EP1018377A2 - Procédé et dispositif pour le décalaminage d'une surface d'une barre coulée provenant d'une installation de coulée continue, ladite surface présentant des marques d'oscillations - Google Patents
Procédé et dispositif pour le décalaminage d'une surface d'une barre coulée provenant d'une installation de coulée continue, ladite surface présentant des marques d'oscillations Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP1018377A2 EP1018377A2 EP99124715A EP99124715A EP1018377A2 EP 1018377 A2 EP1018377 A2 EP 1018377A2 EP 99124715 A EP99124715 A EP 99124715A EP 99124715 A EP99124715 A EP 99124715A EP 1018377 A2 EP1018377 A2 EP 1018377A2
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- cast strand
- deflection
- strand
- descaling
- cast
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 31
- 230000010355 oscillation Effects 0.000 title claims description 19
- 238000009749 continuous casting Methods 0.000 title claims description 12
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 title 1
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 239000008233 hard water Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 claims description 27
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 26
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 abstract description 7
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011109 contamination Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007688 edging Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003993 interaction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000314 lubricant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002441 reversible effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008961 swelling Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21B—ROLLING OF METAL
- B21B45/00—Devices for surface or other treatment of work, specially combined with or arranged in, or specially adapted for use in connection with, metal-rolling mills
- B21B45/04—Devices for surface or other treatment of work, specially combined with or arranged in, or specially adapted for use in connection with, metal-rolling mills for de-scaling, e.g. by brushing
- B21B45/08—Devices for surface or other treatment of work, specially combined with or arranged in, or specially adapted for use in connection with, metal-rolling mills for de-scaling, e.g. by brushing hydraulically
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21B—ROLLING OF METAL
- B21B1/00—Metal-rolling methods or mills for making semi-finished products of solid or profiled cross-section; Sequence of operations in milling trains; Layout of rolling-mill plant, e.g. grouping of stands; Succession of passes or of sectional pass alternations
- B21B1/46—Metal-rolling methods or mills for making semi-finished products of solid or profiled cross-section; Sequence of operations in milling trains; Layout of rolling-mill plant, e.g. grouping of stands; Succession of passes or of sectional pass alternations for rolling metal immediately subsequent to continuous casting
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21B—ROLLING OF METAL
- B21B45/00—Devices for surface or other treatment of work, specially combined with or arranged in, or specially adapted for use in connection with, metal-rolling mills
- B21B45/004—Heating the product
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21B—ROLLING OF METAL
- B21B45/00—Devices for surface or other treatment of work, specially combined with or arranged in, or specially adapted for use in connection with, metal-rolling mills
- B21B45/04—Devices for surface or other treatment of work, specially combined with or arranged in, or specially adapted for use in connection with, metal-rolling mills for de-scaling, e.g. by brushing
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T29/00—Metal working
- Y10T29/45—Scale remover or preventor
- Y10T29/4517—Rolling deformation or deflection
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T29/00—Metal working
- Y10T29/45—Scale remover or preventor
- Y10T29/4533—Fluid impingement
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T29/00—Metal working
- Y10T29/45—Scale remover or preventor
- Y10T29/4533—Fluid impingement
- Y10T29/4544—Liquid jet
Definitions
- the invention relates to a method for descaling, in particular oscillation marks having surfaces of a producible in the continuous casting process Cast strand, especially of thin slabs, in a subsequent Hot strip mill with leveling furnace and preferably with several rolling stands be reduced in thickness. Furthermore, the invention relates to a device for Implementation of the method according to the invention.
- the invention is based on the object of specifying a method and a device, through which the difficulty in cleaning the surfaces of Continuous casting products, especially for thin slabs, and there particularly and be overcome in the oscillation marks.
- One is also said to be undesirable strong cooling effect in the cast product using the smallest possible quantities can be prevented by pressurized water.
- One embodiment of the invention provides that the cast strand is sinusoidal for this purpose or is deflected approximately sinusoidally.
- Such a sinusoidal or approximately sinusoidal deflection is guaranteed an almost uniform swelling and decay of the surface tension, thereby avoiding damage to the cast structure.
- a further embodiment of the method provides that the extent of each distraction of the cast strand in accordance with the maximum permissible reversible Deformation of the cast strand is made.
- Another embodiment of the method according to the invention provides that Extent of each deflection of the cast strand in accordance with the maximum permissible Surface tension of the strand is made.
- a further embodiment of the process provides that the Extent of each deflection of the cast strand in accordance with the material temperature of the cast strand is carried out under constant temperature control.
- the method according to the invention further provides that the distance between the spray nozzles and the water-irradiated surface of the cast strand is continuously measured and kept constant. So that the working parameters largely constant when using the hard cleaning jets of water held.
- An advantageous embodiment of the method further provides that the cast strand with a number each running in parallel planes and in series arranged water jets is applied, the planes at an angle one of the planes perpendicular to the direction of transport of the cast strand lie and the water jets can be aligned obliquely to the surface of the cast strand are.
- a further improvement in the cleaning effect can also be achieved in this way be that the water jets with the spray nozzles they generate the spray bars can be moved back and forth in the spray plane.
- the Measure be made use of that according to the structural condition of the cast strand in accordance with the cooling that takes place with descaling changing deflection force measured continuously and then the amount of water to be added while maintaining the product of the amount of water and water pressure is set constantly.
- This also compensates for parameter changes that are occasionally made by the Casting machine can run out, for example, due to a change in the casting speed or the casting temperature.
- the cast strand in a subsequent hot strip mill with a compensating furnace and is reduced in thickness with several roll stands is in the end Strand support and before entering the equalization furnace or before entering the rolling stands between a pair of directional driver rollers on the inlet side and one Pair of exit-side bending driver rollers present a descaling station that at least two spaced apart in the transport direction of the cast strand has opposite deflection bending rollers, which on each opposite side of the Cast strand spray bar with spray nozzles arranged in an inclined plane assigned.
- the area of a continuous caster shown in FIG. 1 shows the continuous caster 28 with downstream strand support 10 for guiding and supporting the Cast strand 1 in particular a thin slab.
- the thin slab is behind the continuous caster in a hot strip mill 32 with equalizing furnace 11 and with several rolling stands 33 reduced thickness. Between the equalization furnace 11 and A cropping shear 31 is arranged on the first roll stand 33.
- This one Deflection bending rollers are a spray bar 17 on each opposite side of the slab, 18 associated with spray nozzles 6, 7 arranged in inclined planes, like this can be seen from Figures 3b and 4.
- the spray bars 17, 18 are, for example.
- Distance sensors 19, 20 and distance adjusting means 21, 22 are assigned. So that can the distance between the spray nozzles 6 and 7 and the surface 2, 3 of the Thin slab 1 are kept exactly constant.
- the deflection bending rollers 15, 16 are controlled actuating cylinders 23, 24 and displacement sensors 25, 26 assigned.
- the deflection bending rollers 15, 16 can thus either be regulated away or load-controlled adjustable distance.
- the descaling station 14 is covered with a protective box 27.
- the deflection bending rollers 15, 16 can be adjusted by means of the corresponding adjusting means 23-26 achieved that the extent of each deflection 4, 5 of the thin slab 1 after Provided their maximum allowable deformation is made.
- the water jets 8, 9 can also be sprayed with the spray bar 17, 18 can be moved back and forth in the plane y-y.
- the water jets 8,9 either according to FIG. 3b or FIG. 4 obliquely against the transport direction 34 the slab 1 be directed. However, they can also be aligned with the transport direction 34 be, the choice of this orientation depending on the prevailing Operating parameters can be set by the specialist from case to case.
- the descaling device with the claims Features (Fig. 2) also before the entry of the thin slab in the roll stands 33 are provided.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Metal Rolling (AREA)
- Continuous Casting (AREA)
- Cleaning By Liquid Or Steam (AREA)
- Cleaning In General (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE19900427A DE19900427A1 (de) | 1999-01-08 | 1999-01-08 | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Entzundern einer Oszillationsmarken aufweisenden Oberfläche eines Gußstranges aus einer Stranggießanlage |
DE19900427 | 1999-01-08 |
Publications (3)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP1018377A2 true EP1018377A2 (fr) | 2000-07-12 |
EP1018377A3 EP1018377A3 (fr) | 2003-09-17 |
EP1018377B1 EP1018377B1 (fr) | 2005-07-06 |
Family
ID=7893764
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP99124715A Expired - Lifetime EP1018377B1 (fr) | 1999-01-08 | 1999-12-11 | Procédé et dispositif pour le décalaminage d'une surface d'une barre coulée provenant d'une installation de coulée continue, ladite surface présentant des marques d'oscillations |
Country Status (7)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US6389666B1 (fr) |
EP (1) | EP1018377B1 (fr) |
JP (1) | JP4637986B2 (fr) |
KR (1) | KR100648498B1 (fr) |
CN (1) | CN1260253A (fr) |
AT (1) | ATE299050T1 (fr) |
DE (2) | DE19900427A1 (fr) |
Cited By (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP1059127A2 (fr) * | 1999-06-07 | 2000-12-13 | SMS Schloemann-Siemag AG | Procédé de décalaminage pour und bande métallique et dispositif de décalaminage correspondant |
KR100648498B1 (ko) * | 1999-01-08 | 2006-11-24 | 에스엠에스 데마그 악티엔게젤샤프트 | 연속주조기에 의하여 생산된 주조 빌릿의 진동 연흔을가진 표면을 디스케일링하는 방법 및 장치 |
CN101811145A (zh) * | 2010-04-23 | 2010-08-25 | 东莞市科力钢铁线材有限公司 | 振动剥壳装置 |
ITMI20110368A1 (it) * | 2011-03-10 | 2012-09-11 | Danieli Off Mecc | Discagliatore oscillante e metodo per discagliare un semilavorato metallurgico |
CN107931328A (zh) * | 2017-11-20 | 2018-04-20 | 江苏省冶金设计院有限公司 | 一种双带钢生产工艺 |
Families Citing this family (24)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE10110324A1 (de) * | 2001-03-03 | 2002-09-05 | Sms Demag Ag | Verfahren zum Entzundern von Bändern |
KR100928820B1 (ko) * | 2002-12-28 | 2009-11-27 | 주식회사 포스코 | 전기강판제조용 열연소둔강판의 산화막 제거방법,전기강판제조용 열연소둔강판의 제조방법 및 장치 |
EP1486348B1 (fr) * | 2003-06-12 | 2013-01-02 | FUJIFILM Manufacturing Europe B.V. | Procédé pour la fabrication d'une plaque lithographique |
KR100598972B1 (ko) * | 2004-05-07 | 2006-07-13 | 주식회사 경도공업 | 사상압연기용 롤러가이드의 동작감시장치 및 방법 |
AT504782B1 (de) | 2005-11-09 | 2008-08-15 | Siemens Vai Metals Tech Gmbh | Verfahren zur herstellung eines warmgewalzten stahlbandes und kombinierte giess- und walzanlage zur durchführung des verfahrens |
DE102008047029A1 (de) * | 2008-09-13 | 2010-03-18 | Sms Siemag Aktiengesellschaft | Entzunderungsvorrichtung |
AT507663B1 (de) * | 2009-04-09 | 2010-07-15 | Siemens Vai Metals Tech Gmbh | Verfahren und vorrichtung zum aufbereiten von warmwalzgut |
DE102009035161A1 (de) * | 2009-07-29 | 2011-02-10 | Sms Siemag Ag | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Entzunderung oder Reinigung von metallischen Oberflächen, unter anderem Bänder (oder Brammen) im Durchlauf |
DE102010004563A1 (de) * | 2010-01-14 | 2011-07-21 | SMS Siemag AG, 40237 | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Inline-Oberflächenbehandlung von Brammen |
CN102189135A (zh) * | 2010-03-16 | 2011-09-21 | 宝山钢铁股份有限公司 | 快速去除冷态带钢表面氧化铁皮***及方法 |
CN102728633A (zh) * | 2011-04-07 | 2012-10-17 | 福建金锋钢业有限公司 | 一种钢带破鳞矫直设备 |
CN103418623B (zh) * | 2012-05-25 | 2016-06-01 | 宝山钢铁股份有限公司 | 一种冷态金属板带表面处理***及其处理方法 |
CN105121042B (zh) * | 2013-03-08 | 2017-12-08 | Sms集团有限公司 | 用于通过铸造轧制制造金属带的方法 |
CN103481201A (zh) * | 2013-10-16 | 2014-01-01 | 山西太钢不锈钢股份有限公司 | 金属板带表面连续除鳞的装置与方法 |
KR101558936B1 (ko) | 2013-12-26 | 2015-10-12 | 재단법인 포항산업과학연구원 | 장력 유지 시스템 및 이를 이용한 장력 유지 방법 |
CN103962413A (zh) * | 2014-04-18 | 2014-08-06 | 江苏胜达科技有限公司 | 一种钢丝机械除鳞装置 |
CN104759474B (zh) * | 2015-03-10 | 2016-08-24 | 北京科技大学 | 一种基于磨料射流的带钢脱脂控制装置 |
US10376912B2 (en) | 2018-01-02 | 2019-08-13 | Alex Xie | Apparatus and method for depositing color into cracks of a moving formed quartz slab to create veins in an engineered stone |
US10099236B1 (en) * | 2018-01-02 | 2018-10-16 | Alex Xie | Apparatus and method for spraying color into cracks of a moving formed quartz slab to create veins in an engineered stone |
CN108405634B (zh) * | 2018-02-27 | 2020-02-21 | 首钢京唐钢铁联合有限责任公司 | 一种增加板坯过程温降的方法 |
US10300630B1 (en) | 2018-12-20 | 2019-05-28 | Alex Xie | Cutting equipment and its controllers |
CN112743456B (zh) * | 2020-11-27 | 2022-04-08 | 北京电子科技职业学院 | 一种带钢无酸除鳞装置 |
CN113182351B (zh) * | 2021-04-15 | 2023-04-11 | 首钢集团有限公司 | 一种热连轧机振动振纹的发生位置判别方法和装置 |
CN113145672A (zh) * | 2021-05-17 | 2021-07-23 | 山东绿钢环保科技股份有限公司 | 用于钢带的高效除鳞*** |
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JPS5881511A (ja) * | 1981-11-06 | 1983-05-16 | Nisshin Steel Co Ltd | 熱延鋼板のデスケ−リングノズルのセツト方法 |
DE3150946A1 (de) * | 1981-12-23 | 1983-07-14 | Woma-Apparatebau Wolfgang Maasberg & Co Gmbh, 4100 Duisburg | "vorrichtung zum entzundern eines stahlstrangs" |
JPS61269925A (ja) * | 1985-05-24 | 1986-11-29 | Kawasaki Steel Corp | 熱間圧延におけるスケ−ル除去方法 |
JPH01154816A (ja) * | 1987-12-14 | 1989-06-16 | Mitsubishi Corp | ロールベンドスケールブレーカにおけるスケール除去方法とその装置 |
EP0360480A2 (fr) * | 1988-09-20 | 1990-03-28 | Hitachi, Ltd. | Décalaminage de produits laminés |
JPH06315712A (ja) * | 1993-05-10 | 1994-11-15 | Ishikawajima Harima Heavy Ind Co Ltd | 熱間圧延設備 |
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DE19900427A1 (de) * | 1999-01-08 | 2000-07-13 | Sms Demag Ag | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zum Entzundern einer Oszillationsmarken aufweisenden Oberfläche eines Gußstranges aus einer Stranggießanlage |
-
1999
- 1999-01-08 DE DE19900427A patent/DE19900427A1/de not_active Withdrawn
- 1999-12-11 AT AT99124715T patent/ATE299050T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1999-12-11 DE DE59912239T patent/DE59912239D1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1999-12-11 EP EP99124715A patent/EP1018377B1/fr not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1999-12-27 JP JP37054099A patent/JP4637986B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2000
- 2000-01-07 CN CN00101002A patent/CN1260253A/zh active Pending
- 2000-01-07 US US09/479,610 patent/US6389666B1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2000-01-07 KR KR1020000000575A patent/KR100648498B1/ko not_active IP Right Cessation
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JPS5881511A (ja) * | 1981-11-06 | 1983-05-16 | Nisshin Steel Co Ltd | 熱延鋼板のデスケ−リングノズルのセツト方法 |
DE3150946A1 (de) * | 1981-12-23 | 1983-07-14 | Woma-Apparatebau Wolfgang Maasberg & Co Gmbh, 4100 Duisburg | "vorrichtung zum entzundern eines stahlstrangs" |
JPS61269925A (ja) * | 1985-05-24 | 1986-11-29 | Kawasaki Steel Corp | 熱間圧延におけるスケ−ル除去方法 |
JPH01154816A (ja) * | 1987-12-14 | 1989-06-16 | Mitsubishi Corp | ロールベンドスケールブレーカにおけるスケール除去方法とその装置 |
EP0360480A2 (fr) * | 1988-09-20 | 1990-03-28 | Hitachi, Ltd. | Décalaminage de produits laminés |
JPH06315712A (ja) * | 1993-05-10 | 1994-11-15 | Ishikawajima Harima Heavy Ind Co Ltd | 熱間圧延設備 |
Non-Patent Citations (4)
Title |
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PATENT ABSTRACTS OF JAPAN vol. 007, no. 179 (M-234), 9. August 1983 (1983-08-09) -& JP 58 081511 A (NITSUSHIN SEIKOU KK), 16. Mai 1983 (1983-05-16) * |
PATENT ABSTRACTS OF JAPAN vol. 011, no. 128 (M-583), 22. April 1987 (1987-04-22) -& JP 61 269925 A (KAWASAKI STEEL CORP), 29. November 1986 (1986-11-29) * |
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Cited By (8)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
KR100648498B1 (ko) * | 1999-01-08 | 2006-11-24 | 에스엠에스 데마그 악티엔게젤샤프트 | 연속주조기에 의하여 생산된 주조 빌릿의 진동 연흔을가진 표면을 디스케일링하는 방법 및 장치 |
EP1059127A2 (fr) * | 1999-06-07 | 2000-12-13 | SMS Schloemann-Siemag AG | Procédé de décalaminage pour und bande métallique et dispositif de décalaminage correspondant |
EP1059127A3 (fr) * | 1999-06-07 | 2003-10-22 | SMS Schloemann-Siemag AG | Procédé de décalaminage pour und bande métallique et dispositif de décalaminage correspondant |
CN101811145A (zh) * | 2010-04-23 | 2010-08-25 | 东莞市科力钢铁线材有限公司 | 振动剥壳装置 |
ITMI20110368A1 (it) * | 2011-03-10 | 2012-09-11 | Danieli Off Mecc | Discagliatore oscillante e metodo per discagliare un semilavorato metallurgico |
WO2012120112A1 (fr) | 2011-03-10 | 2012-09-13 | Danieli & C. Officine Meccaniche S.P.A. | Décalamineuse oscillante et procédé de décalamination d'un produit métallugique semi-fini |
US9669439B2 (en) | 2011-03-10 | 2017-06-06 | Danieli & C. Officine Meccaniche S.P.A. | Oscillating descaler and method for descaling a semi-finished metallurgical product |
CN107931328A (zh) * | 2017-11-20 | 2018-04-20 | 江苏省冶金设计院有限公司 | 一种双带钢生产工艺 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
ATE299050T1 (de) | 2005-07-15 |
EP1018377A3 (fr) | 2003-09-17 |
JP4637986B2 (ja) | 2011-02-23 |
DE59912239D1 (de) | 2005-08-11 |
CN1260253A (zh) | 2000-07-19 |
DE19900427A1 (de) | 2000-07-13 |
KR100648498B1 (ko) | 2006-11-24 |
JP2000202518A (ja) | 2000-07-25 |
EP1018377B1 (fr) | 2005-07-06 |
KR20000053410A (ko) | 2000-08-25 |
US6389666B1 (en) | 2002-05-21 |
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