EP0178316B1 - Separateur cyclone - Google Patents

Separateur cyclone Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0178316B1
EP0178316B1 EP85902020A EP85902020A EP0178316B1 EP 0178316 B1 EP0178316 B1 EP 0178316B1 EP 85902020 A EP85902020 A EP 85902020A EP 85902020 A EP85902020 A EP 85902020A EP 0178316 B1 EP0178316 B1 EP 0178316B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
air
cyclone according
separating chamber
deflecting
deflecting means
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP85902020A
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German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0178316A1 (fr
Inventor
Hans Oetiker
Franz Reichmuth
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Buehler AG
Original Assignee
Buehler AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Buehler AG filed Critical Buehler AG
Priority to AT85902020T priority Critical patent/ATE50437T1/de
Publication of EP0178316A1 publication Critical patent/EP0178316A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0178316B1 publication Critical patent/EP0178316B1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B07—SEPARATING SOLIDS FROM SOLIDS; SORTING
    • B07B—SEPARATING SOLIDS FROM SOLIDS BY SIEVING, SCREENING, SIFTING OR BY USING GAS CURRENTS; SEPARATING BY OTHER DRY METHODS APPLICABLE TO BULK MATERIAL, e.g. LOOSE ARTICLES FIT TO BE HANDLED LIKE BULK MATERIAL
    • B07B11/00—Arrangement of accessories in apparatus for separating solids from solids using gas currents
    • B07B11/06—Feeding or discharging arrangements
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B04—CENTRIFUGAL APPARATUS OR MACHINES FOR CARRYING-OUT PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES
    • B04C—APPARATUS USING FREE VORTEX FLOW, e.g. CYCLONES
    • B04C1/00—Apparatus in which the main direction of flow follows a flat spiral ; so-called flat cyclones or vortex chambers
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B07—SEPARATING SOLIDS FROM SOLIDS; SORTING
    • B07B—SEPARATING SOLIDS FROM SOLIDS BY SIEVING, SCREENING, SIFTING OR BY USING GAS CURRENTS; SEPARATING BY OTHER DRY METHODS APPLICABLE TO BULK MATERIAL, e.g. LOOSE ARTICLES FIT TO BE HANDLED LIKE BULK MATERIAL
    • B07B11/00—Arrangement of accessories in apparatus for separating solids from solids using gas currents
    • B07B11/04—Control arrangements
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B07—SEPARATING SOLIDS FROM SOLIDS; SORTING
    • B07B—SEPARATING SOLIDS FROM SOLIDS BY SIEVING, SCREENING, SIFTING OR BY USING GAS CURRENTS; SEPARATING BY OTHER DRY METHODS APPLICABLE TO BULK MATERIAL, e.g. LOOSE ARTICLES FIT TO BE HANDLED LIKE BULK MATERIAL
    • B07B7/00—Selective separation of solid materials carried by, or dispersed in, gas currents
    • B07B7/08—Selective separation of solid materials carried by, or dispersed in, gas currents using centrifugal force
    • B07B7/086—Selective separation of solid materials carried by, or dispersed in, gas currents using centrifugal force generated by the winding course of the gas stream
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B07—SEPARATING SOLIDS FROM SOLIDS; SORTING
    • B07B—SEPARATING SOLIDS FROM SOLIDS BY SIEVING, SCREENING, SIFTING OR BY USING GAS CURRENTS; SEPARATING BY OTHER DRY METHODS APPLICABLE TO BULK MATERIAL, e.g. LOOSE ARTICLES FIT TO BE HANDLED LIKE BULK MATERIAL
    • B07B9/00—Combinations of apparatus for screening or sifting or for separating solids from solids using gas currents; General arrangement of plant, e.g. flow sheets
    • B07B9/02—Combinations of similar or different apparatus for separating solids from solids using gas currents

Definitions

  • Centrifugal separators have been used successfully in the area of mills and feed mills for decades.
  • the great advantage of traditional cyclone separators is their simple construction and their relatively low air resistance.
  • the cyclones are used with a vertical axis, in rare cases slightly inclined.
  • the separated substances are collected in the lower area of the centrifugal separator and discharged via a product lock.
  • the air enters the cyclone tangentially in the upper circumferential area and, after several whirling movements, leaves it centrally in the uppermost area through the so-called “dip tube”, which protrudes somewhat into the interior of the cyclone.
  • the main disadvantage of a cyclone is its relatively poor efficiency for dust separation. A large number of superimposed secondary vortices are created in the cyclone, which, together with fluctuating air pressure and varying dust loading, prevent a significant improvement in the degree of separation in practice.
  • Another disadvantage is that, especially in the area of a mill or a feed mill, when using cyclones as separators, the exhaust air still has residual dust contents which are substantially above the legally permissible values. The exhaust air from the cyclones must therefore also be cleaned via filters for industrial plants before it can be discharged into the open.
  • a centrifugal separator with a horizontal axis is used there in the form of a double centrifugal separator or a primary and a secondary separator.
  • the primary separator is constructed spirally and approximately circular, with the raw gas entering tangentially.
  • the outermost air layer is “peeled off” and introduced into a much smaller secondary separator, in which (similar to traditional cyclone separators) the clean air or dust is separated on both ends.
  • One advantage of this separation system is the very low pressure drop, but its disadvantage is an insufficient degree of separation.
  • the quality requirements for the circulating air do not have to be as high as the legal regulations for the quality of industrial exhaust air to the outside, but experience has shown that the quality requirements for the circulating air are still much greater than could be guaranteed by the performance of known centrifugal separators or cyclone separators.
  • the aforementioned centrifugal separator is known from GB-A-571 222.
  • the air passage channels are arranged distributed over the entire circumference of the deflection means.
  • the deflecting wall shielding the collecting funnel entrance from two wall sections between their overlapping inner edges and between their outer edges and the wall of the pre-separation space air openings are formed. An air flow that has entered the collecting funnel through these air openings from the pre-separation zone remains in the latter.
  • a centrifugal separator is also known from CH-A-201 235, which has a structure similar to that of the generic centrifugal separator. With this centrifugal separator, the air passage channels are distributed over the entire circumference of the deflection means. Furthermore, the deflection wall there also consists of two wall sections, one wall section consisting of an extension of the wall of the pre-separation zone and overlapping at its free end with the further section of the deflection wall. An air opening is provided between the overlapping wall sections, in the deepest point of the pre-separation zone. The degree of separation of this centrifugal separator is improved in the cited document in that scraper plates are provided below the deflection wall.
  • a centrifugal separator with a pre-separation zone and a vertically arranged collecting device for tobacco is known.
  • the entrance to this collecting facility is shielded from the pre-separation zone by a deflection wall.
  • Another collection point is located upstream from the free end of the deflection wall Direction for picking up dust and other smaller particles due to the centrifugal force.
  • no air passage channels are provided in the deflection means of this centrifugal separator, but a single opening for the air passage.
  • the object of the invention is to develop a centrifugal separator for broken grains, shells and dust and other contaminants from cereals, which has a significantly increased degree of dust separation with only a small pressure drop, is not very complex to build and, in particular, in combination with other cereal cleaning and processing machines for use in air circulation systems.
  • the centrifugal separator according to the invention was first tested in connection with an aspiration channel with a preselected dust load, with surprisingly good results.
  • the tangential raw gas inlet preferably has an inlet arranged in the same direction as the pre-separation chamber, which is known per se from GB-A-571 222 or CH-A-201 235.
  • the effect of the centrifugal force is already well prepared in the inlet of the pre-separation chamber. Disturbing "superimposed" vortices are avoided as soon as they enter the pre-separation area, especially if the tangential raw gas inlet extends essentially over the entire length of the pre-separation area.
  • the best solution has so far been found to be a raw gas inlet in the upper area of the pre-separation room, in which the direction of the air flow in the pre-separation room is clockwise, and the air flows from the bottom of the raw gas inlet upwards into the pre-separation room.
  • the air in the course of a half circle in the pre-separation area in the zone near the wall is enriched with the foreign substances present in it, so that this external partial flow enriched with foreign substances when it passes into the funnel-shaped collector, i.e.
  • Collection funnel can release all foreign substances.
  • the inner partial flow largely freed of foreign matter enters the space between the curved deflection wall and the deflection means on the inside.
  • the feature according to the invention that the air passage channels are arranged in the deflecting means in the region thereof which the circularly curved deflecting wall faces or faces is proven.
  • the deflecting means therefore have air passage channels only in their lower section.
  • the deflection means are particularly advantageously essentially radial, i.e.
  • the air passage channels between the guide vanes forming a deflection angle for the air flow of more than 90 °, which is known per se (GB-A-571 222, CH-A-201 235) .
  • the air passage channels are preferably designed such that the amount of air sucked in enters the clean gas outlet without swirl.
  • a channel for returning the air into the pre-separation chamber is provided in front of the funnel-shaped collector in the region of the raw gas inlet.
  • the space between the deflecting means and the circularly curved deflecting wall is particularly preferably tapered in a spiral and opens, again preferably, into the air return duct (cf. CH-A-201 235).
  • the deflecting means are preferably closed in their upper region at an angle of more than 180 ° for the purpose of air flow without transverse vortices (cf. CH-A-255 948).
  • the circularly curved deflecting wall begin in the region of the horizontal central plane of the deflecting means and execute it over an angle in the range between 90 ° and 180 °.
  • the raw gas inlet is designed as the upper end of a vertical aspiration channel, the clean gas outlet preferably being connected to a lower inlet arranged on the aspiration channel in such a way that the aspiration channel operates in recirculation mode (cf. GB-A-697 600).
  • a rear wall of the aspiration channel is adjustable both in its inclination and in its horizontal direction (thus in two respects) (cf. FR-A-1 122 543).
  • the centrifugal separator according to the invention has proven surprisingly well when used in combination with an aspiration channel for grain.
  • all good and heavy cereal grains should be freed from any foreign stock (i.e. shell parts, dirt, dust, even broken and languished grains or the like) through the aspiration channel.
  • any foreign stock i.e. shell parts, dirt, dust, even broken and languished grains or the like
  • separating the relatively large amount of foreign material from the air completely and economically has proven to be a major problem, the solution of which has so far not been satisfactorily possible.
  • the use of a centrifugal separator according to the invention showed a completely satisfactory separating effect, which has not even been possible to date.
  • the essential basic structure of the centrifugal separator consists of a tangential raw gas inlet 1, a pre-separation chamber 2 and a funnel-shaped collector 3.
  • deflection means here a preferably fixed deflection grille 4, to which inner axial end of a clean gas outlet 5 is arranged.
  • the pre-separation chamber 2 is delimited at the bottom by a circularly curved deflection wall 6, air circulation openings 7 and 8 remaining on both sides.
  • the deflecting wall 6 begins (in FIG. 1: right) approximately at the level of the horizontal central plane 9 of the deflecting grid 4 and extends over a range of more than 90 ° to the left side of the picture.
  • the deflecting wall 6 consists of a curved steel sheet, the same radius of curvature being present on both sides in the direction of the pre-separation space 2 and towards the collector 3.
  • the lower limit of the deflection wall 6 can e.g. be carried out according to the line 10 shown in broken lines.
  • the collector 3 has a conical funnel 11 and at the bottom a rotary lock 12 for the airtight dust discharge.
  • a straight duct section 13 is connected directly upstream of the raw gas inlet so that the flow in the area of the raw gas inlet 1 is as far as possible calmed down.
  • the raw gas inlet 1 is separated in a sector of almost 90 ° from the pre-separation chamber 2 via a wall section 14.
  • the upper part of the deflection grid 4 is air-impermeable as a cylindrical jacket 15.
  • the deflecting grating 4 has a plurality of radially oriented guide vanes 16 only in its lower part, an air passage opening 17 being formed between each two guide vanes 16.
  • the outer section of the guide vanes 16 is inclined at an angle, so that the incoming flow, in order to penetrate into the space between two guide vanes 16, must deflect by more than 90 °. Reference is expressly made here to the graphic representation of this bending of the outer sections of the guide vanes 16 in FIGS. 1, 3 or 5. This measure forces the air to undergo a relatively strong change in direction when it enters the clean gas outlet 5.
  • the air passage openings 17 are aligned radially inwards, so that a swirl-free flow arises inwards and any approach of one-sidedness in the flow play within the pre-separation chamber 2 is thereby avoided.
  • a pre-separation zone X is shown hatched in FIG. 1, in which a strong air circulation takes place, so that dust particles repeatedly have the opportunity to precipitate out in a zone D in the collector 3.
  • the inner area enclosed by the pre-separation zone X, which is not hatched in FIG. 1, is referred to as “swirl-free air extraction” Y, in which a controllable separation of clean air and residual dust takes place, which is unaffected by the air circulation in the pre-separation zone X.
  • FIGS. 3 and 4 show a further exemplary embodiment of a centrifugal force separator according to the invention, which works sensibly with a vertical aspiration channel 21.
  • the solution shown here enables a particularly effective selective separation of good quality grain and the rest of the poorer grain qualities (such as broken grain and sluggish grain) as well as the other undesirable dirt and solids still present in the grain by means of air.
  • a fourth zone D which is in collector 3, the remaining stock of air (such as dust etc.) is finally separated.
  • the division in the aspiration channel 21 also takes place here in that the flow profile in the aspiration channel 21 can be specifically adapted to the respective separation task.
  • the individual particles are thrown into the channel at uneven heights by the air flow and fall down again. This process may be repeated several times until the particle either finds its way up or all the way down.
  • Zones A and B merge seamlessly into each other, since the air flow must be effective here. This is where the grain is introduced into the air, the grain is cleaned of foreign material and the fraction to be separated is removed by the air.
  • FIGS. 3 and 4 can also only work partially as a recirculation system.
  • an aspiration system is connected to a corresponding aspiration port 34 with air adjustment flaps 35 and the entire device can be placed under slight negative pressure.
  • the deflection grid 4 With a corresponding structural redesign, it would also be conceivable to rotate the deflection grid 4 as such.
  • the upper part of the deflecting grating 4, which is designed as an air-impermeable jacket 15, would preferably be built stationary.
  • the jacket could have 15 openings for the air inlet. It has been shown that the jacket 15 should remain closed at least at the point at which the raw gas inlet 1 enters the pre-separation chamber 2 and at the beginning of the deflection wall 6.
  • FIG. 5 shows a further variant for a centrifugal separator according to the invention.
  • a vertical duct section 40 works as an aspiration duct as in the illustration according to FIG. 1, however, unlike in FIG. 1, a relief space 41 is directly associated with it, so that in the event of recirculation of air from the pre-separation space 2 or a corresponding recirculation duct 26 (FIG. 4 ) Part of the air can circulate in the duct section 40 and part of the air in the relief space 41.
  • the setting of the optimal air volume or air speed can be effective via a throttle Adjustment flap 42 take place, as indicated by the two arrows 43 and 44 in Figure 5.
  • a division of the flow in the pre-separation chamber 2 by a further flap 45 is possible in such a way that the greater part of the circulating air is deflected into the pre-separation zone X or into the inner swirl-free air vent Y.
  • the amount of air that flows out as clean air through the clean gas outlet 5 is not influenced, but the local air velocities in the separating space 18 and in the air circulation opening 7.
  • the two working spaces X and Y can be targeted in this way even with very delicate separation tasks, such as in the separation of corn fractions.

Landscapes

  • Cyclones (AREA)
  • Combined Means For Separation Of Solids (AREA)

Abstract

Un séparateur cyclone pour des fragments de graines, des enveloppes, de la poussière et d'autres impuretés de l'air possèdent une chambre de préséparation (2) avec une entrée tangentielle de gaz brut (1), dans laquelle sont disposés concentriquement un grillage déflecteur cylindrique (4) et une sortie de gaz pur (5) raccordée à celui-ci. Afin d'augmenter le degré de séparation de la poussière avec une faible perte de pression et une construction peu coûteuse et de permettre une utilisation dans des systèmes à circulation d'air en combinaison avec d'autres machines de traitement et de nettoyage de céréales, une chambre de préséparation (X) est prévue radialement à l'extérieur du grillage déflecteur (4) pour une circulation d'air, ainsi qu'un évent (Y) radialement à l'intérieur du grillage déflecteur (4), qui est en relation d'écoulement avec la chambre de préparation (X) grâce à des canaux de passage d'air (17) dans le grillage déflecteur (4).

Claims (12)

1. Séparateur centrifuge pour grains brisés, enveloppes, poussières et autre produits polluant l'air, comprenant:
a) une chambre de séparation préalable (2) à section circulaire et comportant une entrée tangentielle de gaz brut (1),
b) des moyens déflecteurs cylindriques (4), disposés de manière concentrique dans cette chambre de séparation préalable, pour lesquels
c) une extraction d'air (Y) est prévue à l'intérieur de ces moyens déflecteurs (4) dans le sens radial et la chambre de séparation préalable (2) et l'extraction d'air (Y) sont reliées entre elles, en ce qui concerne l'écoulement, par des canaux de passage d'air (17) ménagés dans les moyens déflecteurs (4).
d) une sortie de gaz purifié (5) se raccordant axialement à ces moyens déflecteurs (4),
e) une trémie collectrice (3) disposée directement au-dessous de la chambre de séparation préalable (2) et
f) une cloison déflectrice (6) protégeant l'entrée de cette trémie collectrice, des orifices de passage d'air étant ménagés entre les arêtes de cette cloison et la paroi de la chambre de séparation préalable (2), caractérisé en ce que:
g) les orifices de passage d'air (7, 8) sont agencés de façon que s'établisse une circulation d'air qui part de la partie de la chambre de séparation préalable (2) se trouvant au-dessus de la cloison déflectrice (6), traverse la zone supérieure de la trémie collectrice (3) et retourne dans la chambre de séparation préalable (2) et
h) les moyens déflecteurs (4) ne comportent des canaux de passage d'air (17) que dans leur zone se trouvant en regard de la cloison déflectrice (6).
2. Séparateur centrifuge suivant la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que l'entrée tangentielle de gaz brut (1) comporte une amenée disposée en arc de cercle, dans le même sens que la chambre de séparation préalable (2).
3. Séparateur centrifuge suivant la revendication 1 ou 2, caractérisé en ce que les canaux de passage d'air (17) comportent des aubes directrices (16) disposées d'une manière sensiblement radiale.
4. Séparateur centrifuge suivant la revendication 3, caractérisé en ce que les canaux de passage d'air (17) situés entre les aubes directrices (16) forment un angle de déviation de l'écoulement d'air qui est supérieur à 900.
5. Séparateur centrifuge suivant la revendication 4, caractérisé en ce que les canaux de passage d'air (17) sont agencés de façon telle que la quantité d'air aspirée débouche sans moment cinétique angulaire dans la sortie de gaz purifié (5).
6. Séparateur centrifuge suivant l'une des revendications 1 à 5, caractérisé en ce que, pour renvoyer l'air dans la chambre de séparation préalable (2), il est prévu un canal (18) se raccordant aux orifices de passage d'air (7, 8).
7. Séparateur centrifuge suivant l'une des revendications 1 à 6, caractérisé en ce que l'espace situé entre les moyens déflecteurs (4) et la cloison déflectrice (6) à courbure circulaire présente un rétrécissement en spirale.
8. Séparateur centrifuge suivant l'une des revendications 1 à 7, caractérisé en ce que la zone fermée des moyens déflecteurs (4) s'étend sur un angle supérieur à 180°.
9. Séparateur centrifuge suivant l'une des revendications 1 à 8, caractérisé en ce que la cloison déflectrice (6) à courbure circulaire commence dans la zone du plan horizontal de symétrie des moyens déflecteurs (4) et, de là, s'étend sur un angle compris entre 90° et 180°.
10. Séparateur centrifuge suivant l'une des revendications 1 à 9, caractérisé en ce que l'entrée de gaz brut (1) constitue l'extrémité supérieure d'un conduit vertical d'aspiration (21).
11. Séparateur centrifuge suivant la revendication 10, caractérisé en ce que la sortie de gaz purifié (5) est reliée à une entrée inférieure, disposée sur le conduit d'aspiration (21 de façon telle que ce conduit d'aspiration (21) travaille en mode de recyclage d'air.
12. Séparateur centrifuge suivant la revendication 10 ou 11, caractérisé en ce qu'une paroi arrière (28) du conduit d'aspiration (21) est réglable tant en inclinaison qu'en direction horizontale.
EP85902020A 1984-04-16 1985-04-15 Separateur cyclone Expired - Lifetime EP0178316B1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT85902020T ATE50437T1 (de) 1984-04-16 1985-04-15 Fliehkraftabscheider.

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19843414344 DE3414344A1 (de) 1984-04-16 1984-04-16 Fliehkraftabscheider
DE3414344 1984-04-16

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0178316A1 EP0178316A1 (fr) 1986-04-23
EP0178316B1 true EP0178316B1 (fr) 1990-02-21

Family

ID=6233734

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP85902020A Expired - Lifetime EP0178316B1 (fr) 1984-04-16 1985-04-15 Separateur cyclone

Country Status (7)

Country Link
US (1) US4721561A (fr)
EP (1) EP0178316B1 (fr)
JP (1) JPS61501196A (fr)
DE (2) DE3414344A1 (fr)
SU (1) SU1484282A3 (fr)
UA (1) UA6001A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO1985004823A1 (fr)

Cited By (2)

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WO2012150250A1 (fr) 2011-05-03 2012-11-08 Bühler AG Dispositif et procédé de séparation d'une matière de charge en au moins une fraction légère et une fraction lourde
EP2671650A1 (fr) 2012-06-05 2013-12-11 Bühler AG Procédé et appareil de tri de grains

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RU2681441C1 (ru) * 2018-03-20 2019-03-06 федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего образования "Волгоградский государственный аграрный университет" (ФГБОУ ВО Волгоградский ГАУ) Сепаратор для очистки зернового вороха
EP3785813B1 (fr) 2018-08-20 2024-04-17 Bühler AG Dispositif de nettoyage de produit en vrac pourvu d'un cadre de support creux

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WO2012150250A1 (fr) 2011-05-03 2012-11-08 Bühler AG Dispositif et procédé de séparation d'une matière de charge en au moins une fraction légère et une fraction lourde
EP2671650A1 (fr) 2012-06-05 2013-12-11 Bühler AG Procédé et appareil de tri de grains
WO2013182552A1 (fr) 2012-06-05 2013-12-12 Bühler AG Procédé et appareil pour le tri de céréales

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
SU1484282A3 (ru) 1989-05-30
US4721561A (en) 1988-01-26
EP0178316A1 (fr) 1986-04-23
WO1985004823A1 (fr) 1985-11-07
UA6001A1 (uk) 1994-12-29
JPS61501196A (ja) 1986-06-19
DE3576067D1 (de) 1990-03-29
JPH0119942B2 (fr) 1989-04-13
DE3414344C2 (fr) 1987-01-15
DE3414344A1 (de) 1985-10-24

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