CN1792522A - 有涂层的切削刀片 - Google Patents
有涂层的切削刀片 Download PDFInfo
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- CN1792522A CN1792522A CNA2005101362195A CN200510136219A CN1792522A CN 1792522 A CN1792522 A CN 1792522A CN A2005101362195 A CNA2005101362195 A CN A2005101362195A CN 200510136219 A CN200510136219 A CN 200510136219A CN 1792522 A CN1792522 A CN 1792522A
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- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 28
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 229910052582 BN Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- PZNSFCLAULLKQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boron nitride Chemical compound N#B PZNSFCLAULLKQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 229910000997 High-speed steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 239000011195 cermet Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 229910003460 diamond Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 239000010432 diamond Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tin Chemical compound [Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 150000004767 nitrides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910001315 Tool steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000000737 periodic effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000004040 coloring Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000010409 thin film Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 33
- 238000005229 chemical vapour deposition Methods 0.000 description 11
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 9
- 238000000151 deposition Methods 0.000 description 7
- 238000005240 physical vapour deposition Methods 0.000 description 6
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000011247 coating layer Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003086 colorant Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 description 2
- TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Al]O[Al]=O TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000011112 process operation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005245 sintering Methods 0.000 description 2
- 206010034719 Personality change Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002826 coolant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000021384 green leafy vegetables Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000010849 ion bombardment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002932 luster Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001755 magnetron sputter deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001465 metallisation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004544 sputter deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
本发明涉及一种切削刀片，包括由硬质合金、金属陶瓷、陶瓷、高速钢或者例如立方氮化硼或金刚石等超硬材料制成的本体，该本体具有硬质耐磨涂层，该刀片具有位于最外面、薄且具有颜色的非氧化物色层，其中所述的颜色利用干涉方法形成。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及一种有涂层的切削刀具刀片，该刀片设置有位于最外面、薄且具有颜色的干涉色层。如这里所使用的术语“刀片”还指整体硬质合金钻头以及端铣刀等。
背景技术
涂覆有各种类型的硬质涂层的硬质合金切削刀具刀片已经在市场上销售多年。所述的涂层通常以多层结构利用多个硬质层例如TiC、Ti(C，N)、TiN和Al2O3等形成。仔细选择所述各个层的顺序和厚度以适应不同的切削应用和工件材料。最常使用化学气相沉积(CVD)、中温化学气相沉积(MTCVD)或者物理气相沉积(PVD)技术沉积所述的层。在某些较少的情形下，还使用等离子体辅助化学气相沉积(PACVD)。
用于涂覆刀片的CVD技术在相当高的温度，大约900-1000℃下施行。由于这种高的沉积温度并且由于所沉积的涂覆材料和硬质合金刀片之间在热膨胀系数方面的差异，CVD技术产生的涂层具有冷却裂纹和拉伸应力。利用CVD技术，能够沉积很多种硬质的并且耐磨的涂覆材料，例如Al2O3、TiC、Ti(C，N)、TiN、Ti(C，N，O)和ZrO2。通过改变沉积条件，这些涂层的微观结构并且由此其性质能够相当大程度地加以改变。
PVD技术则在相当低的温度，大约450-700℃下施行，并且在离子轰击环境中进行，从而在涂层中导致高的压应力并且无冷却裂纹。由于这些工艺的差别，与PVD涂覆的刀片相比，CVD涂覆的刀片比较脆并且由此具有较低的韧性。当期望形成锐利的切削刃时，通常使用PVD涂层。
虽然这些涂层具有很好的技术特性，令人遗憾的是它们经常具有灰暗的并且多少有些不美观的外观。因此，经常沉积作为最外层的薄的、装饰性的TiN层，以便赋予刀片一种美观的金色色泽。如果刀片能够具有不同的颜色以便指导终端用户正确选择用于特定加工操作的适当等级而并非仅用于装饰性的原因，这当然是非常有趣的。令人遗憾的是，适于这种目的的有色化合物的数目是有限的。同样重要的是，所述色层对刀片的性质不产生负面影响。该色层还应该能够在不将其它不需要的化合物引入反应器中的情形下进行沉积。对于钻头和端铣刀，同样重要的是，在重磨削之后能够利用新的功能性耐磨层容易对它们进行再涂覆，而无需预先除去涂层。还重要的是，所获得的颜色在一次上刀操作(charge)期间内以及在不同上刀操作期间都是一致的。
GB1389140公开了对烧结的硬质金属切削刀片进行有色涂覆，即利用TiC层和至少一个TiN和/或TiCN的外层对刀片进行涂覆，所述外层的厚度不超过3μm。利用化学气相沉积形成所述的涂层。
US5,700,569公开了一种有氧化铝涂层的硬质合金刀片，其具有改进的金属切削应用特性的。变化氧化铝涂层的数目可以改变涂层刀片的颜色，从15层的绿色到32层的蓝色。
JP-A-2001-341005公开了一种涂覆有TiCN层的刀片，该刀片具有依据其色度定义的颜色，即0＜a*＜10(红色方向)、0＜b*＜20(黄色方向)以及亮度0＜L*＜100。a*、b*和L*坐标作为CIELab***的一部分在本领域是公知的，所述CIELab***为设备独立的均匀颜色空间，其中，颜色位于三维直角坐标系内。所述的三维是亮度(L*)、红色度/绿色度(a*)和黄色度/蓝色度(b*)。
发明内容
本发明的一个目的在于提供一种切削刀片，其具有不同的颜色以便指导终端用户正确选择用于特定加工操作的适当等级。
本发明的另一个目的在于提供一种具有有色层的切削刀片，所述的层并对该刀片的技术性能不产生负面影响。
本发明的再一个目的在于提供一种具有有色层的切削刀片，所述的层易于被沉积。
本发明的再一个目的在于提供一种具有有色层的有涂层的钻头或者端铣刀，其在重新磨削之后易于对它们进行再涂覆，而无需预先除去涂层。
本发明还一个目的在于提供一种有色切削刀片，所述颜色在一次装载(charge)内以及在不同装载之间是一致的。
根据本发明，利用最外的、薄的、透明的非氧化物层对切削本体上色，所述的层优选为来自包括在元素周期表的IV、V或VI族的组中的金属、Al、Si和B或其混合物的碳化物、氮化物或碳氮化物的层，优选为Ti和/或Al的碳化物、氮化物或碳氮化物的层。所述层的厚度使得其利用干涉方法形成颜色，即，厚度＜0.5μm、优选0.05-0.3μm、最优选0.05-＜0.2μm。所述本体由烧结的硬质合金、金属陶瓷、陶瓷、高速钢、工具钢或者例如立方氮化硼或金刚石等超硬材料制成。该本体为刀片、钻头、端铣刀、可更换的刀片等的形状。
所述色层设置于功能性耐磨涂层的上面。优选地，所述色层与厚度为0.1-5.0μm的TiN层相接触。
所述色层还可以是唯一的层。
在一个优选实施例中，所述的色层为(Ti，Al)N，更具体地说为TixAl1-xN，其中0.1＜x＜0.9，优选0.4＜x＜0.7，最优选0.4＜x＜0.6。
优选所述层是蓝色的，其中-20＜a*＜0、-40＜b*＜0并且0＜L*＜95。在一个优选实施例中，-20＜a*＜-10。在另一个优选实施例中，-40＜b*＜-20。
在另一个优选实施例中，所述刀片为整体硬质合金钻头或者整体硬质合金端铣刀。
利用PVD技术，优选利用磁控溅射或者阴极电弧蒸发沉积所述的层。所述的层易于在现场生产设备中以与功能性耐磨层相同的装置进行沉积。
所述的色层还可利用PACVD工艺进行沉积。
具体实施方式
实例1
利用溅射工艺为整体硬质合金钻头涂覆蓝色的外涂层。同时对圆柱体形状的、20×20mm2大小的金属薄片进行涂覆。所述钻头以及金属薄片均进行相同的3重(3-fold)旋转。Ar、Kr和N2的流量分别调整为150、85和70sccm。施加100V的负基质偏压。首先，沉积约0.2μm的TiN层。在该TiN层上面，使用两个Ti0.5Al0.5靶作为金属源沉积(Ti0.5Al0.5)N层。通过在每个Ti0.5Al0.5靶上施加3.2kW的阴极功率，在23分钟的时间内沉积该(Ti0.5Al0.5)N层，可获得美丽的蓝色颜色。利用具有下述设置的Minolta分光光度计CM-2500D对金属薄片上的L*、a*和b*值进行测量：
掩膜/光泽 M/SCI
紫外设置 UV 100％
光源 D65
观察器 10°
显示器 DIFF & ABS。
并且获得下述结果：a*＝-16、b*＝-30、L*＝39。
实例2
重复进行实例1，但是，通过在每个Ti0.5Al0.5靶上施加3.7kW的阴极功率，在23分钟的时间内沉积(Ti，Al)N层。获得蓝色颜色，并获得如下结果：a*＝-18、b*＝-23、L*＝46。
实例3
重复进行实例1，但是，通过在每个Ti0.5Al0.5靶上施加5.7kW的阴极功率，在23分钟的时间内沉积(Ti，Al)N层。获得绿色颜色，并获得如下结果：a*＝-14、b*＝-7、L*＝56。
实例4
重复进行实例1，但是，Ar、Kr和N2的流量分别改变为250、150和70sccm，并且通过在每个Ti0.5Al0.5靶上施加3.2kW的阴极功率，在23分钟的时间内沉积(Ti，Al)N层。获得深蓝色颜色，并获得如下结果：a*＝-3、b*＝-39、L*＝29。
实例5
在一段时间之后完全重复实例4。再次获得深蓝色颜色，并获得如下结果：a*＝-5、b*＝-37、L*＝31。
实例6
在涂覆有内部的、4μm厚的耐磨TiN+(Ti，Al)N多层涂层的整体硬质合金钻头上涂覆根据实例1的蓝色涂层。在SS2541钢切削测试中将上述的钻头与不具有色层的钻头进行对比，其中切削数据如下：
切削速度：100m/min
进给量：0.15mm/rev
孔深：20mm(盲孔)
冷却剂：有
试样刀 具寿命
标准钻头 1200孔
标准钻头+蓝色外层 1300孔
实例7
对实例6中使用的钻头的切削刃重新磨削。之后，将该钻头再涂覆4μm厚的(Ti，Al)N层并且在与实例6所述相同的切削测试中进行测试。
试样 刀具寿命
再涂覆的标准钻头 1100孔
再涂覆的蓝色钻头 1000孔
Claims (9)
1.一种切削刀片，包括由硬质合金、金属陶瓷、陶瓷、高速钢、工具钢或者例如立方氮化硼或金刚石等超硬材料制成的本体，该刀片具有硬质耐磨涂层，其包括位于最外面、薄且具有颜色的非氧化物色层，其特征在于，所述颜色利用干涉方法形成。
2.如权利要求1所述的切削刀片，其特征在于，所述色层的厚度＜0.5μm。
3.如权利要求1所述的切削刀片，其特征在于，所述的色层为来自由元素周期表的IV、V或VI族的金属所构成的组中的金属、Al、Si和B或其混合物的碳化物、氮化物或碳氮化物。
4.如权利要求3所述的切削刀片，其特征在于，所述金属为Ti和/或Al。
5.如权利要求4所述的切削刀片，其特征在于，所述的层为TixAl1-xN。
6.如权利要求5所述的切削刀片，其特征在于，0.1＜x＜0.9，优选0.4＜x＜0.7，最优选0.4＜x＜0.6。
7.如权利要求1所述的切削刀片，其特征在于，所述的色层为蓝色的，并且-20＜a*＜0、-40＜b*＜0并且0＜L*＜95。
8.如权利要求5所述的切削刀片，其特征在于，在优选为0.1-5.0μm厚的TiN层的上面沉积所述的色层。
9.如权利要求1所述的切削刀片，其特征在于，所述刀片为整体硬质合金钻头或者整体硬质合金端铣刀。
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| SE528695C2 (sv) * | 2004-12-22 | 2007-01-23 | Sandvik Intellectual Property | Verktygshållare för spånavskiljande bearbetning |
| US8277958B2 (en) | 2009-10-02 | 2012-10-02 | Kennametal Inc. | Aluminum titanium nitride coating and method of making same |
| US8409702B2 (en) | 2011-02-07 | 2013-04-02 | Kennametal Inc. | Cubic aluminum titanium nitride coating and method of making same |
| DE102012107130A1 (de) * | 2012-08-03 | 2014-02-06 | Walter Ag | Schneidwerkzeug mit Verschleißerkennungsschicht |
| US9103036B2 (en) | 2013-03-15 | 2015-08-11 | Kennametal Inc. | Hard coatings comprising cubic phase forming compositions |
| US9168664B2 (en) | 2013-08-16 | 2015-10-27 | Kennametal Inc. | Low stress hard coatings and applications thereof |
| US9896767B2 (en) | 2013-08-16 | 2018-02-20 | Kennametal Inc | Low stress hard coatings and applications thereof |
| EP3088108A4 (en) * | 2013-12-26 | 2017-08-09 | Kyocera Corporation | Cutting tool |
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| SE357772B (zh) | 1972-08-18 | 1973-07-09 | Sandvik Ab | |
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| SE502094C2 (sv) * | 1991-08-16 | 1995-08-14 | Sandvik Ab | Metod för diamantbeläggning med mikrovågsplasma |
| JP2638406B2 (ja) * | 1992-10-26 | 1997-08-06 | 神鋼コベルコツール株式会社 | 耐摩耗性多層型硬質皮膜構造 |
| SE508666C2 (sv) * | 1994-05-27 | 1998-10-26 | Sandvik Ab | Skärhållare för vändskärsplattor |
| EP0727509B1 (en) | 1995-02-17 | 2001-12-12 | Seco Tools Ab | Multilayered alumina coated cemented carbide body |
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| US5885666A (en) * | 1997-05-06 | 1999-03-23 | General Motors Corporation | Conversion of hexagonal-like BN to cubic-like BN by ion implantation |
| JPH11216601A (ja) * | 1998-02-04 | 1999-08-10 | Osg Corp | 硬質積層皮膜被覆工具 |
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| EP0980917B1 (en) * | 1998-07-29 | 2002-07-03 | Toshiba Tungaloy Co., Ltd. | Aluminium oxide-coated tool member |
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| SE516252C2 (sv) * | 2000-04-28 | 2001-12-10 | Sandvik Ab | Fräsverktyg innefattande en roterbar kropp samt tangentiellt åtskilda skärorgan |
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| Publication number | Publication date |
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| CN1792522B (zh) | 2010-11-10 |
| KR101247829B1 (ko) | 2013-03-26 |
| DE602005004590D1 (de) | 2008-03-20 |
| SE528670C2 (sv) | 2007-01-16 |
| US7964295B2 (en) | 2011-06-21 |
| IL172393A0 (en) | 2006-04-10 |
| KR20060072094A (ko) | 2006-06-27 |
| JP2006192565A (ja) | 2006-07-27 |
| SE0403175D0 (sv) | 2004-12-22 |
| EP1674597B1 (en) | 2008-01-30 |
| IL172393A (en) | 2010-12-30 |
| DE602005004590T2 (de) | 2009-02-19 |
| JP5356641B2 (ja) | 2013-12-04 |
| US20060154051A1 (en) | 2006-07-13 |
| ATE385267T1 (de) | 2008-02-15 |
| SE0403175L (sv) | 2006-06-23 |
| EP1674597A1 (en) | 2006-06-28 |
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