EP0630436A1 - Messerschild zum vortrieb von offenen gräben im boden. - Google Patents
Messerschild zum vortrieb von offenen gräben im boden.Info
- Publication number
- EP0630436A1 EP0630436A1 EP93906542A EP93906542A EP0630436A1 EP 0630436 A1 EP0630436 A1 EP 0630436A1 EP 93906542 A EP93906542 A EP 93906542A EP 93906542 A EP93906542 A EP 93906542A EP 0630436 A1 EP0630436 A1 EP 0630436A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- knife
- knives
- trench
- presses
- area
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 title description 12
- 238000009412 basement excavation Methods 0.000 description 9
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 description 7
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000005641 tunneling Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000002783 friction material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000007373 indentation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000006978 adaptation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011065 in-situ storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003993 interaction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000035515 penetration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001141 propulsive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002040 relaxant effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000006850 spacer group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 230000036346 tooth eruption Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000035899 viability Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21D—SHAFTS; TUNNELS; GALLERIES; LARGE UNDERGROUND CHAMBERS
- E21D9/00—Tunnels or galleries, with or without linings; Methods or apparatus for making thereof; Layout of tunnels or galleries
- E21D9/06—Making by using a driving shield, i.e. advanced by pushing means bearing against the already placed lining
- E21D9/0692—Cutter drive shields
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
- E02D17/00—Excavations; Bordering of excavations; Making embankments
- E02D17/06—Foundation trenches ditches or narrow shafts
- E02D17/08—Bordering or stiffening the sides of ditches trenches or narrow shafts for foundations
- E02D17/086—Travelling trench shores
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02F—DREDGING; SOIL-SHIFTING
- E02F5/00—Dredgers or soil-shifting machines for special purposes
- E02F5/02—Dredgers or soil-shifting machines for special purposes for digging trenches or ditches
- E02F5/10—Dredgers or soil-shifting machines for special purposes for digging trenches or ditches with arrangements for reinforcing trenches or ditches; with arrangements for making or assembling conduits or for laying conduits or cables
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02F—DREDGING; SOIL-SHIFTING
- E02F5/00—Dredgers or soil-shifting machines for special purposes
- E02F5/02—Dredgers or soil-shifting machines for special purposes for digging trenches or ditches
- E02F5/10—Dredgers or soil-shifting machines for special purposes for digging trenches or ditches with arrangements for reinforcing trenches or ditches; with arrangements for making or assembling conduits or for laying conduits or cables
- E02F5/101—Dredgers or soil-shifting machines for special purposes for digging trenches or ditches with arrangements for reinforcing trenches or ditches; with arrangements for making or assembling conduits or for laying conduits or cables forming during digging, e.g. underground canalisations or conduits, by bending or twisting a strip of pliable material; by extrusion
Definitions
- Knife shield for driving open trenches in the ground
- the invention relates to a knife shield for driving open trenches in the ground.
- DE-AS 25 23 340 discloses a sliding knife shoring for laying large pipes in an open construction in non-stable and conditionally stable floors.
- the knife construction consists of lateral knives securing the trench walls, which can be driven individually or in groups with the help of hydraulic presses according to the excavation in front of the head of the knife shoring.
- the bottom end of the knife shoring is formed by sole knives lying on the trench bottom, which essentially correspond to the knives lying on the side trench walls.
- the side knives are supported by a support frame.
- the skin friction of all knives forms the abutment of the knives driven with press cylinders.
- the support frame is advanced by retracting all the press cylinders as soon as a trench section is lifted.
- a tube bed is manufactured in the cage of the knife shed, in which tube pieces are inserted. The trench is then refilled and compacted.
- the known knife shoring can only be used for trenches with the same dimensions. There is a reuse of the knife shoring for trenches with other depths or widths only possible if complex changes are made to the support frame. As a rule, the support frames even have to be replaced entirely.
- the greatest disadvantage of the known knife shoring is that after all the knives have been advanced, the support frame must be tightened separately, which leads to a standstill when the knife shoring is being driven. Continuous advancement of the known knife shoring is therefore not possible.
- the support frames tilt very easily, which leads to difficulties in propulsion.
- the desired continuous advance is possible by pressing the individual pairs of knives one after the other * by a defined distance and at the same time carrying out the excavation before the head of the trench.
- the individual knives can be individually driven independently of one another.
- the knife shield is driven straight ahead, the two knives forming the pair of knives are driven simultaneously and by the same distance.
- the proposed knife shield also makes possible cornering (horizontal control), the knives forming the pair of knives are driven one after the other, but at least by different lengths.
- the proposed knife shield is particularly suitable for laying pipelines by using individual pipe pieces in its rear region, ie in the region of the knife tails, with the end region of the knife tails then again is filled with soil and compacted.
- a compressor can advantageously be arranged at the end of the knife shield and can thus be carried along continuously in the direction of advance.
- the remaining pairs of knives which are at a standstill, absorb the reaction force from the propulsion and transmit this friction to the adjacent soil of the trench.
- the respective supporting devices are relaxed or lifted off the trench bottom in order to facilitate the advancement of the corresponding pair of knives.
- the weight of the entire knife shield is then removed from the supports of the other pair of knives which are at a standstill.
- the knives arranged on the trench side walls are preferably formed in one piece and identically.
- the individual knives are subdivided into three areas, namely the so-called knife head, the knife tail and the knife body in between. However, it is also possible to assemble individual areas of each knife from individual pieces, for example to screw them together.
- each pair of knives are connected to one another via two cross supports.
- a pair of knives connected by two cross supports is called a shoring element.
- each framework or shoring element constitutes a horizontally arranged frame.
- the entire knife shield consists of several frames or shoring elements arranged one above the other, depending on the corresponding trench depth. If the knife shield is to be reused for a trench with different trench heights, only additional frameworks need to be arranged or omitted in a simple manner.
- the first cross support is preferably arranged in the area between the cutter head and the cutter body and the second cross support in the area between the cutter body and the cutter tail.
- the cross supports are preferably detachably connected to the knives, for example to facilitate their interchangeability and, above all, to allow space-saving folding when transporting the entire knife shield.
- the connection of the cross supports to the knife can preferably be done using screws.
- the transverse supports are expediently designed to be length-adjustable with respect to their longitudinal axis, in order to enable easy adaptation to a new width of the trench when the knife shield is used for other trenches.
- the length can be adjusted, for example, via integrated spindles or extendable supports or similar devices.
- the cross supports can be exchanged simply due to the detachable connection with the knives.
- Spacers are advantageously arranged between the knives arranged one above the other, which are connected to the underside of the upper knives facing the bottom of the trench and merely rest on the upper side of the adjacent lower knife facing away from the bottom of the trench.
- the spacing devices it is also possible to arrange the spacing devices in the reverse manner, so that the above The knife only rest on the spacing devices of the lower knife, which then extend upwards.
- the spacing devices expediently consist of webs or pins or similar suitable devices.
- Two pins are preferably provided per knife, the number of which can be increased as desired, depending on the length of the knife used in each case.
- two pins are arranged, they are preferably arranged on the one hand in the area between the cutter head and the cutter body and on the other hand in the area between the cutter body and the cutter tail.
- the length of the plucking is dimensioned such that the knives one above the other are spaced apart. When the individual knives are being driven, the friction between the neighboring knives is thus avoided. Friction between the knives only arises from the support of the spacing devices on the respectively adjacent knives, wherein measures to reduce friction, such as, for example, appropriately designed surfaces or the use of low-friction materials or coatings can be provided in a simple manner.
- guiding devices can be formed on the upper side of the knives facing away from the trench bottom, which cooperate with the spacing devices in such a way that the knives lying against a trench wall, arranged one above the other, advance essentially in a common vertical direction Level run.
- the proposed knife shield is preferably used for trenches whose side walls run in the vertical direction, a common vertical alignment of all the knives of one side wall is sought, which can be achieved with the proposed production device.
- the individual knives, in particular the knife body lying between the knife head and the knife tail, are preferably designed as double-T supports, one flange surface of which faces the trench side wall. This cross-sectional configuration selected for the knives enables on the one hand a light weight design of the knives with the required section modulus and on the other hand the formation of suitable guiding devices.
- the guide devices expediently consist of at least one wedge surface which is formed between the web of the double-T support and a flange half and which continuously reduces the distance between the opposite flange surfaces, as viewed in the opposite direction to the direction of advance. If necessary, several such guide devices can be formed on the respective knives. When a wedge surface is formed, it is preferably arranged in the front area of the knives.
- the guide device in the form of wedge surfaces interacts with the spacing device, for example in the form of the pins or webs. With increasing advance of the knives having the spacing device, in the maximum advance position they are forced by the wedge surfaces to assume the desired position.
- each knife has either the guiding or spacing device on the opposite outer surfaces of the webs, so the guiding and spacing device is not arranged on the same side of the webs of the knife designed as a double-T beam.
- the forced alignment of the individual knives results in the ultimately aimed, essentially vertical course of the knives lying one above the other on a trench side wall when all knives are driven.
- overlapping covers are preferably arranged on the surfaces of the knives facing the trench side wall. These covers are about the provided in whole or at least over a substantial part of the total length of the respective knives in order to Avoid breaking the soil from the trench side walls into the exposed trench, especially if the knives lying one above the other are arranged at a distance from one another.
- the feed presses can in particular be operated hydraulically.
- the feed presses can be actuated individually, in particular independently of one another, in the pushing and / or pulling direction, so that any knife can be driven individually or in pairs.
- the advance of the individual knives can be achieved either by retracting or extending the corresponding feed presses, it being understood that a further feed press arranged on the knife to be driven can either support the advance, but at least be pulled together or moved apart in order not to hinder the advance of the corresponding knife.
- the feed presses are advantageously arranged on the superimposed knives in the area between the knife head and the knife body of one knife and in the area between the knife body and the knife tail of the other knife, preferably between the front and rear cross supports.
- the knives of the last two pairs of knives which are arranged one above the other, are advantageously connected to one another via two feed presses in order to facilitate the advance of the respective knives.
- This is particularly advantageous if a clearing blade is arranged in the area of these two pairs of knives, which clears the trench bottom, as a result of which the forces to be overcome when driving the knives increase.
- the support devices expediently consist of hydraulically actuated presses which can be retracted if necessary in order to facilitate the advance of the knives lying on the presses.
- four presses are arranged on the two last pairs of knives closest to the trench bottom.
- two presses are expediently arranged in the area between the measuring head and the knife body and two presses in the area between the knife body and the knife tail.
- a symmetrical arrangement of the presses with respect to one another is also advantageous.
- the presses of the last pair of knives closest to the bottom of the trench are advantageous in the area of the knives, i.e. in the vicinity of the respective trench side walls.
- the presses of the penultimate pair of knives closest to the trench sole are arranged on the cross supports, preferably in the region of the connection of the cross support to the knives, or via angle pieces on the knives of the penultimate framework arranged to occupy the desired location next to the knives of the lowest framework.
- the presses arranged in the front area of the last and the penultimate pair of knives are extended or lowered differently with respect to the presses correspondingly arranged in the rear area retracted. The upward or downward movement can thus be carried out in a simple manner.
- the presses lying one behind the other in the direction of advance are preferably supported on a runner, the lower parts of which side rests on the bottom of the trench.
- the soil pressure can be reduced by the increased contact area, so that an excessively deep sinking of the support devices below the trench bottom level can be avoided.
- a clearing blade is advantageously arranged in the front area of the penultimate pair of knives closest to the trench bottom, the lower edge of which rests on the trench bottom.
- the clearing blade serves for leveling the trench base when the corresponding frame element is advanced.
- the level control of the dozer blade can be carried out using a laser and a target plate.
- the clearing blade is expediently designed to be height-adjustable in order to be able to be adapted to a changing trench bottom level.
- a trencher can be expediently arranged in the front area of the knife shield.
- the arrangement of a trencher is particularly expedient because the proposed blade shield eliminates downtimes and enables the blade shield to be driven continuously. It is advantageous if the movement of the knives is automated by the feed presses with a hydraulic sequential circuit. If no cornering is desired, the two knives of each frame work are simultaneously moved forward from above towards the bottom of the trench by the same distance, so that the individual frames are continuously moved forward in succession.
- the surface of the knife facing the trench side wall is bent in the end region of the knife head towards the center of the trench and a sliding part is arranged on the surface which runs obliquely towards the trench side wall and forms the tip of the knife head .
- the free end of the sliding part forms the tip of the cutter head. If the tip of the knife head lies on the same level as the area of the knife behind the retraction, this framework is caused to drive straight ahead when a pair of knives are being driven. If, on the other hand, the free end of the sliding part is moved away towards the middle of the trench, this knife moves laterally towards the middle of the trench. It goes without saying that, in the opposite knife of the same framework, the free end of the sliding part is shifted in the opposite direction beyond the total level of the area of the knife behind the retraction to the side wall of the trench in order to achieve the desired horizontal movement of the ent to support the speaking framework.
- the free end of the sliding part advantageously has teeth in order to facilitate the advance of the respective knife.
- the adjustment or displacement of the displacement part is preferably made possible by a controllable adjusting device arranged between the knife and the sliding part, the respective adjusting devices of the individual knives being operable and dependent on one another.
- lowering devices are arranged on the undersides of the knives of the last pair of knives closest to the bottom of the trench, which facilitate the sinking of the knife shield in the event that, instead of a separate construction pit, which is manufactured with the required dimensions before the knife shield is inserted the lowering process is to be used.
- the lowering device preferably consists of cutting edges.
- the cross section of the cutting edges preferably has essentially the shape of a right-angled triangle, a tip of this triangle being directed towards the bottom of the trench in order to support the penetration of the entire knife blade as the excavation progresses into the excavation pit.
- the tip of this triangle forms the cutting edge, which can in particular be provided with individual, spaced-apart cutting teeth.
- FIG. 1 shows a cross section in the longitudinal direction through a preferred embodiment of a knife shield according to the invention
- FIG. 2 shows a schematic top view of the knife shield according to FIG. 1
- FIGS. 1 and 2 show a cross section in the transverse direction through the knife shield according to FIGS. 1 and 2,
- FIG. 7 shows a step along the line II from FIG. 6, 8 shows a top view of the cutter head of an individual cutter, showing a sliding part,
- FIG. 10 is a view along the line II-II of FIG. 9.
- FIGS. 1 to 10 schematically show a preferred embodiment of the knife shield according to the invention along with a few variants.
- the basic structure of the knife shield is first explained with reference to FIGS. 1 to 3, which show a cross section in the longitudinal direction and transverse direction and a plan view of the knife shield, arrow A indicating the direction of advance.
- sections of trenches can be exposed, in particular for laying pipes, in-situ concrete channels or lines.
- a trench section with trench side walls 2 which extend essentially in the vertical direction and a trench bottom 4 which extends essentially horizontally. Knives 6 arranged one above the other are formed. Knives 6 lying opposite one another are referred to as pairs of knives 6.
- transverse supports 8 are arranged in the space between them, which are arranged on the sides of the knives 6 pointing towards the center of the trench.
- the cross supports 8 are firmly connected to the knives 6, for example by means of screws, but this connection can be released.
- each pair of knives 6 are spaced apart, preferably in the front or rear Area of the knives 6 arranged cross supports 8 are provided.
- a pair of knives 6 together with the cross supports 8 connected to them is referred to as a framework or shoring element.
- the knives 6 consist of three areas, namely the knife head 10, the knife tail 12 and the knife body 14 lying therebetween.
- the knives 6 can be constructed in one piece or in sections from individual parts.
- the knives 6 of each framework which are one above the other, are formed at a distance from one another.
- the individual knives 6 of the knife shield are basically of the same design. Their length is, however, different, whereby opposing knives 6 of a shoring element are also identical in terms of their length.
- the lowest knives 6 of the lowest framework, which are closest to the trench bottom 4, are of the shortest design, while the knives 6 above are each designed a little longer.
- the end of all the knives 6 is arranged in a common, essentially vertically extending plane, which also applies to the transverse support 8 arranged in the rear region of the knife shield. Stair-shaped arrangements in the rear area are also possible.
- the different lengths of the knives 6 lying one above the other result in an oblique course at the front end of the knife shield, which essentially corresponds to the angle of repose which arises in the excavation area.
- the free ends of the knives 6, seen from the side are inclined, the free ends of all cutter heads 10 lie essentially in one plane. Stepping is also possible here.
- the front cross supports 8 are arranged correspondingly offset.
- the area resulting between the free end of the cutter heads 10 and the respective cross supports 8 represents a cantilever arm, wherein due to the offset arrangement of the cross supports 8, the cantilever arms of all knives 6 are of approximately the same length.
- the cross supports 8 are designed to be variable in length with respect to their longitudinal axis. If a substantially wider or narrower trench is to be created the next time it is reused, the cross supports 8 can be replaced in a simple manner on account of their detachable connection with the knives 6.
- the individual knives 6 or frameworks are guided in the vertical direction by spacing devices in the form of pins 28 arranged on the underside of the knives 6 facing the trench bottom 4.
- the pins 28 are fixedly arranged and support on the underside of the knives 6 only on the underlying upper side of the underlying knife 6, facing the grave base 4, are therefore not firmly connected to the latter.
- the knives 6 are preferably identical and at least in the area of the knife body 14 are designed as double-T supports, a flange surface facing the respective grave side wall 2, the flanges in cross section thus extending essentially in the vertical direction, whereas between the flanges sensitive web, seen in cross section, extends substantially in the horizontal direction.
- covers 18 are provided on the flange surfaces facing the trench side walls 2, which also overlap one another can.
- the covers 18 can consist of metal plates that are thin in cross-section and preferably extend over the entire length, but at least over the length of the knife body 10 and part of the adjoining knife tail 12.
- the knives 6 lying one above the other are each connected to one another via at least one feed press 20 (FIG. 1).
- the arrangement of a feed press 20 between the superimposed knives 6 is sufficient.
- two feed presses 20 are located on each of the respective knives 6 of the front ⁇ last framework arranged in order to be able to more easily overcome the additional frictional forces which occur due to the leveling plate 22 leveling the pit sole 4.
- the knife shield is supported on the trench bottom 4 by means of support devices in the form of, in particular, hydraulically actuated supporting presses or presses 24.
- the last two pairs of knives 6 facing the trench bottom 4 each have four such presses 24.
- the presses 24 are arranged in the last pair of knives 6 closest to the trench bottom in the area of the knives 6, so that each of these knives 6 is supported by two presses 24.
- the presses 24 are arranged on the cross supports 8, preferably in the region of the connection of the cross support 8 to the knives 6.
- the presses 24 are for the better Distribution of the pressure not directly on the trench bottom 4, but on runners 26, each pair of presses 24 lying one behind the other, as seen in the driving direction, stands on a respective runners 26.
- the length of the runner 26 results from the spacing of the presses 24 arranged one behind the other plus a protrusion in the drive direction and counter to the drive direction.
- the clearing blade 22 is arranged, which is preferably designed to be height-adjustable.
- the five feed presses 20 shown in FIG. 1 are additionally designated with the letters A to E. It goes without saying that these feed presses 20 are also arranged in the opposite knives 6 in the same way as is indicated in FIG. 2.
- the uppermost pair of knives 6, the so-called uppermost framework is started first, which is the farthest from the trench bottom 4.
- the opposing feed presses 20 of each framework are extended or retracted simultaneously and by the same length.
- the uppermost framework is driven by means of the presses 20A, the piston rods of which are attached to the uppermost framework and the cylinder tubes of which are attached to the framework below, in that the piston rods are extended.
- the driving of the framework located underneath the uppermost framework and the middle framework takes place analogously to the advancement of the uppermost framework, whereby the upper feed presses 20, which are in the extended state, are inoperative or can be retracted under pressure and during propulsion, sometimes below ⁇ horizontal framework can thus be inserted or retracted.
- the upper feed presses 20 which are in the extended state, are inoperative or can be retracted under pressure and during propulsion, sometimes below ⁇ horizontal framework can thus be inserted or retracted.
- the penultimate framework closest to the trench sole 4 Before the penultimate framework closest to the trench sole 4 is driven, its runners 26 are lifted off the trench sole 4 or at least by one by retracting or relieving the corresponding presses 24 Part of the dead weight of the knife shield is relieved. The entire dead weight of the knife shield is then removed by the presses 24 or runners 26 of the last framework closest to the trench bottom 4.
- the piston rod of the feed presses 20D is on the penultimate framework, the cylinder tube of which is attached to the last framework.
- the feed press 20E is in the extended state, the cylinder of which is attached to the penultimate framework and the piston rod of which is attached to the last framework.
- the piston rods of the feed presses 20D extend, the piston rods of the feed presses 20E being retracted at the same time. After the penultimate framework has been driven, the presses 24 and the associated runners 26 are extended again.
- the control of the knife shields in the vertical direction takes place during lifting by extending the front ones, seen in the direction of advance Presses 24 of the penultimate and last framework. This will raise the entire knife shield at the front.
- the upward movement of the knife shield can be supported by simultaneously retracting or relaxing the rear presses 24 of the penultimate and last framework. If, on the other hand, the knife shield is to be steered downwards, ie in the direction of the trench sole 4, the front presses 24 of the penultimate and last framework are relaxed or slightly lowered. Under the influence of its own weight, the entire knife shield then moves downward during further advance.
- the downward movement of the knife shield can in turn be supported in that the rear presses 24 of the penultimate and last framework are extended or extended under increased pressure.
- the horizontal control of the knife shield i.e. propulsion deviating from the straight-ahead drive to the right or left, that is to say for cornering, can be achieved by an uneven drive of the knives 6 of each individual frame, starting with the uppermost frame structure facing away from the trench bottom 4.
- only the corresponding feed presses 20 have to be extended to different extents, so that the corresponding framework experiences a directional deviation. Should e.g. If a right-hand bend is made, the feed press 20 on the left in the direction of advance is extended correspondingly more than the right feed press 20 on the opposite side.
- the horizontal control movement is supported by an appropriate design of the cutter heads 10, as will be seen later with reference to FIG. 8 is explained.
- the advance of the individual frameworks with the aid of the feed press 20 can be automated with a hydraulic sequential circuit so that a continuous advance of the entire knife blade is made possible. Since there is thus no downtime during the advance of the knife shield, the front of the proposed knife shield can be used Area for excavating the trench a continuously working trencher can be used instead of excavating with a separate device, for example an excavator arranged in front of the trench.
- Fig. 4 a variant is shown in the arrangement of the feed presses 20, here the superimposed knife 6 of each framework are connected to each other via a pre-press 20 each.
- the feed press 20 connecting the penultimate and the last frame must be operable in both directions, i.e. , extendable with pressure and correspondingly retractable. If one assumes 100% for the compressive force of a feed press, its tensile force is, however, because of the smaller ring area compared to its piston surface, only approx. 50% of its compressive force.
- FIG. 4 a variant is shown in the arrangement of the feed presses 20, here the superimposed knife 6 of each framework are connected to each other via a pre-press 20 each.
- the lowermost feed press 20 for driving the penultimate knife 6 or frame in relation to the trench bottom 4 must be drawn in, so that subsequently only 50% of the pressure force is available for this, unless that the feed press 20 located above is also drawn in.
- this reduced pressure force may not be sufficient for propulsion, since in addition to the penultimate framework, the blade 22 must also be driven. It may therefore be necessary, for example, as shown in FIGS. 1 to 3, to arrange an arrangement of two feed presses 20, namely the feed presses 20D and 20E, between the penultimate and last framework, which then together extend or retract the penultimate one Promote the framework.
- Fig. 5 shows a further variant of the arrangement of pre-presses 20 in a likewise of five frameworks existing knife shield.
- the top two and the bottom two frameworks or knives 6 are connected to one another via two feed presses 20, one feed press 20 being in the retracted state and the other feed press 20 being in the extended state.
- the other frameworks or knives 6 are connected to one another via a feed press 20. If the compressive force of a feed press 20 is again assumed to be 100%, then in the arrangement according to FIG. 5 each framework can be driven with a propulsive force of 150% of the compressive force of each feed press 20.
- the feed presses 20 shown in FIG. 5 are arranged in an identical manner on the opposite knives 6 on the opposite, not shown side of the knife shield. 5, 20 (100%) can be exerted with a feed press, while 20 (50%) can be exerted with the corresponding other feed press.
- FIG. 6 and 7 show the arrangement of spacing and guiding devices between knives 6 arranged one above the other.
- FIG. 6 shows a cross section in the transverse direction through two knives 6 arranged one above the other, while FIG. 7 shows a section along the Line II of Fig. 6 represents.
- the spacing device is designed in the form of the pin 28.
- the pin 28 is fixedly arranged on the underside of the upper knife 6, for example welded on, while it merely rests on the upper side of the lower knife 6.
- the length of the pin 28 is dimensioned such that the desired distance between the knives 6 results, in particular taking into account the maximum permitted distance between the covers 18 placed on the knives 6 on the trench side wall 2 (not shown), for example here not overlapping are formed, but have a small distance or gap from one another, the size of which is dimensioned such that as little soil as possible can fall from the trench side walls between the covers 18 into the interior of the knife shield.
- two such pins 28 are preferably arranged.
- the free end of the pin 28 can be coated, for example, with a particularly low-friction material.
- guide devices in the form of wedges 30 are arranged, which are connected to the pins 28 work together.
- the knives 6 are designed in cross-section as double T-beams, so that the pins 28 are arranged on the opposing web surfaces of the respective knives 6.
- the wedges 30 are formed on the upper side of the knives 6 between the web of the double-T support and a flange half and, viewed against the direction of advance (arrow A), continuously reduce the distance between the opposite flange surfaces.
- the wedges 30 run over at their free end into an area which no longer continuously reduces the distance between the flanges but constricts uniformly over a certain distance. In this area the pin 28 of the knife 6 lying above it will be arranged when it is in front of the next advance.
- the driving of the uppermost framework is first started, the knives 6 of which are, for example, driven to different extents.
- the horizontal movement of the uppermost frame or its knife 6, ie the deviation to the right or left, is not hindered by the formation of the wedge surfaces or the wedges 30, since these, seen in the direction of advance, taper and thus the distance between widen the opposite flanges.
- each pin 28 there is a wedge 30, the height of which preferably corresponds to half the height of the flange of the knife 6.
- the pins 28 support the individual frameworks with one another, so that ultimately the dead weight of the knife shield can be introduced into the runners 26 via the pins 28.
- the relative movement of the individual frameworks in the horizontal direction possible by the propulsion is thus limited by the interaction between the wedges 30 or their wedge surfaces and the pins 28 to such an extent that the individual frameworks are approximately perpendicular to one another after the propulsion cycle has ended.
- FIG. 8 shows a top view of the end region of a knife 6 or its knife head 10.
- the knife shield according to the invention preferably has knives 6, the knife heads 10 of which are designed in an identical manner according to FIG. 8.
- the tip of the cutter head 10 is not only reached by a beveling of the end area of the surface pointing towards the center of the cutter shield. Rather, the cutter head 10 initially has a slide part 32, the free end of which forms the tip of the cutter head 10.
- the longitudinal axis of the displacement part 32 points obliquely to the trench side wall 2, not shown, and is in particular essentially parallel to the oblique design of the surface of the end region of the cutter head 10 pointing towards the center of the trench.
- the sliding part 32 is guided in the end region of the cutter head 10 and can be moved via an adjusting device 34 arranged on the free end of the sliding part 32 facing away from the trench side wall 2.
- the adjustment device 34 can consist, for example, of a spindle or the like, the adjustment of the displacement part 32 preferably being controllable automatically.
- the free end of the sliding part 32 facing the trench side wall 2 preferably has teeth in order to facilitate the advance of the corresponding knife 6.
- the surface of the knife 6 facing the trench side wall 2 is bent in the end region of the knife head 10 towards the middle of the trench, as a result of which a type of indentation 36 is formed.
- the free end of the retraction merges into the sliding part 32 and is in particular spaced appropriately from the trench side wall 2.
- the sliding part 32 supports the horizontal control of the knife shield, which, however, can in principle take place via a different propulsion of the knives 6 of each framework. If the knife 6 according to FIG. 8 is intended to support a movement of the corresponding framework to the right, ie downwards in FIG. 8, the displacement part 32 is pushed back by the adjusting device 34, ie is moved away from the trench side wall 2 towards the middle of the trench. The recess 36 formed on the outside of the knife 6 deflects the knife head 10 and thus the entire knife 6 in the desired direction. If, on the other hand, the knife is to be controlled in the opposite direction, ie the corresponding framework to the left or upwards with respect to FIG.
- the sliding part 32 is pushed outwards, ie towards the side wall 2 of the trench, so that the tip of the sliding part 32 is over the recess 36 adjoining surface of the knife 6 protrudes into the trench side wall 2 or protrudes.
- the tip of the sliding part 32 thus cuts a corresponding over-profile into which the cutter head 10 can move in order to constrain or support the desired change in direction.
- the sliding part 32 is bent in its end region towards the direction of advance, so that a certain area of the free area of the sliding part 32 bears against the trench side wall 2. This surface is designed to support the most precise possible straight-ahead travel when driving the knife shield, parallel to the surface of the knives 6 adjoining the indentation 36 and abutting the trench side wall 2.
- FIG. 9 finally shows a lowering device for the lowering process of the knife shield at the start of its installation in a trench to be created in the form of a cross section in the transverse direction through the penultimate and last framework of the knife shield according to the invention.
- the design of the free end of this lowering device facing the trench bottom 4 is shown in FIG. 10.
- a lowering device is arranged if no separate excavation pit with the required dimensions has been created beforehand, in which the individual frameworks can then be assembled. In this case, the so-called lowering process is used.
- some frameworks, consisting of the knives 6 and the cross supports 8 connecting them, are placed one above the other, the lowest framework - as shown in FIG. 9 - being provided with longitudinal cutting edges 38.
- the cutting edges 38 preferably extend over the entire length of the two knives 6 of the lowest framework, but at least over a substantial part of their entire length.
- the cutting edges 38 are each detachably arranged on the undersides of the two knives 6 of the last framework.
- Its cross section is preferably in the form of a right-angled triangle, wherein a tip of this triangle is pointing towards the grave base 4, not shown.
- the right angle between the trench side wall 2, not shown, and the underside of the corresponding knife 6 will be arranged.
- the downward-pointing angle of the triangular cross section of the cutting edges 38 represents the cutting edge, which can be straight or, as shown in FIG. 10, can also be tooth-shaped, that is to say it has free-standing teeth 40 spaced apart from one another.
- the knife shield lowers as the excavation progresses into the excavation pit. This lowering movement can be supported by a reciprocating movement of the corresponding feed cylinders 20 between the penultimate and last framework. As soon as the desired position of the knife shield is seen, the cutting edges 38 are loosened and removed from the construction pit, the presses 24 then being installed together with the runners 26 on the undersides of the knives 6 of the last framework facing the trench bottom 4. The corresponding presses 24 and runners 26 of the penultimate framework can then be arranged on its cross supports 8.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
- Civil Engineering (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Geology (AREA)
- Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Paleontology (AREA)
- Excavating Of Shafts Or Tunnels (AREA)
- Sewage (AREA)
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE4208972 | 1992-03-19 | ||
DE19924208972 DE4208972C1 (de) | 1992-03-19 | 1992-03-19 | Messerschild zum Vortrieb von offenen Gräben im Boden |
PCT/EP1993/000645 WO1993019253A1 (de) | 1992-03-19 | 1993-03-18 | Messerschild zum vortrieb von offenen gräben im boden |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0630436A1 true EP0630436A1 (de) | 1994-12-28 |
EP0630436B1 EP0630436B1 (de) | 1997-08-27 |
Family
ID=6454538
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP93906542A Expired - Lifetime EP0630436B1 (de) | 1992-03-19 | 1993-03-18 | Messerschild zum vortrieb von offenen gräben im boden |
Country Status (4)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP0630436B1 (de) |
DE (1) | DE4208972C1 (de) |
ES (1) | ES2108268T3 (de) |
WO (1) | WO1993019253A1 (de) |
Families Citing this family (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE9308555U1 (de) * | 1993-06-08 | 1993-09-16 | Matthäi-Bauunternehmen GmbH & Co. Betriebs-KG, 27283 Verden | Vorrichtung zum Austausch von Bodenmaterial, insbesondere neben Verkehrswegen und Bauwerken |
EP0667419A1 (de) * | 1994-02-09 | 1995-08-16 | Heinz Brecht | Grabenfertiger |
FR2722220B1 (fr) * | 1994-07-08 | 1996-08-23 | Gec Alsthom T & D Sa | Dispositif de soutenement d'une tranchee creussee en continu |
DE19737003A1 (de) * | 1997-08-26 | 1999-03-04 | Weiss Gmbh & Co Leonhard | Selbsttätig fortschreitende Grabenaushubeinrichtung mit Messerschilden |
KR20040079350A (ko) * | 2004-07-28 | 2004-09-14 | 주식회사 한유건설 | 건설 구조물용 스크류잭 |
Family Cites Families (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE577108C (de) * | 1933-05-23 | Bauschaefer Akt Ges Fuer Bergm | Aus einzelnen Vortriebsmessern bestehender Vortriebsschild fuer den Tunnel- oder Stollenvortrieb | |
DE2135577C3 (de) * | 1971-07-16 | 1975-01-30 | Heinz 7526 Rheinsheim Brecht | Verbaukorb zum kontinuierlich fortschreitenden Verbau eines Kanalgrabens |
DE2523340C3 (de) * | 1975-05-27 | 1981-01-08 | Gewerkschaft Eisenhuette Westfalia, 4670 Luenen | Vorrichtung zum Verlegen eines Rohrstranges in einem Graben |
DE2706243A1 (de) * | 1977-02-15 | 1978-08-17 | Gewerk Eisenhuette Westfalia | Messerschild, insbesondere fuer den offenen grabenverbau |
DE3134071A1 (de) * | 1981-08-28 | 1983-03-10 | Gewerkschaft Eisenhütte Westfalia, 4670 Lünen | Gleitender messerverbau fuer den grabenvortrieb zur durchfuehrung von rohrverlegearbeiten im erdreich |
DE3363513D1 (en) * | 1982-09-17 | 1986-06-19 | Heinz Brecht | Shoring apparatus for the shoring of trenches |
DE3443282A1 (de) * | 1984-11-28 | 1986-05-28 | Gewerkschaft Eisenhütte Westfalia, 4670 Lünen | Gleitender messerverbau fuer den leitungsgrabenbau |
-
1992
- 1992-03-19 DE DE19924208972 patent/DE4208972C1/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
1993
- 1993-03-18 ES ES93906542T patent/ES2108268T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1993-03-18 EP EP93906542A patent/EP0630436B1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1993-03-18 WO PCT/EP1993/000645 patent/WO1993019253A1/de active IP Right Grant
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
---|
See references of WO9319253A1 * |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
ES2108268T3 (es) | 1997-12-16 |
WO1993019253A1 (de) | 1993-09-30 |
DE4208972C1 (de) | 1993-12-02 |
EP0630436B1 (de) | 1997-08-27 |
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