can be largely suppressed.
- the steel alloys according to the invention can be polished in a reproducible manner by the methods customary in the watch industry and would therefore be accepted as starting material in the watch industry.
- the alloyed in the order of up to 0.1% nitrogen is at the annealing temperatures, which are preferably used in the inventive steel alloys, either dissolved or in the form of finely precipitated chromium, typically in the order of about 1 micron, and leads therefore no negative influence on the polishability.
- the steel alloys according to the invention typically have the following mechanical properties (6 mm thick sheet, hot rolled, annealed at 800 ° C. for 30 minutes, quenched in water): Yield strength R p0.2 420 MPa Tensile strength R m 603 MPa Elongation at break A 0 28% Hardness HB 30 188
- novel alloys are thus comparable to the standard steel grade No. 1.4521.
- the alloying according to the invention of nitrogen instead of niobium or titanium makes the precipitation relatively large niobium or titanium carbides, which destroy the polishability excluded. Furthermore, the precipitation of chromium carbides at the grain boundaries is suppressed. This is done by changing the precipitation kinetics, which causes an energetically preferred precipitation of the chromium nitrides instead of chromium carbides. If the solubility limit for nitrogen in the steel alloy is exceeded, very finely dispersed chromium nitride particles with diameters of less than 1 ⁇ m and smaller precipitate, but because of their fineness they do not adversely affect the polishing behavior.
- novel steel alloys are soft magnetic in the sense of the definition mentioned above.
- inventively preferred steel alloys of claims 3 to 7 exceed with their effective sum, as defined above, the minimum value for implant steels of 26 required by the medical field.
- the alloys according to the invention Due to the good polishability and soft magnetic properties of the alloys according to the invention, these can be used in the watch industry for the production of magnetically shielding housing parts, for example for watches or for other watches in which magnetic shielding of the movement is important.
- the steel alloys according to the invention, in particular those of claim 7, are also suitable for the production of components for limb bracelets.
- housing part in the context of the present application comprises the components usually used for the manufacture of a watch case, in particular a watch case, e.g. the housing bottom and the housing shell.
- housing part includes in the context of the present application but also the dial.
- housing part includes both the component, as occurs in the finished watch, as well as any blank or semi-finished thereof, which further processed by further use of other materials or semi-finished products from the inventive alloy or other materials to the finished component become.
- Magnetically shielding watch cases according to the invention may consist of a housing bottom, a housing shell and a dial, all of which are in accordance with the invention Steel alloy are made.
- the inventive steel alloys can thus be used simultaneously as a material for the components as well as a shielding cage against magnetic fields.
- the elaborate to be manufactured additional soft iron cage, which would have to be provided within the usual housing of non-magnetic stainless steel and which would lead to a higher overall height of the clock, can be omitted.
- the binder is preferably evaporated by applying a vacuum and the powder residue remaining in the mold is sintered.
- a nitrogen atmosphere of appropriate pressure is applied so that the alloy still receives nitrogen during sintering.
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Soft Magnetic Materials (AREA)
- Superconductors And Manufacturing Methods Therefor (AREA)
- Shielding Devices Or Components To Electric Or Magnetic Fields (AREA)
- Powder Metallurgy (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
CH16592002 | 2002-10-04 | ||
CH165902 | 2002-10-04 | ||
PCT/CH2003/000651 WO2004031430A1 (de) | 2002-10-04 | 2003-09-30 | Ferritische stahllegierung |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP1546427A1 EP1546427A1 (de) | 2005-06-29 |
EP1546427B1 true EP1546427B1 (de) | 2007-04-18 |
Family
ID=32046629
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP03798852A Expired - Lifetime EP1546427B1 (de) | 2002-10-04 | 2003-09-30 | Ferritische stahllegierung |
Country Status (8)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US20060130938A1 (zh) |
EP (1) | EP1546427B1 (zh) |
JP (1) | JP2006501368A (zh) |
CN (1) | CN1325687C (zh) |
AT (1) | ATE360103T1 (zh) |
AU (1) | AU2003264228A1 (zh) |
DE (1) | DE50307092D1 (zh) |
WO (1) | WO2004031430A1 (zh) |
Families Citing this family (10)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP2007248397A (ja) * | 2006-03-17 | 2007-09-27 | Seiko Epson Corp | 装飾品および時計 |
JP5212602B2 (ja) * | 2007-09-14 | 2013-06-19 | セイコーエプソン株式会社 | 機器およびハウジング材の製造方法 |
EP2813906A1 (fr) * | 2013-06-12 | 2014-12-17 | Nivarox-FAR S.A. | Pièce pour mouvement d'horlogerie |
US10063074B2 (en) | 2016-04-01 | 2018-08-28 | Hewlett-Packard Development Company, L.P. | Electronic wearable device electrode pad with collection well |
JP7413685B2 (ja) | 2019-09-05 | 2024-01-16 | セイコーエプソン株式会社 | 金属材料、時計用部品および時計 |
JP7404721B2 (ja) | 2019-09-05 | 2023-12-26 | セイコーエプソン株式会社 | 金属材料、時計用部品および時計 |
JP7272233B2 (ja) | 2019-10-30 | 2023-05-12 | セイコーエプソン株式会社 | 時計用部品および時計 |
JP7294074B2 (ja) | 2019-11-11 | 2023-06-20 | セイコーエプソン株式会社 | オーステナイト化フェライト系ステンレス鋼、時計用部品、および、時計 |
JP2021096076A (ja) * | 2019-12-13 | 2021-06-24 | セイコーエプソン株式会社 | 時計用外装部品、時計、および、時計用外装部品の製造方法 |
JP2021096079A (ja) | 2019-12-13 | 2021-06-24 | セイコーエプソン株式会社 | ハウジングおよび機器 |
Family Cites Families (13)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2848323A (en) * | 1955-02-28 | 1958-08-19 | Birmingham Small Arms Co Ltd | Ferritic steel for high temperature use |
GB1359629A (en) * | 1971-10-26 | 1974-07-10 | Deutsche Edelstahlwerke Gmbh | Corrosion-resistant ferritic chrome steel |
US3953201A (en) * | 1974-03-07 | 1976-04-27 | Allegheny Ludlum Industries, Inc. | Ferritic stainless steel |
US4340424A (en) * | 1974-04-23 | 1982-07-20 | Daido Tokushuko Kabushiki Kaisha | Ferritic stainless steel having excellent machinability and local corrosion resistance |
JPS5188413A (en) * | 1975-02-01 | 1976-08-03 | Kotaishokuseifueraitosutenresuko | |
EP0379061B1 (fr) * | 1989-01-18 | 1992-12-23 | Eta SA Fabriques d'Ebauches | Pièce extérieure d'habillement pour montre et procédé pour la fabrication d'une telle pièce |
FR2705596B1 (fr) * | 1993-05-24 | 1995-07-13 | Impac Technologies | Procédé de moulage par injection de barbotines et dispositif pour sa mise en Óoeuvre. |
KR0169172B1 (ko) * | 1994-02-15 | 1999-01-15 | 아키모토 유우미 | 철-크롬계 합금 |
JPH07244172A (ja) * | 1994-03-03 | 1995-09-19 | Seiko Instr Inc | 時計部品の製造方法 |
JP3205162B2 (ja) * | 1994-03-10 | 2001-09-04 | 新日本製鐵株式会社 | 切削性と耐食性に優れたフェライト系ステンレス鋼 |
JP3589036B2 (ja) * | 1997-08-05 | 2004-11-17 | Jfeスチール株式会社 | 深絞り性と耐リジング性に優れたフェライト系ステンレス鋼板およびその製造方法 |
JPH11323502A (ja) * | 1998-05-12 | 1999-11-26 | Sumitomo Metal Ind Ltd | 加工性と靭性に優れたフェライト系ステンレス鋼およびその鋳片 |
EP0964071A1 (fr) * | 1998-06-12 | 1999-12-15 | Asulab S.A. | Acier inoxydable ferritique et pièce extérieure d'habillement pour montre réalisée en un tel acier |
-
2003
- 2003-03-30 US US10/529,325 patent/US20060130938A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2003-09-30 DE DE50307092T patent/DE50307092D1/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2003-09-30 CN CNB038236788A patent/CN1325687C/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2003-09-30 EP EP03798852A patent/EP1546427B1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2003-09-30 AT AT03798852T patent/ATE360103T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2003-09-30 WO PCT/CH2003/000651 patent/WO2004031430A1/de active IP Right Grant
- 2003-09-30 AU AU2003264228A patent/AU2003264228A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2003-09-30 JP JP2004540449A patent/JP2006501368A/ja not_active Abandoned
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
DE50307092D1 (de) | 2007-05-31 |
EP1546427A1 (de) | 2005-06-29 |
US20060130938A1 (en) | 2006-06-22 |
ATE360103T1 (de) | 2007-05-15 |
WO2004031430A1 (de) | 2004-04-15 |
AU2003264228A1 (en) | 2004-04-23 |
JP2006501368A (ja) | 2006-01-12 |
CN1325687C (zh) | 2007-07-11 |
CN1688734A (zh) | 2005-10-26 |
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