DE961283C - Verfahren zum Stabilisieren der Tieftemperaturviscositaet synthetischer Schmieroele - Google Patents

Verfahren zum Stabilisieren der Tieftemperaturviscositaet synthetischer Schmieroele

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Publication number
DE961283C
DE961283C DEST8887A DEST008887A DE961283C DE 961283 C DE961283 C DE 961283C DE ST8887 A DEST8887 A DE ST8887A DE ST008887 A DEST008887 A DE ST008887A DE 961283 C DE961283 C DE 961283C
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Germany
Prior art keywords
organic base
mixture
strong organic
low temperature
synthetic lubricating
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Expired
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DEST8887A
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English (en)
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ExxonMobil Technology and Engineering Co
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Exxon Research and Engineering Co
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Publication of DE961283C publication Critical patent/DE961283C/de
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04M—TELEPHONIC COMMUNICATION
    • H04M1/00—Substation equipment, e.g. for use by subscribers
    • H04M1/64—Automatic arrangements for answering calls; Automatic arrangements for recording messages for absent subscribers; Arrangements for recording conversations
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    • C10M3/00—Liquid compositions essentially based on lubricating components other than mineral lubricating oils or fatty oils and their use as lubricants; Use as lubricants of single liquid substances
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    • C10M2219/10—Heterocyclic compounds containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium compounds in the ring
    • C10M2219/104—Heterocyclic compounds containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium compounds in the ring containing sulfur and carbon with nitrogen or oxygen in the ring
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2219/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2219/10—Heterocyclic compounds containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium compounds in the ring
    • C10M2219/104—Heterocyclic compounds containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium compounds in the ring containing sulfur and carbon with nitrogen or oxygen in the ring
    • C10M2219/106—Thiadiazoles
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2219/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2219/10—Heterocyclic compounds containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium compounds in the ring
    • C10M2219/104—Heterocyclic compounds containing sulfur, selenium or tellurium compounds in the ring containing sulfur and carbon with nitrogen or oxygen in the ring
    • C10M2219/108—Phenothiazine
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2030/00—Specified physical or chemical properties which is improved by the additive characterising the lubricating composition, e.g. multifunctional additives
    • C10N2030/08—Resistance to extreme temperature
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
    • C10N2040/12—Gas-turbines
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2040/00—Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
    • C10N2040/12—Gas-turbines
    • C10N2040/13—Aircraft turbines

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Signal Processing (AREA)
  • Lubricants (AREA)
  • Telephone Set Structure (AREA)

Description

Die Erfindung bezieht sich auf ein Verfahren zum Stabilisieren eines Schmieröls, das sich zum Schmieren von Gasturbinentriebwerken von Flugzeugen eignet und einen wesentlichen Anteil eines synthetischen Schmieröls enthält.
Ein Schmiermittel für Flugzeugturbinen muß im wesentlichen folgende Eigenschaften besitzen: gute Hochtemperaturbeständigkeit, gute Viskositäts-Temperatur-Eigenschaften und gute Belastbarkeit sowie eine niedrige Viskosität bei tiefen Temperaturen in Verbindung mit einem niedrigen Dampfdruck bei hohen Temperaturen. Diese Eigenschaften können bei Anwendung eines beliebigen wirtschaftlichen Raffinationsverfahrens auf Erdöl nicht gleichzeitig erhalten werden. Man hat jedoch bereits vorgeschlagen, Gemische, die diesen Eigenschaften nahekommen, unter Verwendung eines Hauptanteiles bestimmter synthetischer Ester herzustellen. Insbesondere Diester und komplexe Ester oder Gemische derselben können Eigenschaften haben, die diesen erwünschten nahekommen.
Die zur Durchführung der Erfindung vorzugsweise verwendete synthetische Schmiermittelgrundlage enthält einen Hauptanteil von Verbindungen der allgemeinen Zusammensetzung:
R2OOCR1COOR2', R2OOCR1COOR4OOCr3, R3COOR4OOCR3',
R3COOR4(OOCR1COOR4^OOCr3'
Hierin sind R1 und R1' Reste von Dicarbonsäuren, wie H O O C R1C O O H, R2 und R2' die Reste einwertiger Alkohole, wie R2OH, R3 und R3' die Reste von Monocarbonsäuren, wie R3 C O O H, und R4 und R4' die Reste von Glykolen, wie HOR4OH. # ist gleich ι bis 6, aber nicht notwendigerweise eine ganze Zahl, und gibt als Bruch die durchschnittliche Zusammensetzung eines Gemisches von Verbindungen an. Die einwertigen Alko-
ao hole sind vorzugsweise ahphatische Alkohole, Ätheroder Thioätheralkohole.
Es ist erwünscht, daß die Kohlenwasserstoffkette des Restes R2 etwas verzweigt ist; die nach der Oxosynthese gewonnenen Alkohole sind besonders wirksam.
as R2 hat im allgemeinen 4 bis 18 C-Atome und enthält Schwefel und Sauerstoff lediglich in Thioäther- oder Ätherbindung. Die Monocarbonsäuren sind vorzugsweise ahphatische Säuren mit bis zu 22 C-Atomen, die Glykole vorzugsweise Glieder der Alkylen- oder PoIyalkylenglykolreihe, wobei die Polyäthylenglykole von Diäthylenglykol bis zu Decaäthylenglykol oder Diole der Zusammensetzung HO(G-H^)nOH, worin η gleich 3 bis 12 ist, besonders wertvoll sind. Die Ester sollen ein solches Molekulargewicht und eine solche Struktur haben, daß das entstehende Gemisch bei 98,9° eine Viskosität von 1 bis 20, vorzugsweise 3 bis 10 cSt hat.
Bei Verwendung von Schmiermittelgemischen auf Estergrundlage, insbesondere von Gemischen, die mehr als etwa 20 Volumprozent komplexe Ester enthalten, hat sich als ein Nachteil ergeben, daß diese Gemische dazu neigen, bei Lagerung bei tiefen Temperaturen zu dicken. Die Ursache dieser Dickung ist zwar nicht völlig klar, auf jeden Fall ist diese nicht erwün'scht.
Die Erfindung zielt darauf ab, diese Dickung bei tiefen Temperaturen wesentlich herabzusetzen.
Unter einem komplexen Ester wird hier ein Ester verstanden, welcher drei oder mehr Estergruppen in linearer Kette enthält.
Es wurde nun gefunden, daß Salze starker organischer Basen die Tieftemperaturviskosität von Schmierölen auf Grundlage synthetischer Ester zu stabilisieren vermögen.
Die starken organischen Basen haben vorzugsweise die allgemeine Zusammensetzung:
N-R'
R'"HN —C—NSJR"
Hierin sind R', R" und R'" ahphatische Kohlenwasserstoffgruppen von zweckmäßig nicht mehr als 10 C-Atomen, insbesondere nicht mehr als 4 C-Atomen, oder Wasserstoff. Eine besonders bevorzugte organische Base ist Guanidin.
Es können auch andere Salze verwendet werden, wie die quaternären Ammoniumsalze von der allgemeinen Zusammensetzung:
R4-N-R2
Hierin sind R1, R3, R3 und R4 aliphatisch^ Kohlenwasserstoffgruppen von vorzugsweise jeweils nicht mehr als 10, insbesondere nicht mehr als 4 C-Atomen; und X ist ein Anion, vorzugsweise Carbonat, Sulfat, Chlorid oder Acetat.
Verbindungen, welche gemäß der Erfindung verwendet werden können, sind beispielsweise Guanidincarbonat, -sulfat und -acetat.
Gemäß der Erfindung setzt man einen kleinen Prozentsatz eines Salzes einer starken organischen Base, vorzugsweise eines ölunlöslichen Salzes derselben, einem synthetischen Schmierölgemisch, insbesondere einem Gemisch aus einem komplexen Ester und einem Diester, hinzu, erhitzt das Gemisch auf über ioo° und nitriert es. Die obere Temperaturgrenze bestimmt sich im wesentlichen nach der Stabilität des synthetischen Schmieröls und kann durch Vorversuche für jedes Schmieröl leicht ermittelt werden. Allgemein läßt sich sagen, daß Temperaturen über 2200 weniger geeignet sind, wenn die Erhitzungsdauer mehr als 45 Minuten beträgt, daß aber auf 2000 erhitzt werden kann, wenn die Erhitzungsdauer etwa 2x/2 Stunden beträgt.
Die Anteile der verwendeten Ausgangsstoffe sind etwas von der Neigung des Schmiermittels zum Dicken und der angestrebten Verbesserung abhängig. Im allgemeinen verwendet man nicht mehr als 7, vorzugsweise 0,1 bis 5, insbesondere 1 bis 2 Gewichtsprozent, bezogen auf das Gesamtgemisch.
Die Behandlung mit dem Salz der starken organisehen Base wird vorzugsweise ausgeführt, indem man das Gemisch, welches mehr als 0,1, vorzugsweise 0,2 bis 2 Gewichtsprozent des Salzes, bezogen auf das Gesamtgemisch, enthält, unter Rühren 5 bis 120, vorzugsweise 10 bis 60 Minuten auf über 100, vorzugsweise auf 170 bis 1900 erhitzt und das Reaktionsgemisch dann filtriert.
Aus dem Gemisch fällt gewöhnlich eine kleine Menge eines dunkelgefärbten harzartigen Materials aus, und die Farbe des synthetischen Schmierölgemisches ist verbessert.
Die Behandlung scheint die Viskosität des Gemisches bei 37,8° oder den Viskositätsindex nicht merklich zu beeinflussen, wie aus der Tabelle hervorgeht.
Das nachfolgende Beispiel erläutert eine Ausfüh- iao rungsform der Erfindung.
Beispiel
Man stellt ein Gemisch aus 60 Volumprozent eines las komplexen Esters und 40 Volumprozent Dinonylseba-
cat her. Der komplexe Ester wurde aus Nonyialkohol, Sebacinsäure und Polyglykol 200 (vorwiegend Tetraäthylenglykol) hergestellt, indem man in einer ersten Stufe den Halbester des Polyglykols und der Säure bildete und in einer zweiten Stufe das gebildete saure Produkt mit dem einwertigen Alkohol veresterte, wie in dem britischen Patent 666 697 beschrieben. Das Gemisch-wird unter Rühren 15 Minuten mit 1 Gewichtsprozent Guanidincarbonat auf i8o° erhitzt. Es fällt eine kleine, der Menge des zugesetzten Salzes vergleichbare Menge eines dunkelbraunen harzartigen Materials aus, und Kohlendioxyd wird entwickelt. Das Reaktionsgemisch wird filtriert.
Die nachstehende Tabelle zeigt die Wirkung dieser Behandlung:
Ursprüngliche Viskosität
bei —400, cSt
Viskosität bei —40° nach
iystündiger Lagerung bei
—400, cSt
Farbwert, Tag Robinson..
Viskosität bei 37,8°, cSt ..
ASTM.-AbfaU
—400 bis+37,8°
Vor der
Behandlung
Ii 500
6ο οοο
57.8
ο,653
Nach der
Behandlung
Ii 770
12360
13
6l,2
0,652
Die Erfindung kann natürlich auf synthetische Schmierölgemische angewendet werden, welche Zusätze enthalten, wie beispielsweise Antioxydationsmittel, Antiverschleißmittel und Viskositätsindexverbesserer.

Claims (6)

Patentansprüche:
1. Verfahren zum Stabilisieren der Tieftemperaturviskosität synthetischer Schmieröle, die Mischester enthalten, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß man das Schmieröl unter Zusatz einer geringen Menge eines ölunlöslichen Salzes einer starken organischen Base auf über ioo° erhitzt und es sodann filtriert.
2. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Zusatz der starken organischen Base nicht unter 0,1, vorzugsweise 0,2 bis 2 Gewichtsprozent (bezogen auf das Gesamtgemisch) beträgt.
3. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1 und 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Gemisch 5 bis 120, vorzugsweise 10 bis 60 Minuten auf 170 bis 1900 erhitzt wird.
4. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1 bis 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die starke organische Base die allgemeine Zusammensetzung
N-R'
Il
R'"HN —C —NHR"
aufweist, worin R', R" und R'" Kohlenwasserstoffgruppen oder Wasserstoff sind.
5. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1 bis 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Kohlenwasserstoffgruppen der organischen Base nicht mehr als 10, vorzugweise nicht mehr als 4 C-Atome enthalten.
6. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1 bis 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die starke organische Base Guanidincarbonat ist.
In Betracht gezogene Druckschriften:
USA.-Patentschrift Nr. 2 620 301.
© 609 617/460 8.56 (609 853 3.57)
DEST8887A 1953-10-20 1954-10-20 Verfahren zum Stabilisieren der Tieftemperaturviscositaet synthetischer Schmieroele Expired DE961283C (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

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GB28939/53A GB756959A (en) 1953-10-20 1953-10-20 Synthetic lubricants
GB5105/54A GB756759A (en) 1953-10-20 1954-02-22 Means for controlling telephone answering devices

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DE961283C true DE961283C (de) 1957-04-04

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DE (1) DE961283C (de)
FR (1) FR1110221A (de)
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NL (1) NL89954C (de)

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
BE596980A (de) * 1959-11-11
US3920568A (en) * 1972-04-26 1975-11-18 Exxon Research Engineering Co Synthetic ester lubricant compositions with improved ryder gear load-carrying ability
US3912771A (en) * 1972-08-11 1975-10-14 Rohm & Haas Alkyl ammonium carboxylate salt-ethoxylated alkyl phenol esters of a dimer or trimer acid
US3998862A (en) * 1973-07-16 1976-12-21 Rohm And Haas Company Alkyl ammonium carboxylite salt-ethoxylated alkyl phenol esters
US4079012A (en) * 1976-10-04 1978-03-14 Bosniack David S Synthetic ester oil compositions containing organic sulfonic acid ammonium salts as load-carrying agents
US4295982A (en) * 1980-05-12 1981-10-20 Mobil Oil Corporation Sulfurized aminoguanidine reaction product and lubricant compositions containing same
US4919833A (en) * 1987-05-21 1990-04-24 Ciba-Geigy Corporation Functional fluids
US4902437A (en) * 1987-12-09 1990-02-20 Exxon Research And Engineering Company Engine lubricating oil comprising a quaternary ammonium hydroxide
US5124054A (en) * 1988-12-29 1992-06-23 Exxon Research And Engineering Company Method of improving the thermal stability of quaternary ammonium hydroxides (PNE-539)
US7992850B2 (en) 2007-03-29 2011-08-09 Caterpillar Inc. System and method for controlling electromagnet lift power for material handlers

Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2620301A (en) * 1950-12-09 1952-12-02 Standard Oil Co Grease compositions

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2636858A (en) * 1951-06-07 1953-04-28 Standard Oil Dev Co Mineral oil additive

Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2620301A (en) * 1950-12-09 1952-12-02 Standard Oil Co Grease compositions

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GB756759A (en) 1956-09-12
NL89954C (de) 1959-01-15
GB756959A (en) 1956-09-12
FR1110221A (fr) 1956-02-09
US2911368A (en) 1959-11-03

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