EP2710676B1 - Strahlerelement für eine aktive gruppenantenne aus elementarfliesen - Google Patents

Strahlerelement für eine aktive gruppenantenne aus elementarfliesen Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2710676B1
EP2710676B1 EP12726368.9A EP12726368A EP2710676B1 EP 2710676 B1 EP2710676 B1 EP 2710676B1 EP 12726368 A EP12726368 A EP 12726368A EP 2710676 B1 EP2710676 B1 EP 2710676B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
antenna
lower patch
patch
frame
radiating element
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Active
Application number
EP12726368.9A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP2710676A1 (de
Inventor
Xavier Delestre
Michel LABEYRIE
Christian Renard
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Thales SA
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Thales SA
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Publication of EP2710676A1 publication Critical patent/EP2710676A1/de
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
    • H01Q21/06—Arrays of individually energised antenna units similarly polarised and spaced apart
    • H01Q21/061—Two dimensional planar arrays
    • H01Q21/065—Patch antenna array
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
    • H01Q21/0087—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing antenna arrays
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q9/00—Electrically-short antennas having dimensions not more than twice the operating wavelength and consisting of conductive active radiating elements
    • H01Q9/04—Resonant antennas
    • H01Q9/0407—Substantially flat resonant element parallel to ground plane, e.g. patch antenna

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a mono or bipolarization radiating element for active network antenna consisting of juxtaposed tiles. It applies in particular in the field of active network antennas consisting of elementary tiles.
  • an active network antenna architecture is said to be of the 'tile' type if its active components, in particular its amplifiers and phase shifters, are arranged in planes parallel to the radiating plane, so as to obtain an antenna of reduced depth. mechanically orientable or can be installed on the surface of a carrier.
  • the radiating elements of such a network antenna can be grouped into subnetworks of 2 n radiating elements (where n positive integer), called 'elementary tiles'.
  • n positive integer
  • the radiating elements of an elementary tile are arranged in line (or column) perpendicular to the plane of scanning of the antenna and connected to a distributor consisting of Wilkinson dividers of reduced bulk whose input is connected to an active channel of the antenna. 'antenna.
  • a major disadvantage of the relatively large radiating array of radiating elements is that blind directions occur, i.e. directions in which it is not possible to scan the beam.
  • a blind direction is linked to the fact that, for a given frequency and a particular pointing, the active TOS (Stationary Wave Rate) at the input of each of the radiating elements reaches a very high value, the reflection coefficient being close to 1.
  • This phenomenon destructive for the active circuits of the antenna, corresponds to a phasing of the couplings between a large number of radiating elements and any radiating element located in the middle of the array of elements.
  • a document US 2003/067410 A1 describes a tile antenna structure.
  • the purpose of the invention is in particular to eliminate the blind directions that are usually observed on active network antennas.
  • the invention proposes in particular to improve the radio behavior of the radiating elements forming the tiles, in order to obtain radiating elements having very good performance when grouped on a tile, whether in terms of bandwidth of operation or active reflection coefficient.
  • the subject of the invention is an antenna comprising a plurality of tiles forming an antenna plane, each of said tiles comprising a plurality of radiating elements.
  • Each radiating element comprises an upper metallic block disposed above a lower metal pad, the two blocks being separated by a layer electrically insulating them.
  • the lower pavement is powered by electricity.
  • Each radiating element comprises a conductive frame disposed parallel to the antenna plane and flanking the two blocks of said element, said two blocks being electromagnetically coupled through the opening of said frame whose body comprises a rear face of small section disposed on the side of the lower block and a front face of larger section disposed on the side of the upper block, so as to widen the angular range of scanning of a beam in a plane orthogonal to the antenna plane.
  • each radiating element may comprise parasitic elements forming bands parallel to the edges of the upper pavement.
  • the lower block of each radiating element being able to be supplied with electric current by a core of a coaxial line whose shielding may be connected to a ground plane disposed under said lower block on the side opposite the upper block, said core may comprise a capacitive disk disposed between said lower pad and said ground plane.
  • said lower block may comprise a set of two demetallized slots, said core being connectable to said lower pad at a position centered on an axis of symmetry of said lower pad and closer to one of its edges.
  • said lower block may comprise a set of four demetallized slots, said core being connectable to said lower pad at a position centered on an axis of symmetry of said lower pad and a core of a second coaxial line that can be connected to said lower pad at a position centered on the other axis of symmetry of said lower pad.
  • the tiles are separated by a conductive seal.
  • the antenna can then advantageously comprise a pattern of metallized holes made inside the tiles along the conductive joint.
  • the frame may be made of a dielectric material metallized on the entire outer surface of the body of the frame, with the exception of a slot disposed on the front face of the frame.
  • the slot may be ring-shaped.
  • the main advantage of the invention described above is that compared to conventional systems, such as Wide Angle Impedance Match (WAIM) type dielectric layers intended to reduce the incidence of the wave on the network, it is practically no effect on the active TOS in the axis of the radiating elements in the middle of the network and does not increase the thickness of the antenna.
  • WAIM Wide Angle Impedance Match
  • a tile In the front face, a tile has one or more lines of radiating elements. At the rear, it comprises one or more distributors triplate circuit or "microstrip" type, followed by other printed circuit layers on which are placed the controls and the active and passive components.
  • the circuits are assembled together by different techniques, be it pressing, gluing or brazing.
  • the figure 1 illustrates an example of radiating element according to the prior art. It comprises in particular two superposed metal blocks 1 and 2 of square and flat shape, they are also called “patches" according to the English terminology, the lower block 1 being excited by a core 3 of a coaxial line connected to the middle of one of its edges for the considered polarization.
  • the lower block and the upper block 1 and 2 are etched on printed circuits 4 and 5 respectively, said printed circuits being separated from each other by a layer of air or foam 6 with a low dielectric constant, the pad upper 2 being disposed on the side of the printed circuit 4 facing the lower pad 1.
  • the printed circuit 4 comprises, on its face opposite the lower pad 1, a ground plane 7 connected to the shield of the coaxial line. As illustrated by figure 1 once the coaxial line is fed with current, a wave is radiated upwards.
  • the figure 2 illustrates an example of radiating element 20 according to the invention.
  • a lower metal block 11 printed on a circuit 141 and powered by a core 13 of a coaxial line
  • an upper metal block 12 printed on a circuit 15, the two blocks being separated by an insulating layer 16, of the air for example.
  • it also comprises a frame 10, at least one metallized hole such as holes 181 and 182 and a capacitive disc 19 etched on one side of a printed circuit 142 whose other face forms a ground plane 17
  • the upper metal block 11 comprises parasitic elements 121, 122, 123 and 124, of which only the elements 121 and 123 are represented on the figure 2 .
  • the figure 3 illustrates the exemplary frame 10 according to the invention.
  • the two superposed blocks 11 and 12 are electromagnetically coupled to one another by proximity, through the frame 10 of metallized dielectric material on its outer surface.
  • the frame 10 forms a substantially square opening, this opening comprising at least two different sections S1 and S2 in the thickness of the frame.
  • the small section S1 is disposed on the side of the lower pad 11. It constitutes a portion of waveguide strongly undercut, the cutoff frequency of the waveguide section S1 being equal to 1.25 times the central frequency of operation of the radiating element 20.
  • the propagation of the wave of the lower pad 11 to the upper pad 12 is therefore effected by evanescent modes.
  • An operating principle of the radiating element 20 is to make the admittance of the upper block 12 brought back to the level of the lower block 11 is the conjugate of that of this latest.
  • This inversion of admittance is facilitated by the presence of the waveguide portion of section S1, which makes it possible to obtain a coupling between the two blocks 11 and 12, allowing the impedance matching at the input of the radiating element 20.
  • the large section S2 is disposed on the side of the upper pad 12. It minimizes the metal surface presented around the radiating elements networked when they operate in reception, which reduces reflections. Conversely, on transmission, this characteristic makes it possible to reduce the active TOS of a radiating element in the middle of the network.
  • the Figures 4a and 4b illustrate two alternative embodiments of the lower block 11 according to the invention, an example of a monopolarization keypad 11a and an example of bipolarization keypad 11b respectively.
  • the lower blocks 11a and 11b can be etched on the front face of a dielectric substrate 14 consisting of two layers formed by the circuits 141 and 142 assembled.
  • the layer formed by the circuit 142 is arranged on the side of the coaxial supply line of the radiating element 20.
  • This structure makes it possible to engrave on one of the two layers, for example the one formed by the circuit 142, and in their junction plane, a metal disk 19 electrically connected to the core 13 of the coaxial supply line.
  • This disc 19 opposite the ground plane 17 of the radiating element 20 constitutes a capacitance making it possible to compensate for the series inductance caused by the length of the core 13 situated between the block 11 and the ground plane 17.
  • This correction capacitive makes it possible to center on the Smith chart the impedance location corresponding to the active TOS in the axis of the radiating element 20 in the middle of the network and thus to optimize it.
  • the block 11a may comprise an assembly 41a of two demetallized slots arranged at the positions illustrated by FIG. figure 4a .
  • the core 13 may then be centered on the axis of the block 11a and connected as close as possible to one of the radiating edges at a position 42a, so as to obtain the highest possible impedance at the resonance frequency of the block 11a and that in the absence of the upper block 12.
  • the block 11 b may comprise an assembly 41 b of four demetallized slots arranged at the positions illustrated on the figure 4b .
  • Soul 13 can then be centered on the axis of the block 11b at a position 42b and the core of a second coaxial line may be centered on the other axis of the block 11b in a position 43b.
  • the slots make it possible to best limit the phase dispersion of the input impedance of the lower pad 11, which contributes to increasing the operating bandwidth of the radiating element 20.
  • the figure 5 illustrates an embodiment of the upper block 12 according to the invention.
  • the upper block 12 is etched on the face of the printed circuit 15 facing the lower block 11.
  • the pad 12 is surrounded by four parasitic elements 121, 122, 123 and 124 forming strips whose length is substantially identical to the length of the side of block 12.
  • the role of the parasitic elements 121, 122, 123 and 124 is to increase the phase dispersion of the impedance brought by the upper pad 12 to that of the lower pad 11. They also contribute to increasing the bandwidth operating the radiating element 20 according to the invention.
  • FIGS. 6a and 6b illustrate, by a view from above and a sectional view in a vertical plane X, respectively, an example of a device according to the invention for eliminating the blind directions of an active network antenna.
  • four elementary tiles 61, 62, 63 and 64 are arranged in a network.
  • the tiles of the antenna are separated from each other by a conductive seal 68 inserted between the tiles.
  • the seal 68 may be replaced by foils.
  • Each of these tiles is itself formed of a plurality of radiating elements arranged in an array, said radiating elements being all identical to the radiating element 20 according to the invention described above.
  • these are single-polarization radiating elements, comprising a lower two-slot block of the same type as the pad 11 illustrated by FIG. Figure 4a .
  • the scoring domain in the scanning plane is limited, due to the presence of blind directions, to a maximum + or - 25 degrees, more particularly in the high half of the operating band. It is possible to solve this problem by modifying the surface currents flowing on the frame between the radiating elements.
  • the frame 10 may advantageously be made of a dielectric material and metallized over its entire external surface, with the exception of a ring-shaped slot engraved or machined on the front face of the frame in the interval between the mouth in the frame and the mesh of the network, as the slots 65 and 66.
  • the dielectric constant of the material constituting the frame may be close to those substrates on which are engraved the lower and upper blocks, such as for example the substrates which constitute the printed circuits 141 and 15.
  • a vertical interconnect access that is to say a pattern of metallized holes, can be achieved by following the conductive seal 68 inside the tiles, such as vias 67 and 69.
  • the vias may be of a diameter equal to the thickness of the conductive seal 68. The role of these vias is to restore the periodicity of the network in both planes at the frame and although the network consists of assembled tiles.
  • the substrate that carries the upper blocks is assembled with the frame by an insulating bonding as a bonding 70 so as not to short-circuit the slots, while using a conductive bonding as a bonding 71 for the other face of the frame.
  • Cavities are thus formed around each radiating element in the volume of the frame coupled to the outside by the ring slots.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Waveguide Aerials (AREA)
  • Variable-Direction Aerials And Aerial Arrays (AREA)

Claims (9)

  1. Antenne, die mehrere Fliesen (61, 62, 63, 64) umfasst, die eine Antennenebene bilden, wobei jede der Fliesen mehrere Strahlungselemente (20) umfasst, wobei jedes Strahlungselement eine obere metallische Plattierung (12) umfasst, die über einer unteren metallischen Plattierung (11) angeordnet ist, wobei die beiden Plattierungen durch eine sie elektrisch isolierende Schicht (16) getrennt sind, wobei die untere Plattierung (11) mit elektrischem Strom gespeist wird,
    wobei die Antenne dadurch gekennzeichnet ist, dass jedes Strahlungselement (20) einen leitenden Rahmen (10) umfasst, der parallel zur Antennenebene angeordnet ist und die beiden Plattierungen (11, 12) des Elements umrahmt, wobei die beiden Plattierungen elektromagnetisch durch die Öffnung des Rahmens gekoppelt sind, dessen Körper eine Rückseite mit kleinem Querschnitt S1 auf der Seite der unteren Plattierung (11) und eine Frontseite mit größerem Querschnitt S2 aufweist, wobei S2 größer ist als S1, wobei die Frontseite auf der Seite der oberen Plattierung (12) angeordnet ist, um den Abtastwinkelbereich eines Strahls in einer Ebene orthogonal zur Antennenebene zu vergrößern.
  2. Antenne nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass jedes Strahlungselement (20) parasitäre Elemente (121, 122, 123, 124) umfasst, die parallele Streifen an den Seiten der oberen Plattierung (12) bilden.
  3. Antenne nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die untere Plattierung (11) jedes Strahlungselements (20) durch eine Ader (13) einer Koaxialleitung mit elektrischem Strom versorgt wird, deren Abschirmung mit einer Ground-Plane (17) verbunden ist, die unter der unteren Plattierung der Seite gegenüber der oberen Plattierung (12) verbunden ist, wobei die Ader eine kapazitive Platte (19) umfasst, die zwischen der unteren Plattierung (11) und der Ground-Plane (17) angeordnet ist.
  4. Antenne nach Anspruch 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die untere Plattierung (11a) einen Satz (41a) von zwei entmetallisierten Schlitzen umfasst, wobei die Ader (13) mit der unteren Plattierung an einer Position (42a) verbunden ist, die auf einer Symmetrieachse der unteren Plattierung und am nächsten von einem seiner Ränder zentriert ist.
  5. Antenne nach Anspruch 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die untere Plattierung (11b) einen Satz (41b) von vier entmetallisierten Schlitzen umfasst, wobei die Ader (13) mit der unteren Plattierung an einer Position (42b) verbunden ist, die auf einer Symmetrieachse der unteren Plattierung zentriert ist, und wobei eine Ader einer zweiten Koaxialleitung mit der unteren Plattierung in einer Position (43b) verbunden ist, die auf der anderen Symmetrieachse der unteren Plattierung zentriert ist.
  6. Antenne nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Fliesen (61, 62, 63, 64) durch eine leitfähige Fuge (68) getrennt sind.
  7. Antenne nach Anspruch 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass sie ein metallisiertes Lochmuster (67, 69) umfasst, das im Innern der Fliesen der leitfähigen Fuge (68) folgend realisiert ist.
  8. Antenne nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Rahmen (10) aus einem metallisierten dielektrischen Material, das über die gesamte Außenfläche des Körpers des Rahmens metallisiert ist, besteht, mit Ausnahme eines Schlitzes (65), der auf der Frontseite des Rahmens angeordnet ist.
  9. Antenne nach Anspruch 8, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Schlitz (65) auf der Frontseite des Rahmens eine Ringform hat.
EP12726368.9A 2011-05-17 2012-05-15 Strahlerelement für eine aktive gruppenantenne aus elementarfliesen Active EP2710676B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR1101499A FR2975537B1 (fr) 2011-05-17 2011-05-17 Element rayonnant pour antenne reseau active constituee de tuiles elementaires
PCT/EP2012/059071 WO2012156424A1 (fr) 2011-05-17 2012-05-15 Element rayonnant pour antenne reseau active constituee de tuiles elementaires

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2710676A1 EP2710676A1 (de) 2014-03-26
EP2710676B1 true EP2710676B1 (de) 2015-01-14

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US (1) US9831566B2 (de)
EP (1) EP2710676B1 (de)
ES (1) ES2534737T3 (de)
FR (1) FR2975537B1 (de)
WO (1) WO2012156424A1 (de)

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US20180294567A1 (en) * 2017-04-06 2018-10-11 The Charles Stark Draper Laboratory, Inc. Patch antenna system with parasitic edge-aligned elements
US11233332B2 (en) * 2017-05-02 2022-01-25 Electronics And Telecommunications Research Institute Light absorber
US10886618B2 (en) * 2018-03-30 2021-01-05 Samsung Electro-Mechanics Co., Ltd. Antenna apparatus and antenna module
US11296415B2 (en) 2018-09-28 2022-04-05 Qualcomm Incorporated Multi-layer patch antenna
CN111063988A (zh) * 2019-10-31 2020-04-24 Oppo广东移动通信有限公司 天线模组及电子设备
JP7449137B2 (ja) 2020-03-25 2024-03-13 京セラ株式会社 アンテナ素子及びアレイアンテナ
CN111740234B (zh) * 2020-07-07 2021-07-09 中国科学院空天信息创新研究院 天线结构
US20220094061A1 (en) * 2020-09-24 2022-03-24 Apple Inc. Electronic Devices Having Co-Located Millimeter Wave Antennas
KR20230026039A (ko) * 2021-08-17 2023-02-24 삼성전기주식회사 안테나 장치
US11777218B2 (en) * 2021-12-27 2023-10-03 Google Llc Antenna design with structurally integrated composite antenna components

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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FR2975537B1 (fr) 2013-07-05
FR2975537A1 (fr) 2012-11-23
US9831566B2 (en) 2017-11-28
US20140104135A1 (en) 2014-04-17
WO2012156424A1 (fr) 2012-11-22
ES2534737T3 (es) 2015-04-27
EP2710676A1 (de) 2014-03-26

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