EP0346661B1 - Chopping and shredding machine - Google Patents

Chopping and shredding machine Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0346661B1
EP0346661B1 EP89109377A EP89109377A EP0346661B1 EP 0346661 B1 EP0346661 B1 EP 0346661B1 EP 89109377 A EP89109377 A EP 89109377A EP 89109377 A EP89109377 A EP 89109377A EP 0346661 B1 EP0346661 B1 EP 0346661B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
chopping
shredding machine
machine according
shredding
blades
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP89109377A
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German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0346661A3 (en
EP0346661A2 (en
Inventor
Heinrich Lechner
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Viking-Umwelttechnik GmbH
Original Assignee
Viking-Umwelttechnik GmbH
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Publication date
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Priority to EP93101558A priority Critical patent/EP0551143B1/en
Publication of EP0346661A2 publication Critical patent/EP0346661A2/en
Publication of EP0346661A3 publication Critical patent/EP0346661A3/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0346661B1 publication Critical patent/EP0346661B1/en
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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B02—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
    • B02C—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
    • B02C18/00—Disintegrating by knives or other cutting or tearing members which chop material into fragments
    • B02C18/06—Disintegrating by knives or other cutting or tearing members which chop material into fragments with rotating knives
    • B02C18/16—Details
    • B02C18/22—Feed or discharge means
    • B02C18/2225—Feed means
    • B02C18/2291—Feed chute arrangements
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B02—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
    • B02C—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
    • B02C18/00—Disintegrating by knives or other cutting or tearing members which chop material into fragments
    • B02C18/06—Disintegrating by knives or other cutting or tearing members which chop material into fragments with rotating knives
    • B02C18/08—Disintegrating by knives or other cutting or tearing members which chop material into fragments with rotating knives within vertical containers
    • B02C18/12—Disintegrating by knives or other cutting or tearing members which chop material into fragments with rotating knives within vertical containers with drive arranged below container
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B02—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING; PREPARATORY TREATMENT OF GRAIN FOR MILLING
    • B02C—CRUSHING, PULVERISING, OR DISINTEGRATING IN GENERAL; MILLING GRAIN
    • B02C2201/00—Codes relating to disintegrating devices adapted for specific materials
    • B02C2201/06—Codes relating to disintegrating devices adapted for specific materials for garbage, waste or sewage
    • B02C2201/066—Codes relating to disintegrating devices adapted for specific materials for garbage, waste or sewage for garden waste

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a chopping and shredding machine, in particular for use in the garden for shredding material intended for composting.
  • choppers for garden waste and the like are described with a loading container, at the lower end of which at least one rotating knife device is arranged, which counteracts the risk of rotation of the comminuted material in the loading container, which impairs the cutting process, that guidance of the goods to be reduced in the conveying direction to the knife device is already achieved in the feed container above the knife device.
  • the present invention provides a chopping and shredding machine which has essentially no additional parts compared to a simple chopping or shredding machine and is therefore not larger or heavier than such a machine.
  • knife systems are provided to solve this problem, which have sharp cutting knives in one running direction and blunt knives in the other running direction.
  • the drive direction must be reversed. You then have one direction of operation for the schnitzel and the other direction for chopping.
  • a feed hopper for thick and round materials which is angled in the feed path, can be provided in machines for both operating modes, with a small part of the working chamber of the machine overlapping with the inlet opening of the feed hopper in such a way that a straight feed path with a small cross section is located at this point for branches or similar bulky material.
  • FIGS. 1 to 3 A chopping and shredding machine 10 according to the invention is shown in FIGS. 1 to 3. It consists of a cylindrical crushing chamber 12 in which a set of knives 14 is attached directly above the bottom of the chamber to a shaft 16 which passes through the bottom of the chamber passes through, and there is connected to a drive motor 18.
  • the drive motor 18 is an electric motor, since the direction of rotation is easier to switch.
  • An electrical switching device is attached to the motor, which has the usual on and off switch with safety shutdown when the comminution chamber is opened. It is designated here by reference numeral 20 and additionally contains a switch for reversing the direction of rotation of the drive motor 18.
  • the machine can also be driven by an internal combustion engine. Then a reversing gear would have to be provided instead of the switching device.
  • the entire chopping and shredding machine is attached to a normal chassis 22, as is customary for such machines.
  • the comminution chamber 12 On the side opposite the electrical switching device 20, the comminution chamber 12 has an opening directly above the floor through which the comminuted material enters the outlet funnel 24, which is inclined downwards and via which it leaves the machine.
  • the width of the opening and the outlet funnel corresponds to the width of the comminution chamber 12.
  • the receiving funnel 26 is located on the comminution chamber, which is open at the top. This extends on the side of the electrical switching device approximately by the diameter of the comminution chamber 12 beyond the comminution chamber.
  • the receiving funnel is essentially open at the top in the region extending beyond the comminution chamber 12, while it is almost completely closed above the comminution chamber.
  • the receiving funnel 26 forms a receiving opening 28 through which the material to be comminuted can be fed.
  • the funnel has two openings to the comminution chamber. A small opening 30 is located in the area in which the receiving opening 28 overlaps with the comminution chamber 12 when viewed from above.
  • This opening 30 can be provided with a non-return flap 32, through which the comminuted material can be prevented from being thrown out through this opening.
  • a guide plate 34 is provided at the small opening 30, which protrudes into the comminution chamber 12 in such a way that a guide channel for guiding the material to be comminuted through the opening 30 is formed through this plate and the wall of the comminution chamber 12.
  • the opening has the shape of a ring segment, the inner radius of the ring being larger than the radius that the pre-shredder (40) sweeps.
  • the guide plate (34) is fastened to the inner edge of the opening. It therefore has the shape of a segment of a circle.
  • the receiving funnel 26 has a further larger opening 36 in the direction of the comminution chamber 12.
  • This opening 36 is also closed with a non-return flap 38 in order to prevent comminuted material from being thrown out. It is at right angles to the direction of entry of the receiving opening 28 and thus forms a twice angled passage into the comminution chamber. According to the safety standards, a passage of 250 mm is provided for this opening.
  • the knife set 14 consists of a pre-shredder 40 rotating above the opening of the outlet funnel 24 and a shredding disk 42 which is attached at the level of the opening of the outlet funnel 24.
  • the entire set of knives 14 rotates about the central axis of the cylindrical shape of the comminution chamber 12.
  • the pre-shredder 40 is only used in the chop operation. It consists of a metal strip bent open in the end sections. The two working edges 44 of the pre-shredder are at the top right and bottom left. The end sections of the pre-shredder are chamfered on the back to create a clearance angle for the working edges.
  • the shredding disk 42 has two slots 46, which are each provided for the passage of the shredded material, and each of a knife on one side.
  • An impact knife 48 of the shredding disk 42 is fastened in such a way that it acts counterclockwise when viewed in a direction of rotation from above.
  • a cutting knife 50 is attached so that it comes into effect in the reverse direction of rotation. Then at the bottom of the shredding disk 42 are still cleaning plates 54 which extend almost to the bottom of the shredding chamber 12.
  • the comminution chamber 12 also contains a wedge 52 mounted above the comminution disk.
  • the position of this wedge 52 is indicated by a chain line in FIG. 1, since the position of this wedge would normally not be discernible in the section of FIG. 1, since it is on the cut-away side belongs.
  • the wedge has an edge which extends radially to the comminution disk 42 and runs vertically up to the upper edge of the comminution chamber 12. This edge has the same width over the entire course. On the side opposite the edge, the wedge runs at an acute angle along the curved wall of the comminution chamber 12.
  • the wedge 52 is increasingly shortened towards the top, so that the wedge angle becomes increasingly blunt towards the top.
  • chopping and shredding A distinction must be made between two operating modes, namely chopping and shredding.
  • the knife set 14 runs counterclockwise when viewed from above in accordance with the arrow denoted by H in FIG. 2.
  • the material to be chopped is filled by an operator through the receiving opening 28 of the receiving funnel 26. It goes through the openings 30 and 36 into the shredding chamber 12. Very large pieces such as cabbage heads, beets and the like naturally only go through the opening 36.
  • the material to be shredded is first captured by the pre-shredder 40.
  • the wedge 52 has the effect that the material in the comminution chamber not only rotates at the rotational speed of the knife set, but also receives a lateral movement relative to the knives, since the wedge 52 presses the material to be exchanged against the pre-shredder 40.
  • the pre-comminuted material then passes through the slots 46 under the comminution disk 42. In the process, it is further comminuted by the impact knife 48. Finally, the comminuted material is removed by the clearing plates 54 conveyed into the outlet funnel 24 and leaves the machine through this.
  • the schnitzel operation is used to shred bulky, woody goods, such as Tree branches and the like.
  • the knife set 14 rotates clockwise according to the arrow labeled S in FIG. 2. Since the bulky material cannot enter through the multiple angled feed opening 36, it is only through the straight passage through the receiving opening 28 that the small one Opening 30 and the guide channel formed by the guide plate 34 is limited supplied. As a result, the bulky material passes the pre-shredder directly to the shredding disk 42.
  • the cutting knife 50 of the shredding disk 42 comes into effect in the direction of rotation for the shredding operation. It cooperates in a particularly advantageous manner with the radial edge of the wedge 52.
  • a knife bar or a polygonal plate for example in a triangular shape, can also be used.
  • the percussion and cutting knives must then also be attached to these knife carriers in the associated direction of rotation.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Food Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Crushing And Pulverization Processes (AREA)
  • Disintegrating Or Milling (AREA)
  • Control And Other Processes For Unpacking Of Materials (AREA)
  • Electrical Discharge Machining, Electrochemical Machining, And Combined Machining (AREA)
  • Threshing Machine Elements (AREA)
  • Medicines Containing Plant Substances (AREA)

Abstract

A chopping and shredding machine with comminution chamber has a feed funnel (26) with a receptacle opening (28) which is offset laterally with respect to the comminution chamber (12). <IMAGE>

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft eine Häcksel- und Schnitzelmaschine, insbesondere Zur Anwendung im Garten Zur Zerkleinerung von Zur Kompostierung vorgesehenem Material.The invention relates to a chopping and shredding machine, in particular for use in the garden for shredding material intended for composting.

Bei der Entwicklung einer Maschine zum Zerkleinern von Gartenabfallen, die zur Kompostierung vorgesehen sind, stellt sich das Problem, daß die zu zerkleinernden Stoffe von sehr unterschiedlicher Beschaffenheit sind. Einerseits sollen Holzabfälle wie Z.B. Äste zerkleinert werden können. Hierzu wäre an sich eine Schnitzelmaschine erforderlich, die mit einem sehr scharfen Schneidewerkzeug die Holzteile, die dabei möglichst noch an einer Fläche gegengelagert werden, in Stücke schneidet. Gleichzeitig sollen aber mit der Häcksel- und Schnitzelmaschine auch Stoffe wie z.B. Laub, Falläpfel, Rüben und ähnliches zerkleinert werden, die eine eher weiche Beschaffenheit aufweisen, und gehäckselt werden müssen. Dabei stellt sich das weitere Problem, das diese letzteren Stoffe häufig mit Sand, Steinchen oder Erde verunreinigt sind. Diese Verunreinigungen würden bei Verwendung einer normalen Schnitzelmaschine sehr schnell zum Stumpfwerden der für die Holzverarbeitung erforderlichen Schneidemesser fuhren. Andererseits sind gleichzeitig für eine optimale Verhäckselung stumpfe Schlagmesser besser geeignet als scharfe Schneidemesser.When developing a machine for shredding garden waste which is intended for composting, the problem arises that the materials to be shredded are of very different properties. On the one hand, wood waste such as branches should be able to be shredded. This would require a shredding machine per se, which cuts the wooden parts into pieces using a very sharp cutting tool, which if possible are still supported on one surface. At the same time, however, materials such as leaves, fall apples, beets and the like, which have a rather soft texture, should also be shredded with the chopper and schnitzel machine and must be chopped. This poses the further problem that these latter substances are often contaminated with sand, stones or earth. These contaminants would very quickly cause the cutting knives required for wood processing to become blunt when using a normal wood chip machine. On the other hand, blunt knives are more suitable than sharp cutting knives for optimal chopping.

Zur Lösung dieser Aufgabe wurde zwar schon eine Art Zweikammernsystem vorgeschlagen, bei dem eine obere Kammer mit großem Einlaß für die Verarbeitung der weichen und eventuell mit Erde, Sand oder Steinen verschmutzten Gartenabfälle vorgesehen ist, während darunter eine getrennte zweite Kammer vorgesehen ist, die einen kurzen und engen Einlaß für Äste aufweist. In der oberen Kammer sind dann Schlag- und in der unteren Kammer Schneidemesser angeordnet. Diese Lösung stellt jedoch im Prinzip den Zusammenbau einer Häckselmaschine und einer Schnitzelmaschine dar, die dann über die gleiche Antriebsachse vom gleichen Motor angetrieben werden. Dementsprechend ist diese Maschine unnötig groß, weist eine unnötige Anzahl an Teilen auf und wird dadurch unnötig schwer und teuer.To solve this problem, a type of two-chamber system has already been proposed, in which an upper chamber with a large inlet is provided for processing the soft garden waste, which may be contaminated with earth, sand or stones, while a separate second chamber is provided below it, which is a short one and has narrow inlet for branches. Impact knives are then arranged in the upper chamber and cutting knives in the lower chamber. In principle, however, this solution represents the assembly of a chopping machine and a shredding machine, which are then driven by the same motor via the same drive axis. Accordingly, this machine is unnecessarily large, has an unnecessary number of parts, and thereby becomes unnecessarily heavy and expensive.

In der Offenlegungsschrift DE-A-3 219 183 A1 werden Häcksler für Gartenabfälle und dergleichen mit einem Beschickungsbehälter beschrieben, an dessen Unterende Zumindest eine rotierende Messervorrichtung angeordnet ist, die der Gefahr einer Rotation des Zerkleinerungsgutes im Beschickungsbehälter, das den Schneidevorgang beeinträchtigt, dadurch entgegenwirkt, daß schon oberhalb der Messervorrichtung im Beschickungsbehälter eine Führung des zu verkleinernden Gutes in der Förderrichtung zur Messervorrichtung hin erreicht wird.In the published patent application DE-A-3 219 183 A1, choppers for garden waste and the like are described with a loading container, at the lower end of which at least one rotating knife device is arranged, which counteracts the risk of rotation of the comminuted material in the loading container, which impairs the cutting process, that guidance of the goods to be reduced in the conveying direction to the knife device is already achieved in the feed container above the knife device.

Die vorliegende Erfindung schafft demgegenüber eine Häcksel- und Schnitzelmaschine, die im wesentlichen keine zusätzlichen Teile gegenüber einer einfachen Häcksel- oder Schnitzelmaschine aufweist, und somit nicht größer oder schwerer als eine solche Maschine ist.In contrast, the present invention provides a chopping and shredding machine which has essentially no additional parts compared to a simple chopping or shredding machine and is therefore not larger or heavier than such a machine.

Neuerungsgemäß werden zur Lösung dieses Problems Messersysteme vorgesehen, die in einer Laufrichtung scharfe Schneidemesser aufweisen, und in der anderen Laufrichtung stumpfe Schlagmesser. Gleichzeitig ist dann eine Laufrichtungsumkehr des Antriebs vorzusehen. Man hat dann eine Laufrichtung für den Schnitzel betrieb und die andere Laufrichtung für den Häckselbetrieb.According to the invention, knife systems are provided to solve this problem, which have sharp cutting knives in one running direction and blunt knives in the other running direction. At the same time, the drive direction must be reversed. You then have one direction of operation for the schnitzel and the other direction for chopping.

Zur verbesserten Zuführung des Materials kann bei Maschinen für beide Betriebsarten ein im Zuführungsweg verwinkelter Aufnahmetrichter für dicke und runde Materialien vorgesehen werden, wobei ein kleiner Teil der Arbeitskammer der Maschine mit der Eintrittsöffnung des Aufnahmetrichters so überlappt, daß an dieser Stelle ein gerader Zuführungsweg mit kleinem Querschnitt für Äste oder ähnliches sperriges Material entsteht.To improve the feed of the material, a feed hopper for thick and round materials, which is angled in the feed path, can be provided in machines for both operating modes, with a small part of the working chamber of the machine overlapping with the inlet opening of the feed hopper in such a way that a straight feed path with a small cross section is located at this point for branches or similar bulky material.

Weitere vorteilhafte Ausführungsformen der Erfindung ergeben sich aus dem beigefügten Unteransprüchen.Further advantageous embodiments of the invention result from the attached subclaims.

Darüber hinaus können weitere Merkmale und Vorteile der Erfindung der folgenden Beschreibung in Verbindung mit den beigefügten Zeichnungen entnommen werden.In addition, other features and advantages of the invention can be learned from the following description taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

Es zeigen:

Figur 1
eine Schnittdarstellung einer Ausführungsform der erfindungsgemäßen Häcksel- und Schnitzelmaschine. Der Schnitt entspricht der Linie I-I in Figur 2.
Figur 2
einen Horizontal schnitt entlang der Linie II-II der Figur 1.
Figur 3
eine Darstellung der beschriebenen Ausführungsform von oben, in einer teilweise aufgebrochenen Darstellung.
Show it:
Figure 1
a sectional view of an embodiment of the chopping and shredding machine according to the invention. The section corresponds to line II in FIG. 2.
Figure 2
a horizontal section along the line II-II of Figure 1.
Figure 3
a representation of the embodiment described from above, in a partially broken representation.

Eine erfindungsgemäße Häcksel- und Schnitzelmaschine 10 ist in den Figuren 1 bis 3 dargestellt. Sie besteht aus einer zylinderförmigen Zerkleinerungskammer 12, in der ein Messersatz 14 direkt über dem Boden der Kammer an einer Welle 16 befestigt ist, die durch den Boden der Kammer hindurchtritt, und dort mit einem Antriebsmotor 18 verbunden ist. Hier handelt es sich bei dem Antriebsmotor 18 um einen Elektromotor, da bei diesem die Laufrichtung leichter umschaltbar ist. An dem Motor ist eine elektrische Schaltvorrichtung angebracht, die den üblichen Ein- und Ausschalter mit Sicherheitsabschaltung beim Öffnen der Zerkleinerungskammer aufweist. Sie ist hier mit dem Bezugszeichen 20 bezeichnet und enthält zusätzlich einen Schalter zur Laufrichtungsumkehr des Antriebsmotors 18. Natürlich ist auch ein Antrieb der Maschine mit einem Verbrennungsmotor möglich. Dann wäre statt der Schaltvorrichtung ein Wendegetriebe vorzusehen.A chopping and shredding machine 10 according to the invention is shown in FIGS. 1 to 3. It consists of a cylindrical crushing chamber 12 in which a set of knives 14 is attached directly above the bottom of the chamber to a shaft 16 which passes through the bottom of the chamber passes through, and there is connected to a drive motor 18. Here, the drive motor 18 is an electric motor, since the direction of rotation is easier to switch. An electrical switching device is attached to the motor, which has the usual on and off switch with safety shutdown when the comminution chamber is opened. It is designated here by reference numeral 20 and additionally contains a switch for reversing the direction of rotation of the drive motor 18. Of course, the machine can also be driven by an internal combustion engine. Then a reversing gear would have to be provided instead of the switching device.

Die ganze Häcksel- und Schnitzelmaschine ist bei dem vorliegenden Ausführungsbeispiel auf einem normalen Fahrgestell 22 befestigt, wie es für solche Maschinen üblich ist.In the present exemplary embodiment, the entire chopping and shredding machine is attached to a normal chassis 22, as is customary for such machines.

An der der elektrischen Schaltvorrichtung 20 gegenüberliegenden Seite weist die Zerkleinerungskammer 12 eine Öffnung direkt über dem Boden auf, durch die das zerkleinerte Gut in den schräg nach unten geneigten Austrittstrichter 24 gelangt, über den es die Maschine verläßt.On the side opposite the electrical switching device 20, the comminution chamber 12 has an opening directly above the floor through which the comminuted material enters the outlet funnel 24, which is inclined downwards and via which it leaves the machine.

Die Breite der Öffnung und des Austrittstrichters entspricht hierbei der Breite der Zerkleinerungskammer 12.The width of the opening and the outlet funnel corresponds to the width of the comminution chamber 12.

Auf der nach oben offenen Zerkleinerungskammer befindet sich der Aufnahmetrichter 26. Dieser erstreckt sich an der Seite der elektrischen Schaltvorrichtung etwa um den Durchmesser der Zerkleinerungskammer 12 über die Zerkleinerungskammer seitlich hinaus. Der Aufnahmetrichter ist im wesentlichen in dem sich über die Zerkleinerungskammer 12 hinaus erstreckenden Bereich nach oben geöffnet, während er oberhalb der Zerkleinerungskammer fast vollständig geschlossen ist. Dadurch bildet der Aufnahmetrichter 26 eine Aufnahmeöffnung 28, durch die das zu zerkleinernde Material zugeführt werden kann. Erfindungsgemäß weist der Trichter zwei Öffnungen zu der Zerkleinerungskammer hin auf. Eine kleine Öffnung 30 befindet sich in dem Bereich, in dem die Aufnahmeöffnung 28 von oben gesehen mit der Zerkleinerungskammer 12 überlappt. Hierdurch wird ein kleiner, senkrecht von oben nach unten verlaufender, gerader Durchlaß von der Aufnahmeöffnung 28 in die Zerkleinerungskammer 12 gebildet. Diese Öffnung 30 kann mit einer Rückschlagklappe 32 versehen sein, durch die ein Herausschleudern des zerkleinerten Gutes durch diese Öffnung verhindert werden kann. Weiterhin ist an der kleinen Öffnung 30 ein Führungsblech 34 vorgesehen, welches dergestalt in die Zerkleinerungskammer 12 hineinragt, daß durch dieses Blech und die Wand der Zerkleinerungskammer 12 ein Führungskanal zur Führung des durch die Öffnung 30 eingeführten zu Zerkleinernden Materials gebildet wird. Die Öffnung weist dabei die Form eines Ringsegmentes auf, wobei der Innenradius des Rings größer ist als der Radius, den der Vorzerkleinerer (40) überstreicht. An der Innenkante der Öffnung ist das Führungsblech (34) befestigt. Es weist daher die Form eines Kreissegmentes auf.The receiving funnel 26 is located on the comminution chamber, which is open at the top. This extends on the side of the electrical switching device approximately by the diameter of the comminution chamber 12 beyond the comminution chamber. The receiving funnel is essentially open at the top in the region extending beyond the comminution chamber 12, while it is almost completely closed above the comminution chamber. As a result, the receiving funnel 26 forms a receiving opening 28 through which the material to be comminuted can be fed. According to the invention, the funnel has two openings to the comminution chamber. A small opening 30 is located in the area in which the receiving opening 28 overlaps with the comminution chamber 12 when viewed from above. This results in a small, straight passage running vertically from top to bottom from the receiving opening 28 into the comminution chamber 12 educated. This opening 30 can be provided with a non-return flap 32, through which the comminuted material can be prevented from being thrown out through this opening. Furthermore, a guide plate 34 is provided at the small opening 30, which protrudes into the comminution chamber 12 in such a way that a guide channel for guiding the material to be comminuted through the opening 30 is formed through this plate and the wall of the comminution chamber 12. The opening has the shape of a ring segment, the inner radius of the ring being larger than the radius that the pre-shredder (40) sweeps. The guide plate (34) is fastened to the inner edge of the opening. It therefore has the shape of a segment of a circle.

Wahrend die kleine Öffnung 30 mit der Aufnahmeöffnung 28 zusammen einen senkrechten geraden Durchlaß mit einem kleinen Querschnitt von etwa 40 mm (entsprechend den jeweiligen Sicherheitsnormen) bildet, weist der Aufnahmetrichter 26 in Richtung auf die Zerkleinerungskammer 12 hin noch eine weitere größere Öffnung 36 auf. Auch diese Öffnung 36 ist mit einer Rückschlageklappe 38 verschlossen, um das Herausschleudern von zerkleinertem Gut zu vermeiden. Sie liegt im rechten Winkel zu der Eintrittsrichtung der Aufnahmeöffnung 28 und bildet somit einen zweimal abgewinkelten Durchlaß in die Zerkleinerungskammer. Entsprechend den Sicherheitsnormen wird für diese Öffnung ein Durchlaß von 250 mm vorgesehen.While the small opening 30 together with the receiving opening 28 forms a vertical straight passage with a small cross section of approximately 40 mm (according to the respective safety standards), the receiving funnel 26 has a further larger opening 36 in the direction of the comminution chamber 12. This opening 36 is also closed with a non-return flap 38 in order to prevent comminuted material from being thrown out. It is at right angles to the direction of entry of the receiving opening 28 and thus forms a twice angled passage into the comminution chamber. According to the safety standards, a passage of 250 mm is provided for this opening.

Der Messersatz 14 besteht aus einem oberhalb der Öffnung des Austrittstrichters 24 rotierenden Vorzerkleinerer 40 und einer Zerkleinerungsscheibe 42, die in Höhe der Öffnung des Austrittstrichters 24 angebracht ist. Der ganze Messersatz 14 rotiert dabei um die Mittelachse der Zylinderform der Zerkleinerungskammer 12.The knife set 14 consists of a pre-shredder 40 rotating above the opening of the outlet funnel 24 and a shredding disk 42 which is attached at the level of the opening of the outlet funnel 24. The entire set of knives 14 rotates about the central axis of the cylindrical shape of the comminution chamber 12.

Der Vorzerkleinerer 40 kommt nur bei dem Häckselbetrieb zum Einsatz. Er besteht aus einem in den Endabschnitten aufgebogenen Metallstreifen. Die beiden Arbeitskanten 44 des Vorzerkleinerers liegen rechts oben und links unten. Auf der Rückseite sind die Endabschnitte des Vorzerkleinerers abgeschrägt, um einen Freiwinkel für die Arbeitskanten zu bilden. Die Zerkleinerungsscheibe 42 weist zwei Schlitze 46 auf, die jeweils zum Durchtritt des zerkleinerten Materials vorgesehen sind, und jeweils von einem Messer an einer Seite begrenzt werden. Ein Schlagmesser 48 der Zerkleinerungsscheibe 42 ist so befestigt, daß es bei einer Drehrichtung von oben gesehen gegen den Uhrzeigersinn zur Wirkung kommt. Ein Schneidemesser 50 ist hingegen so befestigt, daß es bei der umgekehrten Drehrichtung zur Wirkung kommt. Unten an der Zerkleinerungsscheibe 42 sind dann noch Räumbleche 54 befestigt, die sich fast bis zum Boden der Zerkleinerungskammer 12 erstrecken.The pre-shredder 40 is only used in the chop operation. It consists of a metal strip bent open in the end sections. The two working edges 44 of the pre-shredder are at the top right and bottom left. The end sections of the pre-shredder are chamfered on the back to create a clearance angle for the working edges. The shredding disk 42 has two slots 46, which are each provided for the passage of the shredded material, and each of a knife on one side. An impact knife 48 of the shredding disk 42 is fastened in such a way that it acts counterclockwise when viewed in a direction of rotation from above. A cutting knife 50, however, is attached so that it comes into effect in the reverse direction of rotation. Then at the bottom of the shredding disk 42 are still cleaning plates 54 which extend almost to the bottom of the shredding chamber 12.

Die Zerkleinerungskammer 12 enthält außerdem einen oberhalb der Zerkleinerungsscheibe angebrachten Keil 52. Die Lage dieses Keils 52 ist in der Figur 1 in einer Strichpunktlinie angedeutet, da normalerweise bei dem Schnitt der Figur 1 die Lage dieses Keiles nicht erkennbar wäre, da er zu der weggeschnittenen Seite gehört. Der Keil besitzt eine radial zur Zerkleinerungsscheibe 42 verlaufende senkrecht bis zur Oberkante der Zerkleinerungskammer 12 durchlaufende Kante. Diese Kante weist über den ganzen Verlauf die gleiche Breite auf. Auf der der Kante gegenüberliegenden Seite läuft der Keil entlang der gekrümmten Wand der Zerkleinerungskammer 12 spitzwinklig zu. Dabei verkürzt sich der Keil 52 nach oben hin zunehmend, so daß der Keilwinkel nach oben hin zunehmend stumpfer wird. Im folgenden soll nun die Funktionsweise der Häcksel- und Schnitzelmaschine dargestellt werden. Hierbei sind zwei Betriebsarten zu unterscheiden, nämlich der Häcksel- und der Schnitzelbetrieb. Im Häckselbetrieb läuft der Messersatz 14 von oben gesehen entgegen dem Uhrzeigersinn entsprechend dem mit H bezeichneten Pfeil in Fig. 2. Das zu verhäckselnde Material wird durch die Aufnahmeöffnung 28 des Aufnahmetrichters 26 von einer Bedienungsperson eingefüllt. Es gelangt durch die Öffnungen 30 und 36 in die Zerkleinerungskammer 12. Sehr große Stücke wie zum Beispiel Krautköpfe, Rüben und ähnliches gehen natürlich dabei nur durch die Öffnung 36. In der Zerkleinerungskammer 12 wird das zu verhäckselnde Gut zuerst von dem Vorzerkleinerer 40 erfaßt. Der Keil 52 bewirkt dabei, daß das in der Zerkleinerungskammer befindliche Gut nicht nur mit der Umlaufgeschwindigkeit des Messersatzes rotiert, sondern auch eine seitliche Relativbewegung zu den Messern erhält, da der Keil 52 das zu verhächselnde Gut gegen den Vorzerkleinerer 40 drückt. Das vorzerkleinerte Gut gelangt dann durch die Schlitze 46 unter die Zerkleinerungsscheibe 42. Dabei wird es vom Schlagmesser 48 weiter zerkleinert. Schließlich wird das zerkleinerte Gut durch die Räumbleche 54 in den Austrittstrichter 24 gefördert und verläßt durch diesen die Maschine.The comminution chamber 12 also contains a wedge 52 mounted above the comminution disk. The position of this wedge 52 is indicated by a chain line in FIG. 1, since the position of this wedge would normally not be discernible in the section of FIG. 1, since it is on the cut-away side belongs. The wedge has an edge which extends radially to the comminution disk 42 and runs vertically up to the upper edge of the comminution chamber 12. This edge has the same width over the entire course. On the side opposite the edge, the wedge runs at an acute angle along the curved wall of the comminution chamber 12. The wedge 52 is increasingly shortened towards the top, so that the wedge angle becomes increasingly blunt towards the top. The operation of the chopping and shredding machine will now be described. A distinction must be made between two operating modes, namely chopping and shredding. In the chopper mode, the knife set 14 runs counterclockwise when viewed from above in accordance with the arrow denoted by H in FIG. 2. The material to be chopped is filled by an operator through the receiving opening 28 of the receiving funnel 26. It goes through the openings 30 and 36 into the shredding chamber 12. Very large pieces such as cabbage heads, beets and the like naturally only go through the opening 36. In the shredding chamber 12, the material to be shredded is first captured by the pre-shredder 40. The wedge 52 has the effect that the material in the comminution chamber not only rotates at the rotational speed of the knife set, but also receives a lateral movement relative to the knives, since the wedge 52 presses the material to be exchanged against the pre-shredder 40. The pre-comminuted material then passes through the slots 46 under the comminution disk 42. In the process, it is further comminuted by the impact knife 48. Finally, the comminuted material is removed by the clearing plates 54 conveyed into the outlet funnel 24 and leaves the machine through this.

Der Schnitzel betrieb dient zur Zerkleinerung von sperrigem, holzigem Gut, wie z.B. Ästen und ähnlichem. In dieser Betriebsart läuft der Messersatz 14 im Uhrzeigersinn um entsprechend dem mit S bezeichneten Pfeil in Fig. 2. Da das sperrige Gut nicht durch die mehrfach abgewinkelte Zuführungsöffnung 36 eintreten kann, wird es ausschließlich durch den geraden Durchgang der durch die Aufnahmeöffnung 28, die kleine Öffnung 30 und den vom Führungsblech 34 gebildeten Führungskanal begrenzt wird, zugeführt. Hierdurch gelangt das sperrige Gut an dem Vorzerkleinerer vorbei direkt zu der Zerkleinerungsscheibe 42. Bei der Drehrichtung für den Schnitzelbetrieb kommt das Schneidemesser 50 der Zerkleinerungsscheibe 42 zur Wirkung. Es wirkt dabei in besonders vorteilhafter Weise mit der radialen Kante des Keils 52 zusammen. Das untere Ende dieser Kante wirkt nämlich zusammen mit dem Schneidemesser 50 der Zerkleinrungsscheibe 42 wie eine Schere und schneidet saubere Abschnitte von dem Astgut ab. Die abgeschnittenen Stücke gelangen wiederum durch die Schlitze 46 hindurch unter die Zerkleinerungsscheibe 42 und werden dort von den Räumblechen 54 in den Austrittstrichter 24 befördert. Durch diesen verlassen sie die Maschine.The schnitzel operation is used to shred bulky, woody goods, such as Tree branches and the like. In this operating mode, the knife set 14 rotates clockwise according to the arrow labeled S in FIG. 2. Since the bulky material cannot enter through the multiple angled feed opening 36, it is only through the straight passage through the receiving opening 28 that the small one Opening 30 and the guide channel formed by the guide plate 34 is limited supplied. As a result, the bulky material passes the pre-shredder directly to the shredding disk 42. The cutting knife 50 of the shredding disk 42 comes into effect in the direction of rotation for the shredding operation. It cooperates in a particularly advantageous manner with the radial edge of the wedge 52. The lower end of this edge works together with the cutting knife 50 of the shredding disk 42 like a pair of scissors and cuts clean sections from the knots. The cut pieces again pass through the slots 46 under the comminution disk 42 and are conveyed there by the clearing plates 54 into the outlet funnel 24. They leave the machine through this.

An Stelle der im Ausführungsbeispiel beschriebenen Zerkleinerungsscheibe 42 kann auch ein Messerbalken oder eine Mehreckplatte, beispielsweise in Dreiecksform, verwendet werden. An diesen Messerträgern müssen dann ebenfalls die Schlag- und Schneidemesser im jeweils zugehörigen Drehsinn angebracht sein.Instead of the shredding disk 42 described in the exemplary embodiment, a knife bar or a polygonal plate, for example in a triangular shape, can also be used. The percussion and cutting knives must then also be attached to these knife carriers in the associated direction of rotation.

Claims (11)

  1. A combined chopping and shredding machine, characterized by a set of blades (14) with beating blades (40, 48) for chopping, which are arranged in a direction of rotation (H), and cutting blades (50) for shredding, which are arranged in the opposite direction of rotation (S), and by a drive (18) having a reversible direction of rotation.
  2. A chopping and shredding machine according to claim 1, characterized in that the set of blades (14) comprises an upper preliminary fragmenter (40) with beating blades (44) for material for chopping and an underlying fragmenting disc (42) with slots (46), to which the beating cutting edges and cutting blades (48, 50) are attached.
  3. A chopping and shredding machine according to Claim 2, characterized in that clearing plates (54) are attached to the bottom of the fragmenting disc (42), which plates extend virtually as far as the base of the fragmenting chamber (12).
  4. A chopping and shredding machine according to claim 1, 2 or 3, characterized in that the drive (18) is an electric motor with an electric switching device (20) for changing direction.
  5. A chopping and shredding machine according to Claim 1 and 2, characterized by a wedge (52) which is securely attached to the inner side wall of the fragmenting chamber above the fragmenting disc (12), which wedge has an edge running radially inwards counter to the direction of rotation for the shredding operation (S), which edge extends at the same width up to the upper edge of the fragmenting chamber, and which tapers in an acute angle counter to the direction of rotation for the chopping operation (H), the length of the wedge (52) decreasing upwards so that it tapers towards the top in an increasingly more obtuse angle.
  6. A chopping and shredding machine according to Claim 5, characterized in that the radial edge of the wedge (52) is located beneath the margin of the smaller opening (30) which is located in the direction of rotation for the shredding operation (S).
  7. A chopping and shredding machine according to Claim 5, characterized in that the smaller opening (30) essentially has the shape of an annular segment, the inner radius of the ring being greater than the radius which traverses the preliminary fragmenter (40).
  8. A chopping and shredding machine according to Claim 7, characterized in that a guide plate (34) is attached to the inner edge of the smaller opening (30), which plate extends vertically downwards.
  9. A chopping and shredding machine according to Claim 1, characterized in that the set of blades (14) comprises an upper preliminary fragmenter (40) for material for chopping with beating cutting edges (44) and an underlying cutter bar, to which the beating cutting edges and cutting blades are attached.
  10. A chopping and shredding machine according to Claim 1, characterized in that the set of blades (14) comprises an upper preliminary fragmenter (40) for material for chopping with beating cutting edges (44) and an underlying polygonal plate to which the beating cutting edges and cutting blades are attached.
  11. A chopping and shredding machine according to Claim 10, characterized in that the polygonal plate is in the form of a triangle.
EP89109377A 1988-06-15 1989-05-24 Chopping and shredding machine Expired - Lifetime EP0346661B1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP93101558A EP0551143B1 (en) 1988-06-15 1989-05-24 Chopping and shredding machine

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE8807794U 1988-06-15
DE8807794U DE8807794U1 (en) 1988-06-15 1988-06-15 Chipping and shredding machine

Related Child Applications (2)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP93101558.0 Division-Into 1989-05-24
EP93101558A Division EP0551143B1 (en) 1988-06-15 1989-05-24 Chopping and shredding machine

Publications (3)

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EP0346661A2 EP0346661A2 (en) 1989-12-20
EP0346661A3 EP0346661A3 (en) 1991-06-26
EP0346661B1 true EP0346661B1 (en) 1994-12-14

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EP89109377A Expired - Lifetime EP0346661B1 (en) 1988-06-15 1989-05-24 Chopping and shredding machine
EP93101558A Expired - Lifetime EP0551143B1 (en) 1988-06-15 1989-05-24 Chopping and shredding machine

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EP93101558A Expired - Lifetime EP0551143B1 (en) 1988-06-15 1989-05-24 Chopping and shredding machine

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US (1) US4984747A (en)
EP (2) EP0346661B1 (en)
AT (2) ATE115438T1 (en)
DE (3) DE8807794U1 (en)
DK (1) DK170591B1 (en)
ES (1) ES2065938T3 (en)

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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE58908761D1 (en) 1995-01-26
ATE142537T1 (en) 1996-09-15
EP0551143A2 (en) 1993-07-14
US4984747A (en) 1991-01-15
DK291889A (en) 1989-12-16
DE8807794U1 (en) 1989-10-19
EP0551143A3 (en) 1994-04-13
EP0346661A3 (en) 1991-06-26
ATE115438T1 (en) 1994-12-15
DK170591B1 (en) 1995-11-06
DE58909731D1 (en) 1996-10-17
ES2065938T3 (en) 1995-03-01
EP0551143B1 (en) 1996-09-11
DK291889D0 (en) 1989-06-14
EP0346661A2 (en) 1989-12-20

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