EP0708492A1 - Mikrostreifenleitungsantenne insbesondere für Uhrenanwendung - Google Patents

Mikrostreifenleitungsantenne insbesondere für Uhrenanwendung Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0708492A1
EP0708492A1 EP95116148A EP95116148A EP0708492A1 EP 0708492 A1 EP0708492 A1 EP 0708492A1 EP 95116148 A EP95116148 A EP 95116148A EP 95116148 A EP95116148 A EP 95116148A EP 0708492 A1 EP0708492 A1 EP 0708492A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
conductive element
antenna
frequency adjustment
antenna according
adjustment plate
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP95116148A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP0708492B1 (de
Inventor
Syed Bokhari
Jean-François Zürcher
Juan Ramon Mosig
Freddy Gardiol
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Asulab AG
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Asulab AG
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Filing date
Publication date
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Publication of EP0708492A1 publication Critical patent/EP0708492A1/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0708492B1 publication Critical patent/EP0708492B1/de
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/27—Adaptation for use in or on movable bodies
    • H01Q1/273—Adaptation for carrying or wearing by persons or animals
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q9/00—Electrically-short antennas having dimensions not more than twice the operating wavelength and consisting of conductive active radiating elements
    • H01Q9/04—Resonant antennas
    • H01Q9/0407—Substantially flat resonant element parallel to ground plane, e.g. patch antenna

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to antennas intended to convert an alternating voltage into a microwave and vice versa and, more particularly, to antennas of this type comprising a conductive element and a ground plane separated by a dielectric substrate. These antennas are also known by the English name "microstrip patch antennas".
  • the invention can be used to transmit and / or receive GPS ("Global Positioning System") signals, and, moreover, it can be incorporated into watches or other horological products. The invention will therefore be described in the context of this example of application. However, it will be understood that the invention is of course not limited to this application.
  • the miniaturization of antennas of the type described above is generally accomplished by using a substrate of very high permittivity. This invariably involves the use of a ceramic substrate. The costs of manufacturing such a substrate are often high.
  • miniaturized antennas of this type have a very narrow bandwidth. Therefore, under manufacturing tolerances, the design and construction of these antennas is a difficult task.
  • Mechanical adjustment of the edges of the conductive element has been a technique used for a long time to obtain the resonance frequency of the desired antenna.
  • such a solution is both destructive and cumbersome.
  • the object of the present invention is to provide a miniaturized antenna of the type defined above which remedies at least in part to the disadvantages of antennas of the state of the prior art.
  • Another object of the invention is to provide a miniaturized antenna of the type defined above which is compact, and which is relatively easy and inexpensive to manufacture.
  • Another object of the invention is to provide a miniaturized antenna of the type defined above which allows simple adjustment of its resonant frequency.
  • Another object of the invention is to provide a miniaturized antenna of the type defined above which is suitable for use in a watch.
  • the invention allows the realization of a miniaturized antenna without requiring the use of a substrate of very high permittivity.
  • the antenna according to the invention further comprises a frequency adjustment plate, the distance between the periphery and the center of said plate along said second axis varying as a function of the angle of rotation of the plate setting frequency around an axis perpendicular to the plane of the plate and passing through its center with respect to said conductive element.
  • the rotation of the frequency adjustment plate around the third axis allows a simple and precise adjustment of the resonance frequency of the antenna, and this over a bandwidth greater than the bandwidth of l conductive element.
  • the arrangement of the miniaturized antenna 1 according to the invention shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 comprises a dielectric substrate 2, a conductive element 3 and a ground plane 4.
  • the conductive element 3 has the general shape of a disc and according to the Anglo-Saxon name is called "radiating patch".
  • the conductive element 3 and the ground plane 4 are deposited on opposite surfaces of the dielectric substrate 2.
  • the antenna 1 has a geometry capable of receiving and emitting linearly polarized waves.
  • the conductive element 3 has slots 5 and 6 diametrically opposite and aligned along the axis 7. These slots 5 and 6 extend from the periphery towards the center of the conductive element 3.
  • An excitation point 8 is located in the plane of the conductive element 3, on an axis 9 which is perpendicular to the axis 7.
  • the excitation is provided by means of a coaxial cable whose central conductor 10 passes through the substrate 2 and is soldered to the conductive element 3 at the location of the excitation point 8.
  • FIG. 3 shows more precisely the geometry of the conductive element 3. It can be seen that the slots 5 and 6 both have a length r x and that the conductive element 3 has a diameter 2R, R being the radius of the latter.
  • the slots 5 and 6 constitute a capacitive load for the antenna 1.
  • Theoretical considerations which will not be repeated here since they go beyond the scope of the present patent application, show that the resonance frequency of the antenna 1 strongly depends of the length r x of the slots 5 and 6. According to these considerations, when r x is zero, the antenna 1 resonates at a frequency f c . However, when the value of r x approaches R, the resonant frequency approaches f c / 2.
  • the diameter 2R of the antenna is a function of the inverse of the resonance frequency f c thereof.
  • the resonance frequency f c is close to f c / 2 for a certain dimension 2R, one can also choose to reduce the dimension 2R by half for a certain resonance frequency f c . That is to say, the maximum dimension of the antenna 1 can be reduced by a factor of 2 when the slots extend substantially over the entire distance separating the periphery from the center of said conductive element.
  • the slots 5 and 6 can be produced by cutting the conductive element 3 by means of a laser beam. Of course the slots 5 and 6 can also be made by etching or any other chemical or mechanical treatment of the conductive element 3.
  • the circular shape of the conductive element 3 of FIGS. 2 and 3 represents only one example of a shape of the conductive element of the invention.
  • a square shape can also be used, as well as any other conductive element which is delimited at its periphery by an edge which gives this element a double planar symmetry along two perpendicular axes.
  • the excitation point is on one of the two axes of symmetry of the conductive element and the slots 5 and 6 extend on the other axis of symmetry.
  • FIG. 4 shows the geometry of a conductive element 20 capable of receiving and transmitting both circularly polarized signals and linearly polarized signals.
  • the conductive element 20 has slots 21 and 22 which extend from its periphery towards the center and which are aligned on the same axis 23.
  • the conductive element 20 has slots 24 and 25 which extend from its periphery towards the center and which are aligned on the same axis 26 perpendicular to the axis 23.
  • An excitation point 27 is located on an axis offset by 45 ° relative to the two axes 23 and 24.
  • the lengths r x of the slots 21 and 22 and r y of the slots 24 and 25 must be equal.
  • a right circular polarization is obtained if, for an excitation point 27 as described above, r x is greater than r y according to a suitable choice.
  • the circular shape of the conductive element 20 of FIG. 4 only represents a particular shape of the conductive element of the invention. It goes without saying that a square shape can also be used or any other form of conductive element delimited at its periphery by an edge which gives it a double planar symmetry along two perpendicular axes.
  • the excitation point 27 of the conductive element is on a bisecting axis of the angle formed between the two axes of symmetry.
  • the pairs of slots 21, 22 and 23, 24 extend respectively on the two axes of symmetry.
  • the resonant frequency of the antenna according to the invention varies as a function of the distance r, if we consider the conductive element 3 of FIG. 3, or as a function of the distances r x and r y , if we consider the conductive element shown in FIG. 4.
  • r the distance between the conductive elements 3 of FIG. 3
  • r x and r y the distance between the conductive elements shown in FIG. 4.
  • Figures 5, 6, 7 and 8 respectively show examples 30, 31, 32 and 33 of geometries of such a frequency adjustment plate, the distance between the periphery and the center of said plate, along at least one of the axes defined by the slots of the conductive element, varying as a function of the angle of rotation of the plate around an axis perpendicular A to the plane of the plate and passing through the center of the plate relative to the conductive element.
  • the structures shown in Figures 5 to 8 can be made in several ways. For example, they can be printed on a dielectric substrate or machined from a metal block. Several forms of plates are possible and the choice of these depends on the necessary tuning range as well as the fineness of the tuning.
  • FIGS. 9 and 10 show an antenna 40 comprising a dielectric substrate 41, a ground plane 42, a conductive element 43 and a frequency adjustment plate 44, the latter being separated from the conductive element 43 by another dielectric substrate 45
  • the conductive element 43 has orthogonal slots 46, 47, 48 and 49.
  • the rotation of the frequency adjustment plate 44 about the axis A relative to the conductive element 43 modifies the effective lengths of the slots 46 to 49 and, therefore, changes the resonant frequency of the antenna 40.
  • the antenna 40 further comprises a coaxial connector whose central conductor 50 passes through the substrate 41.
  • the central conductor 50 is soldered to the conductive element 43, while the external conductor is soldered to the ground plane 42.
  • the two Coaxial connector conductors are also connected to an antenna circuit.
  • the antenna 40 converts an alternating voltage coming from the antenna circuit, between the two conductors of the coaxial connector, into a microwave and vice versa.
  • the antenna 40 has a central support 51 which passes through openings 52, 53 and 54 at the center of the structure shown in FIG. 9 and which maintains the alignment of the various elements of the antenna 40.
  • the central support 51 can be made either of insulating material or of conductive material, the difference related to the use of either of these two materials being a slight change in the resonant frequency. This difference can be compensated anyway by a rotation of the frequency adjustment plate 44.
  • the center of the conducting element 43 is a point of zero voltage and that the fact that this point is in open circuit or in short-circuit with the ground does not affect the characteristics of the antenna.
  • a metal central support will be used, because in this case the electrostatic potential of the conductive element 43 and that of the frequency adjustment plate 44 are grounded. This can be advantageous from the point of view of the electromagnetic compatibility of the antenna 40.
  • the conductive element 20 is linearly polarized along a line passing through the center of the conductive element 20 and by the excitation point 27.
  • this linear polarization can be adjusted.
  • adjusting the resonant frequency of an antenna is only required to overcome the uncertainty in the value of the permittivity of the substrate.
  • the antenna can be adjusted by using the disturbance segments which have just been described.
  • Simple narrow band frequency tuning plates can be used so that the antenna can be tuned to a desired frequency.
  • Figures 13, 14 and 15 show examples of the shape of the plates 70, 71 and 72.
  • Figure 16 shows the arrangement of the frequency adjustment plate 70 of Figure 13 and the conductive element 65 of Figure 12 17 shows the arrangement of the frequency adjustment plate 72 of FIG. 15 and of the conductive element 64 of FIG. 11.
  • the shape and the size of the frequency adjustment plates 70, 71 and 72 relative to the corresponding conductive elements are such that the distance between the periphery and the center of the plates 70, 71 and 72 varies little as a function of the angle of rotation.
  • FIGS. 7 and 8 show an example of such a combination of plates.
  • the frequency adjustment plates 32 and 33 are supported above the conductive element 20 of FIG. 4.
  • the adjustment plate can first be rotated 32 to establish linear polarization at a desired frequency.
  • the frequency adjustment plate 33 can be rotated to introduce a controlled offset between the dimensions r x and r y , which leads the antenna to circular polarization operation.
  • the use of two frequency adjustment plates makes it possible to be able to provide wider manufacturing tolerances for the antenna.
  • a conductive element having the shape shown in FIG. 3 is etched from a substrate made of a material sold under the trade designation ULTRALAM®.
  • the initial dimensions of the substrate were 144 x 1.5 mm3 and its relative permittivity is 2.5.
  • a circular hole with a diameter of 1 mm is drilled in the center of the substrate.
  • the antenna is energized by means of a signal applied to the conductive element 3 via a standard 50 ⁇ SMA coaxial cable.
  • a hole with a diameter equal to 3 ⁇ is formed in the center of the conductive element.
  • a frequency adjustment plate having the shape shown in Figure 5 was used.
  • the arrangement of the antenna is shown in Figure 19.
  • the frequency adjustment plate is etched from a circular epoxy disc. We chose this material in this case because of its high rigidity.
  • the circular disc has a thickness of 0.8 mm and a diameter of 60 mm.
  • Another epoxy disc such as that referenced 45 in FIG. 9 was also used. This disc serves as a spacer plate between the conductive element and the frequency adjustment plate.
  • the spacer plate has a thickness of 0.1 mm and a diameter of 25 mm.
  • the standing voltage wave ratio, measured at the resonant frequency is better than 2 over the entire band.
  • the radiation patterns were measured in an anechoic enclosure at three different frequencies, namely, 2.118, 2.296 and 2.488 GHz, these three frequencies corresponding respectively to three different angular positions of the frequency adjustment structure.
  • the co-polarization diagrams are in these cases substantially the same as the co-polarization diagrams for a circular conducting element.
  • the cross-polarization levels are less than -20 dB, which indicates that the frequency control structure does not introduce any unacceptable cross-polarization radiation level.
  • the angle of rotation of the frequency adjustment plate 33 of the antenna shown in FIG. 19 is limited to a value of 90 °.
  • the use of the frequency adjustment plate shown in Figure 6 allows rotation of an angle of 180 ° and therefore a finer adjustment of the frequency in the same frequency range.
  • An antenna was made having an arrangement such as that shown in FIG. 18. This antenna was excited at a single point situated on an axis bisecting the angle formed between the two orthogonal axes of the slots of the conductive element.
  • this excitation technique is quite sensitive compared to other known techniques and that it requires a precise separation between the two degenerate modes of the antenna.
  • the geometry of the conductive element shown in Figure 4 can be adapted for this purpose using an asymmetrical frequency adjustment structure.
  • a circularly polarized excitation requires asymmetry in the dimensions of the slots of the conductive element.
  • the fact that the length r x is greater than the length r y leads to circular polarization to the right.
  • the conductive element is etched from a substrate made of a material sold under the trade designation ULTRALAM®.
  • the initial dimensions of the substrate were 144 x 144 x 1.5 mm3 and its relative permittivity is 2.5.
  • a circular hole with a diameter of 1 mm is drilled in the center of the substrate.
  • the antenna is energized by means of a signal applied to the conductive element 3 via a standard 50 ⁇ coaxial cable SMA.
  • a hole with a diameter equal to 3 ⁇ is provided in the center of the conductive element.
  • Frequency adjustment plates having the form shown in Figures 7 and 8 are used.
  • the antenna layout is shown in Figure 18.
  • the frequency adjustment plate in Figure 7 is etched from a circular epoxy disc.
  • the circular disc has a thickness of 0.1 mm and a diameter of 60 mm.
  • the frequency adjustment plate in Figure 8 is also etched from a circular epoxy disc.
  • the circular disc has a thickness of 0.8 mm and a diameter of 50 mm.
  • Another epoxy disc such as that designated by the reference numeral 45 in FIG. 9, is used as a spacer plate and is placed between the conductive element and the frequency adjustment plate.
  • the spacer plate has a thickness of 0.1 mm and a diameter of 25 mm. No spacer disc is used between the two frequency adjustment plates.
  • the adjustment range of the antenna resonant frequency is slightly less than the adjustment range of the previous example due to the offset between the two degenerate modes of the antenna in the second example. This variation is around 10%.
  • the standing voltage wave ratio, measured at resonance, is better than 2 at a frequency of 2.306 MHz.
  • a conductive element having the shape shown in FIG. 11 is etched from a substrate made of a material sold under the trade designation TMM-10®, this conductive element comprising disturbance segments allowing operation with circular polarization to the right.
  • the substrate is circular and has a diameter of 34.5 mm.
  • the thickness of the substrate is 0.635 mm and its relative permittivity is 9.2.
  • a circular hole with a diameter of 1.4 mm is drilled in the center of the substrate.
  • the antenna is energized by means of a signal applied to the conductive element via a standard 50 ⁇ SMA coaxial cable.
  • a frequency adjustment plate having the shape shown in Figure 15 was used.
  • the arrangement of the antenna is shown in Figure 17.
  • the frequency adjustment plate is etched from a circular epoxy disc. This material is preferred here because of its high rigidity.
  • the circular disc has a thickness of 0.8 mm and a diameter of 25 mm.
  • a TEFLON® dielectric disc is used as a spacer plate and is placed between the conductive element and the frequency adjustment plate.
  • the spacer plate is 0.254 mm thick and 25 mm in diameter. This structure makes it possible to obtain a frequency adjustment range of the order of 2%.
  • the antenna is adjusted to the frequency of the GPS signals (1.57542 GHz) by the rotation of the frequency adjustment plate.
  • the measured axial ratio is 2.54 dB and the bandwidth, with a standing wave ratio in voltage equal to 2, is 12 MHz.
  • the gain measured is -6 dBi.
  • Example 4 Circular polarization and narrow band adjustment.
  • This example uses a conductive element comprising disturbance segments for operation with right-hand circular polarization.
  • a conductive element having the shape shown in FIG. 12 is etched from a TMM-10® substrate.
  • the substrate is circular and has a diameter of 34.5 mm.
  • the thickness of the substrate is 1.27 mm and its relative permittivity is 9.2.
  • a circular hole with a diameter of 1.4 mm is drilled in the center of the substrate.
  • the antenna is energized by means of a signal applied to the conductive element via a standard 50 ⁇ SMA coaxial cable.
  • a hole with a diameter equal to 1.631 mm is drilled in the center of the conductive element.
  • a frequency adjustment plate having the shape shown in Figure 13 is machined from a block of copper. No spacer disc is used, but an air gap is created by supporting the frequency adjustment plate 0.2 mm above the conductive element by means of a central support element.
  • the antenna layout is illustrated in Figure 16.
  • the frequency adjustment plate can be rotated 90 ° to obtain a range of frequency setting of 6%.
  • the geometry of the frequency adjustment plate 70 is such that the distance between its periphery and its origin varies linearly between 4.5 mm and 8.75 mm depending on the angle of rotation thereof.
  • the antenna in this example is mounted in a plastic housing and is adjusted to the frequency of the GPS signals (1.57542 GHz) by rotation of the frequency adjustment plate.
  • the measured axial ratio, with the box fixed to the ground plane of the antenna, is 1.78 dB and the bandwidth when the standing voltage wave ratio is 2 is 11 MHz.
  • the gain measured is -4.0 dB.
  • the frequency adjustment plate 70 can be replaced by the frequency adjustment plate 71 of FIG. 14.
  • This frequency adjustment plate is easier to manufacture because it can be produced from of rectangular bars currently available on the market.
  • the adjustment range in this case is around 3% and the maximum angle of rotation is 45 °.
  • the geometry of the conductive element allows proper control of its size.
  • Current shapes such as circular or rectangular shapes have a fixed size according to the desired resonant frequency and according to the characteristics of the substrate used.
  • the antenna dimensions can be changed by a factor of 2.
  • the shape of the conductive element allows optimum use of the available surface, since there is little surface not metallic. Consequently, the invention allows miniaturization of the antenna while keeping an optimal gain / size ratio.
  • Examples 3 and 4 above describe antennas which are intended to receive waves of GPS signals transmitted by satellite.
  • the dimensions of the antenna are such that it can be mounted in a watch case. In a watch, the antenna can for example be arranged between the engine and the hands.
  • FIG. 20 is a sectional view of a watch 80 comprising a box 81, a bottom 82 and a glass 83.
  • the watch 80 comprises a dielectric substrate 85, a ground plane 86 connected to the box 81, a conductive element 87 and a frequency adjustment plate 88, the latter being separated from the conductive element 87 by another dielectric substrate 89.
  • the conductive element comprises two pairs of orthogonal slots. The length of one of the pairs of slots is greater than the length of the other pair, in order to ensure circular polarization of the antenna 87.
  • the rotation of a frequency adjustment plate 88 relative to the conductive element 87 modifies the lengths of the two pairs of orthogonal slots and, consequently, modifies the resonant frequency of the antenna 84.
  • the watch 80 further comprises a coaxial cable 90, the central conductor of which crosses the dielectric substrate 85. This central conductor is welded to the conductive element 87, while the external conductor is welded to the ground plane 86.
  • the two conductors of the cable coaxial are also connected to an antenna circuit 91, arranged in watch 80, between the bottom 82 and the ground plane 86.
  • watch 80 has a central support 92 on which are mounted the hour, minute and second hands, respectively 93, 94 and 95.
  • the central support 92 is connected to a clockwork movement 96 which is also disposed between the bottom 82 and the ground plane 86.
  • the clockwork movement 96 rotates the hands 93 to 95 of the watch 80 via the central support 92 in order to indicate the standard time.
  • the central support 92 serves to maintain the alignment of the various elements 85 to 88 of the antenna 80.
  • the environment near the antenna 80 has a certain effect on the resonant frequency of the antenna.
  • the angular positions of the needles 93 to 95 relative to the slots of the conductive element 87 have a certain effect on the resonance frequency of the antenna.
  • the hands 93 to 95 are brought by the clockwork movement 96 into angular positions which have little influence on the frequency. antenna 80.
  • these angular positions are such that none of the needles 93 to 95 are superimposed on the slots of the conductive element 87.
  • the needles 93 to 95 can be brought into the same angular positions during each reception / transmission. , so that the influence of needles 93 to 95 on the resonant frequency of antenna 80 is always the same.
  • the structures for adjusting the resonance frequency of the antenna which have just been described allow, on the one hand, compensation for the non-homogeneity of the characteristics of the material of the substrate, and, on the other hand, frequency adjustment over a wide band.
  • the dimensions of the antenna remain minimum because the frequency adjustment structures only slightly increase the thickness of the antenna.
  • the environment near the antenna has a certain effect on the resonant frequency of the antenna. This effect can be offset by a simple rotation of the antenna frequency adjustment plate.
  • the hands of a watch comprising the antenna of the invention are preferably made of plastic, or any other non-metallic material, to reduce this effect.

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EP95116148A 1994-10-19 1995-10-13 Mikrostreifenleitungsantenne insbesondere für Uhrenanwendung Expired - Lifetime EP0708492B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR9412480 1994-10-19
FR9412480A FR2726127B1 (fr) 1994-10-19 1994-10-19 Antenne miniaturisee a convertir une tension alternative a une micro-onde et vice-versa, notamment pour des applications horlogeres

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0708492A1 true EP0708492A1 (de) 1996-04-24
EP0708492B1 EP0708492B1 (de) 2002-06-12

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EP95116148A Expired - Lifetime EP0708492B1 (de) 1994-10-19 1995-10-13 Mikrostreifenleitungsantenne insbesondere für Uhrenanwendung

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US (1) US5646634A (de)
EP (1) EP0708492B1 (de)
JP (1) JPH08213819A (de)
AU (1) AU695429B2 (de)
CA (1) CA2159961A1 (de)
DE (1) DE69527020T2 (de)
FR (1) FR2726127B1 (de)

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EP1729187A3 (de) * 2001-05-18 2007-01-03 Seiko Instruments Inc. Stromversorgungseinrichtung und elektronisches Gerät
EP2447791A1 (de) * 2010-10-28 2012-05-02 Casio Computer Co., Ltd. Elektronisches Gerät, das mit einer Antennenvorrichtung und einem Sonnenkollektor ausgestattet ist
CN109524777A (zh) * 2018-10-22 2019-03-26 南京尤圣美电子科技有限公司 一种复合开槽结构的圆极化微带天线

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EP1489471A1 (de) * 2003-06-18 2004-12-22 Asulab S.A. Erdung von einer gedruckten Schaltung eingestellt in einen Armband elektronischen Gerät
EP1513220B1 (de) * 2003-09-03 2018-10-31 The Swatch Group Research and Development Ltd Patch-Antenne integriert in einer Armbanduhr
US20090051598A1 (en) * 2007-08-26 2009-02-26 Micro-Ant, Inc. Compact microstrip patch antenna
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CN102694230B (zh) * 2012-04-27 2016-12-14 深圳光启创新技术有限公司 腕表天线及其制造方法、实时通讯腕表
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EP0805512A1 (de) * 1996-04-24 1997-11-05 France Telecom Kompakt gedruckte Antenne mit geringer Strahlung in Elevationsrichtung
EP1729187A3 (de) * 2001-05-18 2007-01-03 Seiko Instruments Inc. Stromversorgungseinrichtung und elektronisches Gerät
EP2447791A1 (de) * 2010-10-28 2012-05-02 Casio Computer Co., Ltd. Elektronisches Gerät, das mit einer Antennenvorrichtung und einem Sonnenkollektor ausgestattet ist
CN109524777A (zh) * 2018-10-22 2019-03-26 南京尤圣美电子科技有限公司 一种复合开槽结构的圆极化微带天线
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AU695429B2 (en) 1998-08-13
DE69527020T2 (de) 2003-03-06
FR2726127B1 (fr) 1996-11-29
CA2159961A1 (en) 1996-04-20
DE69527020D1 (de) 2002-07-18
EP0708492B1 (de) 2002-06-12
US5646634A (en) 1997-07-08
AU3431495A (en) 1996-05-02
FR2726127A1 (fr) 1996-04-26
JPH08213819A (ja) 1996-08-20

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