CN1788083A - 酒精产品生产方法 - Google Patents
酒精产品生产方法 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- CN1788083A CN1788083A CNA2004800126822A CN200480012682A CN1788083A CN 1788083 A CN1788083 A CN 1788083A CN A2004800126822 A CNA2004800126822 A CN A2004800126822A CN 200480012682 A CN200480012682 A CN 200480012682A CN 1788083 A CN1788083 A CN 1788083A
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- amylase
- alpha
- aforementioned
- gly
- asp
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 158
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 142
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 58
- 229920002472 Starch Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 131
- 239000008107 starch Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 131
- 235000019698 starch Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 131
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 101710146708 Acid alpha-amylase Proteins 0.000 claims description 86
- 108010073178 Glucan 1,4-alpha-Glucosidase Proteins 0.000 claims description 83
- 102000004190 Enzymes Human genes 0.000 claims description 82
- 108090000790 Enzymes Proteins 0.000 claims description 82
- 102100022624 Glucoamylase Human genes 0.000 claims description 82
- 229940088598 enzyme Drugs 0.000 claims description 82
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 claims description 77
- 108090000637 alpha-Amylases Proteins 0.000 claims description 76
- 235000019441 ethanol Nutrition 0.000 claims description 76
- 229940024171 alpha-amylase Drugs 0.000 claims description 71
- 102000004139 alpha-Amylases Human genes 0.000 claims description 70
- 238000005360 mashing Methods 0.000 claims description 42
- 238000011534 incubation Methods 0.000 claims description 36
- 235000013339 cereals Nutrition 0.000 claims description 35
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims description 33
- 235000013405 beer Nutrition 0.000 claims description 33
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 claims description 31
- 240000005979 Hordeum vulgare Species 0.000 claims description 30
- 235000007340 Hordeum vulgare Nutrition 0.000 claims description 30
- 241000233866 Fungi Species 0.000 claims description 27
- 108010059892 Cellulase Proteins 0.000 claims description 25
- 102000035195 Peptidases Human genes 0.000 claims description 25
- 108091005804 Peptidases Proteins 0.000 claims description 25
- 125000003275 alpha amino acid group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 25
- OWEGMIWEEQEYGQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 100676-05-9 Natural products OC1C(O)C(O)C(CO)OC1OCC1C(O)C(O)C(O)C(OC2C(OC(O)C(O)C2O)CO)O1 OWEGMIWEEQEYGQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 24
- GUBGYTABKSRVRQ-PICCSMPSSA-N Maltose Natural products O[C@@H]1[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O[C@@H]1O[C@@H]1[C@@H](CO)OC(O)[C@H](O)[C@H]1O GUBGYTABKSRVRQ-PICCSMPSSA-N 0.000 claims description 24
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 23
- 240000004808 Saccharomyces cerevisiae Species 0.000 claims description 22
- 229940106157 cellulase Drugs 0.000 claims description 21
- 108010011619 6-Phytase Proteins 0.000 claims description 20
- 229940085127 phytase Drugs 0.000 claims description 20
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 20
- 241000894006 Bacteria Species 0.000 claims description 19
- 230000001580 bacterial effect Effects 0.000 claims description 19
- 241000228212 Aspergillus Species 0.000 claims description 17
- 235000013312 flour Nutrition 0.000 claims description 16
- 230000002478 diastatic effect Effects 0.000 claims description 15
- 241000228245 Aspergillus niger Species 0.000 claims description 14
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 claims description 14
- 235000021307 Triticum Nutrition 0.000 claims description 12
- 230000007062 hydrolysis Effects 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000006460 hydrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 241000193744 Bacillus amyloliquefaciens Species 0.000 claims description 10
- 240000008042 Zea mays Species 0.000 claims description 10
- 235000005824 Zea mays ssp. parviglumis Nutrition 0.000 claims description 10
- 235000002017 Zea mays subsp mays Nutrition 0.000 claims description 10
- 235000005822 corn Nutrition 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000000284 extract Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 240000006439 Aspergillus oryzae Species 0.000 claims description 9
- 235000002247 Aspergillus oryzae Nutrition 0.000 claims description 9
- 241000194108 Bacillus licheniformis Species 0.000 claims description 9
- 240000003183 Manihot esculenta Species 0.000 claims description 9
- 235000016735 Manihot esculenta subsp esculenta Nutrition 0.000 claims description 9
- 244000046109 Sorghum vulgare var. nervosum Species 0.000 claims description 8
- 240000007594 Oryza sativa Species 0.000 claims description 7
- 235000007164 Oryza sativa Nutrition 0.000 claims description 7
- 235000007238 Secale cereale Nutrition 0.000 claims description 7
- 244000082988 Secale cereale Species 0.000 claims description 7
- 235000009566 rice Nutrition 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000001238 wet grinding Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000008034 disappearance Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000009837 dry grinding Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 244000061456 Solanum tuberosum Species 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000002595 Solanum tuberosum Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- 240000007582 Corylus avellana Species 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000007466 Corylus avellana Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 241000228341 Talaromyces Species 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000000539 amino acid group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000001433 C-terminal amino-acid group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- 102220359125 c.48G>A Human genes 0.000 claims description 2
- 102220123717 rs759057581 Human genes 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000008186 active pharmaceutical agent Substances 0.000 claims 6
- 241000605909 Fusobacterium Species 0.000 claims 1
- 244000098338 Triticum aestivum Species 0.000 claims 1
- 125000003158 alcohol group Chemical group 0.000 claims 1
- 235000013399 edible fruits Nutrition 0.000 claims 1
- 230000007071 enzymatic hydrolysis Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 238000006047 enzymatic hydrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 238000000855 fermentation Methods 0.000 abstract description 20
- 230000004151 fermentation Effects 0.000 abstract description 20
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 abstract description 7
- 238000002203 pretreatment Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 235000006085 Vigna mungo var mungo Nutrition 0.000 description 38
- 240000005616 Vigna mungo var. mungo Species 0.000 description 38
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 26
- 235000014680 Saccharomyces cerevisiae Nutrition 0.000 description 23
- 230000004580 weight loss Effects 0.000 description 22
- 239000004375 Dextrin Substances 0.000 description 14
- 229920001353 Dextrin Polymers 0.000 description 14
- WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-VFUOTHLCSA-N beta-D-glucose Chemical compound OC[C@H]1O[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-VFUOTHLCSA-N 0.000 description 14
- 235000019425 dextrin Nutrition 0.000 description 14
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 14
- 235000000346 sugar Nutrition 0.000 description 14
- WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-GASJEMHNSA-N Glucose Natural products OC[C@H]1OC(O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-GASJEMHNSA-N 0.000 description 13
- 239000008103 glucose Substances 0.000 description 12
- PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glycerine Chemical compound OCC(O)CO PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 11
- 241000209140 Triticum Species 0.000 description 11
- 108010019077 beta-Amylase Proteins 0.000 description 11
- 238000001879 gelation Methods 0.000 description 11
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 10
- ZCYVEMRRCGMTRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 7553-56-2 Chemical compound [I] ZCYVEMRRCGMTRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 229910052740 iodine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 9
- 239000011630 iodine Substances 0.000 description 9
- 244000005700 microbiome Species 0.000 description 9
- 108010028688 Isoamylase Proteins 0.000 description 8
- GXCLVBGFBYZDAG-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-[2-(1H-indol-3-yl)ethyl]-N-methylprop-2-en-1-amine Chemical compound CN(CCC1=CNC2=C1C=CC=C2)CC=C GXCLVBGFBYZDAG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 8
- 150000001720 carbohydrates Chemical class 0.000 description 8
- 235000014633 carbohydrates Nutrition 0.000 description 8
- 230000035784 germination Effects 0.000 description 8
- 108010089804 glycyl-threonine Proteins 0.000 description 8
- 230000035484 reaction time Effects 0.000 description 8
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 8
- 241000193830 Bacillus <bacterium> Species 0.000 description 7
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 description 7
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 241000880493 Leptailurus serval Species 0.000 description 7
- IMQLKJBTEOYOSI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phytic acid Natural products OP(O)(=O)OC1C(OP(O)(O)=O)C(OP(O)(O)=O)C(OP(O)(O)=O)C(OP(O)(O)=O)C1OP(O)(O)=O IMQLKJBTEOYOSI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 238000013016 damping Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 7
- 229920000945 Amylopectin Polymers 0.000 description 6
- 101710121765 Endo-1,4-beta-xylanase Proteins 0.000 description 6
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 238000013124 brewing process Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000008187 granular material Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 6
- YWAQATDNEKZFFK-BYPYZUCNSA-N Gly-Gly-Ser Chemical compound NCC(=O)NCC(=O)N[C@@H](CO)C(O)=O YWAQATDNEKZFFK-BYPYZUCNSA-N 0.000 description 5
- IMQLKJBTEOYOSI-GPIVLXJGSA-N Inositol-hexakisphosphate Chemical compound OP(O)(=O)O[C@H]1[C@H](OP(O)(O)=O)[C@@H](OP(O)(O)=O)[C@H](OP(O)(O)=O)[C@H](OP(O)(O)=O)[C@@H]1OP(O)(O)=O IMQLKJBTEOYOSI-GPIVLXJGSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 241000223259 Trichoderma Species 0.000 description 5
- 108010047857 aspartylglycine Proteins 0.000 description 5
- 108010092114 histidylphenylalanine Proteins 0.000 description 5
- 108010044374 isoleucyl-tyrosine Proteins 0.000 description 5
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000008399 tap water Substances 0.000 description 5
- 235000020679 tap water Nutrition 0.000 description 5
- UHPMCKVQTMMPCG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 5,8-dihydroxy-2-methoxy-6-methyl-7-(2-oxopropyl)naphthalene-1,4-dione Chemical compound CC1=C(CC(C)=O)C(O)=C2C(=O)C(OC)=CC(=O)C2=C1O UHPMCKVQTMMPCG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 241001513093 Aspergillus awamori Species 0.000 description 4
- 241000222120 Candida <Saccharomycetales> Species 0.000 description 4
- 229920002134 Carboxymethyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 241000223218 Fusarium Species 0.000 description 4
- LHRXAHLCRMQBGJ-RYUDHWBXSA-N Gly-Glu-Phe Chemical compound C1=CC=C(C=C1)C[C@@H](C(=O)O)NC(=O)[C@H](CCC(=O)O)NC(=O)CN LHRXAHLCRMQBGJ-RYUDHWBXSA-N 0.000 description 4
- JBCLFWXMTIKCCB-UHFFFAOYSA-N H-Gly-Phe-OH Natural products NCC(=O)NC(C(O)=O)CC1=CC=CC=C1 JBCLFWXMTIKCCB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- SITLTJHOQZFJGG-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-L-alpha-glutamyl-L-valine Natural products CC(C)C(C(O)=O)NC(=O)C(N)CCC(O)=O SITLTJHOQZFJGG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 241000228143 Penicillium Species 0.000 description 4
- ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phenol Chemical compound OC1=CC=CC=C1 ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphoric acid Chemical compound OP(O)(O)=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 235000010948 carboxy methyl cellulose Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 description 4
- 235000011187 glycerol Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- XKUKSGPZAADMRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N glycyl-glycyl-glycine Chemical compound NCC(=O)NCC(=O)NCC(O)=O XKUKSGPZAADMRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 235000015095 lager Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 235000002949 phytic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 4
- 108010051110 tyrosyl-lysine Proteins 0.000 description 4
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-M Acetate Chemical compound CC([O-])=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- RUXQNKVQSKOOBS-JURCDPSOSA-N Ala-Phe-Ile Chemical compound [H]N[C@@H](C)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC1=CC=CC=C1)C(=O)N[C@@H]([C@@H](C)CC)C(O)=O RUXQNKVQSKOOBS-JURCDPSOSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000004382 Amylase Substances 0.000 description 3
- 102000013142 Amylases Human genes 0.000 description 3
- 108010065511 Amylases Proteins 0.000 description 3
- PBSOQGZLPFVXPU-YUMQZZPRSA-N Arg-Glu-Gly Chemical compound [H]N[C@@H](CCCNC(N)=N)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCC(O)=O)C(=O)NCC(O)=O PBSOQGZLPFVXPU-YUMQZZPRSA-N 0.000 description 3
- CLICCYPMVFGUOF-IHRRRGAJSA-N Arg-Lys-Leu Chemical compound [H]N[C@@H](CCCNC(N)=N)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCCCN)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(C)C)C(O)=O CLICCYPMVFGUOF-IHRRRGAJSA-N 0.000 description 3
- POOCJCRBHHMAOS-FXQIFTODSA-N Asn-Arg-Ser Chemical compound [H]N[C@@H](CC(N)=O)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCCNC(N)=N)C(=O)N[C@@H](CO)C(O)=O POOCJCRBHHMAOS-FXQIFTODSA-N 0.000 description 3
- MYOHQBFRJQFIDZ-KKUMJFAQSA-N Asp-Leu-Tyr Chemical compound [H]N[C@@H](CC(O)=O)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(C)C)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC1=CC=C(O)C=C1)C(O)=O MYOHQBFRJQFIDZ-KKUMJFAQSA-N 0.000 description 3
- MRYDJCIIVRXVGG-QEJZJMRPSA-N Asp-Trp-Glu Chemical compound [H]N[C@@H](CC(O)=O)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC1=CNC2=C1C=CC=C2)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCC(O)=O)C(O)=O MRYDJCIIVRXVGG-QEJZJMRPSA-N 0.000 description 3
- ZUNMTUPRQMWMHX-LSJOCFKGSA-N Asp-Val-Val Chemical compound [H]N[C@@H](CC(O)=O)C(=O)N[C@@H](C(C)C)C(=O)N[C@@H](C(C)C)C(O)=O ZUNMTUPRQMWMHX-LSJOCFKGSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 241000228215 Aspergillus aculeatus Species 0.000 description 3
- 108010001682 Dextranase Proteins 0.000 description 3
- UMBDRSMLCUYIRI-DVJZZOLTSA-N Gly-Trp-Thr Chemical compound C[C@H]([C@@H](C(=O)O)NC(=O)[C@H](CC1=CNC2=CC=CC=C21)NC(=O)CN)O UMBDRSMLCUYIRI-DVJZZOLTSA-N 0.000 description 3
- YOSQCYUFZGPIPC-PBCZWWQYSA-N His-Asp-Thr Chemical compound [H]N[C@@H](CC1=CNC=N1)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(O)=O)C(=O)N[C@@H]([C@@H](C)O)C(O)=O YOSQCYUFZGPIPC-PBCZWWQYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 241000223198 Humicola Species 0.000 description 3
- OUYCCCASQSFEME-QMMMGPOBSA-N L-tyrosine Chemical compound OC(=O)[C@@H](N)CC1=CC=C(O)C=C1 OUYCCCASQSFEME-QMMMGPOBSA-N 0.000 description 3
- SUPVSFFZWVOEOI-CQDKDKBSSA-N Leu-Ala-Tyr Chemical compound CC(C)C[C@H](N)C(=O)N[C@@H](C)C(=O)N[C@H](C(O)=O)CC1=CC=C(O)C=C1 SUPVSFFZWVOEOI-CQDKDKBSSA-N 0.000 description 3
- SUPVSFFZWVOEOI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Leu-Ala-Tyr Natural products CC(C)CC(N)C(=O)NC(C)C(=O)NC(C(O)=O)CC1=CC=C(O)C=C1 SUPVSFFZWVOEOI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- ULXYQAJWJGLCNR-YUMQZZPRSA-N Leu-Asp-Gly Chemical compound CC(C)C[C@H](N)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(O)=O)C(=O)NCC(O)=O ULXYQAJWJGLCNR-YUMQZZPRSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 108090001060 Lipase Proteins 0.000 description 3
- 102000004882 Lipase Human genes 0.000 description 3
- YRWCPXOFBKTCFY-NUTKFTJISA-N Lys-Ala-Trp Chemical compound C[C@@H](C(=O)N[C@@H](CC1=CNC2=CC=CC=C21)C(=O)O)NC(=O)[C@H](CCCCN)N YRWCPXOFBKTCFY-NUTKFTJISA-N 0.000 description 3
- 240000005561 Musa balbisiana Species 0.000 description 3
- 235000018290 Musa x paradisiaca Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- PESQCPHRXOFIPX-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-L-methionyl-L-tyrosine Natural products CSCCC(N)C(=O)NC(C(O)=O)CC1=CC=C(O)C=C1 PESQCPHRXOFIPX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 244000046052 Phaseolus vulgaris Species 0.000 description 3
- 235000010627 Phaseolus vulgaris Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- BNRFQGLWLQESBG-YESZJQIVSA-N Phe-Lys-Pro Chemical compound C1C[C@@H](N(C1)C(=O)[C@H](CCCCN)NC(=O)[C@H](CC2=CC=CC=C2)N)C(=O)O BNRFQGLWLQESBG-YESZJQIVSA-N 0.000 description 3
- MSSXKZBDKZAHCX-UNQGMJICSA-N Phe-Thr-Val Chemical compound [H]N[C@@H](CC1=CC=CC=C1)C(=O)N[C@@H]([C@@H](C)O)C(=O)N[C@@H](C(C)C)C(O)=O MSSXKZBDKZAHCX-UNQGMJICSA-N 0.000 description 3
- GCFNFKNPCMBHNT-IRXDYDNUSA-N Phe-Tyr-Gly Chemical compound C1=CC=C(C=C1)C[C@@H](C(=O)N[C@@H](CC2=CC=C(C=C2)O)C(=O)NCC(=O)O)N GCFNFKNPCMBHNT-IRXDYDNUSA-N 0.000 description 3
- LCRSGSIRKLXZMZ-BPNCWPANSA-N Pro-Ala-Tyr Chemical compound [H]N1CCC[C@H]1C(=O)N[C@@H](C)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC1=CC=C(O)C=C1)C(O)=O LCRSGSIRKLXZMZ-BPNCWPANSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000004365 Protease Substances 0.000 description 3
- 241000235070 Saccharomyces Species 0.000 description 3
- OQPNSDWGAMFJNU-QWRGUYRKSA-N Ser-Gly-Tyr Chemical compound OC[C@H](N)C(=O)NCC(=O)N[C@H](C(O)=O)CC1=CC=C(O)C=C1 OQPNSDWGAMFJNU-QWRGUYRKSA-N 0.000 description 3
- HNDMFDBQXYZSRM-IHRRRGAJSA-N Ser-Val-Phe Chemical compound [H]N[C@@H](CO)C(=O)N[C@@H](C(C)C)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC1=CC=CC=C1)C(O)=O HNDMFDBQXYZSRM-IHRRRGAJSA-N 0.000 description 3
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- 244000062793 Sorghum vulgare Species 0.000 description 3
- DLZKEQQWXODGGZ-KWQFWETISA-N Tyr-Ala-Gly Chemical compound OC(=O)CNC(=O)[C@H](C)NC(=O)[C@@H](N)CC1=CC=C(O)C=C1 DLZKEQQWXODGGZ-KWQFWETISA-N 0.000 description 3
- DNOOLPROHJWCSQ-RCWTZXSCSA-N Val-Arg-Thr Chemical compound CC(C)[C@H](N)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCCN=C(N)N)C(=O)N[C@@H]([C@@H](C)O)C(O)=O DNOOLPROHJWCSQ-RCWTZXSCSA-N 0.000 description 3
- PDDJTOSAVNRJRH-UNQGMJICSA-N Val-Thr-Phe Chemical compound C[C@H]([C@@H](C(=O)N[C@@H](CC1=CC=CC=C1)C(=O)O)NC(=O)[C@H](C(C)C)N)O PDDJTOSAVNRJRH-UNQGMJICSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000002378 acidificating effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 108010045350 alanyl-tyrosyl-alanine Proteins 0.000 description 3
- 108010047495 alanylglycine Proteins 0.000 description 3
- 230000001476 alcoholic effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 102000020006 aldose 1-epimerase Human genes 0.000 description 3
- 108091022872 aldose 1-epimerase Proteins 0.000 description 3
- 235000001014 amino acid Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 150000001413 amino acids Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 235000019418 amylase Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 108010069205 aspartyl-phenylalanine Proteins 0.000 description 3
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 3
- 210000004027 cell Anatomy 0.000 description 3
- 239000013256 coordination polymer Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000002538 fungal effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- VPZXBVLAVMBEQI-UHFFFAOYSA-N glycyl-DL-alpha-alanine Natural products OC(=O)C(C)NC(=O)CN VPZXBVLAVMBEQI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- XBGGUPMXALFZOT-UHFFFAOYSA-N glycyl-L-tyrosine hemihydrate Natural products NCC(=O)NC(C(O)=O)CC1=CC=C(O)C=C1 XBGGUPMXALFZOT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 108010045126 glycyl-tyrosyl-glycine Proteins 0.000 description 3
- 108010015792 glycyllysine Proteins 0.000 description 3
- 108010034529 leucyl-lysine Proteins 0.000 description 3
- 235000021440 light beer Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 235000019713 millet Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 108010012581 phenylalanylglutamate Proteins 0.000 description 3
- NLKNQRATVPKPDG-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium iodide Chemical compound [K+].[I-] NLKNQRATVPKPDG-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 3
- 108090000765 processed proteins & peptides Proteins 0.000 description 3
- 235000019419 proteases Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 230000002797 proteolythic effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 3
- 235000015106 stout Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 108010075550 termamyl Proteins 0.000 description 3
- 150000004043 trisaccharides Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- OUYCCCASQSFEME-UHFFFAOYSA-N tyrosine Natural products OC(=O)C(N)CC1=CC=C(O)C=C1 OUYCCCASQSFEME-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 108010073969 valyllysine Proteins 0.000 description 3
- 229920001221 xylan Polymers 0.000 description 3
- IKKVASZHTMKJIR-ZKWXMUAHSA-N Ala-Asp-Val Chemical compound [H]N[C@@H](C)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(O)=O)C(=O)N[C@@H](C(C)C)C(O)=O IKKVASZHTMKJIR-ZKWXMUAHSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ROLXPVQSRCPVGK-XDTLVQLUSA-N Ala-Glu-Tyr Chemical compound N[C@@H](C)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCC(=O)O)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC1=CC=C(C=C1)O)C(=O)O ROLXPVQSRCPVGK-XDTLVQLUSA-N 0.000 description 2
- BEMGNWZECGIJOI-WDSKDSINSA-N Ala-Gly-Glu Chemical compound [H]N[C@@H](C)C(=O)NCC(=O)N[C@@H](CCC(O)=O)C(O)=O BEMGNWZECGIJOI-WDSKDSINSA-N 0.000 description 2
- SFPRJVVDZNLUTG-OWLDWWDNSA-N Ala-Trp-Thr Chemical compound [H]N[C@@H](C)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC1=CNC2=C1C=CC=C2)C(=O)N[C@@H]([C@@H](C)O)C(O)=O SFPRJVVDZNLUTG-OWLDWWDNSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XCIGOVDXZULBBV-DCAQKATOSA-N Ala-Val-Lys Chemical compound CC(C)[C@H](NC(=O)[C@H](C)N)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCCCN)C(O)=O XCIGOVDXZULBBV-DCAQKATOSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920000856 Amylose Polymers 0.000 description 2
- ASQYTJJWAMDISW-BPUTZDHNSA-N Arg-Asp-Trp Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C(=C1)C(=CN2)C[C@@H](C(=O)O)NC(=O)[C@H](CC(=O)O)NC(=O)[C@H](CCCN=C(N)N)N ASQYTJJWAMDISW-BPUTZDHNSA-N 0.000 description 2
- YKZJPIPFKGYHKY-DCAQKATOSA-N Arg-Leu-Asp Chemical compound [H]N[C@@H](CCCNC(N)=N)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(C)C)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(O)=O)C(O)=O YKZJPIPFKGYHKY-DCAQKATOSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CZUHPNLXLWMYMG-UBHSHLNASA-N Arg-Phe-Ala Chemical compound NC(N)=NCCC[C@H](N)C(=O)N[C@H](C(=O)N[C@@H](C)C(O)=O)CC1=CC=CC=C1 CZUHPNLXLWMYMG-UBHSHLNASA-N 0.000 description 2
- 108090000101 Asclepain Proteins 0.000 description 2
- JREOBWLIZLXRIS-GUBZILKMSA-N Asn-Glu-Leu Chemical compound [H]N[C@@H](CC(N)=O)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCC(O)=O)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(C)C)C(O)=O JREOBWLIZLXRIS-GUBZILKMSA-N 0.000 description 2
- DPWDPEVGACCWTC-SRVKXCTJSA-N Asn-Tyr-Ser Chemical compound [H]N[C@@H](CC(N)=O)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC1=CC=C(O)C=C1)C(=O)N[C@@H](CO)C(O)=O DPWDPEVGACCWTC-SRVKXCTJSA-N 0.000 description 2
- DGKCOYGQLNWNCJ-ACZMJKKPSA-N Asp-Glu-Ser Chemical compound [H]N[C@@H](CC(O)=O)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCC(O)=O)C(=O)N[C@@H](CO)C(O)=O DGKCOYGQLNWNCJ-ACZMJKKPSA-N 0.000 description 2
- NRIFEOUAFLTMFJ-AAEUAGOBSA-N Asp-Gly-Trp Chemical compound [H]N[C@@H](CC(O)=O)C(=O)NCC(=O)N[C@@H](CC1=CNC2=C1C=CC=C2)C(O)=O NRIFEOUAFLTMFJ-AAEUAGOBSA-N 0.000 description 2
- AYFVRYXNDHBECD-YUMQZZPRSA-N Asp-Leu-Gly Chemical compound [H]N[C@@H](CC(O)=O)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(C)C)C(=O)NCC(O)=O AYFVRYXNDHBECD-YUMQZZPRSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WQSXAPPYLGNMQL-IHRRRGAJSA-N Asp-Met-Tyr Chemical compound CSCC[C@@H](C(=O)N[C@@H](CC1=CC=C(C=C1)O)C(=O)O)NC(=O)[C@H](CC(=O)O)N WQSXAPPYLGNMQL-IHRRRGAJSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ITGFVUYOLWBPQW-KKHAAJSZSA-N Asp-Thr-Val Chemical compound [H]N[C@@H](CC(O)=O)C(=O)N[C@@H]([C@@H](C)O)C(=O)N[C@@H](C(C)C)C(O)=O ITGFVUYOLWBPQW-KKHAAJSZSA-N 0.000 description 2
- DKQCWCQRAMAFLN-UBHSHLNASA-N Asp-Trp-Asp Chemical compound [H]N[C@@H](CC(O)=O)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC1=CNC2=C1C=CC=C2)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(O)=O)C(O)=O DKQCWCQRAMAFLN-UBHSHLNASA-N 0.000 description 2
- OTKUAVXGMREHRX-CFMVVWHZSA-N Asp-Tyr-Ile Chemical compound CC[C@H](C)[C@@H](C(O)=O)NC(=O)[C@@H](NC(=O)[C@@H](N)CC(O)=O)CC1=CC=C(O)C=C1 OTKUAVXGMREHRX-CFMVVWHZSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QPDUWAUSSWGJSB-NGZCFLSTSA-N Asp-Val-Pro Chemical compound CC(C)[C@@H](C(=O)N1CCC[C@@H]1C(=O)O)NC(=O)[C@H](CC(=O)O)N QPDUWAUSSWGJSB-NGZCFLSTSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 244000075850 Avena orientalis Species 0.000 description 2
- 235000007319 Avena orientalis Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 235000007558 Avena sp Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 241000219310 Beta vulgaris subsp. vulgaris Species 0.000 description 2
- 108090000624 Cathepsin L Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 102000004172 Cathepsin L Human genes 0.000 description 2
- 241000905957 Channa melasoma Species 0.000 description 2
- KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-K Citrate Chemical compound [O-]C(=O)CC(O)(CC([O-])=O)C([O-])=O KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 2
- 241000193403 Clostridium Species 0.000 description 2
- 241000222356 Coriolus Species 0.000 description 2
- 241000195493 Cryptophyta Species 0.000 description 2
- 229920000858 Cyclodextrin Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 101710088194 Dehydrogenase Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 108090000371 Esterases Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 229930091371 Fructose Natural products 0.000 description 2
- RFSUNEUAIZKAJO-ARQDHWQXSA-N Fructose Chemical compound OC[C@H]1O[C@](O)(CO)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O RFSUNEUAIZKAJO-ARQDHWQXSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000005715 Fructose Substances 0.000 description 2
- 241000193385 Geobacillus stearothermophilus Species 0.000 description 2
- FQCILXROGNOZON-YUMQZZPRSA-N Gln-Pro-Gly Chemical compound NC(=O)CC[C@H](N)C(=O)N1CCC[C@H]1C(=O)NCC(O)=O FQCILXROGNOZON-YUMQZZPRSA-N 0.000 description 2
- LPIKVBWNNVFHCQ-GUBZILKMSA-N Gln-Ser-Leu Chemical compound [H]N[C@@H](CCC(N)=O)C(=O)N[C@@H](CO)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(C)C)C(O)=O LPIKVBWNNVFHCQ-GUBZILKMSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XMWNHGKDDIFXQJ-NWLDYVSISA-N Gln-Thr-Trp Chemical compound C[C@H]([C@@H](C(=O)N[C@@H](CC1=CNC2=CC=CC=C21)C(=O)O)NC(=O)[C@H](CCC(=O)N)N)O XMWNHGKDDIFXQJ-NWLDYVSISA-N 0.000 description 2
- QXQDADBVIBLBHN-FHWLQOOXSA-N Gln-Tyr-Phe Chemical compound [H]N[C@@H](CCC(N)=O)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC1=CC=C(O)C=C1)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC1=CC=CC=C1)C(O)=O QXQDADBVIBLBHN-FHWLQOOXSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KBKGRMNVKPSQIF-XDTLVQLUSA-N Glu-Ala-Tyr Chemical compound [H]N[C@@H](CCC(O)=O)C(=O)N[C@@H](C)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC1=CC=C(O)C=C1)C(O)=O KBKGRMNVKPSQIF-XDTLVQLUSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CKRUHITYRFNUKW-WDSKDSINSA-N Glu-Asn-Gly Chemical compound [H]N[C@@H](CCC(O)=O)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(N)=O)C(=O)NCC(O)=O CKRUHITYRFNUKW-WDSKDSINSA-N 0.000 description 2
- JYXKPJVDCAWMDG-ZPFDUUQYSA-N Glu-Pro-Ile Chemical compound CC[C@H](C)[C@@H](C(=O)O)NC(=O)[C@@H]1CCCN1C(=O)[C@H](CCC(=O)O)N JYXKPJVDCAWMDG-ZPFDUUQYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CGWHAXBNGYQBBK-JBACZVJFSA-N Glu-Trp-Tyr Chemical compound C([C@H](NC(=O)[C@H](CC=1C2=CC=CC=C2NC=1)NC(=O)[C@H](CCC(O)=O)N)C(O)=O)C1=CC=C(O)C=C1 CGWHAXBNGYQBBK-JBACZVJFSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 108050008938 Glucoamylases Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 239000004366 Glucose oxidase Substances 0.000 description 2
- 108010015776 Glucose oxidase Proteins 0.000 description 2
- RLFSBAPJTYKSLG-WHFBIAKZSA-N Gly-Ala-Asp Chemical compound NCC(=O)N[C@@H](C)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(O)=O)C(O)=O RLFSBAPJTYKSLG-WHFBIAKZSA-N 0.000 description 2
- AIJAPFVDBFYNKN-WHFBIAKZSA-N Gly-Asn-Asp Chemical compound C([C@@H](C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(=O)O)C(=O)O)NC(=O)CN)C(=O)N AIJAPFVDBFYNKN-WHFBIAKZSA-N 0.000 description 2
- FMNHBTKMRFVGRO-FOHZUACHSA-N Gly-Asn-Thr Chemical compound C[C@@H](O)[C@@H](C(O)=O)NC(=O)[C@H](CC(N)=O)NC(=O)CN FMNHBTKMRFVGRO-FOHZUACHSA-N 0.000 description 2
- BAYQNCWLXIDLHX-ONGXEEELSA-N Gly-Val-Leu Chemical compound CC(C)C[C@@H](C(O)=O)NC(=O)[C@H](C(C)C)NC(=O)CN BAYQNCWLXIDLHX-ONGXEEELSA-N 0.000 description 2
- RVKIPWVMZANZLI-UHFFFAOYSA-N H-Lys-Trp-OH Natural products C1=CC=C2C(CC(NC(=O)C(N)CCCCN)C(O)=O)=CNC2=C1 RVKIPWVMZANZLI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- -1 Hexose phosphate Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- QMUHTRISZMFKAY-MXAVVETBSA-N His-Ile-Lys Chemical compound CC[C@H](C)[C@@H](C(=O)N[C@@H](CCCCN)C(=O)O)NC(=O)[C@H](CC1=CN=CN1)N QMUHTRISZMFKAY-MXAVVETBSA-N 0.000 description 2
- GYXDQXPCPASCNR-NHCYSSNCSA-N His-Val-Asn Chemical compound CC(C)[C@@H](C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(=O)N)C(=O)O)NC(=O)[C@H](CC1=CN=CN1)N GYXDQXPCPASCNR-NHCYSSNCSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 241001480714 Humicola insolens Species 0.000 description 2
- NKRJALPCDNXULF-BYULHYEWSA-N Ile-Asp-Gly Chemical compound [H]N[C@@H]([C@@H](C)CC)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(O)=O)C(=O)NCC(O)=O NKRJALPCDNXULF-BYULHYEWSA-N 0.000 description 2
- AKOYRLRUFBZOSP-BJDJZHNGSA-N Ile-Lys-Ser Chemical compound CC[C@H](C)[C@@H](C(=O)N[C@@H](CCCCN)C(=O)N[C@@H](CO)C(=O)O)N AKOYRLRUFBZOSP-BJDJZHNGSA-N 0.000 description 2
- YBKKLDBBPFIXBQ-MBLNEYKQSA-N Ile-Thr-Gly Chemical compound CC[C@H](C)[C@@H](C(=O)N[C@@H]([C@@H](C)O)C(=O)NCC(=O)O)N YBKKLDBBPFIXBQ-MBLNEYKQSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 108010065920 Insulin Lispro Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 244000017020 Ipomoea batatas Species 0.000 description 2
- 235000002678 Ipomoea batatas Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- QIVBCDIJIAJPQS-VIFPVBQESA-N L-tryptophane Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C(C[C@H](N)C(O)=O)=CNC2=C1 QIVBCDIJIAJPQS-VIFPVBQESA-N 0.000 description 2
- LZDNBBYBDGBADK-UHFFFAOYSA-N L-valyl-L-tryptophan Natural products C1=CC=C2C(CC(NC(=O)C(N)C(C)C)C(O)=O)=CNC2=C1 LZDNBBYBDGBADK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 108010029541 Laccase Proteins 0.000 description 2
- LIINDKYIGYTDLG-PPCPHDFISA-N Leu-Ile-Thr Chemical compound [H]N[C@@H](CC(C)C)C(=O)N[C@@H]([C@@H](C)CC)C(=O)N[C@@H]([C@@H](C)O)C(O)=O LIINDKYIGYTDLG-PPCPHDFISA-N 0.000 description 2
- ZRHDPZAAWLXXIR-SRVKXCTJSA-N Leu-Lys-Ala Chemical compound [H]N[C@@H](CC(C)C)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCCCN)C(=O)N[C@@H](C)C(O)=O ZRHDPZAAWLXXIR-SRVKXCTJSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VCHVSKNMTXWIIP-SRVKXCTJSA-N Leu-Lys-Ser Chemical compound [H]N[C@@H](CC(C)C)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCCCN)C(=O)N[C@@H](CO)C(O)=O VCHVSKNMTXWIIP-SRVKXCTJSA-N 0.000 description 2
- LQUIENKUVKPNIC-ULQDDVLXSA-N Leu-Met-Tyr Chemical compound [H]N[C@@H](CC(C)C)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCSC)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC1=CC=C(O)C=C1)C(O)=O LQUIENKUVKPNIC-ULQDDVLXSA-N 0.000 description 2
- RGUXWMDNCPMQFB-YUMQZZPRSA-N Leu-Ser-Gly Chemical compound CC(C)C[C@H](N)C(=O)N[C@@H](CO)C(=O)NCC(O)=O RGUXWMDNCPMQFB-YUMQZZPRSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000004367 Lipase Substances 0.000 description 2
- CKSXSQUVEYCDIW-AVGNSLFASA-N Lys-Arg-Met Chemical compound CSCC[C@@H](C(=O)O)NC(=O)[C@H](CCCN=C(N)N)NC(=O)[C@H](CCCCN)N CKSXSQUVEYCDIW-AVGNSLFASA-N 0.000 description 2
- VQXAVLQBQJMENB-SRVKXCTJSA-N Lys-Glu-Met Chemical compound [H]N[C@@H](CCCCN)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCC(O)=O)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCSC)C(O)=O VQXAVLQBQJMENB-SRVKXCTJSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ITWQLSZTLBKWJM-YUMQZZPRSA-N Lys-Gly-Ala Chemical compound OC(=O)[C@H](C)NC(=O)CNC(=O)[C@@H](N)CCCCN ITWQLSZTLBKWJM-YUMQZZPRSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WVJNGSFKBKOKRV-AJNGGQMLSA-N Lys-Leu-Ile Chemical compound [H]N[C@@H](CCCCN)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(C)C)C(=O)N[C@@H]([C@@H](C)CC)C(O)=O WVJNGSFKBKOKRV-AJNGGQMLSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CUHGAUZONORRIC-HJGDQZAQSA-N Lys-Thr-Asn Chemical compound C[C@H]([C@@H](C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(=O)N)C(=O)O)NC(=O)[C@H](CCCCN)N)O CUHGAUZONORRIC-HJGDQZAQSA-N 0.000 description 2
- RQILLQOQXLZTCK-KBPBESRZSA-N Lys-Tyr-Gly Chemical compound [H]N[C@@H](CCCCN)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC1=CC=C(O)C=C1)C(=O)NCC(O)=O RQILLQOQXLZTCK-KBPBESRZSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 241000235395 Mucor Species 0.000 description 2
- WUGMRIBZSVSJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-L-alanyl-L-tryptophan Natural products C1=CC=C2C(CC(NC(=O)C(N)C)C(O)=O)=CNC2=C1 WUGMRIBZSVSJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XMBSYZWANAQXEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-alpha-L-glutamyl-L-phenylalanine Natural products OC(=O)CCC(N)C(=O)NC(C(O)=O)CC1=CC=CC=C1 XMBSYZWANAQXEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 108010066427 N-valyltryptophan Proteins 0.000 description 2
- BQVUABVGYYSDCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nalpha-L-Leucyl-L-tryptophan Natural products C1=CC=C2C(CC(NC(=O)C(N)CC(C)C)C(O)=O)=CNC2=C1 BQVUABVGYYSDCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 241000221960 Neurospora Species 0.000 description 2
- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- MRNRMSDVVSKPGM-AVGNSLFASA-N Phe-Asn-Gln Chemical compound [H]N[C@@H](CC1=CC=CC=C1)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(N)=O)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCC(N)=O)C(O)=O MRNRMSDVVSKPGM-AVGNSLFASA-N 0.000 description 2
- WZEWCHQHNCMBEN-PMVMPFDFSA-N Phe-Lys-Trp Chemical compound C1=CC=C(C=C1)C[C@@H](C(=O)N[C@@H](CCCCN)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC2=CNC3=CC=CC=C32)C(=O)O)N WZEWCHQHNCMBEN-PMVMPFDFSA-N 0.000 description 2
- GLJZDMZJHFXJQG-BZSNNMDCSA-N Phe-Ser-Phe Chemical compound [H]N[C@@H](CC1=CC=CC=C1)C(=O)N[C@@H](CO)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC1=CC=CC=C1)C(O)=O GLJZDMZJHFXJQG-BZSNNMDCSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 240000004713 Pisum sativum Species 0.000 description 2
- 235000010582 Pisum sativum Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- UAYHMOIGIQZLFR-NHCYSSNCSA-N Pro-Gln-Val Chemical compound [H]N1CCC[C@H]1C(=O)N[C@@H](CCC(N)=O)C(=O)N[C@@H](C(C)C)C(O)=O UAYHMOIGIQZLFR-NHCYSSNCSA-N 0.000 description 2
- LNICFEXCAHIJOR-DCAQKATOSA-N Pro-Ser-Leu Chemical compound [H]N1CCC[C@H]1C(=O)N[C@@H](CO)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(C)C)C(O)=O LNICFEXCAHIJOR-DCAQKATOSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 241000235525 Rhizomucor pusillus Species 0.000 description 2
- 241000235527 Rhizopus Species 0.000 description 2
- 241000582914 Saccharomyces uvarum Species 0.000 description 2
- 240000000111 Saccharum officinarum Species 0.000 description 2
- 235000007201 Saccharum officinarum Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 241001558929 Sclerotium <basidiomycota> Species 0.000 description 2
- KYKKKSWGEPFUMR-NAKRPEOUSA-N Ser-Arg-Ile Chemical compound [H]N[C@@H](CO)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCCNC(N)=N)C(=O)N[C@@H]([C@@H](C)CC)C(O)=O KYKKKSWGEPFUMR-NAKRPEOUSA-N 0.000 description 2
- BNFVPSRLHHPQKS-WHFBIAKZSA-N Ser-Asp-Gly Chemical compound [H]N[C@@H](CO)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(O)=O)C(=O)NCC(O)=O BNFVPSRLHHPQKS-WHFBIAKZSA-N 0.000 description 2
- UIGMAMGZOJVTDN-WHFBIAKZSA-N Ser-Gly-Ser Chemical compound OC[C@H](N)C(=O)NCC(=O)N[C@@H](CO)C(O)=O UIGMAMGZOJVTDN-WHFBIAKZSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VZQRNAYURWAEFE-KKUMJFAQSA-N Ser-Leu-Phe Chemical compound OC[C@H](N)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(C)C)C(=O)N[C@H](C(O)=O)CC1=CC=CC=C1 VZQRNAYURWAEFE-KKUMJFAQSA-N 0.000 description 2
- BDMWLJLPPUCLNV-XGEHTFHBSA-N Ser-Thr-Val Chemical compound [H]N[C@@H](CO)C(=O)N[C@@H]([C@@H](C)O)C(=O)N[C@@H](C(C)C)C(O)=O BDMWLJLPPUCLNV-XGEHTFHBSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OQSQCUWQOIHECT-YJRXYDGGSA-N Ser-Tyr-Thr Chemical compound [H]N[C@@H](CO)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC1=CC=C(O)C=C1)C(=O)N[C@@H]([C@@H](C)O)C(O)=O OQSQCUWQOIHECT-YJRXYDGGSA-N 0.000 description 2
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 240000006394 Sorghum bicolor Species 0.000 description 2
- 235000011684 Sorghum saccharatum Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 235000021536 Sugar beet Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- UKBSDLHIKIXJKH-HJGDQZAQSA-N Thr-Arg-Glu Chemical compound [H]N[C@@H]([C@@H](C)O)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCCNC(N)=N)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCC(O)=O)C(O)=O UKBSDLHIKIXJKH-HJGDQZAQSA-N 0.000 description 2
- HJOSVGCWOTYJFG-WDCWCFNPSA-N Thr-Glu-Lys Chemical compound C[C@H]([C@@H](C(=O)N[C@@H](CCC(=O)O)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCCCN)C(=O)O)N)O HJOSVGCWOTYJFG-WDCWCFNPSA-N 0.000 description 2
- FIFDDJFLNVAVMS-RHYQMDGZSA-N Thr-Leu-Met Chemical compound [H]N[C@@H]([C@@H](C)O)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(C)C)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCSC)C(O)=O FIFDDJFLNVAVMS-RHYQMDGZSA-N 0.000 description 2
- JLNMFGCJODTXDH-WEDXCCLWSA-N Thr-Lys-Gly Chemical compound [H]N[C@@H]([C@@H](C)O)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCCCN)C(=O)NCC(O)=O JLNMFGCJODTXDH-WEDXCCLWSA-N 0.000 description 2
- NDZYTIMDOZMECO-SHGPDSBTSA-N Thr-Thr-Ala Chemical compound [H]N[C@@H]([C@@H](C)O)C(=O)N[C@@H]([C@@H](C)O)C(=O)N[C@@H](C)C(O)=O NDZYTIMDOZMECO-SHGPDSBTSA-N 0.000 description 2
- SSNGFWKILJLTQM-QEJZJMRPSA-N Trp-Gln-Asn Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C(=C1)C(=CN2)C[C@@H](C(=O)N[C@@H](CCC(=O)N)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(=O)N)C(=O)O)N SSNGFWKILJLTQM-QEJZJMRPSA-N 0.000 description 2
- RWAYYYOZMHMEGD-XIRDDKMYSA-N Trp-Leu-Ser Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C(C[C@H](N)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(C)C)C(=O)N[C@@H](CO)C(O)=O)=CNC2=C1 RWAYYYOZMHMEGD-XIRDDKMYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- RQKMZXSRILVOQZ-GMVOTWDCSA-N Trp-Tyr-Ala Chemical compound C[C@@H](C(=O)O)NC(=O)[C@H](CC1=CC=C(C=C1)O)NC(=O)[C@H](CC2=CNC3=CC=CC=C32)N RQKMZXSRILVOQZ-GMVOTWDCSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QIVBCDIJIAJPQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tryptophan Natural products C1=CC=C2C(CC(N)C(O)=O)=CNC2=C1 QIVBCDIJIAJPQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KSVMDJJCYKIXTK-IGNZVWTISA-N Tyr-Ala-Tyr Chemical compound C([C@H](N)C(=O)N[C@@H](C)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC=1C=CC(O)=CC=1)C(O)=O)C1=CC=C(O)C=C1 KSVMDJJCYKIXTK-IGNZVWTISA-N 0.000 description 2
- YRBHLWWGSSQICE-IHRRRGAJSA-N Tyr-Asp-Met Chemical compound [H]N[C@@H](CC1=CC=C(O)C=C1)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(O)=O)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCSC)C(O)=O YRBHLWWGSSQICE-IHRRRGAJSA-N 0.000 description 2
- TZXFLDNBYYGLKA-BZSNNMDCSA-N Tyr-Asp-Tyr Chemical compound C([C@H](N)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(O)=O)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC=1C=CC(O)=CC=1)C(O)=O)C1=CC=C(O)C=C1 TZXFLDNBYYGLKA-BZSNNMDCSA-N 0.000 description 2
- MVFQLSPDMMFCMW-KKUMJFAQSA-N Tyr-Leu-Asn Chemical compound [H]N[C@@H](CC1=CC=C(O)C=C1)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(C)C)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(N)=O)C(O)=O MVFQLSPDMMFCMW-KKUMJFAQSA-N 0.000 description 2
- NWEGIYMHTZXVBP-JSGCOSHPSA-N Tyr-Val-Gly Chemical compound [H]N[C@@H](CC1=CC=C(O)C=C1)C(=O)N[C@@H](C(C)C)C(=O)NCC(O)=O NWEGIYMHTZXVBP-JSGCOSHPSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CGGVNFJRZJUVAE-BYULHYEWSA-N Val-Asp-Asn Chemical compound CC(C)[C@@H](C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(=O)O)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(=O)N)C(=O)O)N CGGVNFJRZJUVAE-BYULHYEWSA-N 0.000 description 2
- YODDULVCGFQRFZ-ZKWXMUAHSA-N Val-Asp-Ser Chemical compound CC(C)[C@H](N)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(O)=O)C(=O)N[C@@H](CO)C(O)=O YODDULVCGFQRFZ-ZKWXMUAHSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CVIXTAITYJQMPE-LAEOZQHASA-N Val-Glu-Asn Chemical compound CC(C)[C@H](N)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCC(O)=O)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(N)=O)C(O)=O CVIXTAITYJQMPE-LAEOZQHASA-N 0.000 description 2
- UEHRGZCNLSWGHK-DLOVCJGASA-N Val-Glu-Val Chemical compound CC(C)[C@H](N)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCC(O)=O)C(=O)N[C@@H](C(C)C)C(O)=O UEHRGZCNLSWGHK-DLOVCJGASA-N 0.000 description 2
- PGQUDQYHWICSAB-NAKRPEOUSA-N Val-Ser-Ile Chemical compound CC[C@H](C)[C@@H](C(=O)O)NC(=O)[C@H](CO)NC(=O)[C@H](C(C)C)N PGQUDQYHWICSAB-NAKRPEOUSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 2
- 108010024078 alanyl-glycyl-serine Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 108010086434 alanyl-seryl-glycine Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 235000015107 ale Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 244000010262 apichu Species 0.000 description 2
- 108010038850 arginyl-isoleucyl-tyrosine Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 210000000544 articulatio talocruralis Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 108010010430 asparagine-proline-alanine Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 230000033228 biological regulation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000001768 carboxy methyl cellulose Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000008112 carboxymethyl-cellulose Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920002678 cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000001913 cellulose Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004590 computer program Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000029087 digestion Effects 0.000 description 2
- 108010054812 diprotin A Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 108010054813 diprotin B Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 238000004090 dissolution Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000035622 drinking Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000002255 enzymatic effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000012634 fragment Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229940116332 glucose oxidase Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 235000019420 glucose oxidase Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 108010078144 glutaminyl-glycine Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 230000013595 glycosylation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000006206 glycosylation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 108010092515 glycyl endopeptidase Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 108010010096 glycyl-glycyl-tyrosine Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 108010050848 glycylleucine Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004128 high performance liquid chromatography Methods 0.000 description 2
- 108010040030 histidinoalanine Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 108010018006 histidylserine Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 238000007654 immersion Methods 0.000 description 2
- 108010031424 isoleucyl-prolyl-proline Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 235000021374 legumes Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 235000019421 lipase Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 108010064235 lysylglycine Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 108010038320 lysylphenylalanine Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000004060 metabolic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 108010084572 phenylalanyl-valine Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 239000010452 phosphate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000011007 phosphoric acid Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 229940068041 phytic acid Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 239000000467 phytic acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920001184 polypeptide Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 150000008442 polyphenolic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 235000013824 polyphenols Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 102000004196 processed proteins & peptides Human genes 0.000 description 2
- 108010004914 prolylarginine Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 235000018102 proteins Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 102000004169 proteins and genes Human genes 0.000 description 2
- 108090000623 proteins and genes Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 230000002441 reversible effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- HFHDHCJBZVLPGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N schardinger α-dextrin Chemical compound O1C(C(C2O)O)C(CO)OC2OC(C(C2O)O)C(CO)OC2OC(C(C2O)O)C(CO)OC2OC(C(O)C2O)C(CO)OC2OC(C(C2O)O)C(CO)OC2OC2C(O)C(O)C1OC2CO HFHDHCJBZVLPGP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 210000000582 semen Anatomy 0.000 description 2
- 238000002791 soaking Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000001360 synchronised effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229960004799 tryptophan Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 108010038745 tryptophylglycine Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 108010005834 tyrosyl-alanyl-glycine Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 235000013311 vegetables Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 230000007279 water homeostasis Effects 0.000 description 2
- JNTMAZFVYNDPLB-PEDHHIEDSA-N (2S,3S)-2-[[[(2S)-1-[(2S,3S)-2-amino-3-methyl-1-oxopentyl]-2-pyrrolidinyl]-oxomethyl]amino]-3-methylpentanoic acid Chemical compound CC[C@H](C)[C@H](N)C(=O)N1CCC[C@H]1C(=O)N[C@@H]([C@@H](C)CC)C(O)=O JNTMAZFVYNDPLB-PEDHHIEDSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OFHXPCLWHLXQHT-JKQORVJESA-N (2s)-2-[[(2s)-2-[[(2s)-2-[[(2s)-2,6-diaminohexanoyl]amino]-3-methylbutanoyl]amino]-4-methylpentanoyl]amino]butanedioic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C[C@@H](C(O)=O)NC(=O)[C@H](CC(C)C)NC(=O)[C@H](C(C)C)NC(=O)[C@@H](N)CCCCN OFHXPCLWHLXQHT-JKQORVJESA-N 0.000 description 1
- TUSDEZXZIZRFGC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-O-galloyl-3,6-(R)-HHDP-beta-D-glucose Natural products OC1C(O2)COC(=O)C3=CC(O)=C(O)C(O)=C3C3=C(O)C(O)=C(O)C=C3C(=O)OC1C(O)C2OC(=O)C1=CC(O)=C(O)C(O)=C1 TUSDEZXZIZRFGC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 108010080981 3-phytase Proteins 0.000 description 1
- DBTMGCOVALSLOR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 32-alpha-galactosyl-3-alpha-galactosyl-galactose Natural products OC1C(O)C(O)C(CO)OC1OC1C(O)C(OC2C(C(CO)OC(O)C2O)O)OC(CO)C1O DBTMGCOVALSLOR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YLTKNGYYPIWKHZ-ACZMJKKPSA-N Ala-Ala-Glu Chemical compound C[C@H](N)C(=O)N[C@@H](C)C(=O)N[C@H](C(O)=O)CCC(O)=O YLTKNGYYPIWKHZ-ACZMJKKPSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CXRCVCURMBFFOL-FXQIFTODSA-N Ala-Ala-Pro Chemical compound C[C@H](N)C(=O)N[C@@H](C)C(=O)N1CCC[C@H]1C(O)=O CXRCVCURMBFFOL-FXQIFTODSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JBVSSSZFNTXJDX-YTLHQDLWSA-N Ala-Ala-Thr Chemical compound C[C@@H](O)[C@@H](C(O)=O)NC(=O)[C@H](C)NC(=O)[C@H](C)N JBVSSSZFNTXJDX-YTLHQDLWSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JBGSZRYCXBPWGX-BQBZGAKWSA-N Ala-Arg-Gly Chemical compound OC(=O)CNC(=O)[C@@H](NC(=O)[C@@H](N)C)CCCN=C(N)N JBGSZRYCXBPWGX-BQBZGAKWSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HGRBNYQIMKTUNT-XVYDVKMFSA-N Ala-Asn-His Chemical compound C[C@@H](C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(=O)N)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC1=CN=CN1)C(=O)O)N HGRBNYQIMKTUNT-XVYDVKMFSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NXSFUECZFORGOG-CIUDSAMLSA-N Ala-Asn-Leu Chemical compound [H]N[C@@H](C)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(N)=O)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(C)C)C(O)=O NXSFUECZFORGOG-CIUDSAMLSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NHCPCLJZRSIDHS-ZLUOBGJFSA-N Ala-Asp-Ala Chemical compound [H]N[C@@H](C)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(O)=O)C(=O)N[C@@H](C)C(O)=O NHCPCLJZRSIDHS-ZLUOBGJFSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GSCLWXDNIMNIJE-ZLUOBGJFSA-N Ala-Asp-Asn Chemical compound [H]N[C@@H](C)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(O)=O)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(N)=O)C(O)=O GSCLWXDNIMNIJE-ZLUOBGJFSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KIUYPHAMDKDICO-WHFBIAKZSA-N Ala-Asp-Gly Chemical compound C[C@H](N)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(O)=O)C(=O)NCC(O)=O KIUYPHAMDKDICO-WHFBIAKZSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GWFSQQNGMPGBEF-GHCJXIJMSA-N Ala-Asp-Ile Chemical compound CC[C@H](C)[C@@H](C(=O)O)NC(=O)[C@H](CC(=O)O)NC(=O)[C@H](C)N GWFSQQNGMPGBEF-GHCJXIJMSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZIWWTZWAKYBUOB-CIUDSAMLSA-N Ala-Asp-Leu Chemical compound [H]N[C@@H](C)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(O)=O)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(C)C)C(O)=O ZIWWTZWAKYBUOB-CIUDSAMLSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BUDNAJYVCUHLSV-ZLUOBGJFSA-N Ala-Asp-Ser Chemical compound C[C@H](N)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(O)=O)C(=O)N[C@@H](CO)C(O)=O BUDNAJYVCUHLSV-ZLUOBGJFSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NFDVJAKFMXHJEQ-HERUPUMHSA-N Ala-Asp-Trp Chemical compound C[C@@H](C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(=O)O)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC1=CNC2=CC=CC=C21)C(=O)O)N NFDVJAKFMXHJEQ-HERUPUMHSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BVSGPHDECMJBDE-HGNGGELXSA-N Ala-Glu-His Chemical compound C[C@@H](C(=O)N[C@@H](CCC(=O)O)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC1=CN=CN1)C(=O)O)N BVSGPHDECMJBDE-HGNGGELXSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HXNNRBHASOSVPG-GUBZILKMSA-N Ala-Glu-Leu Chemical compound [H]N[C@@H](C)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCC(O)=O)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(C)C)C(O)=O HXNNRBHASOSVPG-GUBZILKMSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VGPWRRFOPXVGOH-BYPYZUCNSA-N Ala-Gly-Gly Chemical compound C[C@H](N)C(=O)NCC(=O)NCC(O)=O VGPWRRFOPXVGOH-BYPYZUCNSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BLIMFWGRQKRCGT-YUMQZZPRSA-N Ala-Gly-Lys Chemical compound C[C@H](N)C(=O)NCC(=O)N[C@H](C(O)=O)CCCCN BLIMFWGRQKRCGT-YUMQZZPRSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SMCGQGDVTPFXKB-XPUUQOCRSA-N Ala-Gly-Val Chemical compound CC(C)[C@@H](C(O)=O)NC(=O)CNC(=O)[C@H](C)N SMCGQGDVTPFXKB-XPUUQOCRSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PNALXAODQKTNLV-JBDRJPRFSA-N Ala-Ile-Ala Chemical compound C[C@H](N)C(=O)N[C@@H]([C@@H](C)CC)C(=O)N[C@@H](C)C(O)=O PNALXAODQKTNLV-JBDRJPRFSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NYDBKUNVSALYPX-NAKRPEOUSA-N Ala-Ile-Arg Chemical compound C[C@H](N)C(=O)N[C@@H]([C@@H](C)CC)C(=O)N[C@H](C(O)=O)CCCN=C(N)N NYDBKUNVSALYPX-NAKRPEOUSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DVJSJDDYCYSMFR-ZKWXMUAHSA-N Ala-Ile-Gly Chemical compound [H]N[C@@H](C)C(=O)N[C@@H]([C@@H](C)CC)C(=O)NCC(O)=O DVJSJDDYCYSMFR-ZKWXMUAHSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SUMYEVXWCAYLLJ-GUBZILKMSA-N Ala-Leu-Gln Chemical compound [H]N[C@@H](C)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(C)C)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCC(N)=O)C(O)=O SUMYEVXWCAYLLJ-GUBZILKMSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CCDFBRZVTDDJNM-GUBZILKMSA-N Ala-Leu-Glu Chemical compound [H]N[C@@H](C)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(C)C)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCC(O)=O)C(O)=O CCDFBRZVTDDJNM-GUBZILKMSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DPNZTBKGAUAZQU-DLOVCJGASA-N Ala-Leu-His Chemical compound C[C@@H](C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(C)C)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC1=CN=CN1)C(=O)O)N DPNZTBKGAUAZQU-DLOVCJGASA-N 0.000 description 1
- AJBVYEYZVYPFCF-CIUDSAMLSA-N Ala-Lys-Asn Chemical compound [H]N[C@@H](C)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCCCN)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(N)=O)C(O)=O AJBVYEYZVYPFCF-CIUDSAMLSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SUHLZMHFRALVSY-YUMQZZPRSA-N Ala-Lys-Gly Chemical compound NCCCC[C@H](NC(=O)[C@@H](N)C)C(=O)NCC(O)=O SUHLZMHFRALVSY-YUMQZZPRSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WEZNQZHACPSMEF-QEJZJMRPSA-N Ala-Phe-Lys Chemical compound NCCCC[C@@H](C(O)=O)NC(=O)[C@@H](NC(=O)[C@@H](N)C)CC1=CC=CC=C1 WEZNQZHACPSMEF-QEJZJMRPSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IPZQNYYAYVRKKK-FXQIFTODSA-N Ala-Pro-Ala Chemical compound C[C@H](N)C(=O)N1CCC[C@H]1C(=O)N[C@@H](C)C(O)=O IPZQNYYAYVRKKK-FXQIFTODSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ADSGHMXEAZJJNF-DCAQKATOSA-N Ala-Pro-Leu Chemical compound CC(C)C[C@@H](C(O)=O)NC(=O)[C@@H]1CCCN1C(=O)[C@H](C)N ADSGHMXEAZJJNF-DCAQKATOSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RMAWDDRDTRSZIR-ZLUOBGJFSA-N Ala-Ser-Asp Chemical compound [H]N[C@@H](C)C(=O)N[C@@H](CO)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(O)=O)C(O)=O RMAWDDRDTRSZIR-ZLUOBGJFSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MMLHRUJLOUSRJX-CIUDSAMLSA-N Ala-Ser-Lys Chemical compound C[C@H](N)C(=O)N[C@@H](CO)C(=O)N[C@H](C(O)=O)CCCCN MMLHRUJLOUSRJX-CIUDSAMLSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NCQMBSJGJMYKCK-ZLUOBGJFSA-N Ala-Ser-Ser Chemical compound [H]N[C@@H](C)C(=O)N[C@@H](CO)C(=O)N[C@@H](CO)C(O)=O NCQMBSJGJMYKCK-ZLUOBGJFSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WQKAQKZRDIZYNV-VZFHVOOUSA-N Ala-Ser-Thr Chemical compound [H]N[C@@H](C)C(=O)N[C@@H](CO)C(=O)N[C@@H]([C@@H](C)O)C(O)=O WQKAQKZRDIZYNV-VZFHVOOUSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UCDOXFBTMLKASE-HERUPUMHSA-N Ala-Ser-Trp Chemical compound C[C@@H](C(=O)N[C@@H](CO)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC1=CNC2=CC=CC=C21)C(=O)O)N UCDOXFBTMLKASE-HERUPUMHSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QKHWNPQNOHEFST-VZFHVOOUSA-N Ala-Thr-Cys Chemical compound C[C@H]([C@@H](C(=O)N[C@@H](CS)C(=O)O)NC(=O)[C@H](C)N)O QKHWNPQNOHEFST-VZFHVOOUSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LSMDIAAALJJLRO-XQXXSGGOSA-N Ala-Thr-Glu Chemical compound [H]N[C@@H](C)C(=O)N[C@@H]([C@@H](C)O)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCC(O)=O)C(O)=O LSMDIAAALJJLRO-XQXXSGGOSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WNHNMKOFKCHKKD-BFHQHQDPSA-N Ala-Thr-Gly Chemical compound [H]N[C@@H](C)C(=O)N[C@@H]([C@@H](C)O)C(=O)NCC(O)=O WNHNMKOFKCHKKD-BFHQHQDPSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LTTLSZVJTDSACD-OWLDWWDNSA-N Ala-Thr-Trp Chemical compound [H]N[C@@H](C)C(=O)N[C@@H]([C@@H](C)O)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC1=CNC2=C1C=CC=C2)C(O)=O LTTLSZVJTDSACD-OWLDWWDNSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WUGMRIBZSVSJNP-UFBFGSQYSA-N Ala-Trp Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C(C[C@H](NC(=O)[C@@H](N)C)C(O)=O)=CNC2=C1 WUGMRIBZSVSJNP-UFBFGSQYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CKIBTNMWVMKAHB-RWGOJESNSA-N Ala-Trp-Trp Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C(C[C@H](NC(=O)[C@H](CC=3C4=CC=CC=C4NC=3)NC(=O)[C@@H](N)C)C(O)=O)=CNC2=C1 CKIBTNMWVMKAHB-RWGOJESNSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YCTIYBUTCKNOTI-UWJYBYFXSA-N Ala-Tyr-Asp Chemical compound C[C@@H](C(=O)N[C@@H](CC1=CC=C(C=C1)O)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(=O)O)C(=O)O)N YCTIYBUTCKNOTI-UWJYBYFXSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GCTANJIJJROSLH-GVARAGBVSA-N Ala-Tyr-Ile Chemical compound CC[C@H](C)[C@@H](C(=O)O)NC(=O)[C@H](CC1=CC=C(C=C1)O)NC(=O)[C@H](C)N GCTANJIJJROSLH-GVARAGBVSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZJLORAAXDAJLDC-CQDKDKBSSA-N Ala-Tyr-Leu Chemical compound [H]N[C@@H](C)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC1=CC=C(O)C=C1)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(C)C)C(O)=O ZJLORAAXDAJLDC-CQDKDKBSSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XAXMJQUMRJAFCH-CQDKDKBSSA-N Ala-Tyr-Lys Chemical compound NCCCC[C@@H](C(O)=O)NC(=O)[C@@H](NC(=O)[C@@H](N)C)CC1=CC=C(O)C=C1 XAXMJQUMRJAFCH-CQDKDKBSSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SSQHYGLFYWZWDV-UVBJJODRSA-N Ala-Val-Trp Chemical compound CC(C)[C@H](NC(=O)[C@H](C)N)C(=O)N[C@@H](Cc1c[nH]c2ccccc12)C(O)=O SSQHYGLFYWZWDV-UVBJJODRSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JSHVMZANPXCDTL-GMOBBJLQSA-N Arg-Asp-Ile Chemical compound [H]N[C@@H](CCCNC(N)=N)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(O)=O)C(=O)N[C@@H]([C@@H](C)CC)C(O)=O JSHVMZANPXCDTL-GMOBBJLQSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SNBHMYQRNCJSOJ-CIUDSAMLSA-N Arg-Gln-Asn Chemical compound [H]N[C@@H](CCCNC(N)=N)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCC(N)=O)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(N)=O)C(O)=O SNBHMYQRNCJSOJ-CIUDSAMLSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HPKSHFSEXICTLI-CIUDSAMLSA-N Arg-Glu-Ala Chemical compound [H]N[C@@H](CCCNC(N)=N)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCC(O)=O)C(=O)N[C@@H](C)C(O)=O HPKSHFSEXICTLI-CIUDSAMLSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OHYQKYUTLIPFOX-ZPFDUUQYSA-N Arg-Glu-Ile Chemical compound [H]N[C@@H](CCCNC(N)=N)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCC(O)=O)C(=O)N[C@@H]([C@@H](C)CC)C(O)=O OHYQKYUTLIPFOX-ZPFDUUQYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YKBHOXLMMPZPHQ-GMOBBJLQSA-N Arg-Ile-Asp Chemical compound [H]N[C@@H](CCCNC(N)=N)C(=O)N[C@@H]([C@@H](C)CC)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(O)=O)C(O)=O YKBHOXLMMPZPHQ-GMOBBJLQSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FNXCAFKDGBROCU-STECZYCISA-N Arg-Ile-Tyr Chemical compound NC(N)=NCCC[C@H](N)C(=O)N[C@@H]([C@@H](C)CC)C(=O)N[C@H](C(O)=O)CC1=CC=C(O)C=C1 FNXCAFKDGBROCU-STECZYCISA-N 0.000 description 1
- GMFAGHNRXPSSJS-SRVKXCTJSA-N Arg-Leu-Gln Chemical compound [H]N[C@@H](CCCNC(N)=N)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(C)C)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCC(N)=O)C(O)=O GMFAGHNRXPSSJS-SRVKXCTJSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RIIVUOJDDQXHRV-SRVKXCTJSA-N Arg-Lys-Gln Chemical compound [H]N[C@@H](CCCNC(N)=N)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCCCN)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCC(N)=O)C(O)=O RIIVUOJDDQXHRV-SRVKXCTJSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CVXXSWQORBZAAA-SRVKXCTJSA-N Arg-Lys-Glu Chemical compound OC(=O)CC[C@@H](C(O)=O)NC(=O)[C@H](CCCCN)NC(=O)[C@@H](N)CCCN=C(N)N CVXXSWQORBZAAA-SRVKXCTJSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BNYNOWJESJJIOI-XUXIUFHCSA-N Arg-Lys-Ile Chemical compound CC[C@H](C)[C@@H](C(=O)O)NC(=O)[C@H](CCCCN)NC(=O)[C@H](CCCN=C(N)N)N BNYNOWJESJJIOI-XUXIUFHCSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QHVRVUNEAIFTEK-SZMVWBNQSA-N Arg-Pro-Trp Chemical compound N[C@@H](CCCNC(N)=N)C(=O)N1CCC[C@H]1C(=O)N[C@@H](Cc1c[nH]c2ccccc12)C(O)=O QHVRVUNEAIFTEK-SZMVWBNQSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ADPACBMPYWJJCE-FXQIFTODSA-N Arg-Ser-Asp Chemical compound [H]N[C@@H](CCCNC(N)=N)C(=O)N[C@@H](CO)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(O)=O)C(O)=O ADPACBMPYWJJCE-FXQIFTODSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WCZXPVPHUMYLMS-VEVYYDQMSA-N Arg-Thr-Asp Chemical compound [H]N[C@@H](CCCNC(N)=N)C(=O)N[C@@H]([C@@H](C)O)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(O)=O)C(O)=O WCZXPVPHUMYLMS-VEVYYDQMSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LYJXHXGPWDTLKW-HJGDQZAQSA-N Arg-Thr-Gln Chemical compound C[C@H]([C@@H](C(=O)N[C@@H](CCC(=O)N)C(=O)O)NC(=O)[C@H](CCCN=C(N)N)N)O LYJXHXGPWDTLKW-HJGDQZAQSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RYQSYXFGFOTJDJ-RHYQMDGZSA-N Arg-Thr-Leu Chemical compound [H]N[C@@H](CCCNC(N)=N)C(=O)N[C@@H]([C@@H](C)O)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(C)C)C(O)=O RYQSYXFGFOTJDJ-RHYQMDGZSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DDBMKOCQWNFDBH-RHYQMDGZSA-N Arg-Thr-Lys Chemical compound C[C@H]([C@@H](C(=O)N[C@@H](CCCCN)C(=O)O)NC(=O)[C@H](CCCN=C(N)N)N)O DDBMKOCQWNFDBH-RHYQMDGZSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VJIQPOJMISSUPO-BVSLBCMMSA-N Arg-Trp-Tyr Chemical compound [H]N[C@@H](CCCNC(N)=N)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC1=CNC2=C1C=CC=C2)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC1=CC=C(O)C=C1)C(O)=O VJIQPOJMISSUPO-BVSLBCMMSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HZPSDHRYYIORKR-WHFBIAKZSA-N Asn-Ala-Gly Chemical compound OC(=O)CNC(=O)[C@H](C)NC(=O)[C@@H](N)CC(N)=O HZPSDHRYYIORKR-WHFBIAKZSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XHFXZQHTLJVZBN-FXQIFTODSA-N Asn-Arg-Asn Chemical compound C(C[C@@H](C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(=O)N)C(=O)O)NC(=O)[C@H](CC(=O)N)N)CN=C(N)N XHFXZQHTLJVZBN-FXQIFTODSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BDMIFVIWCNLDCT-CIUDSAMLSA-N Asn-Arg-Glu Chemical compound [H]N[C@@H](CC(N)=O)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCCNC(N)=N)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCC(O)=O)C(O)=O BDMIFVIWCNLDCT-CIUDSAMLSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XSGBIBGAMKTHMY-WHFBIAKZSA-N Asn-Asp-Gly Chemical compound [H]N[C@@H](CC(N)=O)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(O)=O)C(=O)NCC(O)=O XSGBIBGAMKTHMY-WHFBIAKZSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZWASIOHRQWRWAS-UGYAYLCHSA-N Asn-Asp-Ile Chemical compound [H]N[C@@H](CC(N)=O)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(O)=O)C(=O)N[C@@H]([C@@H](C)CC)C(O)=O ZWASIOHRQWRWAS-UGYAYLCHSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VYLVOMUVLMGCRF-ZLUOBGJFSA-N Asn-Asp-Ser Chemical compound NC(=O)C[C@H](N)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(O)=O)C(=O)N[C@@H](CO)C(O)=O VYLVOMUVLMGCRF-ZLUOBGJFSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DXVMJJNAOVECBA-WHFBIAKZSA-N Asn-Gly-Asn Chemical compound NC(=O)C[C@H](N)C(=O)NCC(=O)N[C@@H](CC(N)=O)C(O)=O DXVMJJNAOVECBA-WHFBIAKZSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RAQMSGVCGSJKCL-FOHZUACHSA-N Asn-Gly-Thr Chemical compound C[C@@H](O)[C@@H](C(O)=O)NC(=O)CNC(=O)[C@@H](N)CC(N)=O RAQMSGVCGSJKCL-FOHZUACHSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UDSVWSUXKYXSTR-QWRGUYRKSA-N Asn-Gly-Tyr Chemical compound [H]N[C@@H](CC(N)=O)C(=O)NCC(=O)N[C@@H](CC1=CC=C(O)C=C1)C(O)=O UDSVWSUXKYXSTR-QWRGUYRKSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XLHLPYFMXGOASD-CIUDSAMLSA-N Asn-His-Asp Chemical compound C1=C(NC=N1)C[C@@H](C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(=O)O)C(=O)O)NC(=O)[C@H](CC(=O)N)N XLHLPYFMXGOASD-CIUDSAMLSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FHETWELNCBMRMG-HJGDQZAQSA-N Asn-Leu-Thr Chemical compound [H]N[C@@H](CC(N)=O)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(C)C)C(=O)N[C@@H]([C@@H](C)O)C(O)=O FHETWELNCBMRMG-HJGDQZAQSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RCFGLXMZDYNRSC-CIUDSAMLSA-N Asn-Lys-Ala Chemical compound [H]N[C@@H](CC(N)=O)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCCCN)C(=O)N[C@@H](C)C(O)=O RCFGLXMZDYNRSC-CIUDSAMLSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KSGAFDTYQPKUAP-GMOBBJLQSA-N Asn-Met-Ile Chemical compound [H]N[C@@H](CC(N)=O)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCSC)C(=O)N[C@@H]([C@@H](C)CC)C(O)=O KSGAFDTYQPKUAP-GMOBBJLQSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PPCORQFLAZWUNO-QWRGUYRKSA-N Asn-Phe-Gly Chemical compound C1=CC=C(C=C1)C[C@@H](C(=O)NCC(=O)O)NC(=O)[C@H](CC(=O)N)N PPCORQFLAZWUNO-QWRGUYRKSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PLTGTJAZQRGMPP-FXQIFTODSA-N Asn-Pro-Ala Chemical compound OC(=O)[C@H](C)NC(=O)[C@@H]1CCCN1C(=O)[C@@H](N)CC(N)=O PLTGTJAZQRGMPP-FXQIFTODSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QXOPPIDJKPEKCW-GUBZILKMSA-N Asn-Pro-Arg Chemical compound C1C[C@H](N(C1)C(=O)[C@H](CC(=O)N)N)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCCN=C(N)N)C(=O)O QXOPPIDJKPEKCW-GUBZILKMSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GMUOCGCDOYYWPD-FXQIFTODSA-N Asn-Pro-Ser Chemical compound [H]N[C@@H](CC(N)=O)C(=O)N1CCC[C@H]1C(=O)N[C@@H](CO)C(O)=O GMUOCGCDOYYWPD-FXQIFTODSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WLVLIYYBPPONRJ-GCJQMDKQSA-N Asn-Thr-Ala Chemical compound [H]N[C@@H](CC(N)=O)C(=O)N[C@@H]([C@@H](C)O)C(=O)N[C@@H](C)C(O)=O WLVLIYYBPPONRJ-GCJQMDKQSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BCADFFUQHIMQAA-KKHAAJSZSA-N Asn-Thr-Val Chemical compound [H]N[C@@H](CC(N)=O)C(=O)N[C@@H]([C@@H](C)O)C(=O)N[C@@H](C(C)C)C(O)=O BCADFFUQHIMQAA-KKHAAJSZSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JPPLRQVZMZFOSX-UWJYBYFXSA-N Asn-Tyr-Ala Chemical compound NC(=O)C[C@H](N)C(=O)N[C@H](C(=O)N[C@@H](C)C(O)=O)CC1=CC=C(O)C=C1 JPPLRQVZMZFOSX-UWJYBYFXSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DXHINQUXBZNUCF-MELADBBJSA-N Asn-Tyr-Pro Chemical compound C1C[C@@H](N(C1)C(=O)[C@H](CC2=CC=C(C=C2)O)NC(=O)[C@H](CC(=O)N)N)C(=O)O DXHINQUXBZNUCF-MELADBBJSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CBWCQCANJSGUOH-ZKWXMUAHSA-N Asn-Val-Ala Chemical compound [H]N[C@@H](CC(N)=O)C(=O)N[C@@H](C(C)C)C(=O)N[C@@H](C)C(O)=O CBWCQCANJSGUOH-ZKWXMUAHSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GHWWTICYPDKPTE-NGZCFLSTSA-N Asn-Val-Pro Chemical compound CC(C)[C@@H](C(=O)N1CCC[C@@H]1C(=O)O)NC(=O)[C@H](CC(=O)N)N GHWWTICYPDKPTE-NGZCFLSTSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KRXIWXCXOARFNT-ZLUOBGJFSA-N Asp-Ala-Ala Chemical compound OC(=O)[C@H](C)NC(=O)[C@H](C)NC(=O)[C@@H](N)CC(O)=O KRXIWXCXOARFNT-ZLUOBGJFSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XEDQMTWEYFBOIK-ACZMJKKPSA-N Asp-Ala-Glu Chemical compound [H]N[C@@H](CC(O)=O)C(=O)N[C@@H](C)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCC(O)=O)C(O)=O XEDQMTWEYFBOIK-ACZMJKKPSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NECWUSYTYSIFNC-DLOVCJGASA-N Asp-Ala-Phe Chemical compound OC(=O)C[C@H](N)C(=O)N[C@@H](C)C(=O)N[C@H](C(O)=O)CC1=CC=CC=C1 NECWUSYTYSIFNC-DLOVCJGASA-N 0.000 description 1
- QHAJMRDEWNAIBQ-FXQIFTODSA-N Asp-Arg-Asn Chemical compound [H]N[C@@H](CC(O)=O)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCCNC(N)=N)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(N)=O)C(O)=O QHAJMRDEWNAIBQ-FXQIFTODSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MRQQMVZUHXUPEV-IHRRRGAJSA-N Asp-Arg-Phe Chemical compound [H]N[C@@H](CC(O)=O)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCCNC(N)=N)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC1=CC=CC=C1)C(O)=O MRQQMVZUHXUPEV-IHRRRGAJSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BUVNWKQBMZLCDW-UGYAYLCHSA-N Asp-Asn-Ile Chemical compound [H]N[C@@H](CC(O)=O)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(N)=O)C(=O)N[C@@H]([C@@H](C)CC)C(O)=O BUVNWKQBMZLCDW-UGYAYLCHSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KNMRXHIAVXHCLW-ZLUOBGJFSA-N Asp-Asn-Ser Chemical compound C([C@@H](C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(=O)N)C(=O)N[C@@H](CO)C(=O)O)N)C(=O)O KNMRXHIAVXHCLW-ZLUOBGJFSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XACXDSRQIXRMNS-OLHMAJIHSA-N Asp-Asn-Thr Chemical compound C[C@H]([C@@H](C(=O)O)NC(=O)[C@H](CC(=O)N)NC(=O)[C@H](CC(=O)O)N)O XACXDSRQIXRMNS-OLHMAJIHSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SBHUBSDEZQFJHJ-CIUDSAMLSA-N Asp-Asp-Leu Chemical compound CC(C)C[C@@H](C(O)=O)NC(=O)[C@H](CC(O)=O)NC(=O)[C@@H](N)CC(O)=O SBHUBSDEZQFJHJ-CIUDSAMLSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NURJSGZGBVJFAD-ZLUOBGJFSA-N Asp-Cys-Ser Chemical compound C([C@@H](C(=O)N[C@@H](CS)C(=O)N[C@@H](CO)C(=O)O)N)C(=O)O NURJSGZGBVJFAD-ZLUOBGJFSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SNAWMGHSCHKSDK-GUBZILKMSA-N Asp-Gln-Lys Chemical compound C(CCN)C[C@@H](C(=O)O)NC(=O)[C@H](CCC(=O)N)NC(=O)[C@H](CC(=O)O)N SNAWMGHSCHKSDK-GUBZILKMSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PSLSTUMPZILTAH-BYULHYEWSA-N Asp-Gly-Ile Chemical compound CC[C@H](C)[C@@H](C(O)=O)NC(=O)CNC(=O)[C@@H](N)CC(O)=O PSLSTUMPZILTAH-BYULHYEWSA-N 0.000 description 1
- POTCZYQVVNXUIG-BQBZGAKWSA-N Asp-Gly-Pro Chemical compound OC(=O)C[C@H](N)C(=O)NCC(=O)N1CCC[C@H]1C(O)=O POTCZYQVVNXUIG-BQBZGAKWSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SNDBKTFJWVEVPO-WHFBIAKZSA-N Asp-Gly-Ser Chemical compound [H]N[C@@H](CC(O)=O)C(=O)NCC(=O)N[C@@H](CO)C(O)=O SNDBKTFJWVEVPO-WHFBIAKZSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SVABRQFIHCSNCI-FOHZUACHSA-N Asp-Gly-Thr Chemical compound [H]N[C@@H](CC(O)=O)C(=O)NCC(=O)N[C@@H]([C@@H](C)O)C(O)=O SVABRQFIHCSNCI-FOHZUACHSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WYOSXGYAKZQPGF-SRVKXCTJSA-N Asp-His-His Chemical compound C1=C(NC=N1)C[C@@H](C(=O)N[C@@H](CC2=CN=CN2)C(=O)O)NC(=O)[C@H](CC(=O)O)N WYOSXGYAKZQPGF-SRVKXCTJSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UBPMOJLRVMGTOQ-GARJFASQSA-N Asp-His-Pro Chemical compound C1C[C@@H](N(C1)C(=O)[C@H](CC2=CN=CN2)NC(=O)[C@H](CC(=O)O)N)C(=O)O UBPMOJLRVMGTOQ-GARJFASQSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ICZWAZVKLACMKR-CIUDSAMLSA-N Asp-His-Ser Chemical compound OC(=O)C[C@H](N)C(=O)N[C@H](C(=O)N[C@@H](CO)C(O)=O)CC1=CN=CN1 ICZWAZVKLACMKR-CIUDSAMLSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CYCKJEFVFNRWEZ-UGYAYLCHSA-N Asp-Ile-Asn Chemical compound [H]N[C@@H](CC(O)=O)C(=O)N[C@@H]([C@@H](C)CC)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(N)=O)C(O)=O CYCKJEFVFNRWEZ-UGYAYLCHSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NHSDEZURHWEZPN-SXTJYALSSA-N Asp-Ile-Ile Chemical compound CC[C@H](C)[C@@H](C(=O)N[C@@H]([C@@H](C)CC)C(=O)O)NC(=O)[C@H](CC(=O)O)N NHSDEZURHWEZPN-SXTJYALSSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KYQNAIMCTRZLNP-QSFUFRPTSA-N Asp-Ile-Val Chemical compound [H]N[C@@H](CC(O)=O)C(=O)N[C@@H]([C@@H](C)CC)C(=O)N[C@@H](C(C)C)C(O)=O KYQNAIMCTRZLNP-QSFUFRPTSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PAYPSKIBMDHZPI-CIUDSAMLSA-N Asp-Leu-Asp Chemical compound [H]N[C@@H](CC(O)=O)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(C)C)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(O)=O)C(O)=O PAYPSKIBMDHZPI-CIUDSAMLSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CZECQDPEMSVPDH-MNXVOIDGSA-N Asp-Leu-Val-Ser Chemical compound OC(=O)C[C@H](N)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(C)C)C(=O)N[C@@H](C(C)C)C(=O)N[C@@H](CO)C(O)=O CZECQDPEMSVPDH-MNXVOIDGSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GKWFMNNNYZHJHV-SRVKXCTJSA-N Asp-Lys-Leu Chemical compound CC(C)C[C@@H](C(O)=O)NC(=O)[C@H](CCCCN)NC(=O)[C@@H](N)CC(O)=O GKWFMNNNYZHJHV-SRVKXCTJSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WWOYXVBGHAHQBG-FXQIFTODSA-N Asp-Met-Asp Chemical compound [H]N[C@@H](CC(O)=O)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCSC)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(O)=O)C(O)=O WWOYXVBGHAHQBG-FXQIFTODSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LIJXJYGRSRWLCJ-IHRRRGAJSA-N Asp-Phe-Arg Chemical compound [H]N[C@@H](CC(O)=O)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC1=CC=CC=C1)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCCNC(N)=N)C(O)=O LIJXJYGRSRWLCJ-IHRRRGAJSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XUVTWGPERWIERB-IHRRRGAJSA-N Asp-Pro-Phe Chemical compound N[C@@H](CC(O)=O)C(=O)N1CCC[C@H]1C(=O)N[C@@H](Cc1ccccc1)C(O)=O XUVTWGPERWIERB-IHRRRGAJSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RVMXMLSYBTXCAV-VEVYYDQMSA-N Asp-Pro-Thr Chemical compound [H]N[C@@H](CC(O)=O)C(=O)N1CCC[C@H]1C(=O)N[C@@H]([C@@H](C)O)C(O)=O RVMXMLSYBTXCAV-VEVYYDQMSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SXLCDCZHNCLFGZ-BPUTZDHNSA-N Asp-Pro-Trp Chemical compound [H]N[C@@H](CC(O)=O)C(=O)N1CCC[C@H]1C(=O)N[C@@H](CC1=CNC2=C1C=CC=C2)C(O)=O SXLCDCZHNCLFGZ-BPUTZDHNSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZVGRHIRJLWBWGJ-ACZMJKKPSA-N Asp-Ser-Gln Chemical compound [H]N[C@@H](CC(O)=O)C(=O)N[C@@H](CO)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCC(N)=O)C(O)=O ZVGRHIRJLWBWGJ-ACZMJKKPSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MGSVBZIBCCKGCY-ZLUOBGJFSA-N Asp-Ser-Ser Chemical compound [H]N[C@@H](CC(O)=O)C(=O)N[C@@H](CO)C(=O)N[C@@H](CO)C(O)=O MGSVBZIBCCKGCY-ZLUOBGJFSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JSHWXQIZOCVWIA-ZKWXMUAHSA-N Asp-Ser-Val Chemical compound [H]N[C@@H](CC(O)=O)C(=O)N[C@@H](CO)C(=O)N[C@@H](C(C)C)C(O)=O JSHWXQIZOCVWIA-ZKWXMUAHSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JJQGZGOEDSSHTE-FOHZUACHSA-N Asp-Thr-Gly Chemical compound [H]N[C@@H](CC(O)=O)C(=O)N[C@@H]([C@@H](C)O)C(=O)NCC(O)=O JJQGZGOEDSSHTE-FOHZUACHSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GCACQYDBDHRVGE-LKXGYXEUSA-N Asp-Thr-Ser Chemical compound OC[C@@H](C(O)=O)NC(=O)[C@H]([C@H](O)C)NC(=O)[C@@H](N)CC(O)=O GCACQYDBDHRVGE-LKXGYXEUSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RSMZEHCMIOKNMW-GSSVUCPTSA-N Asp-Thr-Thr Chemical compound [H]N[C@@H](CC(O)=O)C(=O)N[C@@H]([C@@H](C)O)C(=O)N[C@@H]([C@@H](C)O)C(O)=O RSMZEHCMIOKNMW-GSSVUCPTSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KNOGLZBISUBTFW-QRTARXTBSA-N Asp-Trp-Val Chemical compound [H]N[C@@H](CC(O)=O)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC1=CNC2=C1C=CC=C2)C(=O)N[C@@H](C(C)C)C(O)=O KNOGLZBISUBTFW-QRTARXTBSA-N 0.000 description 1
- USENATHVGFXRNO-SRVKXCTJSA-N Asp-Tyr-Asp Chemical compound OC(=O)C[C@H](N)C(=O)N[C@H](C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(O)=O)C(O)=O)CC1=CC=C(O)C=C1 USENATHVGFXRNO-SRVKXCTJSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NWAHPBGBDIFUFD-KKUMJFAQSA-N Asp-Tyr-Leu Chemical compound [H]N[C@@H](CC(O)=O)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC1=CC=C(O)C=C1)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(C)C)C(O)=O NWAHPBGBDIFUFD-KKUMJFAQSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SQIARYGNVQWOSB-BZSNNMDCSA-N Asp-Tyr-Phe Chemical compound [H]N[C@@H](CC(O)=O)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC1=CC=C(O)C=C1)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC1=CC=CC=C1)C(O)=O SQIARYGNVQWOSB-BZSNNMDCSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CZIVKMOEXPILDK-SRVKXCTJSA-N Asp-Tyr-Ser Chemical compound [H]N[C@@H](CC(O)=O)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC1=CC=C(O)C=C1)C(=O)N[C@@H](CO)C(O)=O CZIVKMOEXPILDK-SRVKXCTJSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UXRVDHVARNBOIO-QSFUFRPTSA-N Asp-Val-Ile Chemical compound CC[C@H](C)[C@@H](C(=O)O)NC(=O)[C@H](C(C)C)NC(=O)[C@H](CC(=O)O)N UXRVDHVARNBOIO-QSFUFRPTSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 102000035101 Aspartic proteases Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108091005502 Aspartic proteases Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 241001178532 Aspergillus amyloliquefaciens Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000228251 Aspergillus phoenicis Species 0.000 description 1
- 241001632498 Bacillus sp. NCIB 12289 Species 0.000 description 1
- 108090000391 Caricain Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 108010084185 Cellulases Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 102000005575 Cellulases Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108090001069 Chymopapain Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 241001509321 Clostridium thermoamylolyticum Species 0.000 description 1
- DZLQXIFVQFTFJY-BYPYZUCNSA-N Cys-Gly-Gly Chemical compound SC[C@H](N)C(=O)NCC(=O)NCC(O)=O DZLQXIFVQFTFJY-BYPYZUCNSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NAPULYCVEVVFRB-HEIBUPTGSA-N Cys-Thr-Thr Chemical compound C[C@@H](O)[C@@H](C(O)=O)NC(=O)[C@H]([C@@H](C)O)NC(=O)[C@@H](N)CS NAPULYCVEVVFRB-HEIBUPTGSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WKKKNGNJDGATNS-QEJZJMRPSA-N Cys-Trp-Glu Chemical compound [H]N[C@@H](CS)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC1=CNC2=C1C=CC=C2)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCC(O)=O)C(O)=O WKKKNGNJDGATNS-QEJZJMRPSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RXVWSYJTUUKTEA-UHFFFAOYSA-N D-maltotriose Natural products OC1C(O)C(OC(C(O)CO)C(O)C(O)C=O)OC(CO)C1OC1C(O)C(O)C(O)C(CO)O1 RXVWSYJTUUKTEA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920002307 Dextran Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 101100317179 Dictyostelium discoideum vps26 gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 101100407639 Emericella nidulans (strain FGSC A4 / ATCC 38163 / CBS 112.46 / NRRL 194 / M139) prtB gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 241001246273 Endothia Species 0.000 description 1
- 101000925662 Enterobacteria phage PRD1 Endolysin Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 239000001263 FEMA 3042 Substances 0.000 description 1
- CRRFJBGUGNNOCS-PEFMBERDSA-N Gln-Asp-Ile Chemical compound [H]N[C@@H](CCC(N)=O)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(O)=O)C(=O)N[C@@H]([C@@H](C)CC)C(O)=O CRRFJBGUGNNOCS-PEFMBERDSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UICOTGULOUGGLC-NUMRIWBASA-N Gln-Asp-Thr Chemical compound C[C@H]([C@@H](C(=O)O)NC(=O)[C@H](CC(=O)O)NC(=O)[C@H](CCC(=O)N)N)O UICOTGULOUGGLC-NUMRIWBASA-N 0.000 description 1
- OFPWCBGRYAOLMU-AVGNSLFASA-N Gln-Asp-Tyr Chemical compound C1=CC(=CC=C1C[C@@H](C(=O)O)NC(=O)[C@H](CC(=O)O)NC(=O)[C@H](CCC(=O)N)N)O OFPWCBGRYAOLMU-AVGNSLFASA-N 0.000 description 1
- MADFVRSKEIEZHZ-DCAQKATOSA-N Gln-Gln-Lys Chemical compound C(CCN)C[C@@H](C(=O)O)NC(=O)[C@H](CCC(=O)N)NC(=O)[C@H](CCC(=O)N)N MADFVRSKEIEZHZ-DCAQKATOSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DRDSQGHKTLSNEA-GLLZPBPUSA-N Gln-Glu-Thr Chemical compound [H]N[C@@H](CCC(N)=O)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCC(O)=O)C(=O)N[C@@H]([C@@H](C)O)C(O)=O DRDSQGHKTLSNEA-GLLZPBPUSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QQAPDATZKKTBIY-YUMQZZPRSA-N Gln-Gly-Met Chemical compound [H]N[C@@H](CCC(N)=O)C(=O)NCC(=O)N[C@@H](CCSC)C(O)=O QQAPDATZKKTBIY-YUMQZZPRSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XQEAVUJIRZRLQQ-SZMVWBNQSA-N Gln-His-Trp Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C(=C1)C(=CN2)C[C@@H](C(=O)O)NC(=O)[C@H](CC3=CN=CN3)NC(=O)[C@H](CCC(=O)N)N XQEAVUJIRZRLQQ-SZMVWBNQSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OOLCSQQPSLIETN-JYJNAYRXSA-N Gln-His-Tyr Chemical compound C1=CC(=CC=C1C[C@@H](C(=O)O)NC(=O)[C@H](CC2=CN=CN2)NC(=O)[C@H](CCC(=O)N)N)O OOLCSQQPSLIETN-JYJNAYRXSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GQZDDFRXSDGUNG-YVNDNENWSA-N Gln-Ile-Gln Chemical compound [H]N[C@@H](CCC(N)=O)C(=O)N[C@@H]([C@@H](C)CC)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCC(N)=O)C(O)=O GQZDDFRXSDGUNG-YVNDNENWSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MTCXQQINVAFZKW-MNXVOIDGSA-N Gln-Ile-Lys Chemical compound CC[C@H](C)[C@@H](C(=O)N[C@@H](CCCCN)C(=O)O)NC(=O)[C@H](CCC(=O)N)N MTCXQQINVAFZKW-MNXVOIDGSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XFAUJGNLHIGXET-AVGNSLFASA-N Gln-Leu-Leu Chemical compound [H]N[C@@H](CCC(N)=O)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(C)C)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(C)C)C(O)=O XFAUJGNLHIGXET-AVGNSLFASA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZBKUIQNCRIYVGH-SDDRHHMPSA-N Gln-Leu-Pro Chemical compound CC(C)C[C@@H](C(=O)N1CCC[C@@H]1C(=O)O)NC(=O)[C@H](CCC(=O)N)N ZBKUIQNCRIYVGH-SDDRHHMPSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DOQUICBEISTQHE-CIUDSAMLSA-N Gln-Pro-Asp Chemical compound [H]N[C@@H](CCC(N)=O)C(=O)N1CCC[C@H]1C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(O)=O)C(O)=O DOQUICBEISTQHE-CIUDSAMLSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KUBFPYIMAGXGBT-ACZMJKKPSA-N Gln-Ser-Ala Chemical compound [H]N[C@@H](CCC(N)=O)C(=O)N[C@@H](CO)C(=O)N[C@@H](C)C(O)=O KUBFPYIMAGXGBT-ACZMJKKPSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UTOQQOMEJDPDMX-ACZMJKKPSA-N Gln-Ser-Asp Chemical compound [H]N[C@@H](CCC(N)=O)C(=O)N[C@@H](CO)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(O)=O)C(O)=O UTOQQOMEJDPDMX-ACZMJKKPSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SXFPZRRVWSUYII-KBIXCLLPSA-N Gln-Ser-Ile Chemical compound CC[C@H](C)[C@@H](C(=O)O)NC(=O)[C@H](CO)NC(=O)[C@H](CCC(=O)N)N SXFPZRRVWSUYII-KBIXCLLPSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ININBLZFFVOQIO-JHEQGTHGSA-N Gln-Thr-Gly Chemical compound C[C@H]([C@@H](C(=O)NCC(=O)O)NC(=O)[C@H](CCC(=O)N)N)O ININBLZFFVOQIO-JHEQGTHGSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SDSMVVSHLAAOJL-UKJIMTQDSA-N Gln-Val-Ile Chemical compound CC[C@H](C)[C@@H](C(=O)O)NC(=O)[C@H](C(C)C)NC(=O)[C@H](CCC(=O)N)N SDSMVVSHLAAOJL-UKJIMTQDSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CSMHMEATMDCQNY-DZKIICNBSA-N Gln-Val-Tyr Chemical compound [H]N[C@@H](CCC(N)=O)C(=O)N[C@@H](C(C)C)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC1=CC=C(O)C=C1)C(O)=O CSMHMEATMDCQNY-DZKIICNBSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SZXSSXUNOALWCH-ACZMJKKPSA-N Glu-Ala-Asn Chemical compound [H]N[C@@H](CCC(O)=O)C(=O)N[C@@H](C)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(N)=O)C(O)=O SZXSSXUNOALWCH-ACZMJKKPSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZJICFHQSPWFBKP-AVGNSLFASA-N Glu-Asn-Tyr Chemical compound [H]N[C@@H](CCC(O)=O)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(N)=O)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC1=CC=C(O)C=C1)C(O)=O ZJICFHQSPWFBKP-AVGNSLFASA-N 0.000 description 1
- NADWTMLCUDMDQI-ACZMJKKPSA-N Glu-Asp-Cys Chemical compound C(CC(=O)O)[C@@H](C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(=O)O)C(=O)N[C@@H](CS)C(=O)O)N NADWTMLCUDMDQI-ACZMJKKPSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VAIWPXWHWAPYDF-FXQIFTODSA-N Glu-Asp-Gln Chemical compound [H]N[C@@H](CCC(O)=O)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(O)=O)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCC(N)=O)C(O)=O VAIWPXWHWAPYDF-FXQIFTODSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CJWANNXUTOATSJ-DCAQKATOSA-N Glu-Gln-His Chemical compound C1=C(NC=N1)C[C@@H](C(=O)O)NC(=O)[C@H](CCC(=O)N)NC(=O)[C@H](CCC(=O)O)N CJWANNXUTOATSJ-DCAQKATOSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BUAKRRKDHSSIKK-IHRRRGAJSA-N Glu-Glu-Tyr Chemical compound OC(=O)CC[C@H](N)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCC(O)=O)C(=O)N[C@H](C(O)=O)CC1=CC=C(O)C=C1 BUAKRRKDHSSIKK-IHRRRGAJSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GGJOGFJIPPGNRK-JSGCOSHPSA-N Glu-Gly-Trp Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C(C[C@H](NC(=O)CNC(=O)[C@H](CCC(O)=O)N)C(O)=O)=CNC2=C1 GGJOGFJIPPGNRK-JSGCOSHPSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XMPAXPSENRSOSV-RYUDHWBXSA-N Glu-Gly-Tyr Chemical compound [H]N[C@@H](CCC(O)=O)C(=O)NCC(=O)N[C@@H](CC1=CC=C(O)C=C1)C(O)=O XMPAXPSENRSOSV-RYUDHWBXSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DVLZZEPUNFEUBW-AVGNSLFASA-N Glu-His-Leu Chemical compound CC(C)C[C@@H](C(=O)O)NC(=O)[C@H](CC1=CN=CN1)NC(=O)[C@H](CCC(=O)O)N DVLZZEPUNFEUBW-AVGNSLFASA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZHNHJYYFCGUZNQ-KBIXCLLPSA-N Glu-Ile-Ser Chemical compound OC[C@@H](C(O)=O)NC(=O)[C@H]([C@@H](C)CC)NC(=O)[C@@H](N)CCC(O)=O ZHNHJYYFCGUZNQ-KBIXCLLPSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IOUQWHIEQYQVFD-JYJNAYRXSA-N Glu-Leu-Tyr Chemical compound [H]N[C@@H](CCC(O)=O)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(C)C)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC1=CC=C(O)C=C1)C(O)=O IOUQWHIEQYQVFD-JYJNAYRXSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CQAHWYDHKUWYIX-YUMQZZPRSA-N Glu-Pro-Gly Chemical compound OC(=O)CC[C@H](N)C(=O)N1CCC[C@H]1C(=O)NCC(O)=O CQAHWYDHKUWYIX-YUMQZZPRSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NNQDRRUXFJYCCJ-NHCYSSNCSA-N Glu-Pro-Val Chemical compound [H]N[C@@H](CCC(O)=O)C(=O)N1CCC[C@H]1C(=O)N[C@@H](C(C)C)C(O)=O NNQDRRUXFJYCCJ-NHCYSSNCSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WIKMTDVSCUJIPJ-CIUDSAMLSA-N Glu-Ser-Arg Chemical compound OC(=O)CC[C@H](N)C(=O)N[C@@H](CO)C(=O)N[C@H](C(O)=O)CCCN=C(N)N WIKMTDVSCUJIPJ-CIUDSAMLSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VNCNWQPIQYAMAK-ACZMJKKPSA-N Glu-Ser-Ser Chemical compound [H]N[C@@H](CCC(O)=O)C(=O)N[C@@H](CO)C(=O)N[C@@H](CO)C(O)=O VNCNWQPIQYAMAK-ACZMJKKPSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HZISRJBYZAODRV-XQXXSGGOSA-N Glu-Thr-Ala Chemical compound [H]N[C@@H](CCC(O)=O)C(=O)N[C@@H]([C@@H](C)O)C(=O)N[C@@H](C)C(O)=O HZISRJBYZAODRV-XQXXSGGOSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920001503 Glucan Polymers 0.000 description 1
- GZUKEVBTYNNUQF-WDSKDSINSA-N Gly-Ala-Gln Chemical compound NCC(=O)N[C@@H](C)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCC(N)=O)C(O)=O GZUKEVBTYNNUQF-WDSKDSINSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UGVQELHRNUDMAA-BYPYZUCNSA-N Gly-Ala-Gly Chemical compound [NH3+]CC(=O)N[C@@H](C)C(=O)NCC([O-])=O UGVQELHRNUDMAA-BYPYZUCNSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RJIVPOXLQFJRTG-LURJTMIESA-N Gly-Arg-Gly Chemical compound OC(=O)CNC(=O)[C@@H](NC(=O)CN)CCCN=C(N)N RJIVPOXLQFJRTG-LURJTMIESA-N 0.000 description 1
- DTPOVRRYXPJJAZ-FJXKBIBVSA-N Gly-Arg-Thr Chemical compound C[C@@H](O)[C@@H](C(O)=O)NC(=O)[C@@H](NC(=O)CN)CCCN=C(N)N DTPOVRRYXPJJAZ-FJXKBIBVSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NZAFOTBEULLEQB-WDSKDSINSA-N Gly-Asn-Glu Chemical compound C(CC(=O)O)[C@@H](C(=O)O)NC(=O)[C@H](CC(=O)N)NC(=O)CN NZAFOTBEULLEQB-WDSKDSINSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XRTDOIOIBMAXCT-NKWVEPMBSA-N Gly-Asn-Pro Chemical compound C1C[C@@H](N(C1)C(=O)[C@H](CC(=O)N)NC(=O)CN)C(=O)O XRTDOIOIBMAXCT-NKWVEPMBSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KQDMENMTYNBWMR-WHFBIAKZSA-N Gly-Asp-Ala Chemical compound [H]NCC(=O)N[C@@H](CC(O)=O)C(=O)N[C@@H](C)C(O)=O KQDMENMTYNBWMR-WHFBIAKZSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XBWMTPAIUQIWKA-BYULHYEWSA-N Gly-Asp-Ile Chemical compound CC[C@H](C)[C@@H](C(O)=O)NC(=O)[C@H](CC(O)=O)NC(=O)CN XBWMTPAIUQIWKA-BYULHYEWSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PMNHJLASAAWELO-FOHZUACHSA-N Gly-Asp-Thr Chemical compound [H]NCC(=O)N[C@@H](CC(O)=O)C(=O)N[C@@H]([C@@H](C)O)C(O)=O PMNHJLASAAWELO-FOHZUACHSA-N 0.000 description 1
- TZOVVRJYUDETQG-RCOVLWMOSA-N Gly-Asp-Val Chemical compound CC(C)[C@@H](C(O)=O)NC(=O)[C@H](CC(O)=O)NC(=O)CN TZOVVRJYUDETQG-RCOVLWMOSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XLFHCWHXKSFVIB-BQBZGAKWSA-N Gly-Gln-Gln Chemical compound NCC(=O)N[C@@H](CCC(N)=O)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCC(N)=O)C(O)=O XLFHCWHXKSFVIB-BQBZGAKWSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VOCMRCVMAPSSAL-IUCAKERBSA-N Gly-Gln-His Chemical compound C1=C(NC=N1)C[C@@H](C(=O)O)NC(=O)[C@H](CCC(=O)N)NC(=O)CN VOCMRCVMAPSSAL-IUCAKERBSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SOEATRRYCIPEHA-BQBZGAKWSA-N Gly-Glu-Glu Chemical compound [H]NCC(=O)N[C@@H](CCC(O)=O)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCC(O)=O)C(O)=O SOEATRRYCIPEHA-BQBZGAKWSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XTQFHTHIAKKCTM-YFKPBYRVSA-N Gly-Glu-Gly Chemical compound NCC(=O)N[C@@H](CCC(O)=O)C(=O)NCC(O)=O XTQFHTHIAKKCTM-YFKPBYRVSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YYPFZVIXAVDHIK-IUCAKERBSA-N Gly-Glu-Leu Chemical compound CC(C)C[C@@H](C(O)=O)NC(=O)[C@H](CCC(O)=O)NC(=O)CN YYPFZVIXAVDHIK-IUCAKERBSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CUYLIWAAAYJKJH-RYUDHWBXSA-N Gly-Glu-Tyr Chemical compound NCC(=O)N[C@@H](CCC(O)=O)C(=O)N[C@H](C(O)=O)CC1=CC=C(O)C=C1 CUYLIWAAAYJKJH-RYUDHWBXSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JSNNHGHYGYMVCK-XVKPBYJWSA-N Gly-Glu-Val Chemical compound [H]NCC(=O)N[C@@H](CCC(O)=O)C(=O)N[C@@H](C(C)C)C(O)=O JSNNHGHYGYMVCK-XVKPBYJWSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CCQOOWAONKGYKQ-BYPYZUCNSA-N Gly-Gly-Ala Chemical compound OC(=O)[C@H](C)NC(=O)CNC(=O)CN CCQOOWAONKGYKQ-BYPYZUCNSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QITBQGJOXQYMOA-ZETCQYMHSA-N Gly-Gly-Lys Chemical compound NCCCC[C@@H](C(O)=O)NC(=O)CNC(=O)CN QITBQGJOXQYMOA-ZETCQYMHSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HMHRTKOWRUPPNU-RCOVLWMOSA-N Gly-Ile-Gly Chemical compound NCC(=O)N[C@@H]([C@@H](C)CC)C(=O)NCC(O)=O HMHRTKOWRUPPNU-RCOVLWMOSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AAHSHTLISQUZJL-QSFUFRPTSA-N Gly-Ile-Ile Chemical compound [H]NCC(=O)N[C@@H]([C@@H](C)CC)C(=O)N[C@@H]([C@@H](C)CC)C(O)=O AAHSHTLISQUZJL-QSFUFRPTSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SCWYHUQOOFRVHP-MBLNEYKQSA-N Gly-Ile-Thr Chemical compound NCC(=O)N[C@@H]([C@@H](C)CC)C(=O)N[C@@H]([C@@H](C)O)C(O)=O SCWYHUQOOFRVHP-MBLNEYKQSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PAWIVEIWWYGBAM-YUMQZZPRSA-N Gly-Leu-Ala Chemical compound NCC(=O)N[C@@H](CC(C)C)C(=O)N[C@@H](C)C(O)=O PAWIVEIWWYGBAM-YUMQZZPRSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UUYBFNKHOCJCHT-VHSXEESVSA-N Gly-Leu-Pro Chemical compound CC(C)C[C@@H](C(=O)N1CCC[C@@H]1C(=O)O)NC(=O)CN UUYBFNKHOCJCHT-VHSXEESVSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MDKCBHZLQJZOCJ-STQMWFEESA-N Gly-Met-Tyr Chemical compound CSCC[C@@H](C(=O)N[C@@H](CC1=CC=C(C=C1)O)C(=O)O)NC(=O)CN MDKCBHZLQJZOCJ-STQMWFEESA-N 0.000 description 1
- WNZOCXUOGVYYBJ-CDMKHQONSA-N Gly-Phe-Thr Chemical compound C[C@H]([C@@H](C(=O)O)NC(=O)[C@H](CC1=CC=CC=C1)NC(=O)CN)O WNZOCXUOGVYYBJ-CDMKHQONSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HJARVELKOSZUEW-YUMQZZPRSA-N Gly-Pro-Gln Chemical compound [H]NCC(=O)N1CCC[C@H]1C(=O)N[C@@H](CCC(N)=O)C(O)=O HJARVELKOSZUEW-YUMQZZPRSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JNGHLWWFPGIJER-STQMWFEESA-N Gly-Pro-Tyr Chemical compound NCC(=O)N1CCC[C@H]1C(=O)N[C@H](C(O)=O)CC1=CC=C(O)C=C1 JNGHLWWFPGIJER-STQMWFEESA-N 0.000 description 1
- CSMYMGFCEJWALV-WDSKDSINSA-N Gly-Ser-Gln Chemical compound NCC(=O)N[C@@H](CO)C(=O)N[C@H](C(O)=O)CCC(N)=O CSMYMGFCEJWALV-WDSKDSINSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WCORRBXVISTKQL-WHFBIAKZSA-N Gly-Ser-Ser Chemical compound NCC(=O)N[C@@H](CO)C(=O)N[C@@H](CO)C(O)=O WCORRBXVISTKQL-WHFBIAKZSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LCRDMSSAKLTKBU-ZDLURKLDSA-N Gly-Ser-Thr Chemical compound C[C@@H](O)[C@@H](C(O)=O)NC(=O)[C@H](CO)NC(=O)CN LCRDMSSAKLTKBU-ZDLURKLDSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FFJQHWKSGAWSTJ-BFHQHQDPSA-N Gly-Thr-Ala Chemical compound [H]NCC(=O)N[C@@H]([C@@H](C)O)C(=O)N[C@@H](C)C(O)=O FFJQHWKSGAWSTJ-BFHQHQDPSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NVTPVQLIZCOJFK-FOHZUACHSA-N Gly-Thr-Asp Chemical compound [H]NCC(=O)N[C@@H]([C@@H](C)O)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(O)=O)C(O)=O NVTPVQLIZCOJFK-FOHZUACHSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZZWUYQXMIFTIIY-WEDXCCLWSA-N Gly-Thr-Leu Chemical compound [H]NCC(=O)N[C@@H]([C@@H](C)O)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(C)C)C(O)=O ZZWUYQXMIFTIIY-WEDXCCLWSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BXDLTKLPPKBVEL-FJXKBIBVSA-N Gly-Thr-Met Chemical compound [H]NCC(=O)N[C@@H]([C@@H](C)O)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCSC)C(O)=O BXDLTKLPPKBVEL-FJXKBIBVSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LLWQVJNHMYBLLK-CDMKHQONSA-N Gly-Thr-Phe Chemical compound [H]NCC(=O)N[C@@H]([C@@H](C)O)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC1=CC=CC=C1)C(O)=O LLWQVJNHMYBLLK-CDMKHQONSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FFALDIDGPLUDKV-ZDLURKLDSA-N Gly-Thr-Ser Chemical compound [H]NCC(=O)N[C@@H]([C@@H](C)O)C(=O)N[C@@H](CO)C(O)=O FFALDIDGPLUDKV-ZDLURKLDSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WSWWTQYHFCBKBT-DVJZZOLTSA-N Gly-Thr-Trp Chemical compound C[C@@H](O)[C@H](NC(=O)CN)C(=O)N[C@@H](Cc1c[nH]c2ccccc12)C(O)=O WSWWTQYHFCBKBT-DVJZZOLTSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FOKISINOENBSDM-WLTAIBSBSA-N Gly-Thr-Tyr Chemical compound [H]NCC(=O)N[C@@H]([C@@H](C)O)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC1=CC=C(O)C=C1)C(O)=O FOKISINOENBSDM-WLTAIBSBSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CUVBTVWFVIIDOC-YEPSODPASA-N Gly-Thr-Val Chemical compound CC(C)[C@@H](C(O)=O)NC(=O)[C@H]([C@@H](C)O)NC(=O)CN CUVBTVWFVIIDOC-YEPSODPASA-N 0.000 description 1
- YJDALMUYJIENAG-QWRGUYRKSA-N Gly-Tyr-Asn Chemical compound C1=CC(=CC=C1C[C@@H](C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(=O)N)C(=O)O)NC(=O)CN)O YJDALMUYJIENAG-QWRGUYRKSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GNNJKUYDWFIBTK-QWRGUYRKSA-N Gly-Tyr-Asp Chemical compound [H]NCC(=O)N[C@@H](CC1=CC=C(O)C=C1)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(O)=O)C(O)=O GNNJKUYDWFIBTK-QWRGUYRKSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HQSKKSLNLSTONK-JTQLQIEISA-N Gly-Tyr-Gly Chemical compound OC(=O)CNC(=O)[C@@H](NC(=O)CN)CC1=CC=C(O)C=C1 HQSKKSLNLSTONK-JTQLQIEISA-N 0.000 description 1
- LYZYGGWCBLBDMC-QWHCGFSZSA-N Gly-Tyr-Pro Chemical compound C1C[C@@H](N(C1)C(=O)[C@H](CC2=CC=C(C=C2)O)NC(=O)CN)C(=O)O LYZYGGWCBLBDMC-QWHCGFSZSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JYGYNWYVKXENNE-OALUTQOASA-N Gly-Tyr-Trp Chemical compound [H]NCC(=O)N[C@@H](CC1=CC=C(O)C=C1)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC1=CNC2=C1C=CC=C2)C(O)=O JYGYNWYVKXENNE-OALUTQOASA-N 0.000 description 1
- IZVICCORZOSGPT-JSGCOSHPSA-N Gly-Val-Tyr Chemical compound [H]NCC(=O)N[C@@H](C(C)C)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC1=CC=C(O)C=C1)C(O)=O IZVICCORZOSGPT-JSGCOSHPSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 244000068988 Glycine max Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000010469 Glycine max Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 102000001554 Hemoglobins Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108010054147 Hemoglobins Proteins 0.000 description 1
- LYSVCKOXIDKEEL-SRVKXCTJSA-N His-Asn-Lys Chemical compound NCCCC[C@@H](C(O)=O)NC(=O)[C@H](CC(N)=O)NC(=O)[C@@H](N)CC1=CN=CN1 LYSVCKOXIDKEEL-SRVKXCTJSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WZOGEMJIZBNFBK-CIUDSAMLSA-N His-Asp-Asn Chemical compound [H]N[C@@H](CC1=CNC=N1)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(O)=O)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(N)=O)C(O)=O WZOGEMJIZBNFBK-CIUDSAMLSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NWGXCPUKPVISSJ-AVGNSLFASA-N His-Gln-Lys Chemical compound C1=C(NC=N1)C[C@@H](C(=O)N[C@@H](CCC(=O)N)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCCCN)C(=O)O)N NWGXCPUKPVISSJ-AVGNSLFASA-N 0.000 description 1
- IMCHNUANCIGUKS-SRVKXCTJSA-N His-Glu-Arg Chemical compound [H]N[C@@H](CC1=CNC=N1)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCC(O)=O)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCCNC(N)=N)C(O)=O IMCHNUANCIGUKS-SRVKXCTJSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LVXFNTIIGOQBMD-SRVKXCTJSA-N His-Leu-Ser Chemical compound [H]N[C@@H](CC1=CNC=N1)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(C)C)C(=O)N[C@@H](CO)C(O)=O LVXFNTIIGOQBMD-SRVKXCTJSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PGRPSOUCWRBWKZ-DLOVCJGASA-N His-Lys-Ala Chemical compound OC(=O)[C@H](C)NC(=O)[C@H](CCCCN)NC(=O)[C@@H](N)CC1=CN=CN1 PGRPSOUCWRBWKZ-DLOVCJGASA-N 0.000 description 1
- XKIYNCLILDLGRS-QWRGUYRKSA-N His-Lys-Gly Chemical compound NCCCC[C@@H](C(=O)NCC(O)=O)NC(=O)[C@@H](N)CC1=CN=CN1 XKIYNCLILDLGRS-QWRGUYRKSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KYFGGRHWLFZXPU-KKUMJFAQSA-N His-Phe-Asn Chemical compound C1=CC=C(C=C1)C[C@@H](C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(=O)N)C(=O)O)NC(=O)[C@H](CC2=CN=CN2)N KYFGGRHWLFZXPU-KKUMJFAQSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RLAOTFTXBFQJDV-KKUMJFAQSA-N His-Phe-Asp Chemical compound C([C@H](N)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC=1C=CC=CC=1)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(O)=O)C(O)=O)C1=CN=CN1 RLAOTFTXBFQJDV-KKUMJFAQSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BZAQOPHNBFOOJS-DCAQKATOSA-N His-Pro-Asp Chemical compound [H]N[C@@H](CC1=CNC=N1)C(=O)N1CCC[C@H]1C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(O)=O)C(O)=O BZAQOPHNBFOOJS-DCAQKATOSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 108010061805 His-Trp-Arg-Arg Proteins 0.000 description 1
- FOCSWPCHUDVNLP-PMVMPFDFSA-N His-Trp-Tyr Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C(=C1)C(=CN2)C[C@@H](C(=O)N[C@@H](CC3=CC=C(C=C3)O)C(=O)O)NC(=O)[C@H](CC4=CN=CN4)N FOCSWPCHUDVNLP-PMVMPFDFSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WSWAUVHXQREQQG-JYJNAYRXSA-N His-Tyr-Gln Chemical compound [H]N[C@@H](CC1=CNC=N1)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC1=CC=C(O)C=C1)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCC(N)=O)C(O)=O WSWAUVHXQREQQG-JYJNAYRXSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WSXNWASHQNSMRX-GVXVVHGQSA-N His-Val-Gln Chemical compound CC(C)[C@@H](C(=O)N[C@@H](CCC(=O)N)C(=O)O)NC(=O)[C@H](CC1=CN=CN1)N WSXNWASHQNSMRX-GVXVVHGQSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 102000004157 Hydrolases Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108090000604 Hydrolases Proteins 0.000 description 1
- WUEIUSDAECDLQO-NAKRPEOUSA-N Ile-Ala-Met Chemical compound CC[C@H](C)[C@@H](C(=O)N[C@@H](C)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCSC)C(=O)O)N WUEIUSDAECDLQO-NAKRPEOUSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CYHYBSGMHMHKOA-CIQUZCHMSA-N Ile-Ala-Thr Chemical compound CC[C@H](C)[C@@H](C(=O)N[C@@H](C)C(=O)N[C@@H]([C@@H](C)O)C(=O)O)N CYHYBSGMHMHKOA-CIQUZCHMSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WZPIKDWQVRTATP-SYWGBEHUSA-N Ile-Ala-Trp Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C(C[C@H](NC(=O)[C@H](C)NC(=O)[C@@H](N)[C@@H](C)CC)C(O)=O)=CNC2=C1 WZPIKDWQVRTATP-SYWGBEHUSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IIXDMJNYALIKGP-DJFWLOJKSA-N Ile-Asn-His Chemical compound CC[C@H](C)[C@@H](C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(=O)N)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC1=CN=CN1)C(=O)O)N IIXDMJNYALIKGP-DJFWLOJKSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NBJAAWYRLGCJOF-UGYAYLCHSA-N Ile-Asp-Asn Chemical compound CC[C@H](C)[C@@H](C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(=O)O)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(=O)N)C(=O)O)N NBJAAWYRLGCJOF-UGYAYLCHSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KMBPQYKVZBMRMH-PEFMBERDSA-N Ile-Gln-Asn Chemical compound CC[C@H](C)[C@H](N)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCC(N)=O)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(N)=O)C(O)=O KMBPQYKVZBMRMH-PEFMBERDSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MTFVYKQRLXYAQN-LAEOZQHASA-N Ile-Glu-Gly Chemical compound [H]N[C@@H]([C@@H](C)CC)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCC(O)=O)C(=O)NCC(O)=O MTFVYKQRLXYAQN-LAEOZQHASA-N 0.000 description 1
- MQFGXJNSUJTXDT-QSFUFRPTSA-N Ile-Gly-Ile Chemical compound N[C@@H]([C@@H](C)CC)C(=O)NCC(=O)N[C@@H]([C@@H](C)CC)C(=O)O MQFGXJNSUJTXDT-QSFUFRPTSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PWDSHAAAFXISLE-SXTJYALSSA-N Ile-Ile-Asp Chemical compound CC[C@H](C)[C@H](N)C(=O)N[C@@H]([C@@H](C)CC)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(O)=O)C(O)=O PWDSHAAAFXISLE-SXTJYALSSA-N 0.000 description 1
- TWYOYAKMLHWMOJ-ZPFDUUQYSA-N Ile-Leu-Asn Chemical compound CC[C@H](C)[C@H](N)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(C)C)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(N)=O)C(O)=O TWYOYAKMLHWMOJ-ZPFDUUQYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GVKKVHNRTUFCCE-BJDJZHNGSA-N Ile-Leu-Ser Chemical compound CC[C@H](C)[C@@H](C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(C)C)C(=O)N[C@@H](CO)C(=O)O)N GVKKVHNRTUFCCE-BJDJZHNGSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UIEZQYNXCYHMQS-BJDJZHNGSA-N Ile-Lys-Ala Chemical compound CC[C@H](C)[C@@H](C(=O)N[C@@H](CCCCN)C(=O)N[C@@H](C)C(=O)O)N UIEZQYNXCYHMQS-BJDJZHNGSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NZGTYCMLUGYMCV-XUXIUFHCSA-N Ile-Lys-Arg Chemical compound CC[C@H](C)[C@@H](C(=O)N[C@@H](CCCCN)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCCN=C(N)N)C(=O)O)N NZGTYCMLUGYMCV-XUXIUFHCSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XLXPYSDGMXTTNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ile-Phe-Leu Natural products CCC(C)C(N)C(=O)NC(C(=O)NC(CC(C)C)C(O)=O)CC1=CC=CC=C1 XLXPYSDGMXTTNQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BATWGBRIZANGPN-ZPFDUUQYSA-N Ile-Pro-Gln Chemical compound CC[C@H](C)[C@@H](C(=O)N1CCC[C@H]1C(=O)N[C@@H](CCC(=O)N)C(=O)O)N BATWGBRIZANGPN-ZPFDUUQYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FQYQMFCIJNWDQZ-CYDGBPFRSA-N Ile-Pro-Pro Chemical compound CC[C@H](C)[C@H](N)C(=O)N1CCC[C@H]1C(=O)N1[C@H](C(O)=O)CCC1 FQYQMFCIJNWDQZ-CYDGBPFRSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JODPUDMBQBIWCK-GHCJXIJMSA-N Ile-Ser-Asn Chemical compound [H]N[C@@H]([C@@H](C)CC)C(=O)N[C@@H](CO)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(N)=O)C(O)=O JODPUDMBQBIWCK-GHCJXIJMSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZLFNNVATRMCAKN-ZKWXMUAHSA-N Ile-Ser-Gly Chemical compound CC[C@H](C)[C@@H](C(=O)N[C@@H](CO)C(=O)NCC(=O)O)N ZLFNNVATRMCAKN-ZKWXMUAHSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VGSPNSSCMOHRRR-BJDJZHNGSA-N Ile-Ser-Lys Chemical compound CC[C@H](C)[C@@H](C(=O)N[C@@H](CO)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCCCN)C(=O)O)N VGSPNSSCMOHRRR-BJDJZHNGSA-N 0.000 description 1
- COWHUQXTSYTKQC-RWRJDSDZSA-N Ile-Thr-Glu Chemical compound CC[C@H](C)[C@@H](C(=O)N[C@@H]([C@@H](C)O)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCC(=O)O)C(=O)O)N COWHUQXTSYTKQC-RWRJDSDZSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XVUAQNRNFMVWBR-BLMTYFJBSA-N Ile-Trp-Ile Chemical compound CC[C@H](C)[C@@H](C(=O)N[C@@H](CC1=CNC2=CC=CC=C21)C(=O)N[C@@H]([C@@H](C)CC)C(=O)O)N XVUAQNRNFMVWBR-BLMTYFJBSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MITYXXNZSZLHGG-OBAATPRFSA-N Ile-Trp-Tyr Chemical compound CC[C@H](C)[C@@H](C(=O)N[C@@H](CC1=CNC2=CC=CC=C21)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC3=CC=C(C=C3)O)C(=O)O)N MITYXXNZSZLHGG-OBAATPRFSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OMDWJWGZGMCQND-CFMVVWHZSA-N Ile-Tyr-Asp Chemical compound CC[C@H](C)[C@@H](C(=O)N[C@@H](CC1=CC=C(C=C1)O)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(=O)O)C(=O)O)N OMDWJWGZGMCQND-CFMVVWHZSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PMAOIIWHZHAPBT-HJPIBITLSA-N Ile-Tyr-Cys Chemical compound CC[C@H](C)[C@@H](C(=O)N[C@@H](CC1=CC=C(C=C1)O)C(=O)N[C@@H](CS)C(=O)O)N PMAOIIWHZHAPBT-HJPIBITLSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JERJIYYCOGBAIJ-OBAATPRFSA-N Ile-Tyr-Trp Chemical compound CC[C@H](C)[C@@H](C(=O)N[C@@H](CC1=CC=C(C=C1)O)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC2=CNC3=CC=CC=C32)C(=O)O)N JERJIYYCOGBAIJ-OBAATPRFSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JZBVBOKASHNXAD-NAKRPEOUSA-N Ile-Val-Ser Chemical compound CC[C@H](C)[C@@H](C(=O)N[C@@H](C(C)C)C(=O)N[C@@H](CO)C(=O)O)N JZBVBOKASHNXAD-NAKRPEOUSA-N 0.000 description 1
- APQYGMBHIVXFML-OSUNSFLBSA-N Ile-Val-Thr Chemical compound CC[C@H](C)[C@@H](C(=O)N[C@@H](C(C)C)C(=O)N[C@@H]([C@@H](C)O)C(=O)O)N APQYGMBHIVXFML-OSUNSFLBSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 240000004343 Indigofera suffruticosa Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000222342 Irpex Species 0.000 description 1
- FADYJNXDPBKVCA-UHFFFAOYSA-N L-Phenylalanyl-L-lysin Natural products NCCCCC(C(O)=O)NC(=O)C(N)CC1=CC=CC=C1 FADYJNXDPBKVCA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IFQSXNOEEPCSLW-DKWTVANSSA-N L-cysteine hydrochloride Chemical compound Cl.SC[C@H](N)C(O)=O IFQSXNOEEPCSLW-DKWTVANSSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RCFDOSNHHZGBOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N L-isoleucyl-L-alanine Natural products CCC(C)C(N)C(=O)NC(C)C(O)=O RCFDOSNHHZGBOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LHSGPCFBGJHPCY-UHFFFAOYSA-N L-leucine-L-tyrosine Natural products CC(C)CC(N)C(=O)NC(C(O)=O)CC1=CC=C(O)C=C1 LHSGPCFBGJHPCY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WNGVUZWBXZKQES-YUMQZZPRSA-N Leu-Ala-Gly Chemical compound CC(C)C[C@H](N)C(=O)N[C@@H](C)C(=O)NCC(O)=O WNGVUZWBXZKQES-YUMQZZPRSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KWTVLKBOQATPHJ-SRVKXCTJSA-N Leu-Ala-Lys Chemical compound C[C@@H](C(=O)N[C@@H](CCCCN)C(=O)O)NC(=O)[C@H](CC(C)C)N KWTVLKBOQATPHJ-SRVKXCTJSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UILIPCLTHRPCRB-XUXIUFHCSA-N Leu-Arg-Ile Chemical compound CC[C@H](C)[C@@H](C(=O)O)NC(=O)[C@H](CCCN=C(N)N)NC(=O)[C@H](CC(C)C)N UILIPCLTHRPCRB-XUXIUFHCSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OIARJGNVARWKFP-YUMQZZPRSA-N Leu-Asn-Gly Chemical compound [H]N[C@@H](CC(C)C)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(N)=O)C(=O)NCC(O)=O OIARJGNVARWKFP-YUMQZZPRSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QLQHWWCSCLZUMA-KKUMJFAQSA-N Leu-Asp-Tyr Chemical compound CC(C)C[C@H](N)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(O)=O)C(=O)N[C@H](C(O)=O)CC1=CC=C(O)C=C1 QLQHWWCSCLZUMA-KKUMJFAQSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VQPPIMUZCZCOIL-GUBZILKMSA-N Leu-Gln-Ala Chemical compound CC(C)C[C@H](N)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCC(N)=O)C(=O)N[C@@H](C)C(O)=O VQPPIMUZCZCOIL-GUBZILKMSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DLCXCECTCPKKCD-GUBZILKMSA-N Leu-Gln-Asn Chemical compound [H]N[C@@H](CC(C)C)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCC(N)=O)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(N)=O)C(O)=O DLCXCECTCPKKCD-GUBZILKMSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZYLJULGXQDNXDK-GUBZILKMSA-N Leu-Gln-Asp Chemical compound [H]N[C@@H](CC(C)C)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCC(N)=O)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(O)=O)C(O)=O ZYLJULGXQDNXDK-GUBZILKMSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QDSKNVXKLPQNOJ-GVXVVHGQSA-N Leu-Gln-Val Chemical compound [H]N[C@@H](CC(C)C)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCC(N)=O)C(=O)N[C@@H](C(C)C)C(O)=O QDSKNVXKLPQNOJ-GVXVVHGQSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HVJVUYQWFYMGJS-GVXVVHGQSA-N Leu-Glu-Val Chemical compound [H]N[C@@H](CC(C)C)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCC(O)=O)C(=O)N[C@@H](C(C)C)C(O)=O HVJVUYQWFYMGJS-GVXVVHGQSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FMEICTQWUKNAGC-YUMQZZPRSA-N Leu-Gly-Asn Chemical compound [H]N[C@@H](CC(C)C)C(=O)NCC(=O)N[C@@H](CC(N)=O)C(O)=O FMEICTQWUKNAGC-YUMQZZPRSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KGCLIYGPQXUNLO-IUCAKERBSA-N Leu-Gly-Glu Chemical compound CC(C)C[C@H](N)C(=O)NCC(=O)N[C@H](C(O)=O)CCC(O)=O KGCLIYGPQXUNLO-IUCAKERBSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CCQLQKZTXZBXTN-NHCYSSNCSA-N Leu-Gly-Ile Chemical compound [H]N[C@@H](CC(C)C)C(=O)NCC(=O)N[C@@H]([C@@H](C)CC)C(O)=O CCQLQKZTXZBXTN-NHCYSSNCSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BTNXKBVLWJBTNR-SRVKXCTJSA-N Leu-His-Asn Chemical compound [H]N[C@@H](CC(C)C)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC1=CNC=N1)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(N)=O)C(O)=O BTNXKBVLWJBTNR-SRVKXCTJSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OYQUOLRTJHWVSQ-SRVKXCTJSA-N Leu-His-Ser Chemical compound [H]N[C@@H](CC(C)C)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC1=CNC=N1)C(=O)N[C@@H](CO)C(O)=O OYQUOLRTJHWVSQ-SRVKXCTJSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IAJFFZORSWOZPQ-SRVKXCTJSA-N Leu-Leu-Asn Chemical compound CC(C)C[C@H](N)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(C)C)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(N)=O)C(O)=O IAJFFZORSWOZPQ-SRVKXCTJSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WXUOJXIGOPMDJM-SRVKXCTJSA-N Leu-Lys-Asn Chemical compound CC(C)C[C@H](N)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCCCN)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(N)=O)C(O)=O WXUOJXIGOPMDJM-SRVKXCTJSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KXCMQWMNYQOAKA-SRVKXCTJSA-N Leu-Met-Gln Chemical compound CC(C)C[C@@H](C(=O)N[C@@H](CCSC)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCC(=O)N)C(=O)O)N KXCMQWMNYQOAKA-SRVKXCTJSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NJMXCOOEFLMZSR-AVGNSLFASA-N Leu-Met-Val Chemical compound [H]N[C@@H](CC(C)C)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCSC)C(=O)N[C@@H](C(C)C)C(O)=O NJMXCOOEFLMZSR-AVGNSLFASA-N 0.000 description 1
- BMVFXOQHDQZAQU-DCAQKATOSA-N Leu-Pro-Asp Chemical compound CC(C)C[C@@H](C(=O)N1CCC[C@H]1C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(=O)O)C(=O)O)N BMVFXOQHDQZAQU-DCAQKATOSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XWEVVRRSIOBJOO-SRVKXCTJSA-N Leu-Pro-Gln Chemical compound [H]N[C@@H](CC(C)C)C(=O)N1CCC[C@H]1C(=O)N[C@@H](CCC(N)=O)C(O)=O XWEVVRRSIOBJOO-SRVKXCTJSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IRMLZWSRWSGTOP-CIUDSAMLSA-N Leu-Ser-Ala Chemical compound CC(C)C[C@H](N)C(=O)N[C@@H](CO)C(=O)N[C@@H](C)C(O)=O IRMLZWSRWSGTOP-CIUDSAMLSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IZPVWNSAVUQBGP-CIUDSAMLSA-N Leu-Ser-Asp Chemical compound [H]N[C@@H](CC(C)C)C(=O)N[C@@H](CO)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(O)=O)C(O)=O IZPVWNSAVUQBGP-CIUDSAMLSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XOWMDXHFSBCAKQ-SRVKXCTJSA-N Leu-Ser-Leu Chemical compound CC(C)C[C@H](N)C(=O)N[C@@H](CO)C(=O)N[C@H](C(O)=O)CC(C)C XOWMDXHFSBCAKQ-SRVKXCTJSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BRTVHXHCUSXYRI-CIUDSAMLSA-N Leu-Ser-Ser Chemical compound CC(C)C[C@H](N)C(=O)N[C@@H](CO)C(=O)N[C@@H](CO)C(O)=O BRTVHXHCUSXYRI-CIUDSAMLSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ICYRCNICGBJLGM-HJGDQZAQSA-N Leu-Thr-Asp Chemical compound CC(C)C[C@H](N)C(=O)N[C@@H]([C@@H](C)O)C(=O)N[C@H](C(O)=O)CC(O)=O ICYRCNICGBJLGM-HJGDQZAQSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LFSQWRSVPNKJGP-WDCWCFNPSA-N Leu-Thr-Glu Chemical compound CC(C)C[C@H](N)C(=O)N[C@@H]([C@@H](C)O)C(=O)N[C@H](C(O)=O)CCC(O)=O LFSQWRSVPNKJGP-WDCWCFNPSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VDIARPPNADFEAV-WEDXCCLWSA-N Leu-Thr-Gly Chemical compound CC(C)C[C@H](N)C(=O)N[C@@H]([C@@H](C)O)C(=O)NCC(O)=O VDIARPPNADFEAV-WEDXCCLWSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ISSAURVGLGAPDK-KKUMJFAQSA-N Leu-Tyr-Asp Chemical compound [H]N[C@@H](CC(C)C)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC1=CC=C(O)C=C1)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(O)=O)C(O)=O ISSAURVGLGAPDK-KKUMJFAQSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WFCKERTZVCQXKH-KBPBESRZSA-N Leu-Tyr-Gly Chemical compound [H]N[C@@H](CC(C)C)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC1=CC=C(O)C=C1)C(=O)NCC(O)=O WFCKERTZVCQXKH-KBPBESRZSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AXVIGSRGTMNSJU-YESZJQIVSA-N Leu-Tyr-Pro Chemical compound CC(C)C[C@@H](C(=O)N[C@@H](CC1=CC=C(C=C1)O)C(=O)N2CCC[C@@H]2C(=O)O)N AXVIGSRGTMNSJU-YESZJQIVSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VKVDRTGWLVZJOM-DCAQKATOSA-N Leu-Val-Ser Chemical compound CC(C)C[C@H](N)C(=O)N[C@@H](C(C)C)C(=O)N[C@@H](CO)C(O)=O VKVDRTGWLVZJOM-DCAQKATOSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KCXUCYYZNZFGLL-SRVKXCTJSA-N Lys-Ala-Leu Chemical compound [H]N[C@@H](CCCCN)C(=O)N[C@@H](C)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(C)C)C(O)=O KCXUCYYZNZFGLL-SRVKXCTJSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UWKNTTJNVSYXPC-CIUDSAMLSA-N Lys-Ala-Ser Chemical compound OC[C@@H](C(O)=O)NC(=O)[C@H](C)NC(=O)[C@@H](N)CCCCN UWKNTTJNVSYXPC-CIUDSAMLSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QYOXSYXPHUHOJR-GUBZILKMSA-N Lys-Asn-Glu Chemical compound [H]N[C@@H](CCCCN)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(N)=O)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCC(O)=O)C(O)=O QYOXSYXPHUHOJR-GUBZILKMSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JBRWKVANRYPCAF-XIRDDKMYSA-N Lys-Asn-Trp Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C(=C1)C(=CN2)C[C@@H](C(=O)O)NC(=O)[C@H](CC(=O)N)NC(=O)[C@H](CCCCN)N JBRWKVANRYPCAF-XIRDDKMYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QUYCUALODHJQLK-CIUDSAMLSA-N Lys-Asp-Asp Chemical compound [H]N[C@@H](CCCCN)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(O)=O)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(O)=O)C(O)=O QUYCUALODHJQLK-CIUDSAMLSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HIIZIQUUHIXUJY-GUBZILKMSA-N Lys-Asp-Gln Chemical compound [H]N[C@@H](CCCCN)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(O)=O)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCC(N)=O)C(O)=O HIIZIQUUHIXUJY-GUBZILKMSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QIJVAFLRMVBHMU-KKUMJFAQSA-N Lys-Asp-Phe Chemical compound [H]N[C@@H](CCCCN)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(O)=O)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC1=CC=CC=C1)C(O)=O QIJVAFLRMVBHMU-KKUMJFAQSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LXNPMPIQDNSMTA-AVGNSLFASA-N Lys-Gln-His Chemical compound NCCCC[C@H](N)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCC(N)=O)C(=O)N[C@H](C(O)=O)CC1=CN=CN1 LXNPMPIQDNSMTA-AVGNSLFASA-N 0.000 description 1
- LPAJOCKCPRZEAG-MNXVOIDGSA-N Lys-Glu-Ile Chemical compound CC[C@H](C)[C@@H](C(O)=O)NC(=O)[C@H](CCC(O)=O)NC(=O)[C@@H](N)CCCCN LPAJOCKCPRZEAG-MNXVOIDGSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ISHNZELVUVPCHY-ZETCQYMHSA-N Lys-Gly-Gly Chemical compound NCCCC[C@H](N)C(=O)NCC(=O)NCC(O)=O ISHNZELVUVPCHY-ZETCQYMHSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GQFDWEDHOQRNLC-QWRGUYRKSA-N Lys-Gly-Leu Chemical compound CC(C)C[C@@H](C(O)=O)NC(=O)CNC(=O)[C@@H](N)CCCCN GQFDWEDHOQRNLC-QWRGUYRKSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CANPXOLVTMKURR-WEDXCCLWSA-N Lys-Gly-Thr Chemical compound C[C@@H](O)[C@@H](C(O)=O)NC(=O)CNC(=O)[C@@H](N)CCCCN CANPXOLVTMKURR-WEDXCCLWSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WOEDRPCHKPSFDT-MXAVVETBSA-N Lys-His-Ile Chemical compound CC[C@H](C)[C@@H](C(=O)O)NC(=O)[C@H](CC1=CN=CN1)NC(=O)[C@H](CCCCN)N WOEDRPCHKPSFDT-MXAVVETBSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FGMHXLULNHTPID-KKUMJFAQSA-N Lys-His-Lys Chemical compound NCCCC[C@H](N)C(=O)N[C@H](C(=O)N[C@@H](CCCCN)C(O)=O)CC1=CN=CN1 FGMHXLULNHTPID-KKUMJFAQSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IVFUVMSKSFSFBT-NHCYSSNCSA-N Lys-Ile-Gly Chemical compound OC(=O)CNC(=O)[C@H]([C@@H](C)CC)NC(=O)[C@@H](N)CCCCN IVFUVMSKSFSFBT-NHCYSSNCSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NJNRBRKHOWSGMN-SRVKXCTJSA-N Lys-Leu-Asn Chemical compound [H]N[C@@H](CCCCN)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(C)C)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(N)=O)C(O)=O NJNRBRKHOWSGMN-SRVKXCTJSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SKRGVGLIRUGANF-AVGNSLFASA-N Lys-Leu-Glu Chemical compound [H]N[C@@H](CCCCN)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(C)C)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCC(O)=O)C(O)=O SKRGVGLIRUGANF-AVGNSLFASA-N 0.000 description 1
- XFOAWKDQMRMCDN-ULQDDVLXSA-N Lys-Phe-Arg Chemical compound NC(N)=NCCC[C@@H](C(O)=O)NC(=O)[C@@H](NC(=O)[C@@H](N)CCCCN)CC1=CC=CC=C1 XFOAWKDQMRMCDN-ULQDDVLXSA-N 0.000 description 1
- TWPCWKVOZDUYAA-KKUMJFAQSA-N Lys-Phe-Asp Chemical compound [H]N[C@@H](CCCCN)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC1=CC=CC=C1)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(O)=O)C(O)=O TWPCWKVOZDUYAA-KKUMJFAQSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LUAJJLPHUXPQLH-KKUMJFAQSA-N Lys-Phe-Ser Chemical compound C1=CC=C(C=C1)C[C@@H](C(=O)N[C@@H](CO)C(=O)O)NC(=O)[C@H](CCCCN)N LUAJJLPHUXPQLH-KKUMJFAQSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HYSVGEAWTGPMOA-IHRRRGAJSA-N Lys-Pro-Leu Chemical compound [H]N[C@@H](CCCCN)C(=O)N1CCC[C@H]1C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(C)C)C(O)=O HYSVGEAWTGPMOA-IHRRRGAJSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MGKFCQFVPKOWOL-CIUDSAMLSA-N Lys-Ser-Asp Chemical compound C(CCN)C[C@@H](C(=O)N[C@@H](CO)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(=O)O)C(=O)O)N MGKFCQFVPKOWOL-CIUDSAMLSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZUGVARDEGWMMLK-SRVKXCTJSA-N Lys-Ser-Lys Chemical compound NCCCC[C@H](N)C(=O)N[C@@H](CO)C(=O)N[C@H](C(O)=O)CCCCN ZUGVARDEGWMMLK-SRVKXCTJSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JHNOXVASMSXSNB-WEDXCCLWSA-N Lys-Thr-Gly Chemical compound [H]N[C@@H](CCCCN)C(=O)N[C@@H]([C@@H](C)O)C(=O)NCC(O)=O JHNOXVASMSXSNB-WEDXCCLWSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RMOKGALPSPOYKE-KATARQTJSA-N Lys-Thr-Ser Chemical compound [H]N[C@@H](CCCCN)C(=O)N[C@@H]([C@@H](C)O)C(=O)N[C@@H](CO)C(O)=O RMOKGALPSPOYKE-KATARQTJSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CAVRAQIDHUPECU-UVOCVTCTSA-N Lys-Thr-Thr Chemical compound [H]N[C@@H](CCCCN)C(=O)N[C@@H]([C@@H](C)O)C(=O)N[C@@H]([C@@H](C)O)C(O)=O CAVRAQIDHUPECU-UVOCVTCTSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZNAPAUSAUBHENO-IHPCNDPISA-N Lys-Trp-His Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C(=C1)C(=CN2)C[C@@H](C(=O)N[C@@H](CC3=CN=CN3)C(=O)O)NC(=O)[C@H](CCCCN)N ZNAPAUSAUBHENO-IHPCNDPISA-N 0.000 description 1
- KQAREVUPVXMNNP-WDSOQIARSA-N Lys-Trp-Met Chemical compound [H]N[C@@H](CCCCN)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC1=CNC2=C1C=CC=C2)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCSC)C(O)=O KQAREVUPVXMNNP-WDSOQIARSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MDDUIRLQCYVRDO-NHCYSSNCSA-N Lys-Val-Asn Chemical compound NC(=O)C[C@@H](C(O)=O)NC(=O)[C@H](C(C)C)NC(=O)[C@@H](N)CCCCN MDDUIRLQCYVRDO-NHCYSSNCSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 102100024295 Maltase-glucoamylase Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 101710117655 Maltogenic alpha-amylase Proteins 0.000 description 1
- WXHHTBVYQOSYSL-FXQIFTODSA-N Met-Ala-Ser Chemical compound CSCC[C@H](N)C(=O)N[C@@H](C)C(=O)N[C@@H](CO)C(O)=O WXHHTBVYQOSYSL-FXQIFTODSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OLWAOWXIADGIJG-AVGNSLFASA-N Met-Arg-Lys Chemical compound CSCC[C@H](N)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCCNC(N)=N)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCCCN)C(O)=O OLWAOWXIADGIJG-AVGNSLFASA-N 0.000 description 1
- LQMHZERGCQJKAH-STQMWFEESA-N Met-Gly-Phe Chemical compound CSCC[C@H](N)C(=O)NCC(=O)N[C@H](C(O)=O)CC1=CC=CC=C1 LQMHZERGCQJKAH-STQMWFEESA-N 0.000 description 1
- XGIQKEAKUSPCBU-SRVKXCTJSA-N Met-Met-Val Chemical compound CC(C)[C@@H](C(=O)O)NC(=O)[C@H](CCSC)NC(=O)[C@H](CCSC)N XGIQKEAKUSPCBU-SRVKXCTJSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RIIFMEBFDDXGCV-VEVYYDQMSA-N Met-Thr-Asn Chemical compound CSCC[C@H](N)C(=O)N[C@@H]([C@@H](C)O)C(=O)N[C@H](C(O)=O)CC(N)=O RIIFMEBFDDXGCV-VEVYYDQMSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YBAFDPFAUTYYRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-L-alpha-glutamyl-L-leucine Natural products CC(C)CC(C(O)=O)NC(=O)C(N)CCC(O)=O YBAFDPFAUTYYRW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 108010079364 N-glycylalanine Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 108010002311 N-glycylglutamic acid Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 108010087066 N2-tryptophyllysine Proteins 0.000 description 1
- BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Orthosilicate Chemical compound [O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] BPQQTUXANYXVAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 102100026367 Pancreatic alpha-amylase Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 101800004803 Papain-like protease Proteins 0.000 description 1
- LRBQNJMCXXYXIU-PPKXGCFTSA-N Penta-digallate-beta-D-glucose Natural products OC1=C(O)C(O)=CC(C(=O)OC=2C(=C(O)C=C(C=2)C(=O)OC[C@@H]2[C@H]([C@H](OC(=O)C=3C=C(OC(=O)C=4C=C(O)C(O)=C(O)C=4)C(O)=C(O)C=3)[C@@H](OC(=O)C=3C=C(OC(=O)C=4C=C(O)C(O)=C(O)C=4)C(O)=C(O)C=3)[C@H](OC(=O)C=3C=C(OC(=O)C=4C=C(O)C(O)=C(O)C=4)C(O)=C(O)C=3)O2)OC(=O)C=2C=C(OC(=O)C=3C=C(O)C(O)=C(O)C=3)C(O)=C(O)C=2)O)=C1 LRBQNJMCXXYXIU-PPKXGCFTSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ULECEJGNDHWSKD-QEJZJMRPSA-N Phe-Ala-Lys Chemical compound NCCCC[C@@H](C(O)=O)NC(=O)[C@H](C)NC(=O)[C@@H](N)CC1=CC=CC=C1 ULECEJGNDHWSKD-QEJZJMRPSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LGBVMDMZZFYSFW-HJWJTTGWSA-N Phe-Arg-Ile Chemical compound CC[C@H](C)[C@@H](C(=O)O)NC(=O)[C@H](CCCN=C(N)N)NC(=O)[C@H](CC1=CC=CC=C1)N LGBVMDMZZFYSFW-HJWJTTGWSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HHOOEUSPFGPZFP-QWRGUYRKSA-N Phe-Asn-Gly Chemical compound [H]N[C@@H](CC1=CC=CC=C1)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(N)=O)C(=O)NCC(O)=O HHOOEUSPFGPZFP-QWRGUYRKSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OXUMFAOVGFODPN-KKUMJFAQSA-N Phe-Asn-His Chemical compound C1=CC=C(C=C1)C[C@@H](C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(=O)N)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC2=CN=CN2)C(=O)O)N OXUMFAOVGFODPN-KKUMJFAQSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CSYVXYQDIVCQNU-QWRGUYRKSA-N Phe-Asp-Gly Chemical compound [H]N[C@@H](CC1=CC=CC=C1)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(O)=O)C(=O)NCC(O)=O CSYVXYQDIVCQNU-QWRGUYRKSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IQXOZIDWLZYYAW-IHRRRGAJSA-N Phe-Asp-Met Chemical compound CSCC[C@@H](C(=O)O)NC(=O)[C@H](CC(=O)O)NC(=O)[C@H](CC1=CC=CC=C1)N IQXOZIDWLZYYAW-IHRRRGAJSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HPECNYCQLSVCHH-BZSNNMDCSA-N Phe-Cys-Phe Chemical compound C1=CC=C(C=C1)C[C@@H](C(=O)N[C@@H](CS)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC2=CC=CC=C2)C(=O)O)N HPECNYCQLSVCHH-BZSNNMDCSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IILUKIJNFMUBNF-IHRRRGAJSA-N Phe-Gln-Gln Chemical compound [H]N[C@@H](CC1=CC=CC=C1)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCC(N)=O)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCC(N)=O)C(O)=O IILUKIJNFMUBNF-IHRRRGAJSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LLGTYVHITPVGKR-RYUDHWBXSA-N Phe-Gln-Gly Chemical compound [H]N[C@@H](CC1=CC=CC=C1)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCC(N)=O)C(=O)NCC(O)=O LLGTYVHITPVGKR-RYUDHWBXSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PMKIMKUGCSVFSV-CQDKDKBSSA-N Phe-His-Ala Chemical compound C[C@@H](C(=O)O)NC(=O)[C@H](CC1=CN=CN1)NC(=O)[C@H](CC2=CC=CC=C2)N PMKIMKUGCSVFSV-CQDKDKBSSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FINLZXKJWTYYLC-ACRUOGEOSA-N Phe-His-Phe Chemical compound C([C@H](N)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC=1N=CNC=1)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC=1C=CC=CC=1)C(O)=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 FINLZXKJWTYYLC-ACRUOGEOSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BEEVXUYVEHXWRQ-YESZJQIVSA-N Phe-His-Pro Chemical compound C1C[C@@H](N(C1)C(=O)[C@H](CC2=CN=CN2)NC(=O)[C@H](CC3=CC=CC=C3)N)C(=O)O BEEVXUYVEHXWRQ-YESZJQIVSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KRYSMKKRRRWOCZ-QEWYBTABSA-N Phe-Ile-Glu Chemical compound [H]N[C@@H](CC1=CC=CC=C1)C(=O)N[C@@H]([C@@H](C)CC)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCC(O)=O)C(O)=O KRYSMKKRRRWOCZ-QEWYBTABSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DVOCGBNHAUHKHJ-DKIMLUQUSA-N Phe-Ile-Leu Chemical compound [H]N[C@@H](CC1=CC=CC=C1)C(=O)N[C@@H]([C@@H](C)CC)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(C)C)C(O)=O DVOCGBNHAUHKHJ-DKIMLUQUSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YTILBRIUASDGBL-BZSNNMDCSA-N Phe-Leu-Leu Chemical compound CC(C)C[C@@H](C(O)=O)NC(=O)[C@H](CC(C)C)NC(=O)[C@@H](N)CC1=CC=CC=C1 YTILBRIUASDGBL-BZSNNMDCSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KLXQWABNAWDRAY-ACRUOGEOSA-N Phe-Lys-Phe Chemical compound C([C@H](N)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCCCN)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC=1C=CC=CC=1)C(O)=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 KLXQWABNAWDRAY-ACRUOGEOSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WKLMCMXFMQEKCX-SLFFLAALSA-N Phe-Phe-Pro Chemical compound C1C[C@@H](N(C1)C(=O)[C@H](CC2=CC=CC=C2)NC(=O)[C@H](CC3=CC=CC=C3)N)C(=O)O WKLMCMXFMQEKCX-SLFFLAALSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AAERWTUHZKLDLC-IHRRRGAJSA-N Phe-Pro-Asp Chemical compound [H]N[C@@H](CC1=CC=CC=C1)C(=O)N1CCC[C@H]1C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(O)=O)C(O)=O AAERWTUHZKLDLC-IHRRRGAJSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MMJJFXWMCMJMQA-STQMWFEESA-N Phe-Pro-Gly Chemical compound C([C@H](N)C(=O)N1[C@@H](CCC1)C(=O)NCC(O)=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 MMJJFXWMCMJMQA-STQMWFEESA-N 0.000 description 1
- MCIXMYKSPQUMJG-SRVKXCTJSA-N Phe-Ser-Ser Chemical compound [H]N[C@@H](CC1=CC=CC=C1)C(=O)N[C@@H](CO)C(=O)N[C@@H](CO)C(O)=O MCIXMYKSPQUMJG-SRVKXCTJSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BAONJAHBAUDJKA-BZSNNMDCSA-N Phe-Tyr-Asp Chemical compound C([C@H](N)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC=1C=CC(O)=CC=1)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(O)=O)C(O)=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 BAONJAHBAUDJKA-BZSNNMDCSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MHNBYYFXWDUGBW-RPTUDFQQSA-N Phe-Tyr-Thr Chemical compound C[C@H]([C@@H](C(=O)O)NC(=O)[C@H](CC1=CC=C(C=C1)O)NC(=O)[C@H](CC2=CC=CC=C2)N)O MHNBYYFXWDUGBW-RPTUDFQQSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DBALDZKOTNSBFM-FXQIFTODSA-N Pro-Ala-Asn Chemical compound [H]N1CCC[C@H]1C(=O)N[C@@H](C)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(N)=O)C(O)=O DBALDZKOTNSBFM-FXQIFTODSA-N 0.000 description 1
- APKRGYLBSCWJJP-FXQIFTODSA-N Pro-Ala-Asp Chemical compound [H]N1CCC[C@H]1C(=O)N[C@@H](C)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(O)=O)C(O)=O APKRGYLBSCWJJP-FXQIFTODSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IFMDQWDAJUMMJC-DCAQKATOSA-N Pro-Ala-Leu Chemical compound [H]N1CCC[C@H]1C(=O)N[C@@H](C)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(C)C)C(O)=O IFMDQWDAJUMMJC-DCAQKATOSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XQLBWXHVZVBNJM-FXQIFTODSA-N Pro-Ala-Ser Chemical compound OC[C@@H](C(O)=O)NC(=O)[C@H](C)NC(=O)[C@@H]1CCCN1 XQLBWXHVZVBNJM-FXQIFTODSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ORPZXBQTEHINPB-SRVKXCTJSA-N Pro-Arg-Val Chemical compound CC(C)[C@H](NC(=O)[C@H](CCCNC(N)=N)NC(=O)[C@@H]1CCCN1)C(O)=O ORPZXBQTEHINPB-SRVKXCTJSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ILMLVTGTUJPQFP-FXQIFTODSA-N Pro-Asp-Asp Chemical compound [H]N1CCC[C@H]1C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(O)=O)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(O)=O)C(O)=O ILMLVTGTUJPQFP-FXQIFTODSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZCXQTRXYZOSGJR-FXQIFTODSA-N Pro-Asp-Ser Chemical compound [H]N1CCC[C@H]1C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(O)=O)C(=O)N[C@@H](CO)C(O)=O ZCXQTRXYZOSGJR-FXQIFTODSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OZAPWFHRPINHND-GUBZILKMSA-N Pro-Cys-Val Chemical compound [H]N1CCC[C@H]1C(=O)N[C@@H](CS)C(=O)N[C@@H](C(C)C)C(O)=O OZAPWFHRPINHND-GUBZILKMSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VPEVBAUSTBWQHN-NHCYSSNCSA-N Pro-Glu-Val Chemical compound [H]N1CCC[C@H]1C(=O)N[C@@H](CCC(O)=O)C(=O)N[C@@H](C(C)C)C(O)=O VPEVBAUSTBWQHN-NHCYSSNCSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DMKWYMWNEKIPFC-IUCAKERBSA-N Pro-Gly-Arg Chemical compound [H]N1CCC[C@H]1C(=O)NCC(=O)N[C@@H](CCCNC(N)=N)C(O)=O DMKWYMWNEKIPFC-IUCAKERBSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DXTOOBDIIAJZBJ-BQBZGAKWSA-N Pro-Gly-Ser Chemical compound [H]N1CCC[C@H]1C(=O)NCC(=O)N[C@@H](CO)C(O)=O DXTOOBDIIAJZBJ-BQBZGAKWSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LNOWDSPAYBWJOR-PEDHHIEDSA-N Pro-Ile-Ile Chemical compound [H]N1CCC[C@H]1C(=O)N[C@@H]([C@@H](C)CC)C(=O)N[C@@H]([C@@H](C)CC)C(O)=O LNOWDSPAYBWJOR-PEDHHIEDSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RYJRPPUATSKNAY-STECZYCISA-N Pro-Ile-Tyr Chemical compound CC[C@H](C)[C@@H](C(=O)N[C@@H](CC1=CC=C(C=C1)O)C(=O)O)NC(=O)[C@@H]2CCCN2 RYJRPPUATSKNAY-STECZYCISA-N 0.000 description 1
- MRYUJHGPZQNOAD-IHRRRGAJSA-N Pro-Leu-Lys Chemical compound CC(C)C[C@@H](C(=O)N[C@@H](CCCCN)C(=O)O)NC(=O)[C@@H]1CCCN1 MRYUJHGPZQNOAD-IHRRRGAJSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BVTYXOFTHDXSNI-IHRRRGAJSA-N Pro-Tyr-Cys Chemical compound C([C@@H](C(=O)N[C@@H](CS)C(=O)O)NC(=O)[C@H]1NCCC1)C1=CC=C(O)C=C1 BVTYXOFTHDXSNI-IHRRRGAJSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BVRBCQBUNGAWFP-KKUMJFAQSA-N Pro-Tyr-Gln Chemical compound C1C[C@H](NC1)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC2=CC=C(C=C2)O)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCC(=O)N)C(=O)O BVRBCQBUNGAWFP-KKUMJFAQSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZMLRZBWCXPQADC-TUAOUCFPSA-N Pro-Val-Pro Chemical compound CC(C)[C@@H](C(=O)N1CCC[C@@H]1C(=O)O)NC(=O)[C@@H]2CCCN2 ZMLRZBWCXPQADC-TUAOUCFPSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004373 Pullulan Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001218 Pullulan Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 241000959173 Rasamsonia emersonii Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000235403 Rhizomucor miehei Species 0.000 description 1
- MWMKFWJYRRGXOR-ZLUOBGJFSA-N Ser-Ala-Asn Chemical compound N[C@H](C(=O)N[C@H](C(=O)N[C@H](C(=O)O)CC(N)=O)C)CO MWMKFWJYRRGXOR-ZLUOBGJFSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FCRMLGJMPXCAHD-FXQIFTODSA-N Ser-Arg-Asn Chemical compound [H]N[C@@H](CO)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCCNC(N)=N)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(N)=O)C(O)=O FCRMLGJMPXCAHD-FXQIFTODSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VGNYHOBZJKWRGI-CIUDSAMLSA-N Ser-Asn-Lys Chemical compound NCCCC[C@@H](C(O)=O)NC(=O)[C@H](CC(N)=O)NC(=O)[C@@H](N)CO VGNYHOBZJKWRGI-CIUDSAMLSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UGJRQLURDVGULT-LKXGYXEUSA-N Ser-Asn-Thr Chemical compound [H]N[C@@H](CO)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(N)=O)C(=O)N[C@@H]([C@@H](C)O)C(O)=O UGJRQLURDVGULT-LKXGYXEUSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OLIJLNWFEQEFDM-SRVKXCTJSA-N Ser-Asp-Phe Chemical compound OC[C@H](N)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(O)=O)C(=O)N[C@H](C(O)=O)CC1=CC=CC=C1 OLIJLNWFEQEFDM-SRVKXCTJSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UQFYNFTYDHUIMI-WHFBIAKZSA-N Ser-Gly-Ala Chemical compound OC(=O)[C@H](C)NC(=O)CNC(=O)[C@@H](N)CO UQFYNFTYDHUIMI-WHFBIAKZSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AEGUWTFAQQWVLC-BQBZGAKWSA-N Ser-Gly-Arg Chemical compound [H]N[C@@H](CO)C(=O)NCC(=O)N[C@@H](CCCNC(N)=N)C(O)=O AEGUWTFAQQWVLC-BQBZGAKWSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MUARUIBTKQJKFY-WHFBIAKZSA-N Ser-Gly-Asp Chemical compound [H]N[C@@H](CO)C(=O)NCC(=O)N[C@@H](CC(O)=O)C(O)=O MUARUIBTKQJKFY-WHFBIAKZSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YMTLKLXDFCSCNX-BYPYZUCNSA-N Ser-Gly-Gly Chemical compound OC[C@H](N)C(=O)NCC(=O)NCC(O)=O YMTLKLXDFCSCNX-BYPYZUCNSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZOPISOXXPQNOCO-SVSWQMSJSA-N Ser-Ile-Thr Chemical compound CC[C@H](C)[C@@H](C(=O)N[C@@H]([C@@H](C)O)C(=O)O)NC(=O)[C@H](CO)N ZOPISOXXPQNOCO-SVSWQMSJSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MQQBBLVOUUJKLH-HJPIBITLSA-N Ser-Ile-Tyr Chemical compound [H]N[C@@H](CO)C(=O)N[C@@H]([C@@H](C)CC)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC1=CC=C(O)C=C1)C(O)=O MQQBBLVOUUJKLH-HJPIBITLSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IUXGJEIKJBYKOO-SRVKXCTJSA-N Ser-Leu-His Chemical compound CC(C)C[C@@H](C(=O)N[C@@H](CC1=CN=CN1)C(=O)O)NC(=O)[C@H](CO)N IUXGJEIKJBYKOO-SRVKXCTJSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KCGIREHVWRXNDH-GARJFASQSA-N Ser-Leu-Pro Chemical compound CC(C)C[C@@H](C(=O)N1CCC[C@@H]1C(=O)O)NC(=O)[C@H](CO)N KCGIREHVWRXNDH-GARJFASQSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SRKMDKACHDVPMD-SRVKXCTJSA-N Ser-Lys-His Chemical compound C1=C(NC=N1)C[C@@H](C(=O)O)NC(=O)[C@H](CCCCN)NC(=O)[C@H](CO)N SRKMDKACHDVPMD-SRVKXCTJSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LRWBCWGEUCKDTN-BJDJZHNGSA-N Ser-Lys-Ile Chemical compound [H]N[C@@H](CO)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCCCN)C(=O)N[C@@H]([C@@H](C)CC)C(O)=O LRWBCWGEUCKDTN-BJDJZHNGSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KJKQUQXDEKMPDK-FXQIFTODSA-N Ser-Met-Asp Chemical compound [H]N[C@@H](CO)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCSC)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(O)=O)C(O)=O KJKQUQXDEKMPDK-FXQIFTODSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HHJFMHQYEAAOBM-ZLUOBGJFSA-N Ser-Ser-Ala Chemical compound [H]N[C@@H](CO)C(=O)N[C@@H](CO)C(=O)N[C@@H](C)C(O)=O HHJFMHQYEAAOBM-ZLUOBGJFSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BMKNXTJLHFIAAH-CIUDSAMLSA-N Ser-Ser-Leu Chemical compound [H]N[C@@H](CO)C(=O)N[C@@H](CO)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(C)C)C(O)=O BMKNXTJLHFIAAH-CIUDSAMLSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XQJCEKXQUJQNNK-ZLUOBGJFSA-N Ser-Ser-Ser Chemical compound OC[C@H](N)C(=O)N[C@@H](CO)C(=O)N[C@@H](CO)C(O)=O XQJCEKXQUJQNNK-ZLUOBGJFSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OLKICIBQRVSQMA-SRVKXCTJSA-N Ser-Ser-Tyr Chemical compound [H]N[C@@H](CO)C(=O)N[C@@H](CO)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC1=CC=C(O)C=C1)C(O)=O OLKICIBQRVSQMA-SRVKXCTJSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VGQVAVQWKJLIRM-FXQIFTODSA-N Ser-Ser-Val Chemical compound [H]N[C@@H](CO)C(=O)N[C@@H](CO)C(=O)N[C@@H](C(C)C)C(O)=O VGQVAVQWKJLIRM-FXQIFTODSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SNXUIBACCONSOH-BWBBJGPYSA-N Ser-Thr-Ser Chemical compound OC[C@H](N)C(=O)N[C@@H]([C@H](O)C)C(=O)N[C@@H](CO)C(O)=O SNXUIBACCONSOH-BWBBJGPYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZKOKTQPHFMRSJP-YJRXYDGGSA-N Ser-Thr-Tyr Chemical compound [H]N[C@@H](CO)C(=O)N[C@@H]([C@@H](C)O)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC1=CC=C(O)C=C1)C(O)=O ZKOKTQPHFMRSJP-YJRXYDGGSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HAUVENOGHPECML-BPUTZDHNSA-N Ser-Trp-Val Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C(C[C@@H](C(=O)N[C@@H](C(C)C)C(O)=O)NC(=O)[C@@H](N)CO)=CNC2=C1 HAUVENOGHPECML-BPUTZDHNSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SIEBDTCABMZCLF-XGEHTFHBSA-N Ser-Val-Thr Chemical compound [H]N[C@@H](CO)C(=O)N[C@@H](C(C)C)C(=O)N[C@@H]([C@@H](C)O)C(O)=O SIEBDTCABMZCLF-XGEHTFHBSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241001484137 Talaromyces leycettanus Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000193447 Thermoanaerobacter thermohydrosulfuricus Species 0.000 description 1
- 241001136490 Thermomyces dupontii Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000009430 Thespesia populnea Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- DDPVJPIGACCMEH-XQXXSGGOSA-N Thr-Ala-Gln Chemical compound [H]N[C@@H]([C@@H](C)O)C(=O)N[C@@H](C)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCC(N)=O)C(O)=O DDPVJPIGACCMEH-XQXXSGGOSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PXQUBKWZENPDGE-CIQUZCHMSA-N Thr-Ala-Ile Chemical compound CC[C@H](C)[C@@H](C(=O)O)NC(=O)[C@H](C)NC(=O)[C@H]([C@@H](C)O)N PXQUBKWZENPDGE-CIQUZCHMSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BSNZTJXVDOINSR-JXUBOQSCSA-N Thr-Ala-Leu Chemical compound [H]N[C@@H]([C@@H](C)O)C(=O)N[C@@H](C)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(C)C)C(O)=O BSNZTJXVDOINSR-JXUBOQSCSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XSLXHSYIVPGEER-KZVJFYERSA-N Thr-Ala-Val Chemical compound [H]N[C@@H]([C@@H](C)O)C(=O)N[C@@H](C)C(=O)N[C@@H](C(C)C)C(O)=O XSLXHSYIVPGEER-KZVJFYERSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LHUBVKCLOVALIA-HJGDQZAQSA-N Thr-Arg-Gln Chemical compound [H]N[C@@H]([C@@H](C)O)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCCNC(N)=N)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCC(N)=O)C(O)=O LHUBVKCLOVALIA-HJGDQZAQSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SWIKDOUVROTZCW-GCJQMDKQSA-N Thr-Asn-Ala Chemical compound C[C@H]([C@@H](C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(=O)N)C(=O)N[C@@H](C)C(=O)O)N)O SWIKDOUVROTZCW-GCJQMDKQSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YBXMGKCLOPDEKA-NUMRIWBASA-N Thr-Asp-Glu Chemical compound [H]N[C@@H]([C@@H](C)O)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(O)=O)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCC(O)=O)C(O)=O YBXMGKCLOPDEKA-NUMRIWBASA-N 0.000 description 1
- OHAJHDJOCKKJLV-LKXGYXEUSA-N Thr-Asp-Ser Chemical compound [H]N[C@@H]([C@@H](C)O)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(O)=O)C(=O)N[C@@H](CO)C(O)=O OHAJHDJOCKKJLV-LKXGYXEUSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ODSAPYVQSLDRSR-LKXGYXEUSA-N Thr-Cys-Asn Chemical compound [H]N[C@@H]([C@@H](C)O)C(=O)N[C@@H](CS)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(N)=O)C(O)=O ODSAPYVQSLDRSR-LKXGYXEUSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KWQBJOUOSNJDRR-XAVMHZPKSA-N Thr-Cys-Pro Chemical compound C[C@H]([C@@H](C(=O)N[C@@H](CS)C(=O)N1CCC[C@@H]1C(=O)O)N)O KWQBJOUOSNJDRR-XAVMHZPKSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UZJDBCHMIQXLOQ-HEIBUPTGSA-N Thr-Cys-Thr Chemical compound C[C@H]([C@@H](C(=O)N[C@@H](CS)C(=O)N[C@@H]([C@@H](C)O)C(=O)O)N)O UZJDBCHMIQXLOQ-HEIBUPTGSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DKDHTRVDOUZZTP-IFFSRLJSSA-N Thr-Gln-Val Chemical compound CC(C)[C@H](NC(=O)[C@H](CCC(N)=O)NC(=O)[C@@H](N)[C@@H](C)O)C(O)=O DKDHTRVDOUZZTP-IFFSRLJSSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KBLYJPQSNGTDIU-LOKLDPHHSA-N Thr-Glu-Pro Chemical compound C[C@H]([C@@H](C(=O)N[C@@H](CCC(=O)O)C(=O)N1CCC[C@@H]1C(=O)O)N)O KBLYJPQSNGTDIU-LOKLDPHHSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VULNJDORNLBPNG-SWRJLBSHSA-N Thr-Glu-Trp Chemical compound C[C@H]([C@@H](C(=O)N[C@@H](CCC(=O)O)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC1=CNC2=CC=CC=C21)C(=O)O)N)O VULNJDORNLBPNG-SWRJLBSHSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PAXANSWUSVPFNK-IUKAMOBKSA-N Thr-Ile-Asn Chemical compound CC[C@H](C)[C@@H](C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(=O)N)C(=O)O)NC(=O)[C@H]([C@@H](C)O)N PAXANSWUSVPFNK-IUKAMOBKSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BVOVIGCHYNFJBZ-JXUBOQSCSA-N Thr-Leu-Ala Chemical compound [H]N[C@@H]([C@@H](C)O)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(C)C)C(=O)N[C@@H](C)C(O)=O BVOVIGCHYNFJBZ-JXUBOQSCSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MEJHFIOYJHTWMK-VOAKCMCISA-N Thr-Leu-Leu Chemical compound CC(C)C[C@@H](C(O)=O)NC(=O)[C@H](CC(C)C)NC(=O)[C@@H](N)[C@@H](C)O MEJHFIOYJHTWMK-VOAKCMCISA-N 0.000 description 1
- VRUFCJZQDACGLH-UVOCVTCTSA-N Thr-Leu-Thr Chemical compound [H]N[C@@H]([C@@H](C)O)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(C)C)C(=O)N[C@@H]([C@@H](C)O)C(O)=O VRUFCJZQDACGLH-UVOCVTCTSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MGJLBZFUXUGMML-VOAKCMCISA-N Thr-Lys-Lys Chemical compound C[C@H]([C@@H](C(=O)N[C@@H](CCCCN)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCCCN)C(=O)O)N)O MGJLBZFUXUGMML-VOAKCMCISA-N 0.000 description 1
- XSEPSRUDSPHMPX-KATARQTJSA-N Thr-Lys-Ser Chemical compound [H]N[C@@H]([C@@H](C)O)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCCCN)C(=O)N[C@@H](CO)C(O)=O XSEPSRUDSPHMPX-KATARQTJSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UXUAZXWKIGPUCH-RCWTZXSCSA-N Thr-Met-Met Chemical compound [H]N[C@@H]([C@@H](C)O)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCSC)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCSC)C(O)=O UXUAZXWKIGPUCH-RCWTZXSCSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NYQIZWROIMIQSL-VEVYYDQMSA-N Thr-Pro-Asn Chemical compound [H]N[C@@H]([C@@H](C)O)C(=O)N1CCC[C@H]1C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(N)=O)C(O)=O NYQIZWROIMIQSL-VEVYYDQMSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YGCDFAJJCRVQKU-RCWTZXSCSA-N Thr-Pro-Val Chemical compound CC(C)[C@@H](C(O)=O)NC(=O)[C@@H]1CCCN1C(=O)[C@@H](N)[C@@H](C)O YGCDFAJJCRVQKU-RCWTZXSCSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IVDFVBVIVLJJHR-LKXGYXEUSA-N Thr-Ser-Asp Chemical compound [H]N[C@@H]([C@@H](C)O)C(=O)N[C@@H](CO)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(O)=O)C(O)=O IVDFVBVIVLJJHR-LKXGYXEUSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DOBIBIXIHJKVJF-XKBZYTNZSA-N Thr-Ser-Gln Chemical compound C[C@@H](O)[C@H](N)C(=O)N[C@@H](CO)C(=O)N[C@H](C(O)=O)CCC(N)=O DOBIBIXIHJKVJF-XKBZYTNZSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SGAOHNPSEPVAFP-ZDLURKLDSA-N Thr-Ser-Gly Chemical compound [H]N[C@@H]([C@@H](C)O)C(=O)N[C@@H](CO)C(=O)NCC(O)=O SGAOHNPSEPVAFP-ZDLURKLDSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VUXIQSUQQYNLJP-XAVMHZPKSA-N Thr-Ser-Pro Chemical compound C[C@H]([C@@H](C(=O)N[C@@H](CO)C(=O)N1CCC[C@@H]1C(=O)O)N)O VUXIQSUQQYNLJP-XAVMHZPKSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AAZOYLQUEQRUMZ-GSSVUCPTSA-N Thr-Thr-Asn Chemical compound C[C@@H](O)[C@H](N)C(=O)N[C@@H]([C@@H](C)O)C(=O)N[C@H](C(O)=O)CC(N)=O AAZOYLQUEQRUMZ-GSSVUCPTSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NHQVWACSJZJCGJ-FLBSBUHZSA-N Thr-Thr-Ile Chemical compound [H]N[C@@H]([C@@H](C)O)C(=O)N[C@@H]([C@@H](C)O)C(=O)N[C@@H]([C@@H](C)CC)C(O)=O NHQVWACSJZJCGJ-FLBSBUHZSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CSNBWOJOEOPYIJ-UVOCVTCTSA-N Thr-Thr-Lys Chemical compound [H]N[C@@H]([C@@H](C)O)C(=O)N[C@@H]([C@@H](C)O)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCCCN)C(O)=O CSNBWOJOEOPYIJ-UVOCVTCTSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LXXCHJKHJYRMIY-FQPOAREZSA-N Thr-Tyr-Ala Chemical compound [H]N[C@@H]([C@@H](C)O)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC1=CC=C(O)C=C1)C(=O)N[C@@H](C)C(O)=O LXXCHJKHJYRMIY-FQPOAREZSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AKHDFZHUPGVFEJ-YEPSODPASA-N Thr-Val-Gly Chemical compound [H]N[C@@H]([C@@H](C)O)C(=O)N[C@@H](C(C)C)C(=O)NCC(O)=O AKHDFZHUPGVFEJ-YEPSODPASA-N 0.000 description 1
- BKVICMPZWRNWOC-RHYQMDGZSA-N Thr-Val-Leu Chemical compound CC(C)C[C@@H](C(O)=O)NC(=O)[C@H](C(C)C)NC(=O)[C@@H](N)[C@@H](C)O BKVICMPZWRNWOC-RHYQMDGZSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PWONLXBUSVIZPH-RHYQMDGZSA-N Thr-Val-Lys Chemical compound C[C@H]([C@@H](C(=O)N[C@@H](C(C)C)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCCCN)C(=O)O)N)O PWONLXBUSVIZPH-RHYQMDGZSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VYVBSMCZNHOZGD-RCWTZXSCSA-N Thr-Val-Val Chemical compound [H]N[C@@H]([C@@H](C)O)C(=O)N[C@@H](C(C)C)C(=O)N[C@@H](C(C)C)C(O)=O VYVBSMCZNHOZGD-RCWTZXSCSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ISWQCIVKKSOKNN-UHFFFAOYSA-L Tiron Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].OC1=CC(S([O-])(=O)=O)=CC(S([O-])(=O)=O)=C1O ISWQCIVKKSOKNN-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- TWJDQTTXXZDJKV-BPUTZDHNSA-N Trp-Arg-Ser Chemical compound [H]N[C@@H](CC1=CNC2=C1C=CC=C2)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCCNC(N)=N)C(=O)N[C@@H](CO)C(O)=O TWJDQTTXXZDJKV-BPUTZDHNSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WPSYJHFHZYJXMW-JSGCOSHPSA-N Trp-Gln-Gly Chemical compound [H]N[C@@H](CC1=CNC2=C1C=CC=C2)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCC(N)=O)C(=O)NCC(O)=O WPSYJHFHZYJXMW-JSGCOSHPSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DNUJCLUFRGGSDJ-YLVFBTJISA-N Trp-Gly-Ile Chemical compound CC[C@H](C)[C@@H](C(=O)O)NC(=O)CNC(=O)[C@H](CC1=CNC2=CC=CC=C21)N DNUJCLUFRGGSDJ-YLVFBTJISA-N 0.000 description 1
- WLBZWXXGSOLJBA-HOCLYGCPSA-N Trp-Gly-Lys Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C(C[C@H](N)C(=O)NCC(=O)N[C@@H](CCCCN)C(O)=O)=CNC2=C1 WLBZWXXGSOLJBA-HOCLYGCPSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OGXQLUCMJZSJPW-LYSGOOTNSA-N Trp-Gly-Thr Chemical compound C[C@H]([C@@H](C(=O)O)NC(=O)CNC(=O)[C@H](CC1=CNC2=CC=CC=C21)N)O OGXQLUCMJZSJPW-LYSGOOTNSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OTWIOROMZLNAQC-XIRDDKMYSA-N Trp-His-Asp Chemical compound [H]N[C@@H](CC1=CNC2=C1C=CC=C2)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC1=CNC=N1)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(O)=O)C(O)=O OTWIOROMZLNAQC-XIRDDKMYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RRXPAFGTFQIEMD-IVJVFBROSA-N Trp-Ile-Pro Chemical compound CC[C@H](C)[C@@H](C(=O)N1CCC[C@@H]1C(=O)O)NC(=O)[C@H](CC2=CNC3=CC=CC=C32)N RRXPAFGTFQIEMD-IVJVFBROSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SAKLWFSRZTZQAJ-GQGQLFGLSA-N Trp-Ile-Ser Chemical compound CC[C@H](C)[C@@H](C(=O)N[C@@H](CO)C(=O)O)NC(=O)[C@H](CC1=CNC2=CC=CC=C21)N SAKLWFSRZTZQAJ-GQGQLFGLSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UJRIVCPPPMYCNA-HOCLYGCPSA-N Trp-Leu-Gly Chemical compound CC(C)C[C@@H](C(=O)NCC(=O)O)NC(=O)[C@H](CC1=CNC2=CC=CC=C21)N UJRIVCPPPMYCNA-HOCLYGCPSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GWBWCGITOYODER-YTQUADARSA-N Trp-Leu-Pro Chemical compound CC(C)C[C@@H](C(=O)N1CCC[C@@H]1C(=O)O)NC(=O)[C@H](CC2=CNC3=CC=CC=C32)N GWBWCGITOYODER-YTQUADARSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZHZLQVLQBDBQCQ-WDSOQIARSA-N Trp-Lys-Arg Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C(=C1)C(=CN2)C[C@@H](C(=O)N[C@@H](CCCCN)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCCN=C(N)N)C(=O)O)N ZHZLQVLQBDBQCQ-WDSOQIARSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WMIUTJPFHMMUGY-ZFWWWQNUSA-N Trp-Pro-Gly Chemical compound C1C[C@H](N(C1)C(=O)[C@H](CC2=CNC3=CC=CC=C32)N)C(=O)NCC(=O)O WMIUTJPFHMMUGY-ZFWWWQNUSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ABRICLFKFRFDKS-IHPCNDPISA-N Trp-Ser-Tyr Chemical compound C([C@H](NC(=O)[C@H](CO)NC(=O)[C@H](CC=1C2=CC=CC=C2NC=1)N)C(O)=O)C1=CC=C(O)C=C1 ABRICLFKFRFDKS-IHPCNDPISA-N 0.000 description 1
- MPYZGXUYLNPSNF-NAZCDGGXSA-N Trp-Thr-His Chemical compound C[C@H]([C@@H](C(=O)N[C@@H](CC1=CN=CN1)C(=O)O)NC(=O)[C@H](CC2=CNC3=CC=CC=C32)N)O MPYZGXUYLNPSNF-NAZCDGGXSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DYIXEGROAOVQPK-VFAJRCTISA-N Trp-Thr-Lys Chemical compound C[C@H]([C@@H](C(=O)N[C@@H](CCCCN)C(=O)O)NC(=O)[C@H](CC1=CNC2=CC=CC=C21)N)O DYIXEGROAOVQPK-VFAJRCTISA-N 0.000 description 1
- FHHYVSCGOMPLLO-IHPCNDPISA-N Trp-Tyr-Asp Chemical compound C([C@H](NC(=O)[C@H](CC=1C2=CC=CC=C2NC=1)N)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(O)=O)C(O)=O)C1=CC=C(O)C=C1 FHHYVSCGOMPLLO-IHPCNDPISA-N 0.000 description 1
- SJWLQICJOBMOGG-PMVMPFDFSA-N Trp-Tyr-His Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C(=C1)C(=CN2)C[C@@H](C(=O)N[C@@H](CC3=CC=C(C=C3)O)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC4=CN=CN4)C(=O)O)N SJWLQICJOBMOGG-PMVMPFDFSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ITUAVBRBGKVBLH-BVSLBCMMSA-N Trp-Tyr-Met Chemical compound CSCC[C@@H](C(=O)O)NC(=O)[C@H](CC1=CC=C(C=C1)O)NC(=O)[C@H](CC2=CNC3=CC=CC=C32)N ITUAVBRBGKVBLH-BVSLBCMMSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SSSDKJMQMZTMJP-BVSLBCMMSA-N Trp-Tyr-Val Chemical compound C([C@@H](C(=O)N[C@@H](C(C)C)C(O)=O)NC(=O)[C@@H](N)CC=1C2=CC=CC=C2NC=1)C1=CC=C(O)C=C1 SSSDKJMQMZTMJP-BVSLBCMMSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000006035 Tryptophane Substances 0.000 description 1
- XGEUYEOEZYFHRL-KKXDTOCCSA-N Tyr-Ala-Phe Chemical compound C([C@H](N)C(=O)N[C@@H](C)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC=1C=CC=CC=1)C(O)=O)C1=CC=C(O)C=C1 XGEUYEOEZYFHRL-KKXDTOCCSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MTEQZJFSEMXXRK-CFMVVWHZSA-N Tyr-Asn-Ile Chemical compound CC[C@H](C)[C@@H](C(=O)O)NC(=O)[C@H](CC(=O)N)NC(=O)[C@H](CC1=CC=C(C=C1)O)N MTEQZJFSEMXXRK-CFMVVWHZSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BVWADTBVGZHSLW-IHRRRGAJSA-N Tyr-Asn-Met Chemical compound CSCC[C@@H](C(=O)O)NC(=O)[C@H](CC(=O)N)NC(=O)[C@H](CC1=CC=C(C=C1)O)N BVWADTBVGZHSLW-IHRRRGAJSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FGJWNBBFAUHBEP-IHPCNDPISA-N Tyr-Asp-Trp Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C(=C1)C(=CN2)C[C@@H](C(=O)O)NC(=O)[C@H](CC(=O)O)NC(=O)[C@H](CC3=CC=C(C=C3)O)N FGJWNBBFAUHBEP-IHPCNDPISA-N 0.000 description 1
- FQNUWOHNGJWNLM-QWRGUYRKSA-N Tyr-Cys-Gly Chemical compound [H]N[C@@H](CC1=CC=C(O)C=C1)C(=O)N[C@@H](CS)C(=O)NCC(O)=O FQNUWOHNGJWNLM-QWRGUYRKSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WEFIPBYPXZYPHD-HJPIBITLSA-N Tyr-Cys-Ile Chemical compound CC[C@H](C)[C@@H](C(=O)O)NC(=O)[C@H](CS)NC(=O)[C@H](CC1=CC=C(C=C1)O)N WEFIPBYPXZYPHD-HJPIBITLSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CRHFOYCJGVJPLE-AVGNSLFASA-N Tyr-Gln-Asn Chemical compound C1=CC(=CC=C1C[C@@H](C(=O)N[C@@H](CCC(=O)N)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(=O)N)C(=O)O)N)O CRHFOYCJGVJPLE-AVGNSLFASA-N 0.000 description 1
- QAYSODICXVZUIA-WLTAIBSBSA-N Tyr-Gly-Thr Chemical compound [H]N[C@@H](CC1=CC=C(O)C=C1)C(=O)NCC(=O)N[C@@H]([C@@H](C)O)C(O)=O QAYSODICXVZUIA-WLTAIBSBSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MVYRJYISVJWKSX-KBPBESRZSA-N Tyr-His-Gly Chemical compound C1=CC(=CC=C1C[C@@H](C(=O)N[C@@H](CC2=CN=CN2)C(=O)NCC(=O)O)N)O MVYRJYISVJWKSX-KBPBESRZSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HFJJDMOFTCQGEI-STECZYCISA-N Tyr-Ile-Met Chemical compound CC[C@H](C)[C@@H](C(=O)N[C@@H](CCSC)C(=O)O)NC(=O)[C@H](CC1=CC=C(C=C1)O)N HFJJDMOFTCQGEI-STECZYCISA-N 0.000 description 1
- AZZLDIDWPZLCCW-ZEWNOJEFSA-N Tyr-Ile-Phe Chemical compound [H]N[C@@H](CC1=CC=C(O)C=C1)C(=O)N[C@@H]([C@@H](C)CC)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC1=CC=CC=C1)C(O)=O AZZLDIDWPZLCCW-ZEWNOJEFSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LRHBBGDMBLFYGL-FHWLQOOXSA-N Tyr-Phe-Glu Chemical compound C([C@H](N)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC=1C=CC=CC=1)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCC(O)=O)C(O)=O)C1=CC=C(O)C=C1 LRHBBGDMBLFYGL-FHWLQOOXSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZMKDQRJLMRZHRI-ACRUOGEOSA-N Tyr-Phe-His Chemical compound C1=CC=C(C=C1)C[C@@H](C(=O)N[C@@H](CC2=CN=CN2)C(=O)O)NC(=O)[C@H](CC3=CC=C(C=C3)O)N ZMKDQRJLMRZHRI-ACRUOGEOSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SCZJKZLFSSPJDP-ACRUOGEOSA-N Tyr-Phe-Leu Chemical compound [H]N[C@@H](CC1=CC=C(O)C=C1)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC1=CC=CC=C1)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(C)C)C(O)=O SCZJKZLFSSPJDP-ACRUOGEOSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SOEGLGLDSUHWTI-STECZYCISA-N Tyr-Pro-Ile Chemical compound CC[C@H](C)[C@@H](C(O)=O)NC(=O)[C@@H]1CCCN1C(=O)[C@@H](N)CC1=CC=C(O)C=C1 SOEGLGLDSUHWTI-STECZYCISA-N 0.000 description 1
- GQVZBMROTPEPIF-SRVKXCTJSA-N Tyr-Ser-Asp Chemical compound [H]N[C@@H](CC1=CC=C(O)C=C1)C(=O)N[C@@H](CO)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(O)=O)C(O)=O GQVZBMROTPEPIF-SRVKXCTJSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IEWKKXZRJLTIOV-AVGNSLFASA-N Tyr-Ser-Gln Chemical compound [H]N[C@@H](CC1=CC=C(O)C=C1)C(=O)N[C@@H](CO)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCC(N)=O)C(O)=O IEWKKXZRJLTIOV-AVGNSLFASA-N 0.000 description 1
- MQGGXGKQSVEQHR-KKUMJFAQSA-N Tyr-Ser-Leu Chemical compound CC(C)C[C@@H](C(O)=O)NC(=O)[C@H](CO)NC(=O)[C@@H](N)CC1=CC=C(O)C=C1 MQGGXGKQSVEQHR-KKUMJFAQSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UMSZZGTXGKHTFJ-SRVKXCTJSA-N Tyr-Ser-Ser Chemical compound OC[C@@H](C(O)=O)NC(=O)[C@H](CO)NC(=O)[C@@H](N)CC1=CC=C(O)C=C1 UMSZZGTXGKHTFJ-SRVKXCTJSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XUIOBCQESNDTDE-FQPOAREZSA-N Tyr-Thr-Ala Chemical compound C[C@H]([C@@H](C(=O)N[C@@H](C)C(=O)O)NC(=O)[C@H](CC1=CC=C(C=C1)O)N)O XUIOBCQESNDTDE-FQPOAREZSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UUBKSZNKJUJQEJ-JRQIVUDYSA-N Tyr-Thr-Asp Chemical compound C[C@H]([C@@H](C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(=O)O)C(=O)O)NC(=O)[C@H](CC1=CC=C(C=C1)O)N)O UUBKSZNKJUJQEJ-JRQIVUDYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AKKYBQGHUAWPJR-MNSWYVGCSA-N Tyr-Thr-Trp Chemical compound C[C@H]([C@@H](C(=O)N[C@@H](CC1=CNC2=CC=CC=C21)C(=O)O)NC(=O)[C@H](CC3=CC=C(C=C3)O)N)O AKKYBQGHUAWPJR-MNSWYVGCSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HMPMGPISLMLHSI-JBACZVJFSA-N Tyr-Trp-Gln Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C(=C1)C(=CN2)C[C@@H](C(=O)N[C@@H](CCC(=O)N)C(=O)O)NC(=O)[C@H](CC3=CC=C(C=C3)O)N HMPMGPISLMLHSI-JBACZVJFSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WYOBRXPIZVKNMF-IRXDYDNUSA-N Tyr-Tyr-Gly Chemical compound C([C@H](N)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC=1C=CC(O)=CC=1)C(=O)NCC(O)=O)C1=CC=C(O)C=C1 WYOBRXPIZVKNMF-IRXDYDNUSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KHPLUFDSWGDRHD-SLFFLAALSA-N Tyr-Tyr-Pro Chemical compound C1C[C@@H](N(C1)C(=O)[C@H](CC2=CC=C(C=C2)O)NC(=O)[C@H](CC3=CC=C(C=C3)O)N)C(=O)O KHPLUFDSWGDRHD-SLFFLAALSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 108010064997 VPY tripeptide Proteins 0.000 description 1
- UEOOXDLMQZBPFR-ZKWXMUAHSA-N Val-Ala-Asn Chemical compound C[C@@H](C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(=O)N)C(=O)O)NC(=O)[C@H](C(C)C)N UEOOXDLMQZBPFR-ZKWXMUAHSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YFOCMOVJBQDBCE-NRPADANISA-N Val-Ala-Glu Chemical compound C[C@@H](C(=O)N[C@@H](CCC(=O)O)C(=O)O)NC(=O)[C@H](C(C)C)N YFOCMOVJBQDBCE-NRPADANISA-N 0.000 description 1
- AZSHAZJLOZQYAY-FXQIFTODSA-N Val-Ala-Ser Chemical compound CC(C)[C@H](N)C(=O)N[C@@H](C)C(=O)N[C@@H](CO)C(O)=O AZSHAZJLOZQYAY-FXQIFTODSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JIODCDXKCJRMEH-NHCYSSNCSA-N Val-Arg-Gln Chemical compound CC(C)[C@@H](C(=O)N[C@@H](CCCN=C(N)N)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCC(=O)N)C(=O)O)N JIODCDXKCJRMEH-NHCYSSNCSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KKHRWGYHBZORMQ-NHCYSSNCSA-N Val-Arg-Glu Chemical compound CC(C)[C@@H](C(=O)N[C@@H](CCCN=C(N)N)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCC(=O)O)C(=O)O)N KKHRWGYHBZORMQ-NHCYSSNCSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VMRFIKXKOFNMHW-GUBZILKMSA-N Val-Arg-Ser Chemical compound CC(C)[C@@H](C(=O)N[C@@H](CCCN=C(N)N)C(=O)N[C@@H](CO)C(=O)O)N VMRFIKXKOFNMHW-GUBZILKMSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CWOSXNKDOACNJN-BZSNNMDCSA-N Val-Arg-Trp Chemical compound CC(C)[C@@H](C(=O)N[C@@H](CCCN=C(N)N)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC1=CNC2=CC=CC=C21)C(=O)O)N CWOSXNKDOACNJN-BZSNNMDCSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UDNYEPLJTRDMEJ-RCOVLWMOSA-N Val-Asn-Gly Chemical compound CC(C)[C@@H](C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(=O)N)C(=O)NCC(=O)O)N UDNYEPLJTRDMEJ-RCOVLWMOSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GNWUWQAVVJQREM-NHCYSSNCSA-N Val-Asn-His Chemical compound CC(C)[C@@H](C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(=O)N)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC1=CN=CN1)C(=O)O)N GNWUWQAVVJQREM-NHCYSSNCSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JLFKWDAZBRYCGX-ZKWXMUAHSA-N Val-Asn-Ser Chemical compound CC(C)[C@@H](C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(=O)N)C(=O)N[C@@H](CO)C(=O)O)N JLFKWDAZBRYCGX-ZKWXMUAHSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ISERLACIZUGCDX-ZKWXMUAHSA-N Val-Asp-Ala Chemical compound C[C@@H](C(=O)O)NC(=O)[C@H](CC(=O)O)NC(=O)[C@H](C(C)C)N ISERLACIZUGCDX-ZKWXMUAHSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QHDXUYOYTPWCSK-RCOVLWMOSA-N Val-Asp-Gly Chemical compound CC(C)[C@@H](C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(=O)O)C(=O)NCC(=O)O)N QHDXUYOYTPWCSK-RCOVLWMOSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OVLIFGQSBSNGHY-KKHAAJSZSA-N Val-Asp-Thr Chemical compound C[C@H]([C@@H](C(=O)O)NC(=O)[C@H](CC(=O)O)NC(=O)[C@H](C(C)C)N)O OVLIFGQSBSNGHY-KKHAAJSZSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XKVXSCHXGJOQND-ZOBUZTSGSA-N Val-Asp-Trp Chemical compound CC(C)[C@@H](C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(=O)O)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC1=CNC2=CC=CC=C21)C(=O)O)N XKVXSCHXGJOQND-ZOBUZTSGSA-N 0.000 description 1
- COSLEEOIYRPTHD-YDHLFZDLSA-N Val-Asp-Tyr Chemical compound CC(C)[C@H](N)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(O)=O)C(=O)N[C@H](C(O)=O)CC1=CC=C(O)C=C1 COSLEEOIYRPTHD-YDHLFZDLSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CFSSLXZJEMERJY-NRPADANISA-N Val-Gln-Ala Chemical compound CC(C)[C@H](N)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCC(N)=O)C(=O)N[C@@H](C)C(O)=O CFSSLXZJEMERJY-NRPADANISA-N 0.000 description 1
- XTAUQCGQFJQGEJ-NHCYSSNCSA-N Val-Gln-Arg Chemical compound CC(C)[C@@H](C(=O)N[C@@H](CCC(=O)N)C(=O)N[C@@H](CCCN=C(N)N)C(=O)O)N XTAUQCGQFJQGEJ-NHCYSSNCSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UZDHNIJRRTUKKC-DLOVCJGASA-N Val-Gln-Val Chemical compound CC(C)[C@@H](C(=O)N[C@@H](CCC(=O)N)C(=O)N[C@@H](C(C)C)C(=O)O)N UZDHNIJRRTUKKC-DLOVCJGASA-N 0.000 description 1
- GBESYURLQOYWLU-LAEOZQHASA-N Val-Glu-Asp Chemical compound CC(C)[C@@H](C(=O)N[C@@H](CCC(=O)O)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(=O)O)C(=O)O)N GBESYURLQOYWLU-LAEOZQHASA-N 0.000 description 1
- WFENBJPLZMPVAX-XVKPBYJWSA-N Val-Gly-Glu Chemical compound CC(C)[C@H](N)C(=O)NCC(=O)N[C@H](C(O)=O)CCC(O)=O WFENBJPLZMPVAX-XVKPBYJWSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LAYSXAOGWHKNED-XPUUQOCRSA-N Val-Gly-Ser Chemical compound CC(C)[C@H](N)C(=O)NCC(=O)N[C@@H](CO)C(O)=O LAYSXAOGWHKNED-XPUUQOCRSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BVWPHWLFGRCECJ-JSGCOSHPSA-N Val-Gly-Tyr Chemical compound CC(C)[C@@H](C(=O)NCC(=O)N[C@@H](CC1=CC=C(C=C1)O)C(=O)O)N BVWPHWLFGRCECJ-JSGCOSHPSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BZMIYHIJVVJPCK-QSFUFRPTSA-N Val-Ile-Asn Chemical compound CC[C@H](C)[C@@H](C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(=O)N)C(=O)O)NC(=O)[C@H](C(C)C)N BZMIYHIJVVJPCK-QSFUFRPTSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UKEVLVBHRKWECS-LSJOCFKGSA-N Val-Ile-Gly Chemical compound CC[C@H](C)[C@@H](C(=O)NCC(=O)O)NC(=O)[C@H](C(C)C)N UKEVLVBHRKWECS-LSJOCFKGSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FEXILLGKGGTLRI-NHCYSSNCSA-N Val-Leu-Asn Chemical compound CC(C)C[C@@H](C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(=O)N)C(=O)O)NC(=O)[C@H](C(C)C)N FEXILLGKGGTLRI-NHCYSSNCSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BTWMICVCQLKKNR-DCAQKATOSA-N Val-Leu-Ser Chemical compound CC(C)[C@H]([NH3+])C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(C)C)C(=O)N[C@@H](CO)C([O-])=O BTWMICVCQLKKNR-DCAQKATOSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OJOMXGVLFKYDKP-QXEWZRGKSA-N Val-Met-Asp Chemical compound CC(C)[C@@H](C(=O)N[C@@H](CCSC)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(=O)O)C(=O)O)N OJOMXGVLFKYDKP-QXEWZRGKSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WMRWZYSRQUORHJ-YDHLFZDLSA-N Val-Phe-Asp Chemical compound CC(C)[C@@H](C(=O)N[C@@H](CC1=CC=CC=C1)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(=O)O)C(=O)O)N WMRWZYSRQUORHJ-YDHLFZDLSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MHHAWNPHDLCPLF-ULQDDVLXSA-N Val-Phe-Lys Chemical compound NCCCC[C@@H](C(O)=O)NC(=O)[C@@H](NC(=O)[C@@H](N)C(C)C)CC1=CC=CC=C1 MHHAWNPHDLCPLF-ULQDDVLXSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YTNGABPUXFEOGU-SRVKXCTJSA-N Val-Pro-Arg Chemical compound CC(C)[C@H](N)C(=O)N1CCC[C@H]1C(=O)N[C@@H](CCCN=C(N)N)C(O)=O YTNGABPUXFEOGU-SRVKXCTJSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WANVRBAZGSICCP-SRVKXCTJSA-N Val-Pro-Met Chemical compound CSCC[C@H](NC(=O)[C@@H]1CCCN1C(=O)[C@@H](N)C(C)C)C(O)=O WANVRBAZGSICCP-SRVKXCTJSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QWCZXKIFPWPQHR-JYJNAYRXSA-N Val-Pro-Tyr Chemical compound CC(C)[C@H](N)C(=O)N1CCC[C@H]1C(=O)N[C@H](C(O)=O)CC1=CC=C(O)C=C1 QWCZXKIFPWPQHR-JYJNAYRXSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KSFXWENSJABBFI-ZKWXMUAHSA-N Val-Ser-Asn Chemical compound [H]N[C@@H](C(C)C)C(=O)N[C@@H](CO)C(=O)N[C@@H](CC(N)=O)C(O)=O KSFXWENSJABBFI-ZKWXMUAHSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PZTZYZUTCPZWJH-FXQIFTODSA-N Val-Ser-Ser Chemical compound CC(C)[C@@H](C(=O)N[C@@H](CO)C(=O)N[C@@H](CO)C(=O)O)N PZTZYZUTCPZWJH-FXQIFTODSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UJMCYJKPDFQLHX-XGEHTFHBSA-N Val-Ser-Thr Chemical compound C[C@H]([C@@H](C(=O)O)NC(=O)[C@H](CO)NC(=O)[C@H](C(C)C)N)O UJMCYJKPDFQLHX-XGEHTFHBSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NZYNRRGJJVSSTJ-GUBZILKMSA-N Val-Ser-Val Chemical compound CC(C)[C@H](N)C(=O)N[C@@H](CO)C(=O)N[C@@H](C(C)C)C(O)=O NZYNRRGJJVSSTJ-GUBZILKMSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CEKSLIVSNNGOKH-KZVJFYERSA-N Val-Thr-Ala Chemical compound C[C@H]([C@@H](C(=O)N[C@@H](C)C(=O)O)NC(=O)[C@H](C(C)C)N)O CEKSLIVSNNGOKH-KZVJFYERSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UVHFONIHVHLDDQ-IFFSRLJSSA-N Val-Thr-Glu Chemical compound C[C@H]([C@@H](C(=O)N[C@@H](CCC(=O)O)C(=O)O)NC(=O)[C@H](C(C)C)N)O UVHFONIHVHLDDQ-IFFSRLJSSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YLBNZCJFSVJDRJ-KJEVXHAQSA-N Val-Thr-Tyr Chemical compound CC(C)[C@H](N)C(=O)N[C@@H]([C@@H](C)O)C(=O)N[C@@H](Cc1ccc(O)cc1)C(O)=O YLBNZCJFSVJDRJ-KJEVXHAQSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QPJSIBAOZBVELU-BPNCWPANSA-N Val-Tyr-Ala Chemical compound C[C@@H](C(=O)O)NC(=O)[C@H](CC1=CC=C(C=C1)O)NC(=O)[C@H](C(C)C)N QPJSIBAOZBVELU-BPNCWPANSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CFIBZQOLUDURST-IHRRRGAJSA-N Val-Tyr-Cys Chemical compound CC(C)[C@@H](C(=O)N[C@@H](CC1=CC=C(C=C1)O)C(=O)N[C@@H](CS)C(=O)O)N CFIBZQOLUDURST-IHRRRGAJSA-N 0.000 description 1
- GUIYPEKUEMQBIK-JSGCOSHPSA-N Val-Tyr-Gly Chemical compound CC(C)[C@H](N)C(=O)N[C@@H](Cc1ccc(O)cc1)C(=O)NCC(O)=O GUIYPEKUEMQBIK-JSGCOSHPSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FENRSEGZMITUEF-ATTCVCFYSA-E [Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[Na+].OP(=O)([O-])O[C@@H]1[C@@H](OP(=O)([O-])[O-])[C@H](OP(=O)(O)[O-])[C@H](OP(=O)([O-])[O-])[C@H](OP(=O)(O)[O-])[C@H]1OP(=O)([O-])[O-] Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[Na+].OP(=O)([O-])O[C@@H]1[C@@H](OP(=O)([O-])[O-])[C@H](OP(=O)(O)[O-])[C@H](OP(=O)([O-])[O-])[C@H](OP(=O)(O)[O-])[C@H]1OP(=O)([O-])[O-] FENRSEGZMITUEF-ATTCVCFYSA-E 0.000 description 1
- 238000011000 absolute method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 108090000350 actinidain Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 230000003213 activating effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 108010076324 alanyl-glycyl-glycine Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 108010041407 alanylaspartic acid Proteins 0.000 description 1
- WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-DVKNGEFBSA-N alpha-D-glucose Chemical compound OC[C@H]1O[C@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-DVKNGEFBSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 108010028144 alpha-Glucosidases Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 108010050025 alpha-glutamyltryptophan Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 229910000147 aluminium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000003625 amylolytic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 108010069926 arginyl-glycyl-serine Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 108010062796 arginyllysine Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 108010077245 asparaginyl-proline Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 108010040443 aspartyl-aspartic acid Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 108010027234 aspartyl-glycyl-glutamyl-alanine Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 108010093581 aspartyl-proline Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 108010038633 aspartylglutamate Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 108010068265 aspartyltyrosine Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 235000008429 bread Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000000872 buffer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 210000002421 cell wall Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 238000005119 centrifugation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229960002976 chymopapain Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000004737 colorimetric analysis Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000010411 cooking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000006071 cream Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001351 cycling effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 108010016616 cysteinylglycine Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 230000006378 damage Effects 0.000 description 1
- FSXRLASFHBWESK-UHFFFAOYSA-N dipeptide phenylalanyl-tyrosine Natural products C=1C=C(O)C=CC=1CC(C(O)=O)NC(=O)C(N)CC1=CC=CC=C1 FSXRLASFHBWESK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LOKCTEFSRHRXRJ-UHFFFAOYSA-I dipotassium trisodium dihydrogen phosphate hydrogen phosphate dichloride Chemical compound P(=O)(O)(O)[O-].[K+].P(=O)(O)([O-])[O-].[Na+].[Na+].[Cl-].[K+].[Cl-].[Na+] LOKCTEFSRHRXRJ-UHFFFAOYSA-I 0.000 description 1
- 238000007598 dipping method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002016 disaccharides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000004821 distillation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005059 dormancy Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000975 dye Substances 0.000 description 1
- 108010091371 endoglucanase 1 Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 238000004880 explosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000011389 fruit/vegetable juice Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000000299 fungilytic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 108010063718 gamma-glutamylaspartic acid Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 238000012812 general test Methods 0.000 description 1
- 108010061330 glucan 1,4-alpha-maltohydrolase Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 125000002791 glucosyl group Chemical group C1([C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H](O1)CO)* 0.000 description 1
- 108010087823 glycyltyrosine Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 108010037850 glycylvaline Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 108010036413 histidylglycine Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 108010085325 histidylproline Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 230000036571 hydration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006703 hydration reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003301 hydrolyzing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002779 inactivation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001802 infusion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052816 inorganic phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000003780 insertion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000037431 insertion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002427 irreversible effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 108010027338 isoleucylcysteine Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 108010012058 leucyltyrosine Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 108010003700 lysyl aspartic acid Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 108010025153 lysyl-alanyl-alanine Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 108010010679 lysyl-valyl-leucyl-aspartic acid Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 108010017391 lysylvaline Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 238000004890 malting Methods 0.000 description 1
- FYGDTMLNYKFZSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N mannotriose Natural products OC1C(O)C(O)C(CO)OC1OC1C(CO)OC(OC2C(OC(O)C(O)C2O)CO)C(O)C1O FYGDTMLNYKFZSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000012054 meals Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 108010016686 methionyl-alanyl-serine Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 108010063431 methionyl-aspartyl-glycine Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 108010005942 methionylglycine Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 230000000813 microbial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229930027945 nicotinamide-adenine dinucleotide Natural products 0.000 description 1
- BOPGDPNILDQYTO-NNYOXOHSSA-N nicotinamide-adenine dinucleotide Chemical compound C1=CCC(C(=O)N)=CN1[C@H]1[C@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](COP(O)(=O)OP(O)(=O)OC[C@@H]2[C@H]([C@@H](O)[C@@H](O2)N2C3=NC=NC(N)=C3N=C2)O)O1 BOPGDPNILDQYTO-NNYOXOHSSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000016709 nutrition Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000035764 nutrition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920001542 oligosaccharide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 150000002482 oligosaccharides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 101150093025 pepA gene Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 108010074082 phenylalanyl-alanyl-lysine Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 108010073025 phenylalanylphenylalanine Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 108010083476 phenylalanyltryptophan Proteins 0.000 description 1
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K phosphate Chemical compound [O-]P([O-])([O-])=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 239000002953 phosphate buffered saline Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000002467 phosphate group Chemical group [H]OP(=O)(O[H])O[*] 0.000 description 1
- 150000003016 phosphoric acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000020004 porter Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000007715 potassium iodide Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229960004839 potassium iodide Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000012015 potatoes Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002244 precipitate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 108010093296 prolyl-prolyl-alanine Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 108010029020 prolylglycine Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 108010053725 prolylvaline Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 235000019833 protease Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000003531 protein hydrolysate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019423 pullulan Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011541 reaction mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 108091006091 regulatory enzymes Proteins 0.000 description 1
- KUIXZSYWBHSYCN-UHFFFAOYSA-L remazol brilliant blue r Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].C1=C(S([O-])(=O)=O)C(N)=C2C(=O)C3=CC=CC=C3C(=O)C2=C1NC1=CC=CC(S(=O)(=O)CCOS([O-])(=O)=O)=C1 KUIXZSYWBHSYCN-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 230000008521 reorganization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004044 response Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 102000012498 secondary active transmembrane transporter activity proteins Human genes 0.000 description 1
- 108040003878 secondary active transmembrane transporter activity proteins Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 238000004062 sedimentation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003375 selectivity assay Methods 0.000 description 1
- 108010069117 seryl-lysyl-aspartic acid Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 108010026333 seryl-proline Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 150000004760 silicates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940083982 sodium phytate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 238000002798 spectrophotometry method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004458 spent grain Substances 0.000 description 1
- 108010005652 splenotritin Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007858 starting material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000006228 supernatant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002258 tannic acid Polymers 0.000 description 1
- LRBQNJMCXXYXIU-NRMVVENXSA-N tannic acid Chemical compound OC1=C(O)C(O)=CC(C(=O)OC=2C(=C(O)C=C(C=2)C(=O)OC[C@@H]2[C@H]([C@H](OC(=O)C=3C=C(OC(=O)C=4C=C(O)C(O)=C(O)C=4)C(O)=C(O)C=3)[C@@H](OC(=O)C=3C=C(OC(=O)C=4C=C(O)C(O)=C(O)C=4)C(O)=C(O)C=3)[C@@H](OC(=O)C=3C=C(OC(=O)C=4C=C(O)C(O)=C(O)C=4)C(O)=C(O)C=3)O2)OC(=O)C=2C=C(OC(=O)C=3C=C(O)C(O)=C(O)C=3)C(O)=C(O)C=2)O)=C1 LRBQNJMCXXYXIU-NRMVVENXSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940033123 tannic acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000015523 tannic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229920001864 tannin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 235000018553 tannin Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000001648 tannin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000012976 tarts Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 1
- YNJBWRMUSHSURL-UHFFFAOYSA-N trichloroacetic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C(Cl)(Cl)Cl YNJBWRMUSHSURL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 108010080629 tryptophan-leucine Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 108010084932 tryptophyl-proline Proteins 0.000 description 1
- 210000002268 wool Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- FYGDTMLNYKFZSV-BYLHFPJWSA-N β-1,4-galactotrioside Chemical compound O[C@@H]1[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O[C@H]1O[C@@H]1[C@H](CO)O[C@@H](O[C@@H]2[C@@H](O[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@H]2O)CO)[C@H](O)[C@H]1O FYGDTMLNYKFZSV-BYLHFPJWSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12P—FERMENTATION OR ENZYME-USING PROCESSES TO SYNTHESISE A DESIRED CHEMICAL COMPOUND OR COMPOSITION OR TO SEPARATE OPTICAL ISOMERS FROM A RACEMIC MIXTURE
- C12P7/00—Preparation of oxygen-containing organic compounds
- C12P7/02—Preparation of oxygen-containing organic compounds containing a hydroxy group
- C12P7/04—Preparation of oxygen-containing organic compounds containing a hydroxy group acyclic
- C12P7/06—Ethanol, i.e. non-beverage
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12C—BEER; PREPARATION OF BEER BY FERMENTATION; PREPARATION OF MALT FOR MAKING BEER; PREPARATION OF HOPS FOR MAKING BEER
- C12C5/00—Other raw materials for the preparation of beer
- C12C5/004—Enzymes
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12C—BEER; PREPARATION OF BEER BY FERMENTATION; PREPARATION OF MALT FOR MAKING BEER; PREPARATION OF HOPS FOR MAKING BEER
- C12C7/00—Preparation of wort
- C12C7/04—Preparation or treatment of the mash
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12N—MICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
- C12N9/00—Enzymes; Proenzymes; Compositions thereof; Processes for preparing, activating, inhibiting, separating or purifying enzymes
- C12N9/14—Hydrolases (3)
- C12N9/24—Hydrolases (3) acting on glycosyl compounds (3.2)
- C12N9/2402—Hydrolases (3) acting on glycosyl compounds (3.2) hydrolysing O- and S- glycosyl compounds (3.2.1)
- C12N9/2405—Glucanases
- C12N9/2408—Glucanases acting on alpha -1,4-glucosidic bonds
- C12N9/2411—Amylases
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12N—MICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
- C12N9/00—Enzymes; Proenzymes; Compositions thereof; Processes for preparing, activating, inhibiting, separating or purifying enzymes
- C12N9/14—Hydrolases (3)
- C12N9/24—Hydrolases (3) acting on glycosyl compounds (3.2)
- C12N9/2402—Hydrolases (3) acting on glycosyl compounds (3.2) hydrolysing O- and S- glycosyl compounds (3.2.1)
- C12N9/2405—Glucanases
- C12N9/2408—Glucanases acting on alpha -1,4-glucosidic bonds
- C12N9/2411—Amylases
- C12N9/2414—Alpha-amylase (3.2.1.1.)
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12N—MICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
- C12N9/00—Enzymes; Proenzymes; Compositions thereof; Processes for preparing, activating, inhibiting, separating or purifying enzymes
- C12N9/14—Hydrolases (3)
- C12N9/24—Hydrolases (3) acting on glycosyl compounds (3.2)
- C12N9/2402—Hydrolases (3) acting on glycosyl compounds (3.2) hydrolysing O- and S- glycosyl compounds (3.2.1)
- C12N9/2405—Glucanases
- C12N9/2408—Glucanases acting on alpha -1,4-glucosidic bonds
- C12N9/2411—Amylases
- C12N9/2414—Alpha-amylase (3.2.1.1.)
- C12N9/2417—Alpha-amylase (3.2.1.1.) from microbiological source
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12N—MICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
- C12N9/00—Enzymes; Proenzymes; Compositions thereof; Processes for preparing, activating, inhibiting, separating or purifying enzymes
- C12N9/14—Hydrolases (3)
- C12N9/24—Hydrolases (3) acting on glycosyl compounds (3.2)
- C12N9/2402—Hydrolases (3) acting on glycosyl compounds (3.2) hydrolysing O- and S- glycosyl compounds (3.2.1)
- C12N9/2405—Glucanases
- C12N9/2408—Glucanases acting on alpha -1,4-glucosidic bonds
- C12N9/2411—Amylases
- C12N9/2414—Alpha-amylase (3.2.1.1.)
- C12N9/2417—Alpha-amylase (3.2.1.1.) from microbiological source
- C12N9/242—Fungal source
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12N—MICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
- C12N9/00—Enzymes; Proenzymes; Compositions thereof; Processes for preparing, activating, inhibiting, separating or purifying enzymes
- C12N9/14—Hydrolases (3)
- C12N9/24—Hydrolases (3) acting on glycosyl compounds (3.2)
- C12N9/2402—Hydrolases (3) acting on glycosyl compounds (3.2) hydrolysing O- and S- glycosyl compounds (3.2.1)
- C12N9/2405—Glucanases
- C12N9/2408—Glucanases acting on alpha -1,4-glucosidic bonds
- C12N9/2411—Amylases
- C12N9/2425—Beta-amylase (3.2.1.2)
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12N—MICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
- C12N9/00—Enzymes; Proenzymes; Compositions thereof; Processes for preparing, activating, inhibiting, separating or purifying enzymes
- C12N9/14—Hydrolases (3)
- C12N9/24—Hydrolases (3) acting on glycosyl compounds (3.2)
- C12N9/2402—Hydrolases (3) acting on glycosyl compounds (3.2) hydrolysing O- and S- glycosyl compounds (3.2.1)
- C12N9/2405—Glucanases
- C12N9/2408—Glucanases acting on alpha -1,4-glucosidic bonds
- C12N9/2411—Amylases
- C12N9/2428—Glucan 1,4-alpha-glucosidase (3.2.1.3), i.e. glucoamylase
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12P—FERMENTATION OR ENZYME-USING PROCESSES TO SYNTHESISE A DESIRED CHEMICAL COMPOUND OR COMPOSITION OR TO SEPARATE OPTICAL ISOMERS FROM A RACEMIC MIXTURE
- C12P19/00—Preparation of compounds containing saccharide radicals
- C12P19/02—Monosaccharides
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12P—FERMENTATION OR ENZYME-USING PROCESSES TO SYNTHESISE A DESIRED CHEMICAL COMPOUND OR COMPOSITION OR TO SEPARATE OPTICAL ISOMERS FROM A RACEMIC MIXTURE
- C12P19/00—Preparation of compounds containing saccharide radicals
- C12P19/14—Preparation of compounds containing saccharide radicals produced by the action of a carbohydrase (EC 3.2.x), e.g. by alpha-amylase, e.g. by cellulase, hemicellulase
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12P—FERMENTATION OR ENZYME-USING PROCESSES TO SYNTHESISE A DESIRED CHEMICAL COMPOUND OR COMPOSITION OR TO SEPARATE OPTICAL ISOMERS FROM A RACEMIC MIXTURE
- C12P7/00—Preparation of oxygen-containing organic compounds
- C12P7/02—Preparation of oxygen-containing organic compounds containing a hydroxy group
- C12P7/04—Preparation of oxygen-containing organic compounds containing a hydroxy group acyclic
- C12P7/06—Ethanol, i.e. non-beverage
- C12P7/08—Ethanol, i.e. non-beverage produced as by-product or from waste or cellulosic material substrate
- C12P7/10—Ethanol, i.e. non-beverage produced as by-product or from waste or cellulosic material substrate substrate containing cellulosic material
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12Y—ENZYMES
- C12Y302/00—Hydrolases acting on glycosyl compounds, i.e. glycosylases (3.2)
- C12Y302/01—Glycosidases, i.e. enzymes hydrolysing O- and S-glycosyl compounds (3.2.1)
- C12Y302/01001—Alpha-amylase (3.2.1.1)
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12Y—ENZYMES
- C12Y302/00—Hydrolases acting on glycosyl compounds, i.e. glycosylases (3.2)
- C12Y302/01—Glycosidases, i.e. enzymes hydrolysing O- and S-glycosyl compounds (3.2.1)
- C12Y302/01003—Glucan 1,4-alpha-glucosidase (3.2.1.3), i.e. glucoamylase
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E50/00—Technologies for the production of fuel of non-fossil origin
- Y02E50/10—Biofuels, e.g. bio-diesel
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Zoology (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Bioinformatics & Cheminformatics (AREA)
- Genetics & Genomics (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Biochemistry (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Biotechnology (AREA)
- Microbiology (AREA)
- Biomedical Technology (AREA)
- Molecular Biology (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Food Science & Technology (AREA)
- Mycology (AREA)
- Preparation Of Compounds By Using Micro-Organisms (AREA)
- Enzymes And Modification Thereof (AREA)
- Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
Abstract
本发明涉及从粒状淀粉制备酒精产品的方法,包括在低于所述粒状淀粉的初始凝胶化温度的高温进行预处理,然后同时糖化和发酵,和任选地回收乙醇。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及从粒状淀粉(granular starch)制备酒精产品的方法,包括在低于所述粒状淀粉的初始凝胶化温度(initial gelatinization temperature)的高温进行预处理,然后同时糖化和发酵。
背景技术
在谷物(grain)、谷类(cereal)或植物的块茎(tuber)中发现粒状淀粉。粒状淀粉为微观颗粒的形式,其在室温下不溶于水。当加热水性的淀粉浆体时,颗粒膨胀并最终爆裂,将淀粉分子分散在溶液中。在此“凝胶化(gelatinization)”过程中,粘度有显著地增加。因为在通常的工业方法中固体水平为30-40%,所以必须将淀粉变稀或“液化”以使其能够被处理。这种粘度的降低通常在被称为液化(liquefaction)的过程中通过酶降解完成。在液化过程中,长链的淀粉被alpha-淀粉酶降解为葡萄糖单元的较小的支链和直链(糊精)。
常规的酶法液化过程可作为三步热浆方法(three-step hot slurry process)进行。将浆体加热到80-85℃并加入热稳定性的alpha-淀粉酶以开始液化。然后将浆体在105-125℃的温度喷射烘焙(jet-cook)以完成浆体的凝胶化,冷却到60-95℃,及通常地加入附加的alpha-淀粉酶以终止水解。液化过程通常在pH5-6进行。磨碎并液化的完整谷物被称为麦芽浆()。
在糖化过程中,来自液化物的糊精进一步水解以产生能被酵母代谢的低分子量的糖类DP1-3。水解通常应用葡糖淀粉酶(glucoamylase)完成,可选择地或除葡糖淀粉酶之外,能够采用alpha-葡萄糖苷酶(alpha-glucosidase)和/或酸性alpha-淀粉酶(alpha-amylase)。全部糖化步骤通常持续至72小时,然而,一般只在高于50℃的温度进行例如90分钟的预-糖化(pre-saccharification),然后在被称为同时糖化发酵(SSF)的方法中进行发酵期间的完全糖化。
应用例如来自糖酵母属(Saccharomyces spp)的酵母加入麦芽浆进行发酵。当酒精产品为回收的乙醇,例如燃料(fuel)乙醇、饮用(potable)乙醇或工业乙醇(industrial ethanol)时,发酵在通常大约32℃的温度通常进行35-60小时。当酒精产品为啤酒时,发酵在通常大约14℃的温度通常进行直至8天。
发酵之后,麦芽浆可用作,例如啤酒,或者可进行蒸馏以回收乙醇。所述的乙醇可用作,例如燃料乙醇、饮用乙醇(drinking ethanol)和/或工业乙醇。
从上面讨论中显然,常规酒精产品生产方法中的淀粉水解,由于各个步骤中不同的温度要求,是非常消耗能量的。美国专利No.4,316,956提供用于粒状淀粉转化为乙醇的发酵方法。欧洲专利
EP0140410B2提供用于淀粉水解的酶组合物。本发明的目的是提供改进的方法,用于将粒状淀粉转化为酒精产品。
发明内容
本发明提供不将粒状淀粉预先凝胶化而从所述淀粉制备酒精产品的方法,因此,在第一个方面,本发明提供制备酒精产品的方法,包括以下连续的步骤:(a)提供包含水和粒状淀粉的浆体,(b)在酸性alpha-淀粉酶和葡糖淀粉酶存在的条件下,将所述浆体在比所述粒状淀粉的初始凝胶化温度低0℃至20℃的温度保持5分钟至12小时,(c)在酸性alpha-淀粉酶、葡糖淀粉酶和酵母存在的条件下,将所述的浆体在10℃-35℃的温度保持20至250小时以产生乙醇,和(d)任选地,回收乙醇。
尽管不限于任何一种操作的理论,认为本发明,尤其是步骤(b)导致封闭在植物细胞中的粒状淀粉的膨胀,因而造成细胞壁的破坏和淀粉颗粒释放,由此使淀粉颗粒更易进行进一步的水化(hydration)和酶的作用。当水化通过步骤(b)进行时,酸性alpha-淀粉酶将淀粉颗粒降解以产生糊精,所述糊精被葡糖淀粉酶降解为葡萄糖。此过程在步骤(c)的过程中继续,在所述步骤(c)中葡萄糖被酵母继续发酵变为乙醇,由此在整个发酵过程将可发酵的糖的浓度保持在相对低的浓度。不限于任何一种操作的理论,认为在发酵过程中由于存在低浓度的糖类,由于用于渗透调节(osmoregulation)的丙三醇需要有限,通过酵母制备的丙三醇减少。这样一来,本发明可用于制备酒精产品,所述酒精产品与常规方法相比具有降低的丙三醇和/或甲醇含量。
本发明提供了替换常规方法的能量消耗较少的方案,所述常规方法必须应用大量能量以使淀粉浆体凝胶化。本发明的其他优点包括,而不限于,在整个过程采用低pH的能力,这样就降低了不需要的微生物生长的风险,并降低或消除了使淀粉凝胶化的昂贵设备的需要,所述使淀粉凝胶化的昂贵设备如喷射装置(jetting installation)和蒸气动力厂设备(steam plant equipment)。
在第二个方面,本发明涉及包含酸性alpha-淀粉酶和葡糖淀粉酶的酶组合物,其中alpha-淀粉酶活性和葡糖淀粉酶活性的比例为0.30-5.00AFAU/AGU,其中存在附加的酶活性;所述的酶活性选自纤维素酶(cellulase)、木聚糖酶(xylanase)或植酸酶(phytase)。
在第三个方面,本发明涉及第二方面的酶组合物在酒精产品生产方法或淀粉水解方法中的用途。
在第四个方面,本发明涉及包含酸性alpha-淀粉酶和葡糖淀粉酶的酶组合物在酒精产品生产方法中的用途,其中所述alpha-淀粉酶活性和葡糖淀粉酶活性的比例为0.30-5.00 AFAU/AGU,所述的酒精产品生产方法包括粒状淀粉的水解。
在第六个方面,本发明涉及包括应用酸性alpha-淀粉酶的淀粉糖化方法(mashing process)。
发明详述
术语“酒精产品”指含有乙醇的产品,例如,燃料乙醇、饮用(potable)乙醇和工业乙醇。然而,酒精产品也可以为啤酒,所述啤酒可为任何类型的啤酒。优选的啤酒类型包括淡色啤酒(ales)、烈性黑啤酒(stouts)、黑啤酒(porters)、窖藏啤酒(lagers)、苦啤酒(bitters)、麦芽酒(malt liquors)、低麦芽啤酒(happoushu)、高醇啤酒(high-alcohol beer)、低醇啤酒(low-alcohol beer)、低热量啤酒(low-calorie beer)或轻淡啤酒(light beer)。
术语“粒状淀粉”指自然状态未经烹制的淀粉,即在谷类、块茎、谷物中发现的以天然形式存在的淀粉。淀粉作为不可溶于水的微小颗粒在植物细胞内形成。当将其置于冷水中时,淀粉颗粒可吸收少量的液体并膨胀。在温度高达50℃至75℃时,所述的膨胀是可逆的。然而,在更高的温度下,开始被称为凝胶化的不可逆膨胀。
术语“初始凝胶化温度”指淀粉的凝胶化开始发生的最低温度。在水中加热的淀粉在50℃-75℃开始凝胶化;凝胶化的准确温度依赖于具体的淀粉,并能够由本领域的技术人员容易地确定。这样,初始凝胶化温度可根据植物种类、植物种类的具体品种以及生长条件而变化。在本发明的上下文中,给出的淀粉的初始凝胶化温度是,应用Gorinstein.S.和Lii.C.,Starch/Strke,Vol.44(12)pp.461-466(1992)描述的方法,淀粉颗粒的双折射(birefringence)损失5%时的温度。
多肽“同源性”指两个氨基酸序列之间的同一性(identity)程度。同源性可通过本领域已知的计算机程序适合地确定,所述的计算机程序如GCG程序包中提供的GAP(Program Manual for the Wisconsin Package,Version 8,August1994,Genetics Computer Group,575 Science Drive,Madison,Wisconsin,USA53711)(Needleman,S.B.and Wunsch,C.D.,(1970),Journal of Molecular Biology,48,443-453)。在多肽序列比较中采用下列设置:GAP产生罚分3.0和GAP延伸罚分0.1。
术语“酸性alpha-淀粉酶”指一种以有效量加入的alpha-淀粉酶(E.C.3.2.1.1),其在3.0-7.0,优选3.5-6.0,或更优选4.0-5.0的pH范围内具有活性。任何适合的酸性alpha-淀粉酶可应用于本发明中。
在优选的实施方案中,所述酸性alpha-淀粉酶是酸性真菌alpha-淀粉酶或酸性细菌alpha-淀粉酶。优选地,酸性真菌alpha-淀粉酶从曲霉属的菌株中得到,优选黑曲霉的菌株或米曲霉的菌株。更优选地,所述的酸性alpha-淀粉酶与具有SEQ ID NO:1中所列出的氨基酸序列的酸性真菌alpha-淀粉酶具有至少70%的同源性,如至少80%或甚至至少90%的同源性,或与具有SWISPROT No:P10529中所示的氨基酸序列的酸性真菌alpha-淀粉酶具有至少70%的同源性,如至少80%或甚至至少90%的同源性。
最优选地,酸性alpha-淀粉酶是具有SEQ ID NO:1中所列出的氨基酸序列或其变体的酸性真菌alpha-淀粉酶,所述的变体与SEQ ID NO:1的氨基酸序列相比,具有一个或多个被缺失、取代和/或***的氨基酸残基;其变体具有alpha-淀粉酶活性。
本发明中应用的优选的酸性alpha-淀粉酶可源自地衣芽孢杆菌(B.licheniformis)、液化淀粉芽孢杆菌(B.amyloliquefaciens)和嗜热脂肪芽孢杆菌(B.stearothermophilus)的菌株。也优选其具有氨基酸序列的酸性alpha-淀粉酶,所述氨基酸序列与SEQ ID NO:2或SEQ ID NO:3中所列出的序列具有至少50%的同源性、优选至少60%、70%、80%、85%或至少90%,例如至少95%、97%、98%,或至少99%的同源性。优选地,本发明的方法中应用的酸性alpha-淀粉酶为WO96/23874、WO97/41213、WO99/19467中描述的酸性alpha-淀粉酶变体和杂交体,如与SEQ ID NO:2中列出的野生型氨基酸序列相比,具有如下突变delta(181-182)+N193F(也表示为I181*+G182*+N193F)的嗜热脂肪芽孢杆菌alpha-淀粉酶(BSG alpha-淀粉酶)变体。酸性细菌alpha-淀粉酶也可为杂交体alpha-淀粉酶,其包含在SEQ ID NO:3中列出的地衣芽孢杆菌alpha-淀粉酶的445个C-末端氨基酸残基和在SEQ ID NO:4中列出的源自液化淀粉芽孢杆菌alpha-淀粉酶的37个N-末端氨基酸残基,其进一步具有采用SEQ ID NO:3中编号方式(numbering)的取代G48A+T49I+G107A+H156Y+A181T+N190F+I201F+A209V+Q264S。也优选源自液化淀粉芽孢杆菌,并与SEQ ID NO:4中列出的序列具有至少50%同源性,如至少60%,至少70%,至少80%,或甚至至少90%同源性的酸性细菌alpha-淀粉酶变体。特别优选变体,其具有一个或多个突变H154Y、A181T、N190F、A209V、Q264S和/或第176和第179位之间两个残基的缺失,优选E178和G179的缺失。
优选的包含alpha-淀粉酶的商业组合物包括来自DSM的Mycolase(GistBrochades)、BANTM、TERMAMYLTM SC、FUNGAMYLTM、LIQUOZYMETMX和SANTM SUPER、SANTM EXTRAL(Novozymes A/S)和Clarase L-40,000、DEX-LOTM、Spezyme FRED、SPEZYMETM AA和SPEZYMETM DELTA AA(Genencor Int.)。
本发明的方法中应用的葡糖淀粉酶(E.C.3.2.1.3)可源自微生物或植物。优选来源于真菌的葡糖淀粉酶,如曲霉属葡糖淀粉酶,尤其是黑曲霉G1或G2葡糖淀粉酶(Boel et al.(1984),EMBO J.3(5),p 1097-1102)。也优选其变体,如在WO92/00381和WO00/04136中公开的;泡盛曲霉(A.awamori)葡糖淀粉酶(WO84/02921),米曲霉(Agric.Biol.Chem.(1991),55(4),p.941-949),或其变体或片段。优选的葡糖淀粉酶包括源自黑曲霉的葡糖淀粉酶,如与WO00/04136和SEQ ID NO:13中所列出的氨基酸序列具有50%、55%、60%、65%、70%、75%、80%、85%或甚至90%同源性的葡糖淀粉酶。也优选源自米曲霉的葡糖淀粉酶,如与WO00/04136和SEQ ID NO:2中所列出的氨基酸序列具有50%、55%、60%、65%、70%、75%、80%、85%或甚至90%同源性的葡糖淀粉酶。
其他优选的葡糖淀粉酶包括踝节菌(Talaromyces)葡糖淀粉酶,尤其是源自Talaromyces emersonii(WO99/28448)、Talaromyces leycettanus(美国专利no.Re.32,153)、Talaromyces duponti、嗜热踝节菌(Talaromyces thermophilus)(美国专利no.4,587,215),梭菌(Clostridium),具体源自C.thermoamylolyticum(EP135,138)和C.thermohydrosulfuricum(WO86/01831)。
商业上可得到的含有葡糖淀粉酶的组合物包括AMG 200L、AMG 300L、SANTM SUPER、SANTM EXTRA L和AMGTM E(来自Novozymes A/S);OPTIDEXTM 300(来自Genencor Int.);AMIGASETM和AMIGASETM PLUS(来自DSM);G-ZYMETM G900、G-ZYMETM和G990 ZR(来自Genencor Int.)。
本发明的方法中可应用的附加的酶包括木聚糖酶、纤维素酶和植酸酶。
本发明中应用的木聚糖酶可源自任意的适合的生物体,包括真菌生物体和细菌生物体,诸如曲霉属、Disporotrichum、青霉属(Penicillium)、脉孢菌属(Neurospora)、镰孢属(Fusarium)、木霉属(Trichoderma)。
优选的商业上可得到的含有木聚糖酶的制剂包括SHEARZYME、BIOFEED WHEAT、CELLUCLAST、ULTRAFLO、VISCOZYME(来自Novozymes A/S)和SPEZYMECP(来自Genencor Int.)。
纤维素酶活性(E.C.3.2.1.4)可为来源于微生物的纤维素酶,如源自丝状真菌(例如曲霉属、木霉属、腐质霉属(Humicola)、镰孢属)的菌株。
商业上可得到的含有纤维素酶的制剂包括CELLUCLAST、CELLUZYME、CEREFLO和ULTRAFLO(来自Novozymes A/S),LAMINEXTM和SPEZYMECP(来自Genencor Int.)和ROHAMENT7069W(来自Rhm GmbH)。
本发明中应用的植酸酶可为能够从植酸(phytic acid)(肌醇六磷酸(myo-inositol hexakisphosphate))或从任何它的盐(植酸盐(phytates))中的释放无机磷酸盐的任何酶。植酸酶可根据它们在初始水解步骤的特异性,即根据哪个磷酸酯基团先被水解而进行分类。本发明中应用的植酸酶可具有任何特异性,例如为3-植酸酶(E.C.3.1.3.8)、6-植酸酶(E.C.3.1.3.26)或5-植酸酶(无E.C.编号)。
本发明优选的商业上可得到的植酸酶包括BIO-FEED PHYTASETM、PHYTASETM、PHYTASE NOVOTM CT或L(Novozymes A/S),或NATUPHOSTMNG 5000(DSM)。
本方法应用的另一种酶可为脱支酶(debranching enzyme),如异淀粉酶(isoamylase(E.C.3.2.1.68))或支链淀粉酶(pullulanases(E.C.3.2.1.41))。异淀粉酶水解淀粉精(amylopectin)和beta-极限糊精(beta-limit dextrin)中的alpha-1,6-D-支链糖苷键(alpha-1,6-D-glucosidic branch linkage),并根据异淀粉酶无能力攻击支链淀粉(pullulan)及其对于alpha-极限糊精的有限作用而与支链淀粉酶相区别。脱支酶可以以本领域的技术人员所熟知的有效量加入。
在第一个方面的第一个优选的实施方案中,本发明提供了用于产生乙醇的方法,包括如下步骤:(a)提供包含水和粒状淀粉的浆体,(b)在酸性alpha-淀粉酶和葡糖淀粉酶存在的条件下,将所述的浆体在比所述粒状淀粉的初始凝胶化温度低0℃至20℃的温度保持5分钟至12小时,(c)在酸性alpha-淀粉酶、葡糖淀粉酶和酵母存在的条件下,将所述的浆体在30℃-35℃的温度保持20至200小时以产生乙醇和,(d)回收乙醇。步骤(a)、(b)、(c)和(d)按顺序进行,然而,此方法可包含未在本说明书中详述的附加步骤,所述附加步骤可在步骤(a)、(b)、(c)和(d)的任一步之前、之间或之后进行。
在第一个方面的第一个优选的实施方案中,步骤(c)的温度为28℃-36℃,优选29℃-35℃,更优选30℃-34℃,如大约32℃,并保持所述的浆体与酸性alpha-淀粉酶、葡糖淀粉酶和酵母接触一段足够的时间,以允许淀粉的水解和步骤(c)中释放的糖类的发酵,优选25-190小时的一段时间,优选30-180小时,更优选40-170小时,还更优选50-160小时,还更优选60-150小时,还更优选70-140小时,并最优选80-130小时,如85-110小时。
在第一个方面的第二个优选的实施方案中,本发明提供了制备啤酒的方法,包括如下步骤:(a)提供包含水和粒状淀粉的浆体,(b)在酸性alpha-淀粉酶和葡糖淀粉酶存在的条件下,将所述的浆体在比所述粒状淀粉的初始凝胶化温度低0℃至20℃的温度保持5分钟至12小时,(c)在酸性alpha-淀粉酶、葡糖淀粉酶和酵母存在的条件下,将所述的浆体在10℃-18℃的温度保持20至200小时以产生乙醇。步骤(a)、(b)和(c)按顺序进行,然而,此方法可包含未在本说明书中详述的附加步骤,所述附加步骤可在步骤(a)、(b)和(c)的任一步之前、之间或之后进行。
在第一个方面的第二个优选的实施方案中,步骤(c)的温度为10℃-18℃,优选11℃-17℃,更优选12℃-16℃,如13℃-15℃,例如大约14℃,并保持所述的浆体与酸性alpha-淀粉酶、葡糖淀粉酶和酵母接触一段足够的时间,以允许淀粉的水解和步骤(c)中释放的糖类的发酵,优选100-230小时的一段时间,优选150-210小时,更优选170-200小时。
优选以本发明的第二个方面的组合物的形式配制(dose)酶活性。
酸性alpha-淀粉酶优选酸性细菌alpha-淀粉酶和/或酸性真菌alpha-淀粉酶和/或源自细菌和/或真菌的酸性alpha-淀粉酶的变体。
酸性alpha-淀粉酶以有效量加入,所述有效量为酸性alpha-淀粉酶的浓度足够实现将淀粉中粒状淀粉转化为糊精的预期目的。优选地,酸性alpha-淀粉酶以10-10000 AFAU/kg DS的量存在,以50-2500 AFAU/kg DS的量,或更优选地以100-1000 AFAU/kg DS的量,如大约500 AFAU/kg DS。当以AAU单位测定时,酸性alpha-淀粉酶活性优选以5-500000 AAU/kg DS的量存在,以50-50000 AAU/kg DS的量,或更优选地以100-10000 AAU/kg DS的量,如500-1000 AAU/kg DS。
葡糖淀粉酶以有效量加入,所述有效量为葡糖淀粉酶的浓度足够实现其降解糊精的预期目的,所述糊精是淀粉浆体经酸性alpha-淀粉酶处理得到的。优选地,葡糖淀粉酶以20-2000 AGU/kg DS的量存在,优选100-1000AGU/kgDS,或更优选地以200-400 AGU/kg DS的量,如大约250 AGU/kg DS。当以AGI单位测定时,葡糖淀粉酶活性优选以10-100000 AGI/kg DS的量存在,50-50000 AGI/kg DS,优选100-10000 AGI/kgg DS,或更优选地以200-5000AGI/kg DS的量。
优选地,酸性alpha-淀粉酶和葡糖淀粉酶以0.3-5.0 AFAU/AGU的比例存在。更优选地,酸性alpha-淀粉酶活性和葡糖淀粉酶活性之间的比例为至少0.35,至少0.40,至少0.50,至少0.60,至少0.7,至少0.8,至少0.9,至少1.0,至少1.1,至少1.2,至少1.3,至少1.4,至少1.5,至少1.6,至少1.7,至少1.8,至少1.85,或至少1.9AFAU/AGU。然而,酸性alpha-淀粉酶活性和葡糖淀粉酶活性之间的比例应优选小于4.5,小于4.0,小于3.5,小于3.0,小于2.5,或甚至小于2.25 AFAU/AGU。以AUU/AGI表示时,酸性alpha-淀粉酶的活性和葡糖淀粉酶的活性优选以0.4-6.5 AUU/AGI的比例存在。更优选地,酸性alpha-淀粉酶活性和葡糖淀粉酶活性之间的比例为至少0.45,至少0.50,至少0.60,至少0.7,至少0.8,至少0.9,至少1.0,至少1.1,至少1.2,至少1.3,至少1.4,至少1.5,至少1.6,至少1.7,至少1.8,至少1.9,至少2.0,至少2.1,至少2.2,至少2.3,至少2.4,或甚至至少2.5 AUU/AGI。然而,酸性alpha-淀粉酶活性和葡糖淀粉酶活性之间的比例应优选小于6.0,小于5.5,小于4.5,小于4.0,小于3.5,或甚至小于3.0 AUU/AGI。
在本发明的第一个方面的优选的实施方案中,步骤(b)和/或步骤(c)在附加的酶活性存在的条件下进行,所述附加的酶活性选自木聚糖酶、纤维素酶或植酸酶。附加的酶优选与酸性alpha-淀粉酶和葡糖淀粉酶一起加入。木聚糖酶可以1-50000 FXU/kg DS的量加入,优选5-5000 FXU/kg DS,或更优选10-500 FXU/kg DS。纤维素酶可以0.01-500000 EGU/kg DS的量加入,优选0.1-10000 EGU/kg DS,优选1-5000 EGU/kg DS,更优选10-500 EGU/kg DS,而最优选100-250 EGU/kg DS。植酸酶的用量可在0.5-250000 FYT/kg DS的范围内,尤其是1-100000 FYT/kg DS,优选在5-25000 FYT/kg DS的范围内,优选10-10000 FYT/kg,如100-1000 FYT/kg DS。
在优选的实施方案中,淀粉浆体包含水和5-60%DS(干固体)粒状淀粉,优选10-50%DS粒状淀粉,更优选15-40%DS粒状淀粉,具体地大约20-25%DS粒状淀粉,在本发明的方法中待处理的粒状淀粉可具体地从块茎、根、茎、玉米穗轴(cobs)、豆类(legumes)、谷类或完整谷物中得到。更具体地,所述的粒状淀粉可从玉米(com)、玉米穗轴(cobs)、小麦(wheat)、大麦(barley)、黑麦(rye)、蜀黍(milo)、西米(sago)、木薯(cassava)、木薯淀粉(tapioca)、高粱(sorghum)、稻(rice)、豌豆(peas)、大豆(bean)、香蕉(banana)或马铃薯(potatoes)中得到。优选蜡质(waxy)和非蜡质(non-waxy)类型的玉米和大麦。待处理的粒状淀粉可优选包含磨碎的完整谷物或其可具有更精制的淀粉质量,优选大于90%、95%、97%或99.5%纯度的淀粉。优选磨碎含有淀粉的原料以打开其结构并允许进一步的处理。可采用干磨(dry milling)以及湿磨(wet milling)。采用湿磨时,可通过浸渍(soaking)或浸泡(steeping)的步骤进行。干磨和湿磨在制备酒精的技术领域中都是熟知的,并优选用于本发明的方法。在本发明的第一个方面的第二个实施方案中,其中酒精产品为啤酒,所述粒状淀粉可优选包含至少10%、20%、30%、40%、50%、60%、70%、80%或甚至至少90%源自麦芽谷类(malted cereals),例如大麦麦芽(barley malt)的粒状淀粉。
步骤(b)和/或步骤(c)中的pH优选在3.0-7.0的范围内,更优选3.5-6.0,或最优选4.0-5.0,如4.3-4.6。
将所述浆体与酸性alpha-淀粉酶和葡糖淀粉酶在低于初始凝胶化温度的高温保持一段有效的时间,以使淀粉颗粒容易受到酶降解(步骤b),优选5分钟-12小时的一段时间,优选10分钟-6小时,更优选15分钟-3小时,还更优选20分钟-1小时,如30分钟-1小时,40-70分钟,甚至50-60分钟。步骤(b)中的温度总是应调至低于具体的待处理的粒状淀粉的初始凝胶化温度,并通常为45℃-75℃。根据本发明,步骤(b)在比具体的待处理的淀粉的初始凝胶化温度低0℃-20℃的温度进行,优选0℃-15℃,更优选0℃-10℃,或更优选0℃-5℃。实际温度可为45℃-75℃,但优选55℃-65℃。优选地,步骤(b)进行的温度为至少45℃、46℃、47℃、48℃、49℃、50℃、51℃、52℃、53℃、54℃、55℃、56℃、57℃、58℃或优选至少55℃,而温度优选地不高于74℃、73℃、72℃、71℃、70℃、69℃、68℃、67℃、66℃、65℃、64℃、63℃或优选不高于62℃。
经过本发明的第一个方面的过程之后,至少85%、86%、87%、88%、89%、90%、91%、92%、93%、94%、95%、96%、97%、98%或优选99%的粒状淀粉的干固体被转化为乙醇。
乙醇可以任选进行回收。乙醇回收可通过任何常规方式,例如蒸馏进行,并用作燃料乙醇、饮用乙醇和/或工业乙醇。
在具体优选的实施方案中,待处理的粒状淀粉源自干磨或湿磨的谷类,如小麦、大麦、黑麦和/或玉米,所述的淀粉浆体具有20%-40%的DS,步骤(b)中的温度为50℃-60℃,如55℃,步骤(b)的持续时间为30分钟-75分钟,如60分钟,而步骤(c)进行60-90小时。酸性alpha-淀粉酶的用量为300-700AFAU/kg DS,如500 AFAU/kg DS,而葡糖淀粉酶的用量为100-500 AGU/kgDS,如250 AGU/kg DS,酸性alpha-淀粉酶与葡糖淀粉酶的比例为1.0-3.0AFAU/AGU或优选1.5-2.5 AFAU/AGU,如大约2.0 AFAU/AGU。以AAU/AGI表示的酸性alpha-淀粉酶与葡糖淀粉酶的比例为1.3-4.0 AAU/AGI或优选2.0-2.3 AAU/AGI,如大约2.7 AAU/AGI。
在第二个方面,本发明提供了可用于任何方法,包括本发明的第一方面的方法的酶组合物,所述的酶组合物具有酸性alpha-淀粉酶活性与葡糖淀粉酶活性之间的比例为至少0.35,至少0.40,至少0.50,至少0.60,至少0.70,至少0.80,至少0.90,至少1.00,至少1.20,至少1.30,至少1.40,至少1.50,至少1.60,至少1.70,至少1.80或甚至至少1.85 AFAU/AGU。优选地,所述的酶组合物具有酸性alpha-淀粉酶活性与葡糖淀粉酶活性之间的比例为小于5.00、小于4.50,小于4.00,小于3.00,小于2.50,或甚至小于2.25 AFAU/AGU。以AAU/AGI测定所述酶组合物中的酸性alpha-淀粉酶与葡糖淀粉酶的比例为至少0.45,至少0.50,至少0.60,至少0.70,至少0.80,至少0.90,至少1.00,至少1.20,至少1.30,至少1.40,至少1.50,至少1.60,至少1.70,至少1.80,至少1.90,至少2.00,至少2.10,至少2.20,至少2.30,至少2.40或甚至至少2.50 AAU/AGI。优选地,所述的酶组合物具有的酸性alpha-淀粉酶活性与葡糖淀粉酶活性之间的比例为小于6.50、小于5.00,小于4.50,小于4.00或甚至小于3.50 AAU/AGI。
在优选的实施方案中,本发明的第二个方面的组合物进一步包含附加的酶活性的存在,所述的酶活性选自纤维素酶、木聚糖酶或植酸酶。
其它应用
在本发明的第六个方面中,将酸性alpha-淀粉酶,如源自真菌,优选曲霉属,优选来自黑曲霉菌种,并最优选与SEQ ID No:1中所列出的序列具有至少50%,至少60%,至少70%,至少80%或甚至至少90%同源性的酸性alpha-淀粉酶,用于酿造(brewing)过程。
酿造过程是本技术领域所熟知的,并通常包括麦芽制造(malting)、淀粉糖化(mashing)和发酵的步骤。在传统的酿造过程中,麦芽制造达到将不可溶淀粉转化为可溶淀粉、减少复杂蛋白质、生成颜色和味道化合物,产生用于酵母发育的营养物及酶的开发的目的。麦芽制造过程的三个主要步骤为浸泡(steeping)、发芽(germination)和烘干(kilning)。
浸泡包括将大麦核(barley kernels)与水混合以提升水分含量(moisturelevel)并激活休眠的内核的新陈代谢过程。在下一步中,将湿的大麦保持在适合的温度和湿度水平进行发芽,直到完成充分的变性(modification),即,诸如降解淀粉和激活酶。最后一步为将绿麦芽在干燥炉(kiln)中干燥。
淀粉糖化是将来自磨碎的大麦麦芽和固体附属物的淀粉,转化为可发酵的和不可发酵的糖类,以产生所需要的组合物的麦芽汁的过程。传统的淀粉糖化包括将磨碎的大麦麦芽及附属物与水在设定的温度和体积混合以使在麦芽制造过程中开始的生物化学变化得以继续。淀粉糖化过程在不同的温度下进行一段时间以激活负责降解蛋白质和碳水化合物的内源酶。至此,淀粉糖化中带来的最重要的变化是淀粉分子向可发酵的糖类的转化。在传统的淀粉糖化过程中,负责转化淀粉的主要的酶是alpha-和beta-淀粉酶。alpha-淀粉酶非常快地通过将淀粉分子***成许多能被beta-淀粉酶攻击的更短的链而降解不可溶的淀粉和可溶的淀粉。产生的二糖为麦芽糖。
今天,双-麦芽浆注入***(double-mash infusion system)是工业制备啤酒,尤其是窖藏型啤酒(lager type beer)的最广泛应用的***。此***分别制备两份麦芽浆。其采用谷类蒸煮器(cereal cooker)煮沸附属物并采用糖化桶(mash tun)用于充分变性的高酶活性麦芽。由于传统淀粉糖化过程采用大麦麦芽的内源酶,所以温度保持低于70℃,否则就会发生酶的失活。
淀粉糖化之后,当所有的淀粉已经被分解,就必须将液体提取物(麦芽汁)从固体物(酒糟)中分离出来。麦芽汁分离是重要的,因为固体物含有大量蛋白、变性不足的淀粉、脂肪物质、硅酸盐(silicates)和多酚(polyphenols)(鞣酸(tannins))。麦芽汁分离的目的包括如下:
·产生澄清的麦芽汁(wort),
·得到良好的提取物回收率,和
·在可接受的循环时间内操作。
谷粉(grist)例如大麦麦芽的标准、附属物的类型以及所应用的淀粉糖化步骤,极大地影响了麦芽汁澄清度、提取物回收率和总循环时间。
将麦芽汁从酒糟(spent grains)中分离之后,所述的麦芽汁可用啤酒酵母(brewers yeast)发酵以产生啤酒。
常规的酿造过程的进一步信息可在Research and Teaching Institute ofBrewing,Berlin(VLB)的Wolfgang Kunze的“Technology Brewing andMalting”,2nd revised Edition 1999,ISBN 3-921690-39-0中找到。
酸性alpha-淀粉酶,如源自真菌,优选曲霉属,优选来自黑曲霉菌种,并最优选与SEQ ID No:1中所列出的序列具有至少50%,至少60%,至少70%,至少80%或甚至至少90%同源性的酸性alpha-淀粉酶,可作为酶的添加剂应用在任何酿造过程中,所述的酶包含在发芽的和/或不发芽的谷物中,或者包含在高温淀粉糖化(HTM)过程中,如在WO2004-011591中所公开的。
在HTM过程中,在初始淀粉糖化阶段应用的温度状况确保大麦麦芽和附属物的各种内源酶的活性得到显著地减少或甚至消除。此高温过程优选包括,形成包含5%-100%的大麦麦芽的麦芽浆,在形成麦芽浆之前、过程中或之后,加入淀粉糖化酶组合物,在形成麦芽浆的15分钟内达到至少70℃的初始温育温度(initial incubation temperature),然后将麦芽浆在至少70℃的温度温育一段时间,并将麦芽汁与酒糟分离。优选地,淀粉糖化时间足够达到至少80%的提取物回收率。术语“初始温育温度”理解为所述的温育起始部分过程中的温度状况(temperature regime)。
因此,在70℃-78℃区间的温度下,只有大麦麦芽alpha-和beta-淀粉酶会显示显著的活性,并且在高于78℃的温度下,内源酶活性可以忽略。在这样的淀粉糖化过程中,加入的淀粉糖化酶从而就构成了酶活性的非常主要的部分或者全部。根据本发明的第六个方面的一个实施方案,用于进行淀粉糖化过程所需要的酶活性是内源提供的,并在形成麦芽浆之前添加到麦芽浆成分,例如水或的粗谷粉中,或者其可在形成麦芽浆的过程中或之后加入。优选将所述的酶在过程的开始一次全部供给,然而,一种或多种酶可在本发明的第六个方面的过程之前、一开始或者过程中一次或多次供给。除了酸性alpha-淀粉酶(E.C.3.2.1.1)之外,加入的酶活性可包含一种或一种以上下列活性:蛋白酶(E.C.3.4)、纤维素酶(E.C.3.2.1.4)和麦芽糖产生酶。麦芽糖产生酶优选为beta-淀粉酶(E.C.3.2.1.2)或甚至更优选产麦芽糖alpha-淀粉酶(maltogenicalpha-amylase)(E.C.3.2.1.133)。
在又一优选的实施方案中,添加了其他的酶,所述的酶选自漆酶(laccase)、脂肪酶(lipase)、葡糖淀粉酶(glucoamylase)、磷酸脂肪酶(phospholipolase)、植酸酶(phytase)、植酸钙镁(phytin)、酯酶(esterase)、支链淀粉酶(pullulanase)和木聚糖酶(xylanase)。
根据本发明的第六个方面,含有浆体的淀粉,麦芽浆,通过将包含至少5%,或优选至少10%,或更优选至少15%,还更优选至少25%,或最优选至少35%,如至少50%,至少75%,至少90%或甚至100%(谷粉的w/w)大麦麦芽的谷粉与水混合得到。优选至少5%,优选至少10%,更优选至少20%,还更优选至少50%,至少75%,或甚至100%的大麦麦芽是充分变性的大麦麦芽。在一个实施方案中,谷粉包含除大麦麦芽之外的其他发芽的谷物,所以,至少10%,至少25%,优选至少35%,更优选至少50%,还更优选至少75%,最优选至少90%(w/w)的谷粉是除大麦麦芽之外的其他发芽的谷物。
形成麦芽浆之前,发芽的和/或不发芽的谷物优选磨碎的,并最优选干磨的。在优选的实施方案中,应用的发芽的和/或不发芽的谷物为无壳(huskfree)(或无外壳(hull free))型的或者将壳在麦芽浆形成之前从发芽的和/或不发芽的谷物中去除。优选应用壳的去除,其中淀粉糖化程序包括75℃以上的温度,诸如在76℃、77℃、78℃、79℃、80℃、81℃、82℃、83℃、84℃、85℃或甚至86℃以上的温度。
优选水在加到谷粉之前预热,为了使麦芽浆在麦芽浆形成的时刻就达到初始温育温度。如果形成的麦芽浆的温度低于初始温育温度,优选供给额外的热量以达到初始温育温度。初始温育温度优选在麦芽浆形成之后的15分钟内达到,或更优选在10分钟内,诸如在9、8、7、6、5、4、3、2分钟内或还更优选在1分钟内达到,或者最优选地,初始温育温度在麦芽浆形成时达到。
初始温育温度优选至少70℃,优选至少71℃,更优选至少72℃,还更优选至少73℃,或最优选至少74℃,如至少75℃,至少76℃,至少77℃,至少78℃,至少79℃,至少80℃,至少81℃,如至少82℃。本发明的第六方面的淀粉糖化过程的优选的实施例,包括在至少70℃的初始温育温度温育麦芽浆并至少70℃的温度,优选至少71℃,更优选至少72℃,还更优选至少73℃,或最优选至少74℃,如至少75℃,至少76℃,至少77℃,至少78℃,至少79℃,至少80℃,至少81℃,至少82℃,至少83℃,至少84℃,或至少85℃,即,在温育期的持续时间不低于70℃的温度。在温育期过程中,温度优选保持在低于100℃,如低于99℃、98℃、97℃、96℃、95℃、94℃、93℃、92℃、91℃或甚至低于90℃。
本发明的第六方面的淀粉糖化过程中,温育期间可将温度保持恒定,或者,在温育的第一部分温度基本恒定的一段时间之后,温育过程中温度可上升,或者缓慢地持续地增加,或者为一个或多个阶跃增加。可替换地,在温育过程中温度可降低。在一个实施方案中,初始温育温度为至少70℃,而在温育过程中,温度升高至少1℃、2℃、3℃、4℃、5℃、6℃、7℃、8℃、9℃或优选至少10℃,或更优选至少12℃,如15℃。在另一个实施方案中,初始温育温度为至少75℃,或优选至少80℃,而在温育过程中,温度降低至少5℃,或优选至少1℃、2℃、3℃、4℃、5℃、6℃、7℃、8℃、9℃或优选至少10℃,或更优选至少15℃。在一个具体的实施方案中,温育包含将麦芽浆在至少75℃,优选至少76℃,更优选至少77℃,还更优选至少78℃,如至少79℃,至少80℃,至少81℃、82℃、83℃、84℃、85℃、86℃、87℃、88℃、89℃或至少90℃的温度保持至少1分钟,优选至少5分钟,更优选至少15分钟,还更优选至少20分钟,如至少30分钟,至少40分钟,至少50分钟,至少60分钟,至少90分钟或至少120分钟。在另一个具体的实施方案中,温育包含将麦芽浆在至少75℃,优选至少76℃,更优选至少77℃,还更优选至少78℃,如至少79℃,至少80℃,如至少81℃、82℃、83℃、84℃、85℃、86℃、87℃、88℃、89℃或至少90℃的温度保持至少1%的总温育时间,优选至少5%,更优选至少15%,还更优选至少20%,如至少30%,至少40%,至少50%,至少60%,至少70%,至少80%,至少90%,如至少100%的总温育时间。温育持续时间优选至少15分钟,通常30分钟-2小时,例如,45分钟,至少1小时,至少1小时,至少1小时,至少13/4小时或至少2小时。
本发明的第六方面的淀粉糖化过程中,谷粉除大麦麦芽外可优选包含附属物,诸如不发芽的大麦,或其他发芽的或不发芽的谷物,诸如小麦、黑麦、燕麦、玉米、稻、蜀黍、小米(millet)和/或高粱或未加工的和/或精制的淀粉和/或含有源自植物,如小麦、黑麦、燕麦、玉米、稻、蜀黍、小米、高粱、马铃薯、红薯(sweet potato)、木薯、木薯淀粉、西米、香蕉、糖甜菜(sugar beet)和/或糖甘蔗(sugar cane)的物质的糖。本发明附属物可从块茎、根、茎、叶、豆类(legumes)、谷类和/或完整谷物中得到。优选地,加入本发明的第六方面的麦芽浆的附属物具有处于或低于处理温度的凝胶化温度。如果附属物,如稻或玉米,或其他具有相似的高凝胶化温度的附属物在本发明的第六方面的过程中应用,那么可优选将它们分别烘焙以确保在加入本发明的第六方面的麦芽浆之前凝胶化,或者将凝胶化的附属物淀粉与麦芽浆分别捣碎,加入合适的酶以确保在加入麦芽浆之前糖化,酿造附属物的凝胶化和糖化的方法是本领域熟知的。包含易于发酵的碳水化合物如糖或糖浆的附属物可在本发明的第六方面的淀粉糖化过程之前、过程中或之后加入大麦麦芽麦芽浆,但优选在淀粉糖化过程之后加入。优选地,附属物的一部分在加入本发明的第六方面的麦芽浆之前,以蛋白酶和/或beta-葡聚糖酶处理。在淀粉糖化过程中,从谷粉中提取的淀粉逐渐地水解为可发酵的糖和更小的糊精。优选地,所述的麦芽浆在提取麦芽汁之前对于碘试验是淀粉阴性的。
本发明的第六方面的淀粉糖化步骤之后,从麦芽浆中得到麦芽汁通常包括从酒糟,即不可溶的谷粒和形成谷粉的部分的壳物质中精滤麦芽汁,可将热水穿过酒糟以清洗或喷射任何残余的来自谷粉的提取物。
在一个实施方案中,其中所述的壳从包含在谷粉中的发芽的和/或不发芽的谷物中去除,麦芽汁分离可包括离心步骤。
通过本发明的第六方面的淀粉糖化过程产生的麦芽汁可发酵以产生啤酒。麦芽汁的发酵可包括以含有新鲜酵母,即先前未曾用于本发明的酵母或其可为回收的酵母的酵母浆投入麦芽汁。应用的酵母可为适于啤酒酿造的任何酵母,特别是选自酵母菌(Saccharomyces spp.)的酵母,诸如啤酒酵母(S.cerevisiae)和葡萄汁酵母(Saccharomyces uvarum),包括天然或人工产生的这些生物体的变体。用于产生啤酒的麦芽汁的发酵方法对于本领域的技术人员是熟知的。
优选的啤酒类型包括淡色啤酒、烈性淡色啤酒(strong ales)、烈性黑啤酒、黑啤酒、窖藏啤酒、苦啤酒、出口啤酒(export beers)、麦芽酒、happoushu、高醇啤酒、低醇啤酒、低热量啤酒或轻淡啤酒。
本发明的第六方面中应用的酶应根据它们在高温,如过程的加工温度保留足够的活性的能力,以及它们在麦芽浆的中等酸度pH条件下保留足够的活性的能力进行选择,并应以有效量加入。所述的酶可源自任何来源,优选来自植物或藻类(algae),并更优选来自微生物,如来自细菌或真菌。
适合的蛋白酶包括微生物蛋白酶,如真菌的和微生物的蛋白酶。优选的蛋白酶是酸性的蛋白酶,即,以在低于pH 7酸性条件下水解蛋白的能力为特征的蛋白酶。
涉及的酸性真菌蛋白酶包括源自曲霉属(Aspergillus)、毛霉属(Mucor)、根霉属(Rhizopus)、念珠菌属(Candida)、采绒革盖菌属(Coriolus)、Endothia、Enthomophtra、耙形担子菌属(Irpex)、青霉属(Penicillium)、菌核(Sclerotium)和球拟酵母属(Torulopsis)的真菌蛋白酶。具体地,预期的是源自黑曲霉(Aspergillus niger)(参见,例如,Koaze et al.,(1964),Agr.Biol.Chem.Japan,28,216)、斋藤曲霉(Aspergillus saitoi)(参见,例如,Yoshida,(1954)J.Agr.Chem.Soc.Japan,28,66)、泡盛曲霉(Aspergillus awamori)(Hayashida,et al.,(1977)Agric.Biol.Chem.,42(5),927-933)、棘孢曲霉(Aspergillus aculeatus)(WO 95/02044)或米曲霉(Aspergillus oryzae)的蛋白酶,如pepA蛋白酶;和来自微小毛霉(Mucorpusillus)或米黑毛霉(Mucor miehei)的酸性蛋白酶。
中性或碱性蛋白酶,如源自芽孢杆菌菌株的蛋白酶也是预期的。本发明预期的具体的蛋白酶源自液化淀粉芽孢杆菌(Bacillus amyloliquefaciens)并具有在
Swissprot以Accession No.P06832(SEQ ID NO 5)可得到的序列。与在Swissprot以Accession No.P06832(SEQ ID NO 5)可得到的氨基酸序列具有至少90%,如至少92%,至少95%,至少96%,至少97%,至少98%,或具体至少99%同源性的蛋白酶也是预期的。
进一步预期的是与在丹麦专利申请PA 2001 01821和PA 2002 00005中作为SEQ ID NO:1公开的氨基酸序列具有至少90%,如至少92%,至少95%,至少96%,至少97%,至少98%,或具体至少99%同源性的蛋白酶。
木瓜蛋白酶-样蛋白酶(papain-like protease),如E.C.3.4.22.*(半胱氨酸蛋白酶)的蛋白酶,如E.C.3.4.22.2(木瓜蛋白酶),E.C.3.4.22.6(木瓜凝乳蛋白酶(chymopapain)),E.C.3.4.22.7(萝蘼蛋白酶(asclepain)),E.C.3.4.22.14(actinidain),E.C.3.4.22.15(组织蛋白酶L(cathepsin L)),E.C.3.4.22.25(甘氨酰内肽酶(glycyl endopeptidase))和E.C.3.4.22.30(caricain)。
蛋白酶可以0.1-1000 AU/kg dm的量加入,优选1-100 AU/kg dm并最优选5-25 AU/kg dm。
纤维素酶(E.C.3.2.1.4)可为微生物来源的,如源自丝状真菌(filamentousfungus)的菌株(例如,曲霉属、木霉属、腐质霉属、镰孢属)。纤维素酶的具体实例包括从H.insolens可得到并进一步由WO91/17244中图14的氨基酸序列和WO91/17243中描述的43kD H.insolens内切葡聚糖酶(endoglucanase)限定的内切葡聚糖酶(内切葡聚糖酶I)。
本发明的第六方面中应用的具体的纤维素酶可为内切葡聚糖酶,如内切-1,4-beta-葡聚糖酶。预期的beta-葡聚糖酶与在丹麦专利申请PA 2002 00130中作为SEQ ID NO:1公开的氨基酸序列具有至少90%,如至少92%,至少95%,至少96%,至少97%,至少98%,或具体至少99%同源性。
商业上可得到的其可以应用的纤维素酶制备物包括,CELLUCLAST、CELLUZYME、CEREFLO和ULTRAFLO(可从Novozymes A/S得到),LAMINEXTM和SPEZYMECP(可从Genencor Int.得到)和ROHAMENT7069W(可从Rhm,Germany得到)。
beta-葡聚糖酶可以1.0-10000 BGU/kg dm的量加入,优选10-5000 BGU/kgdm并最优选100-500 BGU/kg dm。
本发明的第六方面的方法中应用的具体的alpha-淀粉酶(EC 3.2.1.1)可为任意的真菌alpha-淀粉酶,优选酸性alpha-淀粉酶。所述的酸性alpha-淀粉酶优选源自曲霉属的真菌,优选来自黑曲霉菌种,并最优选与SEQ ID NO:1中显示的序列具有至少50%,至少60%,至少70%,至少80%或甚至至少90%同源性的应用于酿造过程中。真菌alpha-淀粉酶可以1-1000 AFAU/kg DM的量加入,优选2-500 AFAU/kg DM,优选20-100.AFAU/kg DM。
本发明的第六方面的方法中应用的另一种酸性alpha-淀粉酶可为芽孢杆菌alpha-淀粉酶。熟知的芽孢杆菌alpha-淀粉酶包括源自地衣芽孢杆菌、液化淀粉芽孢杆菌和嗜热脂肪芽孢杆菌的菌株的alpha-淀粉酶。其他的芽孢杆菌alpha-淀粉酶包括源自芽孢杆菌sp.NCIB 12289、NCIB 12512、NCIB 12513或DSM 9375的菌株的alpha-淀粉酶,所述的菌株其全部在
WO95/26397中详细描述,且所述的alpha-淀粉酶由Tsukamoto et al.,Biochemical and BiophysicalResearch Communications,151(1988),pp.25-31描述。在本发明的上下文中,预期的芽孢杆菌alpha-淀粉酶是如在
WO99/19467第三页第18行至第六页第27行中定义的alpha-淀粉酶。优选的alpha-淀粉酶与
WO99/19467中的SEQ IDNO:4具有至少92%,至少95%,至少96%,至少97%,至少98%,或具体至少99%同源性。产麦芽糖alpha-淀粉酶的最优选的变体包含在
WO99/43794中公开的变体。预期的变体和杂交体在
WO96/23874、
WO97/41213和WO99/19467中描述。具体预期的是重组嗜热脂肪芽孢杆菌alpha-淀粉酶变体具有突变I181*+G182*+N193F。芽孢杆菌alpha-淀粉酶可以以1.0-1000NU/kg dm的量加入,优选2.0-500 NU/kg dm,优选10-200 NU/kg dm。
产麦芽糖alpha-淀粉酶
本发明的第六方面的方法中应用的具体的酶是产麦芽糖alpha-淀粉酶(E.C.3.2.1.133)。产麦芽糖alpha-淀粉酶(葡聚糖1,4-alpha-麦芽糖水解酶(glucan1,4-alpha-maltohydrolase))能够将直链淀粉(amylose)和支链淀粉(amylopectin)水解为alpha-构型的麦芽糖。此外,产麦芽糖alpha-淀粉酶水解麦芽三糖(maltotriose)以及环糊精(cyclodextrin)。具体预期的产麦芽糖alpha-淀粉酶可源自芽孢杆菌菌种,优选来自嗜热脂肪芽孢杆菌,最优选来自嗜热脂肪芽孢杆菌C599,如在
EP 120.693中描述的。该具体的产麦芽糖alpha-淀粉酶具有如在US 6,162,628中SEQ ID NO:1的氨基酸1-686所示的氨基酸序列。优选的产麦芽糖alpha-淀粉酶与
US 6,162,628中SEQ ID NO:1的氨基酸1-686具有至少90%,优选至少92%,至少95%,至少96%,至少97%,至少98%,或具体至少99%同源性。产麦芽糖alpha-淀粉酶的最优选的变体包含在WO99/43794中公开的变体。
产麦芽糖alpha-淀粉酶可以0.1-1000 MANU/kg dm的量加入,优选1-100MANU/kg dm,优选5-25 MANU/kg dm。
本发明的第六方面的方法中应用的另一种具体的酶可为beta-淀粉酶(E.C3.2.1.2)。
beta-淀粉酶已经从多种植物和微生物中分离(W.M.Fogarty and C.T.Kelly,Progress in Industrial Microbiology,vol.15,pp.112-115,1979)。这些beta-淀粉酶以具有在40℃-65℃范围内的最适温度和在4.5-7.0范围内的最适pH为特征。具体涉及的beta-淀粉酶包括beta-淀粉酶SPEZYMEBBA 1500、SPEZYMEDBA和来自Genencor Int.的OPTIMALTTM ME、OPTIMALTTMBBA以及来自Novozymes A/S的beta-淀粉酶NOVOZYMTM WBA。beta-淀粉酶可以本领域的技术人员熟知的有效量加入。
本发明的第六方面的方法中应用的另外的具体的酶可为源自微生物或植物的葡糖淀粉酶(glucoamylase)(E.C.3.2.1.3)。优选真菌或细菌来源的葡糖淀粉酶选自曲霉属葡糖淀粉酶,具体为黑曲霉菌G1或G2葡糖淀粉酶(Boel et al.,(1984),EMBO J.3(5),p.1097-1102),或其变体,如在WO92/00381和WO00/04136中所公开的;米曲霉菌(Agric.Biol.Chem.(1991),55(4),p.941-949),或其片段或变体。葡糖淀粉酶可以本领域的技术人员熟知的有效量加入。
本发明的第六方面的方法中的另一种酶可为脱支酶(debranchingenzyme),如异淀粉酶(isoamylase)(E.C.3.2.1.68)或支链淀粉酶(pullulanases)(E.C.3.2.1.41)。异淀粉酶水解支链淀粉和beta-极限糊精中的alpha-1,6-D-支链糖苷键,并可通过异淀粉酶不能攻击支链淀粉,及通过对于alpha-极限糊精的有限作用与支链淀粉酶相区别。脱支酶可以本领域的技术人员熟知的有效量加入。
材料和方法
alpha-淀粉酶活性(KNU)可应用马铃薯淀粉作为底物测定。此方法是基于用酶破坏变性的马铃薯淀粉,然后是将淀粉/酶溶液的样品与碘溶液混合的反应。起初,形成蓝黑色,但是在破坏淀粉的过程中,蓝色变弱而且逐渐变为棕红色,其与有色玻璃标准物相比。
将1 Kilo Novo alpha淀粉酶单位(KNU)作为酶量的定义,其在标准条件下(即,在37℃+/-0.05;0.0003 M Ca2+;和pH5.6)将5260mg淀粉干底物MerckAmylum solubile转化成糊精。
更详细地描述此分析方法的文件夹
EB-SM-0009.02/01可向NovozymesA/S,Denmark要求得到,其文件夹在此包括作为参考。
酸性alpha-淀粉酶活性
当根据本发明应用时,任何酸性alpha-淀粉酶活性可以以AFAU(酸性真菌alpha-淀粉酶单位)测定。可替换地,酸性alpha-淀粉酶活性可以以AAU(酸性alpha-淀粉酶单位)测定。
酸性alpha-淀粉酶单位(AAU)
酸性alpha-淀粉酶活性可以AAU(酸性alpha-淀粉酶单位)测定,其为绝对法。一个酸性alpha-淀粉酶单位(AAU)为每小时在标准条件下将1g淀粉(100%的干物质)转化为产物,所述产物在与已知强度的与颜色参比一致的碘溶液反应之后在620nm具有透射(transmission)。
标准条件/反应条件:
底物: 可溶性淀粉,浓度大约20g DS/L
缓冲液: 柠檬酸盐,大约0.13M,pH=4.2
碘溶液: 40.176g碘化钾+0.088g碘/L
自来水: 15°-20°dH(German degree hardenss)
pH: 4.2
温育温度: 30℃
反应时间: 11分钟
波长: 620nm
酶浓度: 0.13-0.19AAU/mL
酶工作范围: 0.13-0.19AAU/mL
淀粉应为Lintner淀粉,它是作为比色的指示剂应用于实验室的稀糊淀粉(thin-boiling starch)。Lintner淀粉是天然淀粉通过稀盐酸(dilute hydrochloricacid)处理得到,以使其保持与碘变蓝色的能力。进一步的详述可在EP0140410B2中找到,其公开在此包括作为参考。
酸性alpha-淀粉酶活性(AFAU)
酸性alpha-淀粉酶活性可以AFAU(酸性真菌alpha-淀粉酶单位)测定,其是相对于酶标准物测定的。1AFAU定义为每小时在下述标准条件下降解5.260mg淀粉干物质的酶量。
酸性alpha-淀粉酶,内-alpha-淀粉酶(1,4-alpha-D-葡聚糖-葡聚糖水解酶,E.C.3.2.1.1)水解淀粉分子内部区域的alpha-1,4-糖苷键以形成具有不同链长度的糊精和寡糖。与碘形成的颜色的强度直接与淀粉的浓度成正比。淀粉酶活性应用具体的分析条件下淀粉浓度的降低的反向比色法测定。
λ=590nm
蓝/紫 t=23秒 脱色
标准条件/反应条件:
底物: 可溶性淀粉,大约0.17g/L
缓冲液: 柠檬酸盐,大约0.03M
碘(I2): 0.03g/L
CaCl2: 1.85mM
pH: 2.50±0.05
温育温度: 40℃
反应时间: 23秒
波长: 590nm
酶浓度: 0.025AFAU/mL
酶工作范围: 0.01-0.04AFAU/mL
更详细地描述此分析方法的文件夹
EB-SM-0259.02/01可向NovozymesA/S,Denmark要求得到,其文件夹在此包括作为参考。
葡糖淀粉酶活性
葡糖淀粉酶活性以AGI单位或以淀粉葡萄糖苷酶(amyloglucosidase)单位(AGU)测定。
葡糖淀粉酶活性(AGI)
葡糖淀粉酶(相当于淀粉葡萄糖苷酶)将淀粉转化为葡萄糖。葡萄糖的量此处通过用于葡萄糖氧化酶活性测定的方法测定。该方法在AmericanAssociation of Cereal Chemists,(2000);ISBN:1-891127-12-8,Vol.1-2AACC“Approved methods of the American Association of Cereal Chemists”中的76-11章节Starch-Glucoamylase Method with Subsequent Measurement of Glucosewith Glucose Oxidase中描述。
一个葡糖淀粉酶单位(AGI)为其每分钟在本方法的标准条件下形成1微摩尔的葡萄糖的酶量。
标准条件/反应条件:
底物: 可溶性淀粉,浓度大约16g干物质/L
缓冲液: 乙酸盐,大约0.04M,pH=4.3
pH: 4.3
温育温度: 60℃
反应时间: 15分钟
终止反应: NaOH至大约0.2g/L(pH~9)的浓度
酶浓度: 0.15-0.55AAU/mL
淀粉应为Lintner淀粉,其为作为比色的指示剂应用于实验室的稀糊淀粉。Lintner淀粉是天然淀粉通过稀盐酸处理得到,以使其保持与碘变蓝色的能力。
葡糖淀粉酶活性(AGU)
Novo葡糖淀粉酶单位(AGU)定义为其每分钟在37℃、pH 4.3、底物:麦芽糖23.2mM、缓冲液:乙酸盐0.1M、反应时间5分钟的标准条件下水解1微摩尔麦芽糖的酶量。
可应用自动分析***。将变旋酶(mutarotase)加入葡萄糖脱氢酶试剂,以使任何存在的alpha-D-葡萄糖变为beta-D-葡萄糖。葡萄糖脱氢酶在上述的反应中,特异性地与beta-D-葡萄糖反应,形成NADH,其作为初始葡萄糖浓度的量度应用光度计在340nm测定。
AMG温育:
底物: 麦芽糖,23.2mM
缓冲液: 乙酸盐,0.1M
pH: 4.30+0.05
温育温度: 37℃±1
反应时间: 5分钟
酶工作范围: 0.5-4.0AGU/mL
颜色反应:
GlucDH: 430U/L
变旋酶: 9U/L
NAD: 0.21mM
缓冲液: 磷酸盐0.12M;0.15M NaCl
pH: 7.60±0.05
温育温度: 37℃+1
反应时间: 5分钟
波长: 340nm
更详细地描述此分析方法的文件夹(
EB-SM-0131.02/01)可向NovozymesA/S,Denmark要求得到,其文件夹在此包括作为参考。
木聚糖酶活性
木聚糖酶活性可以FXU-单位表达,在pH 6.0以remazol-木聚糖(用Remazol Brilliant Blue R染色的4-O-甲基-D-glucurono-D-木聚糖,Fluka)作为底物测定。
木聚糖酶样品与remazol-木聚糖底物温育。非-降解的染料底物的背景被乙醇沉淀。上清中残余的蓝色(如在585nm 分光光度法测定的)与木聚糖酶活性成正比,而且木聚糖酶单位相对于酶标准物在标准反应条件下(即,在50.0℃,pH 6.0和30分钟反应时间)测定。
更详细地描述此分析方法的文件夹
EB-SM-352.02/01可向NovozymesA/S,Denmark要求得到,其文件夹在此包括作为参考。
纤维素溶解活性
纤维素溶解活性可以内-葡聚糖酶单位(ENU)测定,在pH 6.0以羧甲基纤维素(carboxymethyl cellulose)(CMC)为底物测定。制备底物溶液,在pH 6.0在0.1M磷酸盐缓冲液中含有34.0g/L CMC(Hercules 7LFD)。待分析的酶样品在同样的缓冲液中溶解。5mL底物溶液和0.15mL酶溶液混合并转移到振动粘度计(例如来自Sofraser,France的MIVI 3000),在40℃恒温30分钟。一个EGU定义为在这些条件下将粘度减少一半的酶量。应调节酶样品的量以在反应混合物中提供0.01-0.02 EGU/ml。主要的标准物定义为880 EGU/g。
更详细地描述此分析方法的文件夹
EB-SM-0275.02/01可向NovozymesA/S,Denmark要求得到,其文件夹在此包括作为参考。
植酸酶活性
植酸酶活性以FYT单位测定,一个FYT为每分钟在如下条件下释放1微摩尔无机正磷酸根(ortho-phosphate)的酶量,所述条件为:pH 5.5;温度37℃;底物:0.0050摩尔/1浓度的植酸钠(C6H6O24P6Na12)
蛋白水解活性(AU)
蛋白水解活性以变性的血红蛋白作为底物测定。在用于蛋白水解活性测定的Anson-Hemoglobin方法中,将变性的血红蛋白消化,而且未消化的血红蛋白以三氯乙酸(trichloroacetic acid)(TCA)沉淀。TCA可溶性产物的量以苯酚试剂测定,该试剂与酪氨酸(tyrosine)和色氨酸(tryptophan)产生蓝色。
一个Anson单位(AU)定义为其在标准条件(即25℃,pH 7.5和10分钟反应时间)下以初始速率消化血红蛋白的酶量,所述的初始速率为每分钟释放的TCA可溶性产物的量,该产物作为酪氨酸的一毫克当量与苯酚试剂产生同样的颜色。
更详细地描述此分析方法的文件夹AF4/5可向Novozymes A/S,Denmark要求得到,其文件夹在此包括作为参考。
酶制剂
应用如下的酶制剂:
细菌alpha-淀粉酶;包含具有源自嗜热脂肪芽孢杆菌的alpha-淀粉酶活性(E.C.3.2.1.1)的多肽,并具有WO99/19467中作为SEQ.NO:4公开的氨基酸序列的酶制剂。活性:120 KNU/g(密度=1.20-1.25g/mL)。
优选的酸性真菌alpha-淀粉酶;源自黑曲霉菌、包含酸性真菌alpha-淀粉酶和一些葡糖淀粉酶的酶制剂。活性:114 AFAU/g(密度=1.2g/mL)。
葡糖淀粉酶;源自黑曲霉菌、包含葡糖淀粉酶和一些酸性真菌alpha-淀粉酶的酶制剂。活性:363 AGU/g,86 AFAU/g(密度=1.2g/mL)。
包含源自木霉菌属和曲霉属的木聚糖酶和纤维素酶活性的酶制剂。活性:140 FXU/g+350 EGU/g(密度=1.2g/mL)。
实施例1
将应用称为无压力烘焙(non-pressure cooking)的传统预-液化的常规乙醇方法与本发明的方法进行比较。用于制备饮用酒精的传统的无压力批式烘焙方法在Novozymes publication No.2001-10782-01名称为“Novozymes的酶在酒精生产中的用途(Use of Novozymes enzymes in alcohol production)”中描述。
磨碎的大麦谷物的20%D.S.浆体在室温(RT)自来水中制成。
常规的乙醇方法的NPC预-处理在带搅拌的6×1-升桶中进行。将细菌alpha淀粉酶加入并将所述的桶放置在65℃的水浴中。当麦芽浆中的温度达到55℃时,强化加热以将麦芽浆加热至90℃超过60分钟。然后将温度调节到32℃并将3×250g麦芽浆分配到带气塞(air lock)的500mL蓝色盖子摇瓶(bluecap flask)中。向所有的摇瓶中添加0.25g干面包酵母(dry bakers yeast)(对应于5-10百万活细胞/g麦芽浆)。酶活性根据下表加入并将每个摇瓶称重。将摇瓶在32℃的水浴中放置72小时。为了监测发酵进程,在48和72小时将摇瓶称重并测定CO2重量损失。CO2损失的量和乙醇重量之间应用的关系为:CO2损失(g)×1.045=EtOH(g)。
本发明方法的含250g浆体的每个500mL蓝色盖子发酵摇瓶装置气塞。应用6.0 N HCl将pH调节至4.5,且葡糖淀粉酶和酸性alpha-淀粉酶根据表1加入(dose)。将摇瓶在55℃保持60分钟。然后将温度调节至32℃并如上所述进行发酵并监测。
表1大麦,在48和72小时的重量损失(g)。细菌alpha-淀粉酶(KNU)、酸性alpha-淀粉酶(AFAU)和葡糖淀粉酶(AGU)活性根据此表添加。
传统的无压力烘焙 | 低AFAU/AGU | 本发明的方法 | |
KNU/kg DS | 36 | 0 | 0 |
AFAU/kg DS | 39 | 39 | 540 |
AGU/kg DS | 163 | 163 | 273 |
AFAU/AGU | 0.24 | 0.24 | 1.98 |
重量损失(g),48小时 | 9.0 | 11.0 | 14.7 |
重量损失(g),72小时 | 12.2 | 13.0 | 16.4 |
乙醇%,48小时 | 3.76 | 4.60 | 4.60 |
乙醇%,72小时 | 5.10 | 5.43 | 6.86 |
*基于48和72小时的重量损失,CO2损失(g)×1.045=EtOH(g)。
实施例2
此实施例说明由酸性alpha-淀粉酶、葡糖淀粉酶、纤维素酶和木聚糖酶活性组成的本发明的酶组合物的用途。
磨碎的大麦谷物的20%D.S.浆体在RT自来水中制成。对于每种处理物,将2×250g分配到500mL蓝色盖子摇瓶中。应用6N HCl将pH调节至4.5。根据表2和表3添加酶活性,而对应于本发明的步骤(b)的预处理在55℃在振荡水浴中进行一小时。调节温度至32℃,并如上所述进行0.25g干面包酵母的发酵和监测。
表2大麦,在48和72小时的重量损失(g)。酸性alpha-淀粉酶(AFNU)、葡糖淀粉酶(AGU)、纤维素酶(EGU)和木聚糖酶(FXU)活性根据此表添加。
低AFAU/AGU | 本发明的方法 | |||
AFAU/AGU | 0.24 | 0.24 | 1.98 | 1.98 |
AFAU/kg DS | 39 | 39 | 540 | 540 |
AGU/kg DS | 163 | 163 | 273 | 273 |
FXU/kg DS | 0 | 70 | 0 | 70 |
EGU/kg DS | 0 | 175 | 0 | 175 |
重量损失(g),48小时 | 9.9 | 11.2 | 12.8 | 14.3 |
重量损失(g),72小时 | 12.1 | 13.8 | 15.5 | 16.5 |
乙醇%,48小时 | 4.14 | 4.68 | 5.35 | 5.98 |
乙醇%,72小时 | 5.06 | 5.77 | 6.48 | 6.90 |
*基于48和72小时的重量损失,CO2损失(g)×1.045=EtOH(g)。
实施例3
此实施例应用各种原材料说明本发明的方法。磨碎的谷物或玉米粉(cornmeal)的20%D.S.浆体在RT自来水中制成。对于每种处理物,将2×250g分配到500mL蓝色盖子摇瓶中。应用6N HCl将pH调节至4.5。根据表3、4和5添加酶,而预处理在55℃在振荡水浴中进行一小时。将摇瓶冷却至32℃并加入0.25g干面包酵母。将摇瓶在32℃水浴中放置72小时(对于小麦为90小时)
表3黑麦,在48小时和72小时的重量损失(g)。酸性alpha-淀粉酶(AFAU)和葡糖淀粉酶(AGU)活性根据此表添加。
AFAU/kg DS | 39 | 540 |
AGU/kg DS | 163 | 273 |
AFAU/AGU | 0.24 | 1.98 |
重量损失(g),48小时 | 14.7 | 17.4 |
重量损失(g),72小时 | 16.2 | 19.2 |
乙醇%,48小时 | 6.14 | 7.27 |
乙醇%,72小时 | 6.77 | 8.03 |
*基于48和72小时的重量损失,CO2损失(g)×1.045=EtOH(g)。
表4黄玉米粗粉,在48小时和72小时的重量损失(g)。酸性alpha-淀粉酶(AFAU)和葡糖淀粉酶(AGU)活性根据此表添加。
AFAU/kg DS | 39 | 540 |
AGU/kg DS | 163 | 273 |
AFAU/AGU | 0.24 | 1.98 |
重量损失(g),48小时 | 12.4 | 14.5 |
重量损失(g),72小时 | 15.6 | 17.5 |
乙醇%,48小时* | 5.18 | 6.06 |
乙醇%,72小时* | 6.52 | 7.32 |
*基于48和72小时的重量损失,CO2损失(g)×1.045=EtOH(g)。
表5小麦,在48小时和90小时的重量损失(g)。酸性alpha-淀粉酶(AFAU)和葡糖淀粉酶(AGU)活性根据此表添加。
AFAU/kg DS | 39 | 540 |
AGU/kg DS | 163 | 273 |
AFAU/AGU | 0.24 | 1.98 |
重量损失(g),48小时 | 13.8 | 16.3 |
重量损失(g),90小时 | 16.7 | 18.5 |
乙醇%,48小时 | 5.77 | 6.81 |
乙醇%,72小时 | 6.98 | 7.73 |
*基于48和72小时的重量损失,CO2损失(g)×1.045=EtOH(g)。
实施例4
此实施例应用小麦说明本发明的方法。磨碎的小麦的20%D.S.浆体在RT自来水中制成。对于每种处理物,将2×250g分配到500mL蓝色盖子摇瓶中。应用6 N HCl将pH调节至4.5。根据表6添加酶活性并将摇瓶在55℃在振荡水浴中温育一小时。将摇瓶冷却至32℃并加入0.25g干面包酵母。将摇瓶在32℃水浴中放置72小时。记录重量损失数据。为了监测发酵进程,在50小时和75.2小时将摇瓶称重并测定CO2重量损失。CO2损失的量和乙醇重量之间应用的关系为:CO2损失(g)×1.045=EtOH(g)。
在100小时取出HPLC样品并记录乙醇、甲醇和甘油的含量。
表6小麦;在50小时和72.5小时的重量损失(g)。葡糖淀粉酶(AGU)、酸性alpha-淀粉酶(AFAU)和细菌alpha-淀粉酶(KNU)根据此表添加。
AGU/kg DS | 0.30 | 0.30 | 0.30 | 0.30 | 0.30 | 0.30 | 0.30 |
AFAU/kg DS | 0.08 | 0.13 | 0.26 | 0.51 | 1.01 | - | - |
KNU/kg DS | - | - | - | - | - | 0.05 | 0.15 |
重量损失(g),50小时 | 10.67 | 11.01 | 11.71 | 12.53 | 14.14 | 14.68 | 15.55 |
重量损失(g),72.5小时 | 12.53 | 12.90 | 13.78 | 14.80 | 16.90 | 16.62 | 17.52 |
乙醇%w/w,50小时* | 4.46 | 4.60 | 4.89 | 5.24 | 5.91 | 6.14 | 6.50 |
乙醇%w/w,72.5小时* | 5.24 | 5.39 | 5.76 | 6.19 | 7.06 | 6.95 | 7.32 |
乙醇%w/w,100小时** | 6.36 | 6.64 | 7.01 | 7.47 | 7.73 | 8.13 | 8.59 |
乙醇%w/w,100小时** | 0.17 | 0.09 | 0.11 | 0.12 | 0.12 | 0.17 | 0.22 |
乙醇%w/w,100小时** | 0.52 | 0.54 | 0.49 | 0.54 | 0.53 | 0.65 | 0.72 |
乙醇%w/w,100小时** | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.04 | 0.01 | 0.01 | 0.01 |
*基于50和72.5小时的重量损失,CO2损失(g)×1.045=EtOH(g),**基于100小时的HPLC。 |
实施例5
此实施例显示了酸性alpha-淀粉酶在酿造过程中的用途。应用的酶包括源自具有在SEQ ID NO:1中显示的序列的黑曲霉菌的酸性真菌alpha-淀粉酶。源自具有在WO99/19467中作为SEQ.NO:4公开的氨基酸序列并带有突变:I181*+G182*+N193F的嗜热脂肪芽孢杆菌的alpha-淀粉酶(E.C.3.2.1.1)。源自黑曲霉菌的葡糖淀粉酶。具有在丹麦专利申请WO 2003/048353中作为SEQ.ID.NO 2的氨基酸1-177显示的氨基酸序列的蛋白酶。纤维素酶(E.C.3.2.1.4)。具有在WO2003/062409中作为SEQ.ID.NO:1显示的氨基酸序列的beta-葡聚糖酶。
源自棘孢曲霉、具有在WO9421785中作为SEQ.NO:2公开的氨基酸序列的木聚糖酶。
源自黑曲霉SP288的酸性alpha-淀粉酶应用通用淀粉糖化(Congressmashing)和高温淀粉糖化(Higher Temperature Mashing(HTM))条件在淀粉糖化装置中测定。其结果根据麦芽汁中形成可发酵的糖估计,所述的可发酵的糖的形成是麦芽汁质量的关键参数。应用来自嗜热脂肪芽孢杆菌的细菌热稳定的alpha-淀粉酶用于比较。所有的麦芽汁都加入5mg EP/kg DS木聚糖酶、5mg EP/kg DS beta-葡聚糖酶和2.5mg EP/kg DS蛋白酶。
除非另外说明,淀粉糖化根据EBC:4.5.1应用根据EBC:1.1磨碎的麦芽进行。淀粉糖化试验在500ml有盖子的容器中进行,每个所述的容器中含有带50g谷粉并以预热到初始温育温度+1℃的水调节到450±0.2g的总重量的麦芽浆。在淀粉糖化过程中,将所述的容器在带有搅拌的水浴中温育。
一种处理包括应用在EBC:4.5.1中描述的通用淀粉糖化。因而从一开始将50,0g麦芽与200ml水混合,当概况(profile)达到70℃时,加入100ml 70℃的水。所有的淀粉糖化杯在淀粉糖化结束时标准化至450,0g,其提供大约8,6°P。
第二种处理包括应用如在WO2004/011591中公开的HTM,其具有如下温度概况:70℃的初始温育温度65分钟,以1℃/分钟,20分钟升高到90℃,然后是90℃15分钟并最终通过以4.5℃/分钟冷却到20℃。应用的配方为:一开始加入200ml水的50,0g麦芽,在淀粉糖化结束时,淀粉糖化杯标准化至300,0g,其提供大约13°P。
可发酵的糖在8,6°P应用相当于EBC:8.7的HPLC方法分析。
表7提取物E2,来自通用淀粉糖化(8,6°P)和HTM(13°P)的干麦芽中的提取物,%(m/m)。对于所有的处理物,加入5mg EP/kg DS的木聚糖酶、5mgEP/kg DS的beta葡聚糖酶和2.5mg EP/kg DS的蛋白酶。
注意:比较仅指酶处理物之间,而非方法之间。
无附加的酶 | 75 AFAU/kg DS+61 AGU/kg DS | 75 KNU/kg DS | |
通用淀粉糖化 | 80.90 | 81.79 | 81.97 |
HTM | 81.42 | 81.23 | 81.33 |
表8来自通用淀粉糖化,8.6°P的可发酵的糖的概况综述。对于所有的处理物,加入5mg EP/kg DS的木聚糖酶、5mg EP/kg DS的beta葡聚糖酶和2.5mg EP/kg DS的蛋白酶。
无附加的酶 | 75 AFAU/kg DS+61 AGU/kg DS | 75 KNU/kg DS | |
葡萄糖 | 7.65 | 10.40 | 7.82 |
麦芽糖 | 43.18 | 43.08 | 43.54 |
麦芽三糖 | 8.25 | 7.08 | 9.08 |
果糖 | 3.24 | 3.29 | 3.40 |
可发酵的糖的总和 | 62.32 | 63.83 | 63.83 |
表9来自HTM淀粉糖化,13°P的可发酵的糖的概况。对于所有的处理物,加入5mg EP/kg DS的木聚糖酶、5mg EP/kg DS的beta葡聚糖酶和2.5mgEP/kg DS的蛋白酶。
无附加的酶 | 75 AFAU/kg DS+61 AGU/kg DS | 75 KNU/kg DS | |
葡萄糖 | 10.19 | 14.12 | 10.43 |
麦芽糖 | 65.98 | 67.10 | 66.46 |
麦芽三糖 | 12.61 | 11.07 | 12.89 |
果糖 | 5.27 | 5.15 | 5.13 |
可发酵的糖的总和 | 94.05 | 97.44 | 94.91 |
通用试验(a):同AMG结合的SP288对于形成可发酵的糖显示良好的效果,如与加入Termamyl SC和不加入淀粉酶相比,通过加入酸性alpha-淀粉酶,麦芽汁中的葡萄糖浓度增加。
酸性alpha-淀粉酶对于形成可发酵的糖显示良好的效果,与加入Termamyl SC和不加入淀粉酶相比,通过加入酸性alpha-淀粉酶,麦芽汁中的葡萄糖浓度显著地增加。可发酵的糖的总和由于酸性alpha-淀粉酶的性能从94,91g/L增加到97,44g/L。这意味着提取物的增加的部分是立即可以发酵的,其可产生更高的酒精量。
序列表
<110>诺维信公司(Novozymes A/S)
<120>酒精产品生产方法
<130>10391.204-WO
<160>5
<170>PatentIn version 3.2
<210>1
<211>484
<212>PRT
<213>黑曲霉(Aspergillus niger)
<400>1
Leu Ser Ala Ala Ser Trp Arg Thr Gln Ser Ile Tyr Phe Leu Leu Thr
1 5 10 15
Asp Arg Phe Gly Arg Thr Asp Asn Ser Thr Thr Ala Thr Cys Asn Thr
20 25 30
Gly Asn Glu Ile Tyr Cys Gly Gly Ser Trp Gln Gly Ile Ile Asp His
35 40 45
Leu Asp Tyr Ile Glu Gly Met Gly Phe Thr Ala Ile Trp Ile Ser Pro
50 55 60
Ile Thr Glu Gln Leu Pro Gln Asp Thr Ala Asp Gly Glu Ala Tyr His
65 70 75 80
Gly Tyr Trp Gln Gln Lys Ile Tyr Asp Val Asn Ser Asn Phe Gly Thr
85 90 95
Ala Asp Asn Leu Lys Ser Leu Ser Asp Ala Leu His Ala Arg Gly Met
100 105 110
Tyr Leu Met Val Asp Val Val Pro Asp His Met Gly Tyr Ala Gly Asn
115 120 125
Gly Asn Asp Val Asp Tyr Ser Val Phe Asp Pro Phe Asp Ser Ser Ser
130 135 140
Tyr Phe His Pro Tyr Cys Leu Ile Thr Asp Trp Asp Asn Leu Thr Met
145 150 155 160
Val Glu Asp Cys Trp Glu Gly Asp Thr Ile Val Ser Leu Pro Asp Leu
165 170 175
Asp Thr Thr Glu Thr Ala Val Arg Thr Ile Trp Tyr Asp Trp Val Ala
180 185 190
Asp Leu Val Ser Asn Tyr Ser Val Asp Gly Leu Arg Ile Asp Ser Val
195 200 205
Leu Glu Val Gln Pro Asp Phe Phe Pro Gly Tyr Asn Lys Ala Ser Gly
210 215 220
Val Tyr Cys Val Gly Glu Ile Asp Asn Gly Asn Pro Ala Ser Asp Cys
225 230 235 240
Pro Tyr Gln Lys Val Leu Asp Gly Val Leu Asn Tyr Pro Ile Tyr Trp
245 250 255
Gln Leu Leu Tyr Ala Phe Glu Ser Ser Ser Gly Ser Ile Ser Asn Leu
260 265 270
Tyr Asn Met Ile Lys Ser Val Ala Ser Asp Cys Ser Asp Pro Thr Leu
275 280 285
Leu Gly Asn Phe Ile Glu Asn His Asp Asn Pro Arg Phe Ala Lys Tyr
290 295 300
Thr Ser Asp Tyr Ser Gln Ala Lys Asn Val Leu Ser Tyr Ile Phe Leu
305 310 315 320
Ser Asp Gly Ile Pro Ile Val Tyr Ala Gly Glu Glu Gln His Tyr Ala
325 330 335
Gly Gly Lys Val Pro Tyr Asn Arg Glu Ala Thr Trp Leu Ser Gly Tyr
340 345 350
Asp Thr Ser Ala Glu Leu Tyr Thr Trp Ile Ala Thr Thr Asn Ala Ile
355 360 365
Arg Lys Leu Ala Ile Ala Ala Asp Ser Ala Tyr Ile Thr Tyr Ala Asn
370 375 380
Asp Ala Phe Tyr Thr Asp Ser Asn Thr Ile Ala Met Ala Lys Gly Thr
385 390 395 400
Ser Gly Ser Gln Val Ile Thr Val Leu Ser Asn Lys Gly Ser Ser Gly
405 410 415
Ser Ser Tyr Thr Leu Thr Leu Ser Gly Ser Gly Tyr Thr Ser Gly Thr
420 425 430
Lys Leu Ile Glu Ala Tyr Thr Cys Thr Ser Val Thr Val Asp Ser Ser
435 440 445
Gly Asp Ile Pro Val Pro Met Ala Ser Gly Leu Pro Arg Val Leu Leu
450 455 460
Pro Ala Ser Val Val Asp Ser Ser Ser Leu Cys Gly Gly Ser Gly Arg
465 470 475 480
Leu Tyr Val Glu
<210>2
<211>514
<212>PRT
<213>嗜热脂肪芽孢杆菌(Bacillus stearothermophilus)
<400>2
Ala Ala Pro Phe Asn Gly Thr Met Met Gln Tyr Phe Glu Trp Tyr Leu
1 5 10 15
Pro Asp Asp Gly Thr Leu Trp Thr Lys Val Ala Asn Glu Ala Asn Asn
20 25 30
Leu Ser Ser Leu Gly Ile Thr Ala Leu Trp Leu Pro Pro Ala Tyr Lys
35 40 45
Gly Thr Ser Arg Ser Asp Val Gly Tyr Gly Val Tyr Asp Leu Tyr Asp
50 55 60
Leu Gly Glu Phe Asn Gln Lys Gly Ala Val Arg Thr Lys Tyr Gly Thr
65 70 75 80
Lys Ala Gln Tyr Leu Gln Ala Ile Gln Ala Ala His Ala Ala Gly Met
85 90 95
Gln Val Tyr Ala Asp Val Val Phe Asp His Lys Gly Gly Ala Asp Gly
100 105 110
Thr Glu Trp Val Asp Ala Val Glu Val Asn Pro Ser Asp Arg Asn Gln
115 120 125
Glu Ile Ser Gly Thr Tyr Gln Ile Gln Ala Trp Thr Lys Phe Asp Phe
130 135 140
Pro Gly Arg Gly Asn Thr Tyr Ser Ser Phe Lys Trp Arg Trp Tyr His
145 150 155 160
Phe Asp Gly Val Asp Trp Asp Glu Ser Arg Lys Leu Ser Arg Ile Tyr
165 170 175
Lys Phe Arg Gly Ile Gly Lys Ala Trp Asp Trp Glu Val Asp Thr Glu
180 185 190
Asn Gly Asn Tyr Asp Tyr Leu Met Tyr Ala Asp Leu Asp Met Asp His
195 200 205
Pro Glu Val Val Thr Glu Leu Lys Ser Trp Gly Lys Trp Tyr Val Asn
210 215 220
Thr Thr Asn Ile Asp Gly Phe Arg Leu Asp Ala Val Lys His Ile Lys
225 230 235 240
Phe Ser Phe Phe Pro Asp Trp Leu Ser Asp Val Arg Ser Gln Thr Gly
245 250 255
Lys Pro Leu Phe Thr Val Gly Glu Tyr Trp Ser Tyr Asp Ile Asn Lys
260 265 270
Leu His Asn Tyr Ile Met Lys Thr Asn Gly Thr Met Ser Leu Phe Asp
275 280 285
Ala Pro Leu His Asn Lys Phe Tyr Thr Ala Ser Lys Ser Gly Gly Thr
290 295 300
Phe Asp Met Arg Thr Leu Met Thr Asn Thr Leu Met Lys Asp Gln Pro
305 310 315 320
Thr Leu Ala Val Thr Phe Val Asp Asn His Asp Thr Glu Pro Gly Gln
325 330 335
Ala Leu Gln Ser Trp Val Asp Pro Trp Phe Lys Pro Leu Ala Tyr Ala
340 345 350
Phe Ile Leu Thr Arg Gln Glu Gly Tyr Pro Cys Val Phe Tyr Gly Asp
355 360 365
Tyr Tyr Gly Ile Pro Gln Tyr Asn Ile Pro Ser Leu Lys Ser Lys Ile
370 375 380
Asp Pro Leu Leu Ile Ala Arg Arg Asp Tyr Ala Tyr Gly Thr Gln His
385 390 395 400
Asp Tyr Leu Asp His Ser Asp Ile Ile Gly Trp Thr Arg Glu Gly Val
405 410 415
Thr Glu Lys Pro Gly Ser Gly Leu Ala Ala Leu Ile Thr Asp Gly Pro
420 425 430
Gly Gly Ser Lys Trp Met Tyr Val Gly Lys Gln His Ala Gly Lys Val
435 440 445
Phe Tyr Asp Leu Thr Gly Asn Arg Ser Asp Thr Val Thr Ile Asn Ser
450 455 460
Asp Gly Trp Gly Glu Phe Lys Val Asn Gly Gly Ser Val Ser Val Trp
465 470 475 480
Val Pro Arg Lys Thr Thr Val Ser Thr Ile Ala Trp Ser Ile Thr Thr
485 490 495
Arg Pro Trp Thr Asp Glu Phe Val Arg Trp Thr Glu Pro Arg Leu Val
500 505 510
Ala Trp
<210>3
<211>483
<212>PRT
<213>地衣芽孢杆菌(Bacillus licheniformis)
<400>3
Ala Asn Leu Asn Gly Thr Leu Met Gln Tyr Phe Glu Trp Tyr Met Pro
1 5 10 15
Asn Asp Gly Gln His Trp Arg Arg Leu Gln Asn Asp Ser Ala Tyr Leu
20 25 30
Ala Glu His Gly Ile Thr Ala Val Trp Ile Pro Pro Ala Tyr Lys Gly
35 40 45
Thr Ser Gln Ala Asp Val Gly Tyr Gly Ala Tyr Asp Leu Tyr Asp Leu
50 55 60
Gly Glu Phe His Gln Lys Gly Thr Val Arg Thr Lys Tyr Gly Thr Lys
65 70 75 80
Gly Glu Leu Gln Ser Ala Ile Lys Ser Leu His Ser Arg Asp Ile Asn
85 90 95
Val Tyr Gly Asp Val Val Ile Asn His Lys Gly Gly Ala Asp Ala Thr
100 105 110
Glu Asp Val Thr Ala Val Glu Val Asp Pro Ala Asp Arg Asn Arg Val
115 120 125
Ile Ser Gly Glu His Leu Ile Lys Ala Trp Thr His Phe His Phe Pro
130 135 140
Gly Arg Gly Ser Thr Tyr Ser Asp Phe Lys Trp His Trp Tyr His Phe
145 150 155 160
Asp Gly Thr Asp Trp Asp Glu Ser Arg Lys Leu Asn Arg Ile Tyr Lys
165 170 175
Phe Gln Gly Lys Ala Trp Asp Trp Glu Val Ser Asn Glu Asn Gly Asn
180 185 190
Tyr Asp Tyr Leu Met Tyr Ala Asp Ile Asp Tyr Asp His Pro Asp Val
195 200 205
Ala Ala Glu Ile Lys Arg Trp Gly Thr Trp Tyr Ala Asn Glu Leu Gln
210 215 220
Leu Asp Gly Phe Arg Leu Asp Ala Val Lys His Ile Lys Phe Ser Phe
225 230 235 240
Leu Arg Asp Trp Val Asn His Val Arg Glu Lys Thr Gly Lys Glu Met
245 250 255
Phe Thr Val Ala Glu Tyr Trp Gln Asn Asp Leu Gly Ala Leu Glu Asn
260 265 270
Tyr Leu Asn Lys Thr Asn Phe Asn His Ser Val Phe Asp Val Pro Leu
275 280 285
His Tyr Gln Phe His Ala Ala Ser Thr Gln Gly Gly Gly Tyr Asp Met
290 295 300
Arg Lys Leu Leu Asn Gly Thr Val Val Ser Lys His Pro Leu Lys Ser
305 310 315 320
Val Thr Phe Val Asp Asn His Asp Thr Gln Pro Gly Gln Ser Leu Glu
325 330 335
Ser Thr Val Gln Thr Trp Phe Lys Pro Leu Ala Tyr Ala Phe Ile Leu
340 345 350
Thr Arg Glu Ser Gly Tyr Pro Gln Val Phe Tyr Gly Asp Met Tyr Gly
355 360 365
Thr Lys Gly Asp Ser Gln Arg Glu Ile Pro Ala Leu Lys His Lys Ile
370 375 380
Glu Pro Ile Leu Lys Ala Arg Lys Gln Tyr Ala Tyr Gly Ala Gln His
385 390 395 400
Asp Tyr Phe Asp His His Asp Ile Val Gly Trp Thr Arg Glu Gly Asp
405 410 415
Ser Ser Val Ala Asn Ser Gly Leu Ala Ala Leu Ile Thr Asp Gly Pro
420 425 430
Gly Gly Ala Lys Arg Met Tyr Val Gly Arg Gln Asn Ala Gly Glu Thr
435 440 445
Trp His Asp Ile Thr Gly Asn Arg Ser Glu Pro Val Val Ile Asn Ser
450 455 460
Glu Gly Trp Gly Glu Phe His Val Asn Gly Gly Ser Val Ser Ile Tyr
465 470 475 480
Val Gln Arg
<210>4
<211>480
<212>PRT
<213>淀粉液化曲霉(Aspergillus amyloliquefaciens)
<400>4
Val Asn Gly Thr Leu Met Gln Tyr Phe Glu Trp Tyr Thr Pro Asn Asp
1 5 10 15
Gly Gln His Trp Lys Arg Leu Gln Asn Asp Ala Glu His Leu Ser Asp
20 25 30
Ile Gly Ile Thr Ala Val Trp Ile Pro Pro Ala Tyr Lys Gly Leu Ser
35 40 45
Gln Ser Asp Asn Gly Tyr Gly Pro Tyr Asp Leu Tyr Asp Leu Gly Glu
50 55 60
Phe Gln Gln Lys Gly Thr Val Arg Thr Lys Tyr Gly Thr Lys Ser Glu
65 70 75 80
Leu Gln Asp Ala Ile Gly Ser Leu His Ser Arg Asn Val Gln Val Tyr
85 90 95
Gly Asp Val Val Leu Asn His Lys Ala Gly Ala Asp Ala Thr Glu Asp
100 105 110
Val Thr Ala Val Glu Val Asn Pro Ala Asn Arg Asn Gln Glu Thr Ser
115 120 125
Glu Glu Tyr Gln Ile Lys Ala Trp Thr Asp Phe Arg Phe Pro Gly Arg
130 135 140
Gly Asn Thr Tyr Ser Asp Phe Lys Trp His Trp Tyr His Phe Asp Gly
145 150 155 160
Ala Asp Trp Asp Glu Ser Arg Lys Ile Ser Arg Ile Phe Lys Phe Arg
165 170 175
Gly Glu Gly Lys Ala Trp Asp Trp Glu Val Ser Ser Glu Asn Gly Asn
180 185 190
Tyr Asp Tyr Leu Met Tyr Ala Asp Val Asp Tyr Asp His Pro Asp Val
195 200 205
Val Ala Glu Thr Lys Lys Trp Gly Ile Trp Tyr Ala Asn Glu Leu Ser
210 215 220
Leu Asp Gly Phe Arg Ile Asp Ala Ala Lys His Ile Lys Phe Ser Phe
225 230 235 240
Leu Arg Asp Trp Val Gln Ala Val Arg Gln Ala Thr Gly Lys Glu Met
245 250 255
Phe Thr Val Ala Glu Tyr Trp Gln Asn Asn Ala Gly Lys Leu Glu Asn
260 265 270
Tyr Leu Asn Lys Thr Ser Phe Asn Gln Ser Val Phe Asp Val Pro Leu
275 280 285
His Phe Asn Leu Gln Ala Ala Ser Ser Gln Gly Gly Gly Tyr Asp Met
290 295 300
Arg Arg Leu Leu Asp Gly Thr Val Val Ser Arg His Pro Glu Lys Ala
305 310 315 320
Val Thr Phe Val Glu Asn His Asp Thr Gln Pro Gly Gln Ser Leu Glu
325 330 335
Ser Thr Val Gln Thr Trp Phe Lys Pro Leu Ala Tyr Ala Phe Ile Leu
340 345 350
Thr Arg Glu Ser Gly Tyr Pro Gln Val Phe Tyr Gly Asp Met Tyr Gly
355 360 365
Thr Lys Gly Thr Ser Pro Lys Glu Ile Pro Ser Leu Ly s Asp Asn Ile
370 375 380
Glu Pro Ile Leu Lys Ala Arg Lys Glu Tyr Ala Tyr Gly Pro Gln His
385 390 395 400
Asp Tyr Ile Asp His Pro Asp Val Ile Gly Trp Thr Arg Glu Gly Asp
405 410 415
Ser Ser Ala Ala Lys Ser Gly Leu Ala Ala Leu Ile Thr Asp Gly Pro
420 425 430
Gly Gly Ser Lys Arg Met Tyr Ala Gly Leu Lys Asn Ala Gly Glu Thr
435 440 445
Trp Tyr Asp Ile Thr Gly Asn Arg Ser Asp Thr Val Lys Ile Gly Ser
450 455 460
Asp Gly Trp Gly Glu Phe His Val Asn Asp Gly Ser Val Ser Ile Tyr
465 470 475 480
<210>5
<211>499
<212>PRT
<213>米曲霉(Aspergillus oryzae)
<400>5
Met Met Val Ala Trp Trp Ser Leu Phe Leu Tyr Gly Leu Gln Val Ala
1 5 10 15
Ala Pro Ala Leu Ala Ala Thr Pro Ala Asp Trp Arg Ser Gln Ser Ile
20 25 30
Tyr Phe Leu Leu Thr Asp Arg Phe Ala Arg Thr Asp Gly Ser Thr Thr
35 40 45
Ala Thr Cys Asn Thr Ala Asp Gln Lys Tyr Cys Gly Gly Thr Trp Gln
50 55 60
Gly Ile Ile Asp Lys Leu Asp Tyr Ile Gln Gly Met Gly Phe Thr Ala
65 70 75 80
Ile Trp Ile Thr Pro Val Thr Ala Gln Leu Pro Gln Thr Thr Ala Tyr
85 90 95
Gly Asp Ala Tyr His Gly Tyr Trp Gln Gln Asp Ile Tyr Ser Leu Asn
100 105 110
Glu Asn Tyr Gly Thr Ala Asp Asp Leu Lys Ala Leu Ser Ser Ala Leu
115 120 125
His Glu Arg Gly Met Tyr Leu Met Val Asp Val Val Ala Asn His Met
130 135 140
Gly Tyr Asp Gly Ala Gly Ser Ser Val Asp Tyr Ser Val Phe Lys Pro
145 150 155 160
Phe Ser Ser Gln Asp Tyr Phe His Pro Phe Cys Phe Ile Gln Asn Tyr
165 170 175
Glu Asp Gln Thr Gln Val Glu Asp Cys Trp Leu Gly Asp Asn Thr Val
180 185 190
Ser Leu Pro Asp Leu Asp Thr Thr Lys Asp Val Val Lys Asn Glu Trp
195 200 205
Tyr Asp Trp Val Gly Ser Leu Val Ser Asn Tyr Ser Ile Asp Gly Leu
210 215 220
Arg Ile Asp Thr Val Lys His Val Gln Lys Asp Phe Trp Pro Gly Tyr
225 230 235 240
Asn Lys Ala Ala Gly Val Tyr Cys Ile Gly Glu Val Leu Asp Gly Asp
245 250 255
Pro Ala Tyr Thr Cys Pro Tyr Gln Asn Val Met Asp Gly Val Leu Asn
260 265 270
Tyr Pro Ile Tyr Tyr Pro Leu Leu Asn Ala Phe Lys Ser Thr Ser Gly
275 280 285
Ser Met Asp Asp Leu Tyr Asn Met Ile Asn Thr Val Lys Ser Asp Cys
290 295 300
Pro Asp Ser Thr Leu Leu Gly Thr Phe Val Glu Asn His Asp Asn Pro
305 310 315 320
Arg Phe Ala Ser Tyr Thr Asn Asp Ile Ala Leu Ala Lys Asn Val Ala
325 330 335
Ala Phe Ile Ile Leu Asn Asp Gly Ile Pro Ile Ile Tyr Ala Gly Gln
340 345 350
Glu Gln His Tyr Ala Gly Gly Asn Asp Pro Ala Asn Arg Glu Ala Thr
355 360 365
Trp Leu Ser Gly Tyr Pro Thr Asp Ser Glu Leu Tyr Lys Leu Ile Ala
370 375 380
Ser Ala Asn Ala Ile Arg Asn Tyr Ala Ile Ser Lys Asp Thr Gly Phe
385 390 395 400
Val Thr Tyr Lys Asn Trp Pro Ile Tyr Lys Asp Asp Thr Thr Ile Ala
405 410 415
Met Arg Lys Gly Thr Asp Gly Ser Gln Ile Val Thr Ile Leu Ser Asn
420 425 430
Lys Gly Ala Ser Gly Asp Ser Tyr Thr Leu Ser Leu Ser Gly Ala Gly
435 440 445
Tyr Thr Ala Gly Gln Gln Leu Thr Glu Val Ile Gly Cys Thr Thr Val
450 455 460
Thr Val Gly Ser Asp Gly Asn Val Pro Val Pro Met Ala Gly Gly Leu
465 470 475 480
Pro Arg Val Leu Tyr Pro Thr Glu Lys Leu Ala Gly Ser Lys Ile Cys
485 490 495
Ser Ser Ser
Claims (37)
1.制备酒精产品的方法,包括以下连续的步骤:
(a)提供包含水和粒状淀粉的浆体,
(b)在酸性alpha-淀粉酶和葡糖淀粉酶存在的条件下,将所述的浆体在比所述粒状淀粉的初始凝胶化温度低0℃至20℃的温度保持5分钟至12小时,
(c)在酸性alpha-淀粉酶、葡糖淀粉酶和酵母存在的条件下,将所述的浆体在10℃-35℃的温度保持20至250小时以产生乙醇,和
(d)任选地,回收乙醇。
2.权利要求1的方法,其中所述的产品是燃料乙醇、饮用乙醇和/或工业乙醇。
3.任一项前述权利要求的方法,其中步骤(c)的温度为28℃-36℃,如29℃-35℃,如30℃-34℃,如大约32℃。
4.权利要求1的方法,其中所述的产品是啤酒。
5.权利要求1或4的方法,其中步骤(c)的温度为11℃-17℃,如12℃-16℃,如13℃-15℃,如大约14℃。
6.任一项前述权利要求的方法,其中以0.30-5.00AFAU/AGU的活性比例在步骤(b)和/或(c)中加入所述的酸性alpha-淀粉酶和葡糖淀粉酶。
7.任一项前述权利要求的方法,其中所述的酸性alpha-淀粉酶为酸性真菌alpha-淀粉酶。
8.任一项前述权利要求的方法,其中所述的酸性真菌alpha-淀粉酶是从曲霉属的菌株中得到的,优选黑曲霉的菌株或米曲霉的菌株。
9.任一项前述权利要求的方法,其中所述的酸性alpha-淀粉酶为具有一种氨基酸序列的酸性alpha-淀粉酶,所述氨基酸序列与SEQ ID NO:1具有至少70%,优选至少75%、80%、85%或至少90%,例如至少95%、至少97%、至少98%或至少99%的同源性。
10.任一项前述权利要求的方法,其中所述的葡糖淀粉酶是从曲霉属、踝节菌属或梭菌属的菌株中得到的。
11.任一项前述权利要求的方法,其中所述的葡糖淀粉酶是从黑曲霉的菌株中得到的。
12.任一项前述权利要求的方法,其中所述的酸性alpha-淀粉酶为酸性细菌alpha-淀粉酶。
13.任一项前述权利要求的方法,其中所述的酸性alpha-淀粉酶是源自地衣芽孢杆菌、液化淀粉芽孢杆菌和嗜热脂肪芽孢杆菌的菌株的alpha-淀粉酶。
14.任一项前述权利要求的方法,其中所述的酸性细菌alpha-淀粉酶是源自地衣芽孢杆菌、液化淀粉芽孢杆菌和嗜热脂肪芽孢杆菌的菌株的alpha-淀粉酶。
15.任一项前述权利要求的方法,其中所述的酸性细菌alpha-淀粉酶源自嗜热脂肪芽孢杆菌的菌株,其与在SEQ ID NO:2中列出的野生型氨基酸序列相比具有突变I181*+G182*+N193F。
16.任一项前述权利要求的方法,其中所述的酸性细菌alpha-淀粉酶是杂交体alpha-淀粉酶,包括在SEQ ID NO:3中列出的地衣芽孢杆菌alpha-淀粉酶的445个C-末端氨基酸残基和在SEQ ID NO:4中列出的液化淀粉芽孢杆菌alpha-淀粉酶的37个N-末端氨基酸残基,并具有取代G48A+T49I+G107A+H156Y+A181T+N190F+1201F+A209V+Q264S。
17.任一项前述权利要求的方法,其中所述的酸性细菌alpha-淀粉酶是具有在SEQ ID NO:4中列出的氨基酸序列的alpha-淀粉酶,并具有突变H154Y、A181T、N190F、A209V、Q264S和/或第176和第179位之间两个残基的缺失,优选E178和G179的缺失。
18.任一项前述权利要求的方法,其中所述的酸性alpha-淀粉酶活性以50-500AFAU/kg DS的量存在。
19.任一项前述权利要求的方法,其中所述的葡糖淀粉酶活性以20-200AGU/kg DS的量存在。
20.任一项前述权利要求的方法,其中酸性alpha-淀粉酶活性与葡糖淀粉酶活性的比例为0.35-5.00AFAU/AGU。
21.任一项前述权利要求的方法,其中在选自木聚糖酶、纤维素酶或植酸酶的酶活性存在的条件下进行步骤(b)和/或步骤(c)。
22.任一项前述权利要求的方法,其中所述的淀粉浆体具有5-60%DS粒状淀粉,优选10-50%DS粒状淀粉,更优选20-40%DS,尤其大约30%DS粒状淀粉。
23.任一项前述权利要求的方法,其中步骤(b)和/或步骤(c)过程中的pH在3.0-7.0的范围,优选3.5-6.0,或更优选4.0-5.0,如4.3-4.6。
24.任一项前述权利要求的方法,其中所述的粒状淀粉从块茎、根、茎、果实、种子或完整谷物中得到。
25.任一项前述权利要求的方法,其中所述的粒状淀粉从玉米、玉米穗轴、小麦、大麦、黑麦、蜀黍、西米、木薯、树薯、木薯淀粉、高粱、稻或马铃薯中得到。
26.任一项前述权利要求的方法,其中所述的粒状淀粉从谷类中得到。
27.任一项前述权利要求的方法,其中所述的粒状淀粉从完整谷物的干磨物或湿磨物中得到。
28.任一项前述权利要求的方法,其中步骤(b)的保持时间为5分钟-12小时,优选10分钟-6小时,更优选15分钟-3小时,还更优选20分钟-1小时,如30分钟-1小时,40-70分钟,甚至50-60分钟。
29.任一项前述权利要求的方法,其中步骤(c)的保持时间为25-190小时,优选30-180小时,更优选40-170小时,还更优选50-160小时,还更优选60-150小时,还更优选70-140小时,并最优选80-130小时。
30.任一项前述权利要求的方法,其中步骤(b)的温度为45-75℃。
31.酶组合物,包含比例为0.30-5.00AFAU/AGU的酸性alpha-淀粉酶活性和葡糖淀粉酶活性,其中存在附加的酶活性;所述的酶活性选自纤维素酶、木聚糖酶或植酸酶。
32.前项权利要求的酶组合物在酒精产品生产方法或淀粉水解方法中的用途。
33.包含比例为0.30-5.00AFAU/AGU的酸性alpha-淀粉酶活性和葡糖淀粉酶活性的酶组合物在酒精产品生产方法中的用途,所述的酒精产品方法包括粒状淀粉的酶法水解。
34.淀粉糖化过程,包括应用酸性alpha-淀粉酶。
35.前项述权利要求的方法,其中所述的酸性alpha-淀粉酶源自曲霉属中的真菌,优选来自黑曲霉。
36.任一项前述权利要求的方法,其中所述的酸性alpha-淀粉酶与SEQID NO:1中所示的氨基酸序列具有至少50%,至少60%,至少70%,至少80%,至少90%的同源性。
37.任一项前述权利要求的方法,包括;
(a)形成包含5%-100%的大麦麦芽(谷粉的w/w)的麦芽浆;
(b)在步骤(a)之前、过程中或之后,加入至少一种选自蛋白酶(E.C.3.4)、纤维素酶(E.C.3.2.1.4)或麦芽糖产生酶的酶;
(c)在步骤(a)的15分钟内达到至少70℃的初始温育温度;
(d)在步骤(c)之后,将麦芽浆在至少70℃的温度温育一段时间,以足够达到至少80%的提取物回收率;和,
(e)将麦芽汁与酒糟分离。
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
CN201110228314.3A CN102277341B (zh) | 2003-03-10 | 2004-03-10 | 酒精产品生产方法 |
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US45332603P | 2003-03-10 | 2003-03-10 | |
US60/453,326 | 2003-03-10 | ||
PCT/DK2004/000154 WO2004080923A2 (en) | 2003-03-10 | 2004-03-10 | Alcohol product processes |
Related Child Applications (2)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
CN201110228314.3A Division CN102277341B (zh) | 2003-03-10 | 2004-03-10 | 酒精产品生产方法 |
CN2011102283139A Division CN102321705A (zh) | 2003-03-10 | 2004-03-10 | 酒精产品生产方法 |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
CN1788083A true CN1788083A (zh) | 2006-06-14 |
CN1788083B CN1788083B (zh) | 2011-10-05 |
Family
ID=32990756
Family Applications (3)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
CN201110228314.3A Expired - Fee Related CN102277341B (zh) | 2003-03-10 | 2004-03-10 | 酒精产品生产方法 |
CN2004800126822A Expired - Fee Related CN1788083B (zh) | 2003-03-10 | 2004-03-10 | 酒精产品生产方法 |
CN2011102283139A Pending CN102321705A (zh) | 2003-03-10 | 2004-03-10 | 酒精产品生产方法 |
Family Applications Before (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
CN201110228314.3A Expired - Fee Related CN102277341B (zh) | 2003-03-10 | 2004-03-10 | 酒精产品生产方法 |
Family Applications After (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
CN2011102283139A Pending CN102321705A (zh) | 2003-03-10 | 2004-03-10 | 酒精产品生产方法 |
Country Status (7)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (4) | US20040219649A1 (zh) |
EP (2) | EP2166091A3 (zh) |
CN (3) | CN102277341B (zh) |
AT (1) | ATE454446T1 (zh) |
DE (2) | DE602004024964D1 (zh) |
ES (1) | ES2245621T3 (zh) |
WO (1) | WO2004080923A2 (zh) |
Cited By (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN102643865A (zh) * | 2012-04-18 | 2012-08-22 | 中国农业大学 | 一株黄曲霉在提高酒精产量中的应用 |
CN101495642B (zh) * | 2006-08-11 | 2013-06-19 | 丹尼斯科美国公司 | 用于颗粒状淀粉水解的酶组合物中天然的谷物淀粉酶 |
CN101952409B (zh) * | 2007-12-12 | 2014-12-10 | 诺维信公司 | 酿造方法 |
CN104769106A (zh) * | 2012-10-10 | 2015-07-08 | 丹尼斯科美国公司 | 使用来自埃默森篮状菌(TALAROMYCES EMERSONII)的α-淀粉酶进行糖化的方法 |
Families Citing this family (96)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US20020006647A1 (en) * | 2000-02-23 | 2002-01-17 | Novozymes A/S | Fermentation with a phytase |
RU2315811C2 (ru) * | 2002-02-14 | 2008-01-27 | Новозимс А/С | Способ обработки крахмала |
EP2166091A3 (en) | 2003-03-10 | 2015-06-10 | Novozymes A/S | Alcohol product processes |
US20050233030A1 (en) | 2004-03-10 | 2005-10-20 | Broin And Associates, Inc. | Methods and systems for producing ethanol using raw starch and fractionation |
AU2004219649A1 (en) | 2003-03-10 | 2004-09-23 | Broin And Associates, Inc. | Method for producing ethanol using raw starch |
WO2004106533A1 (en) | 2003-05-30 | 2004-12-09 | Novozymes A/S | Alcohol product processes |
WO2004113551A1 (en) * | 2003-06-25 | 2004-12-29 | Novozymes A/S | Process for the hydrolysis of starch |
US7618795B2 (en) | 2003-06-25 | 2009-11-17 | Novozymes A/S | Starch process |
US20050239181A1 (en) * | 2004-03-10 | 2005-10-27 | Broin And Associates, Inc. | Continuous process for producing ethanol using raw starch |
CA2566252A1 (en) * | 2004-05-13 | 2005-12-01 | Novozymes North America, Inc. | A process of producing a fermentation product |
KR101545424B1 (ko) * | 2004-05-27 | 2015-08-18 | 다니스코 유에스 인크. | 입상 전분 가수분해 활성을 가진 산-안정성 알파 아밀라아제 및 효소 조성물 |
KR101222413B1 (ko) | 2004-05-27 | 2013-01-16 | 다니스코 유에스 인크. | 아스퍼질러스 가와치 산-안정성 알파 아밀라제의 이종 발현및 입상 전분 가수분해에서의 이용 |
US7413887B2 (en) | 2004-05-27 | 2008-08-19 | Genecor International, Inc. | Trichoderma reesei glucoamylase and homologs thereof |
US7332319B2 (en) | 2004-05-27 | 2008-02-19 | Genencor International, Inc. | Heterologous alpha amylase expression in Aspergillus |
EP1812547A1 (en) * | 2004-06-03 | 2007-08-01 | Novozymes A/S | Mashing process and enzyme composition useful therein |
CN101068922B (zh) * | 2004-11-30 | 2015-06-03 | 金克克国际有限公司 | 里氏木霉葡糖淀粉酶及其同源物 |
US20060147581A1 (en) | 2004-12-22 | 2006-07-06 | Novozymes A/S | Hybrid enzymes |
ES2543131T3 (es) | 2004-12-22 | 2015-08-14 | Novozymes North America, Inc. | Enzimas para tratamiento de almidón |
CN101087887A (zh) * | 2004-12-22 | 2007-12-12 | 诺维信公司 | 发酵产品方法 |
BRPI0519766A2 (pt) * | 2004-12-30 | 2009-03-10 | Genencor Int | proteases Ácidas féngicas |
ES2611589T3 (es) * | 2005-02-07 | 2017-05-09 | Novozymes North America, Inc. | Procesos de producción de productos de fermentación |
US20150328347A1 (en) | 2005-03-24 | 2015-11-19 | Xyleco, Inc. | Fibrous materials and composites |
US7708214B2 (en) | 2005-08-24 | 2010-05-04 | Xyleco, Inc. | Fibrous materials and composites |
ES2393090T5 (es) | 2005-04-26 | 2021-06-15 | Novozymes As | Hidrólisis de arabinoxilano |
US20070037267A1 (en) * | 2005-05-02 | 2007-02-15 | Broin And Associates, Inc. | Methods and systems for producing ethanol using raw starch and fractionation |
CN2805890Y (zh) * | 2005-05-23 | 2006-08-16 | 钟礼晖 | 治理工业有机废气的浓缩催化净化装置 |
US20060292677A1 (en) * | 2005-06-22 | 2006-12-28 | Brad Ostrander | Use of corn with low gelatinization temperature for production of fermentation-based products |
CN100519733C (zh) * | 2005-07-20 | 2009-07-29 | 安琪酵母股份有限公司 | 一种适合于酒精浓醪发酵的复合酵母 |
US8216817B2 (en) | 2005-09-20 | 2012-07-10 | Novozymes North America, Inc. | Process of producing a fermentation product |
US7919289B2 (en) | 2005-10-10 | 2011-04-05 | Poet Research, Inc. | Methods and systems for producing ethanol using raw starch and selecting plant material |
US20080280328A1 (en) | 2005-11-18 | 2008-11-13 | Novozymes A/S | Glucoamylase Variants |
EP1966386A4 (en) * | 2005-12-22 | 2009-06-17 | Novozymes North America Inc | METHOD FOR PRODUCING A FERMENTATION PRODUCT |
US20080206215A1 (en) * | 2006-02-22 | 2008-08-28 | Allen Michael Ziegler | Apparatus and method for treatment of microorganisms during propagation, conditioning and fermentation |
US20090068309A1 (en) * | 2006-03-06 | 2009-03-12 | Lakefront Brewery, Inc. | Gluten-free beer and method for making the same |
FR2898605B1 (fr) * | 2006-03-17 | 2008-06-27 | J Soufflet Sa Ets | Complement nutritionnel pour milieu de saccharification-fermentation dans la production d'ethanol |
WO2007109750A2 (en) | 2006-03-22 | 2007-09-27 | Novozymes North America, Inc. | Fermentation processes |
DK2004794T3 (da) * | 2006-04-04 | 2014-01-20 | Novozymes As | Fremgangsmåde til mæskning |
US7968318B2 (en) * | 2006-06-06 | 2011-06-28 | Genencor International, Inc. | Process for conversion of granular starch to ethanol |
US8765199B2 (en) | 2006-06-15 | 2014-07-01 | Novozymes A/S | Mashing process |
WO2009075682A1 (en) * | 2007-12-12 | 2009-06-18 | Novozymes A/S | Mashing process |
JP5568307B2 (ja) | 2006-10-10 | 2014-08-06 | ダニスコ・ユーエス・インク、ジェネンコー・ディビジョン | 修飾された性質を有するグルコアミラーゼ変異体 |
US20090017164A1 (en) * | 2007-02-13 | 2009-01-15 | Renessen Llc | Fermentation process for the preparation of ethanol from a corn fraction having low oil content |
WO2008112282A1 (en) * | 2007-03-14 | 2008-09-18 | Danisco Us, Inc., Genencor Division | Production of ethanol from barley and ddgs containing reduced beta-glucan and phytic acid |
WO2008141133A1 (en) * | 2007-05-09 | 2008-11-20 | Novozymes North America, Inc. | Process of producing a fermentation product |
ES2504983T3 (es) | 2007-10-09 | 2014-10-09 | Danisco Us Inc. | Variantes de glucoamilasa |
US8592194B2 (en) | 2007-10-09 | 2013-11-26 | Danisco Us Inc. | Glucoamylase variants with altered properties |
CN101896611A (zh) * | 2007-10-12 | 2010-11-24 | 诺维信公司 | 由糖蜜生产发酵产物的方法 |
BRPI0818546B1 (pt) | 2007-10-18 | 2021-01-19 | Danisco Us Inc. | composição de mistura de enzimas para fermentação e método de produção de produtos finais a partir de açúcares fermentáveis |
BRPI0820497A2 (pt) * | 2007-11-05 | 2015-07-14 | Energy Enzymes Inc | Processo para produção de etanol utilizando celulose com enzimas geradas através de cultura do estado sólido. |
ES2527586T3 (es) | 2007-11-20 | 2015-01-27 | Danisco Us Inc. | Variantes de glucoamilasa con propiedades modificadas |
WO2009129320A2 (en) | 2008-04-15 | 2009-10-22 | The United States Of America, As Represented By The Secretary Of Agriculture | Protein concentrate from starch containing grains: composition, method of making, and uses thereof |
CA2725737A1 (en) * | 2008-05-29 | 2009-12-10 | Danisco Us Inc. | Process for alcohol and co-product production from grain sorghum |
CN102186982A (zh) * | 2008-08-20 | 2011-09-14 | 诺维信公司 | 生产发酵产物的方法 |
JP5419303B2 (ja) * | 2008-09-25 | 2014-02-19 | ダニスコ・ユーエス・インク | アルファアミラーゼ混合物及びその混合物を使用する方法 |
MX2011009269A (es) | 2009-03-03 | 2011-09-26 | Poet Res Inc | Fermentacion de biomasa para la produccion de etanol. |
US8450094B1 (en) | 2009-03-03 | 2013-05-28 | Poet Research, Inc. | System for management of yeast to facilitate the production of ethanol |
US9068206B1 (en) | 2009-03-03 | 2015-06-30 | Poet Research, Inc. | System for treatment of biomass to facilitate the production of ethanol |
CA2766720A1 (en) | 2009-07-07 | 2011-01-13 | Novozymes A/S | Process for treating a substrate with an enzyme |
EP2467475A1 (en) | 2009-08-19 | 2012-06-27 | Danisco US Inc. | Combinatorial variants of glucoamylase with improved specific activity and/or thermostability |
CN102575239B (zh) | 2009-08-19 | 2017-06-16 | 杜邦营养生物科学有限公司 | 葡糖淀粉酶的变体 |
WO2011039324A1 (en) | 2009-09-30 | 2011-04-07 | Novozymes A/S | Steamed bread preparation methods and steamed bread improving compositions |
MX2012006095A (es) | 2009-11-30 | 2012-07-03 | Novozymes North America Inc | Polipeptidos que tienen actividad glucoamilasa y polinucleotidos que codifican para los mismos. |
CA2782154C (en) | 2009-11-30 | 2018-10-16 | Novozymes A/S | Polypeptides having glucoamylase activity and polynucleotides encoding same |
MX2012006176A (es) | 2009-12-01 | 2012-06-25 | Novozymes North America Inc | Polipeptidos que tienen actividad de glucoamilasa y polinucleotidos que codifican los mismos. |
US8883456B2 (en) * | 2010-03-30 | 2014-11-11 | Novozymes North America, Inc. | Processes of producing a fermentation product |
CA2795806C (en) | 2010-04-14 | 2019-01-08 | Novozymes A/S | Polypeptides having glucoamylase activity and polynucleotides encoding same |
CA2802083C (en) | 2010-06-11 | 2018-10-09 | Novozymes A/S | Enzymatic flour correction |
US9732332B2 (en) | 2010-11-08 | 2017-08-15 | Novozymes A/S | Polypeptides having glucoamylase activity and polynucleotides encoding same |
US9309505B2 (en) | 2010-11-08 | 2016-04-12 | Novozymes North America, Inc. | Polypeptides having glucoamylase activity and polynucleotides encoding same |
EP2654567B1 (en) | 2010-12-22 | 2018-04-04 | Novozymes North America, Inc. | Process for producing fermentation products from starch containing materials |
ES2729385T3 (es) | 2011-07-06 | 2019-11-04 | Novozymes As | Variantes de alfa-amilasa y polinucleótidos que codifican las mismas |
CA2846690A1 (en) | 2011-08-26 | 2013-03-07 | Novozymes A/S | Polypeptides having glucoamylase activity and polynucleotides encoding same |
MX351154B (es) | 2011-09-06 | 2017-10-04 | Novozymes As | Variantes de glucoamilasas y polinucleotidos que las codifican. |
IN2014CN03468A (zh) | 2011-10-11 | 2015-07-03 | Novozymes As | |
ES2616917T3 (es) | 2011-12-22 | 2017-06-14 | Dupont Nutrition Biosciences Aps | Polipéptidos que tienen actividad de glucoamilasa y método para producirlos |
ES2935920T3 (es) | 2012-03-30 | 2023-03-13 | Novozymes North America Inc | Procesos de elaboración de productos de fermentación |
US9856498B2 (en) | 2012-03-30 | 2018-01-02 | Novozymes A/S | Processes of producing fermentation products |
US8945889B2 (en) | 2012-05-11 | 2015-02-03 | Danisco Us Inc. | Method of using alpha-amylase from Aspergillus clavatus for saccharification |
MX2015002099A (es) | 2012-08-22 | 2015-05-11 | Dupont Nutrition Biosci Aps | Variantes que tienen actividad glucoamilasa. |
US9334516B2 (en) | 2013-03-14 | 2016-05-10 | Abengoa Bioenergy New Technologies, Inc. | Method for adding enzymes to obtain high ethanol yield from cereal mash |
CN105209629A (zh) * | 2013-04-10 | 2015-12-30 | 诺维信公司 | 用于水解淀粉的方法 |
WO2014177541A2 (en) | 2013-04-30 | 2014-11-06 | Novozymes A/S | Glucoamylase variants and polynucleotides encoding same |
DK3372680T3 (da) | 2013-04-30 | 2021-01-11 | Novozymes As | Glucoamylasevarianter og polynukleotider, som koder for dem |
US10093882B2 (en) | 2013-06-24 | 2018-10-09 | Novozymes A/S | Processes for recovering oil from fermentation product processes and processes for producing fermentation products |
US11939552B2 (en) | 2013-06-24 | 2024-03-26 | Novozymes A/S | Process of recovering oil |
WO2015031477A1 (en) * | 2013-08-30 | 2015-03-05 | Novozymes A/S | Enzyme composition and uses thereof |
WO2015032850A1 (en) * | 2013-09-05 | 2015-03-12 | Novozymes A/S | Method for production of brewers wort |
CN106574252B (zh) * | 2014-07-24 | 2021-06-01 | 扬森疫苗与预防公司 | 从细胞培养物中纯化脊髓灰质炎病毒的方法 |
WO2016044606A1 (en) * | 2014-09-17 | 2016-03-24 | Danisco Us Inc | Simultaneous saccharification and fermentation process in the presence of benzoate |
WO2017112540A1 (en) | 2015-12-22 | 2017-06-29 | Novozymes A/S | Processes for producing fermentation products |
WO2018075430A1 (en) | 2016-10-17 | 2018-04-26 | Novozymes A/S | Methods of reducing foam during ethanol fermentation |
BR112021000369A2 (pt) | 2018-07-11 | 2021-04-13 | Novozymes A/S | Processos para produção de produtos de fermentação |
CN113840919A (zh) | 2019-03-15 | 2021-12-24 | 丹尼斯科美国公司 | 用于消泡的改进的脂肪酶 |
CA3159662A1 (en) * | 2019-11-22 | 2021-05-27 | Novozymes A/S | Method for obtaining an oat-based product |
WO2023225459A2 (en) | 2022-05-14 | 2023-11-23 | Novozymes A/S | Compositions and methods for preventing, treating, supressing and/or eliminating phytopathogenic infestations and infections |
WO2024089126A1 (en) | 2022-10-28 | 2024-05-02 | Novozymes A/S | A method for obtaining a plant-based food ingredient |
Family Cites Families (92)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2515157A (en) | 1945-12-08 | 1950-07-11 | Staley Mfg Co A E | Treatment of corn steepwater |
US2497063A (en) | 1947-03-17 | 1950-02-14 | Corn Prod Refining Co | Process for the production of alkali metal phytates |
US2712516A (en) | 1950-06-17 | 1955-07-05 | Corn Prod Refining Co | Method of treating steep liquor |
US2718523A (en) | 1951-01-25 | 1955-09-20 | Staley Mfg Co A E | Preparation of phytic acid and soluble salts thereof by cation exchange |
US3449164A (en) | 1966-10-26 | 1969-06-10 | Nikex Nehezipari Kulkere | Chemical composition and method for the removal of beer stone |
NL6800875A (zh) * | 1968-01-19 | 1969-07-22 | ||
GB1304005A (zh) * | 1969-07-24 | 1973-01-24 | ||
BE795716A (fr) * | 1972-02-22 | 1973-08-21 | Glaxo Lab Ltd | Compositions enzymatiques thermostables |
US3922196A (en) * | 1974-01-28 | 1975-11-25 | Cpc International Inc | Enzymatic hydrolysis of granular starch |
JPS5646831B2 (zh) * | 1974-11-26 | 1981-11-05 | ||
JPS5534046A (en) | 1978-09-01 | 1980-03-10 | Cpc International Inc | Novel glucoamyrase having excellent heat resistance and production |
US4318927A (en) | 1979-06-07 | 1982-03-09 | Lifeline Products, Inc. | Method of producing low calorie alcoholic beverage with starch-degrading enzymes derived from Cladosporium resinae |
US4234686A (en) | 1979-06-07 | 1980-11-18 | Lifeline Products, Inc. | Starch-degrading enzymes derived from cladosporium resinae |
US4318989A (en) | 1979-06-07 | 1982-03-09 | Lifeline Products, Inc. | Starch-degrading enzymes from Cladosporium resinae |
US4316956A (en) * | 1980-02-06 | 1982-02-23 | Novo Industri A/S | Fermentation process |
JPS5718991A (en) | 1980-07-10 | 1982-01-30 | Ueda Kagaku Kogyo Kk | Liquefaction and saccharification of raw starch substance without steaming or boiling |
GB2089836B (en) * | 1980-12-16 | 1984-06-20 | Suntory Ltd | Process for producing alcohol by fermentation without cooking |
JPS57152888A (en) * | 1981-03-14 | 1982-09-21 | Mitsui Eng & Shipbuild Co Ltd | Alcoholic fermentation of raw potato by enzymatic process |
US4440792A (en) | 1982-09-07 | 1984-04-03 | A. E. Staley Manufacturing Company | Method for preventing gelation of corn steep liquor |
US4486458A (en) | 1982-09-07 | 1984-12-04 | A. E. Staley Manufacturing Company | Non-gelling corn steep liquor |
JPS59140896A (ja) * | 1983-01-17 | 1984-08-13 | Norin Suisansyo Shokuhin Sogo Kenkyusho | カララ属のカビの生産する酵素を用いた澱粉の糖化法 |
NO840200L (no) | 1983-01-28 | 1984-07-30 | Cefus Corp | Glukoamylase cdna. |
US4536477A (en) | 1983-08-17 | 1985-08-20 | Cpc International Inc. | Thermostable glucoamylase and method for its production |
EP0140410B2 (en) | 1983-09-11 | 1996-12-04 | Gist-Brocades N.V. | Novel enzyme product and its use in the saccharification of starch |
US4587215A (en) | 1984-06-25 | 1986-05-06 | Uop Inc. | Highly thermostable amyloglucosidase |
ATE95837T1 (de) | 1984-08-06 | 1993-10-15 | Genencor Inc | Enzymatische hydrolyse von koerniger staerke direkt bis zu glukose. |
US4618579A (en) * | 1984-09-28 | 1986-10-21 | Genencor, Inc. | Raw starch saccharification |
JPS62126989A (ja) * | 1985-11-26 | 1987-06-09 | Godo Shiyusei Kk | コルテイシウム属担子菌の生産する酵素を用いた澱粉質の無蒸煮糖化法 |
NL8702735A (nl) | 1987-11-17 | 1989-06-16 | Dorr Oliver Inc | Werkwijze voor het weken van granen met een nieuw enzympreparaat. |
US5554520A (en) * | 1988-08-31 | 1996-09-10 | Bioenergy International, L.C. | Ethanol production by recombinant hosts |
CN100359017C (zh) * | 1991-03-18 | 2008-01-02 | 佛罗里达大学研究基金会 | 通过重组宿主生产乙醇 |
US5231017A (en) * | 1991-05-17 | 1993-07-27 | Solvay Enzymes, Inc. | Process for producing ethanol |
JPH0799979A (ja) | 1993-09-30 | 1995-04-18 | Tax Adm Agency | 新規遺伝子、それを用いた形質転換体及び その利用 |
US5830732A (en) | 1994-07-05 | 1998-11-03 | Mitsui Toatsu Chemicals, Inc. | Phytase |
EP0788551A1 (en) | 1994-10-27 | 1997-08-13 | Genencor International Inc. | A method for improved raw material utilization in fermentation processes |
FR2729971B1 (fr) | 1995-01-31 | 1997-06-06 | Roquette Freres | Composition nutritive resultant de la trempe du mais et son procede d'obtention |
KR100511499B1 (ko) | 1995-02-03 | 2005-12-21 | 노보자임스 에이/에스 | 소정 특성을 가지는 알파-아밀라제 돌연변이체를 디자인하는 방법 |
KR19980702782A (ko) | 1995-03-09 | 1998-08-05 | 혼 마가렛 에이. | 녹말 액화 방법 |
RU2085590C1 (ru) | 1995-05-16 | 1997-07-27 | Всероссийский научно-исследовательский институт крахмалопродуктов | Способ получения сахаристых продуктов из ржи |
WO1997041213A1 (en) | 1996-04-30 | 1997-11-06 | Novo Nordisk A/S | α-AMYLASE MUTANTS |
FR2751333B1 (fr) | 1996-07-18 | 1998-09-25 | Roquette Freres | Composition nutritive amelioree resultant de la trempe du mais et son procede d'obtention |
SE507355C2 (sv) | 1996-09-18 | 1998-05-18 | Semper Ab | Förfarande för reducering av halten fytat i korn av spannmål |
US6060298A (en) | 1996-12-20 | 2000-05-09 | Novo Nordisk A/S | Peniophora phytase |
US7078035B2 (en) | 1997-08-13 | 2006-07-18 | Diversa Corporation | Phytases, nucleic acids encoding them and methods for making and using them |
US6183740B1 (en) | 1997-08-13 | 2001-02-06 | Diversa Corporation | Recombinant bacterial phytases and uses thereof |
US6187576B1 (en) | 1997-10-13 | 2001-02-13 | Novo Nordisk A/S | α-amylase mutants |
AU1434299A (en) | 1997-11-26 | 1999-06-16 | Novo Nordisk A/S | Thermostable glucoamylase |
US6156563A (en) | 1998-01-29 | 2000-12-05 | Board Of Supervisors Of Louisiana State University And Agricultural And Mechanical College | Method for clarifying cane sugar juice |
KR100764528B1 (ko) | 1998-07-15 | 2007-10-09 | 노보자임스 에이/에스 | 글루코아밀라제 변이체 |
US6197565B1 (en) | 1998-11-16 | 2001-03-06 | Novo-Nordisk A/S | α-Amylase variants |
US7074603B2 (en) | 1999-03-11 | 2006-07-11 | Zeachem, Inc. | Process for producing ethanol from corn dry milling |
CN1390252A (zh) * | 1999-11-10 | 2003-01-08 | 诺维信公司 | Fungamyl样α-淀粉酶变体 |
AU2001235360A1 (en) | 2000-02-23 | 2001-09-03 | Novozymes A/S | Fermentation with a phytase |
US20020006647A1 (en) | 2000-02-23 | 2002-01-17 | Novozymes A/S | Fermentation with a phytase |
CN2424304Y (zh) | 2000-06-15 | 2001-03-21 | 韩晓静 | 新型二冲程发动机 |
US6423145B1 (en) | 2000-08-09 | 2002-07-23 | Midwest Research Institute | Dilute acid/metal salt hydrolysis of lignocellulosics |
AU2002210409A1 (en) | 2000-11-10 | 2002-05-21 | Novozymes A/S | Ethanol process |
EP1335982A2 (en) | 2000-11-10 | 2003-08-20 | Novozymes A/S | Secondary liquefaction of starch in ethanol production |
WO2002048332A2 (en) | 2000-12-12 | 2002-06-20 | Diversa Corporation | Recombinant phytases and uses thereof |
CA2475416A1 (en) | 2002-02-08 | 2003-08-14 | Genencor International, Inc. | Methods for producing ethanol from carbon substrates |
DE60335965D1 (de) | 2002-02-08 | 2011-03-17 | Genencor Int | Verfahren zur herstellung von endprodukten aus kohlenstoffsubstraten |
RU2315811C2 (ru) * | 2002-02-14 | 2008-01-27 | Новозимс А/С | Способ обработки крахмала |
US20040115779A1 (en) | 2002-03-19 | 2004-06-17 | Olsen Hans Sejr | Fermentation process |
US20040063184A1 (en) * | 2002-09-26 | 2004-04-01 | Novozymes North America, Inc. | Fermentation processes and compositions |
AU2003295599A1 (en) | 2002-11-15 | 2004-06-15 | Novozymes North America, Inc. | Ethanol production by simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (ssf) |
US7048803B2 (en) | 2003-01-29 | 2006-05-23 | Jones-Hamilton Co. | Method of dissolving scale |
EP2166091A3 (en) | 2003-03-10 | 2015-06-10 | Novozymes A/S | Alcohol product processes |
US20050233030A1 (en) | 2004-03-10 | 2005-10-20 | Broin And Associates, Inc. | Methods and systems for producing ethanol using raw starch and fractionation |
AU2004219649A1 (en) * | 2003-03-10 | 2004-09-23 | Broin And Associates, Inc. | Method for producing ethanol using raw starch |
EP1613729A1 (en) | 2003-04-04 | 2006-01-11 | Novozymes A/S | Mash viscosity reduction |
WO2004106533A1 (en) | 2003-05-30 | 2004-12-09 | Novozymes A/S | Alcohol product processes |
US20040253696A1 (en) | 2003-06-10 | 2004-12-16 | Novozymes North America, Inc. | Fermentation processes and compositions |
WO2005089514A2 (en) | 2004-03-19 | 2005-09-29 | Novozymes North America, Inc | Liquefaction processes |
WO2005099476A1 (en) | 2004-04-06 | 2005-10-27 | Novozymes North America, Inc. | Improved distillation process |
CA2566252A1 (en) | 2004-05-13 | 2005-12-01 | Novozymes North America, Inc. | A process of producing a fermentation product |
US7413887B2 (en) | 2004-05-27 | 2008-08-19 | Genecor International, Inc. | Trichoderma reesei glucoamylase and homologs thereof |
WO2006104504A2 (en) | 2004-06-24 | 2006-10-05 | Cargill, Incorporated | Integrated fermentation product recycling |
GB0423139D0 (en) | 2004-10-18 | 2004-11-17 | Danisco | Enzymes |
CN101087887A (zh) | 2004-12-22 | 2007-12-12 | 诺维信公司 | 发酵产品方法 |
US8980598B2 (en) | 2005-06-14 | 2015-03-17 | Danisco Us Inc. | Dry solids staging fermentation process |
JP2009500152A (ja) | 2005-07-05 | 2009-01-08 | ユナイテッド・ユーティリティーズ・パブリック・リミテッド・カンパニー | バイオ廃棄物処理 |
FR2888249B1 (fr) | 2005-07-08 | 2007-08-17 | Adisseo France Sas Soc Par Act | Effet synergique de l'association de phytases sur l'hydrolyse de l'acide phytique |
US8216817B2 (en) | 2005-09-20 | 2012-07-10 | Novozymes North America, Inc. | Process of producing a fermentation product |
CN101304949A (zh) | 2005-11-08 | 2008-11-12 | 诺维信北美公司 | 酒糟脱水 |
EP1966386A4 (en) | 2005-12-22 | 2009-06-17 | Novozymes North America Inc | METHOD FOR PRODUCING A FERMENTATION PRODUCT |
US7968318B2 (en) | 2006-06-06 | 2011-06-28 | Genencor International, Inc. | Process for conversion of granular starch to ethanol |
BRPI0717181B1 (pt) | 2006-09-21 | 2022-04-05 | Basf Enzymes Llc | Ácido nucleico, cassete de expressão, vetor, veículo de clonagem, microrganismo transgênico, polipeptídeo de fitase, polipeptídeo imobilizado ou ácido nucleico imobilizado, processos de produção de um polipeptídeo recombinante, para hidrolisar um inositol-hexafosfato em inositol e fosfato inorgânico, para degomagem de óleo, para produção de um alimento, produto alimentício ou suplemento alimentar, para processamento de grãos de milho e de sorgo, alimento, produto alimentício ou suplemento alimentar, composição, e, uso de um polipeptídeo |
US20080220498A1 (en) | 2007-03-06 | 2008-09-11 | Cervin Marguerite A | Variant Buttiauxella sp. phytases having altered properties |
US20080299622A1 (en) | 2007-02-07 | 2008-12-04 | Paulson Bradley A | Starch Hydrolysis Using Phytase with an Alpha Amylase |
US20080286845A1 (en) | 2007-05-08 | 2008-11-20 | Novozymes A/S | Fermentation process |
WO2008141133A1 (en) | 2007-05-09 | 2008-11-20 | Novozymes North America, Inc. | Process of producing a fermentation product |
CN102405283B (zh) | 2009-04-17 | 2016-09-14 | 丹尼斯科美国公司 | 用于不进行pH调整的谷物加工的组合物和方法 |
-
2004
- 2004-03-10 EP EP09178591.5A patent/EP2166091A3/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2004-03-10 EP EP04718914A patent/EP1604019B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2004-03-10 WO PCT/DK2004/000154 patent/WO2004080923A2/en active Search and Examination
- 2004-03-10 DE DE602004024964T patent/DE602004024964D1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2004-03-10 AT AT04718914T patent/ATE454446T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2004-03-10 CN CN201110228314.3A patent/CN102277341B/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2004-03-10 CN CN2004800126822A patent/CN1788083B/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2004-03-10 DE DE04718914T patent/DE04718914T1/de active Pending
- 2004-03-10 US US10/797,393 patent/US20040219649A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2004-03-10 CN CN2011102283139A patent/CN102321705A/zh active Pending
- 2004-03-10 ES ES04718914T patent/ES2245621T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
2008
- 2008-06-13 US US12/138,681 patent/US8772001B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2014
- 2014-02-10 US US14/176,759 patent/US9670509B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2017
- 2017-04-24 US US15/495,027 patent/US20170226537A1/en not_active Abandoned
Cited By (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN101495642B (zh) * | 2006-08-11 | 2013-06-19 | 丹尼斯科美国公司 | 用于颗粒状淀粉水解的酶组合物中天然的谷物淀粉酶 |
CN101952409B (zh) * | 2007-12-12 | 2014-12-10 | 诺维信公司 | 酿造方法 |
CN102643865A (zh) * | 2012-04-18 | 2012-08-22 | 中国农业大学 | 一株黄曲霉在提高酒精产量中的应用 |
CN102643865B (zh) * | 2012-04-18 | 2014-01-08 | 中国农业大学 | 一株黄曲霉在提高酒精产量中的应用 |
CN104769106A (zh) * | 2012-10-10 | 2015-07-08 | 丹尼斯科美国公司 | 使用来自埃默森篮状菌(TALAROMYCES EMERSONII)的α-淀粉酶进行糖化的方法 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP1604019B1 (en) | 2010-01-06 |
WO2004080923A2 (en) | 2004-09-23 |
ATE454446T1 (de) | 2010-01-15 |
CN102277341B (zh) | 2015-07-22 |
ES2245621T3 (es) | 2010-05-19 |
DE602004024964D1 (de) | 2010-02-25 |
US9670509B2 (en) | 2017-06-06 |
EP2166091A2 (en) | 2010-03-24 |
US8772001B2 (en) | 2014-07-08 |
EP1604019A2 (en) | 2005-12-14 |
EP2166091A3 (en) | 2015-06-10 |
CN102277341A (zh) | 2011-12-14 |
ES2245621T1 (es) | 2006-01-16 |
CN1788083B (zh) | 2011-10-05 |
US20140154764A1 (en) | 2014-06-05 |
WO2004080923A3 (en) | 2004-12-16 |
US20040219649A1 (en) | 2004-11-04 |
CN102321705A (zh) | 2012-01-18 |
US20170226537A1 (en) | 2017-08-10 |
US20090017511A1 (en) | 2009-01-15 |
DE04718914T1 (de) | 2006-02-23 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
CN1788083A (zh) | 酒精产品生产方法 | |
CN1633503A (zh) | 淀粉加工方法 | |
US9145537B2 (en) | Mashing process | |
CN1045996C (zh) | 制备乙醇的方法 | |
CN1246455C (zh) | α-淀粉酶变体 | |
DK2222830T3 (en) | A method of mashing | |
CN1654641A (zh) | Fungamyl样α-淀粉酶变体 | |
CN1671833A (zh) | 糖化方法 | |
CN1918277A (zh) | 糖化工艺 | |
CN1564866A (zh) | 自加工的植物及植物部分 | |
CN1360630A (zh) | 葡糖淀粉酶变体 | |
US20060083819A1 (en) | Beer mashing process | |
CN1726280A (zh) | 耐热的α-淀粉酶 | |
CN1798847A (zh) | 酒精产品生产工艺 | |
WO2007144393A1 (en) | Mashing process | |
WO2014060474A1 (en) | Method for production of brewers wort | |
CN102186965A (zh) | 酿造方法 | |
CN1813068A (zh) | 淀粉水解的方法 | |
US8765199B2 (en) | Mashing process | |
WO2023114987A1 (en) | Production of clean starch hydrolysates |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
C06 | Publication | ||
PB01 | Publication | ||
C10 | Entry into substantive examination | ||
SE01 | Entry into force of request for substantive examination | ||
C14 | Grant of patent or utility model | ||
GR01 | Patent grant | ||
CF01 | Termination of patent right due to non-payment of annual fee |
Granted publication date: 20111005 Termination date: 20190310 |
|
CF01 | Termination of patent right due to non-payment of annual fee |