CN1524653A - 硬质被覆层发挥耐卷刃性的表面被覆金属陶瓷制切削工具 - Google Patents
硬质被覆层发挥耐卷刃性的表面被覆金属陶瓷制切削工具 Download PDFInfo
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- 239000002345 surface coating layer Substances 0.000 title 1
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 130
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- 238000005229 chemical vapour deposition Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 10
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- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 3
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- 239000010937 tungsten Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tin Chemical compound [Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 9
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Abstract
一种耐卷刃性良好的表面被覆金属陶瓷制切削工具。在由WC基超硬合金或TiCN基金属陶瓷构成的工具基体的表面上形成下述(a)和(b)构成的金属被覆层,(a)作为下部层,是由TiC层、TiN层、TiCN层、TiCO层及TiCNO层之中的一层或两层以上构成,且具有3~20μm的合计平均层厚的Ti化合物层,(b)作为上部层,是在具有α型结晶结构,并测定上述晶粒的结晶面即(0001)面相对于上述表面研磨面的法线的倾斜角,按每0.25度的间距来划分表示上述各个晶粒的0~45度范围内的测定倾斜角、按每个分区来总计存在于各分区内的测定倾斜角而作成的柱形曲线图中,在0~10度范围内的倾斜角分区中出现最高峰值,而且具有1~30μm平均层厚的α型Al2O3层。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及特别是在各种钢和铸铁等的高速断续切削中,硬质被覆层发挥良好的耐卷刃性的表面被覆金属陶瓷制切削工具(以下,称为被覆金属陶瓷工具)。
背景技术
历来知道,被覆金属陶瓷工具一般是在用碳化钨(以下,用WC表示)基超硬合金或碳氮化钛(以下,用TiCN表示)基金属陶瓷所构成的基体(以下,将这些总称为工具基体)的表面上,
(a)作为下部层,由均进行化学蒸镀形成的Ti的碳化物(以下用TiC表示)层、氮化物(以下用TiN表示)层、碳氮化物(以下用TiCN表示)层、氧化物(以下用TiO表示)层、碳氧化物(以下用TiCO表示)层、及碳氮氧化物(以下用TiCNO表示)层之中的一层或两层以上构成,并且具有0.5~20μm的总平均层厚的Ti化合物层,
(b)作为上部层,在进行化学蒸镀而形成的状态下具有α型的结晶构造,而且具有1~30μm的平均层厚的氧化铝层(以下用α型Al2O3层表示),
进行化学蒸镀形成(以下简单地称为蒸镀形成)由以上(a)和(b)构成的硬质被覆层,众所周知,该被覆金属陶瓷工具例如用于各种钢或铸铁等的连续切削和断续切削。
另外,一般还知道,构成上述被覆金属陶瓷工具的硬质被覆层的Ti化合物层和α型Al2O3层具有粒状结晶组织,并且构成上述Ti化合物层的TiCN层,为了提高层自身的强度,是用通常的化学蒸镀装置,使用含有机碳氮化物的混合气体作为反应气体,在700~950℃的中温温度区域通过进行化学蒸镀而形成的,且具有纵长生长结晶组织。
[专利文献1]特开平6-31503号公报
[专利文献2]特开平6-8010号公报
近年来,切削装置向高性能方向的发展是惊人的,另一方面,对切削加工的省力化和节省能源、且降低成本的要求很强烈,随之,除了切削加工有更加高速化的倾向以外,在高进刀量和高送进量等苛刻切削条件下的切削加工处于不得已的状况,但上述现有被覆金属陶瓷工具中,虽然将它用于钢或铸铁等在通常条件下的连续切削和断续切削的场合没有问题,但特别是将它用于切削条件最苛刻的高速断续切削、即在极短的间距内对切削刃部反复施加热冲击的高速断续切削的场合,构成硬质被覆层的α型Al2O3层虽然硬质且耐热性良好,但不具有足够的强度,因此,由于此原因,硬质被覆层易产生卷刃(tipping),其结果,在比较短的时间内便达到使用寿命,这是现状。
发明内容
于是,本发明者等从上述观点出发,着眼于上述α型Al2O3层构成硬质被覆层的被覆金属陶瓷工具,为提高该工具的耐卷刃性而进行研究的结果,得到以下(a)和(b)所示的研究结果。
(a)在工具基体的表面上,在蒸镀形成作为硬质被覆层的α型Al2O3层时,例如在蒸镀形成该层之前,用通常的化学蒸镀装置,在
反应气体成分:以容量%计,AlO3:3~10%,CO2:0.5~3%,C2H4:0.01~0.3%,H2:其余部分,
反应气氛温度:750~900℃,
反应气氛压力:3~13kPa,的较低温度条件下,在作为下部层的Ti化合物层的表面上形成Al2O3核,在这种场合,上述Al2O3核最好是具有20~200nm平均层厚的Al2O3核薄膜(以下称为Al2O3核薄膜),接着,在将反应气氛变成压力为3~13kPa的氢气气氛、将反应气氛温度升温至1100~1200℃的条件下,在对上述Al2O3核薄膜进行了加热处理的状态下,按通常的条件形成作为硬质被覆层的α型Al2O3层时,其结果,蒸镀形成在上述加热处理Al2O3核薄膜上的α型Al2O3层,用场致发射型扫描电子显微镜,如图1示意图所示那样,对存在于表面研磨面的测定范围内的、具有六方晶结晶格子的各个α型Al2O3晶粒照射电子射线,并测定上述晶粒的结晶面、即(0001)面相对于上述表面研磨面的法线的倾斜角,按每0.25度的间距分区表示上述各个晶粒的0~45度范围内的测定倾斜角,按每个分区总计存在于各分区内的测定倾斜角而作成柱形曲线图的场合,如图2所例示那样,表示在0~10度范围内的较窄范围出现倾斜角分区的最高峰值的柱形曲线图,另外,上述现有α型Al2O3层如图3所例示的那样,表示在25~35度较大范围内出现倾斜角分区平稳的最高峰值的柱形曲线图。
(b)蒸镀形成在上述加热处理Al2O3核薄膜上的α型Al2O3层与上述现有α型Al2O3层相比,强度显著地提高,故将它作为硬质被覆层的上部层而蒸镀形成后的被覆金属陶瓷工具与同样地蒸镀形成有上述现有α型Al2O3层的现有被覆金属陶瓷工具相比,发挥更良好的耐卷刃性。
本发明是基于上述研究结果而得到的,是一种硬质被覆层发挥良好的耐卷刃性的被覆金属陶瓷工具,在由WC基超硬合金或TiCN基金属陶瓷所构成的工具基体的表面上,蒸镀形成下述(a)和(b)构成的硬质被覆层,
(a)作为下部层,由均进行了化学蒸镀成的TiC层、TiN层、TiCN层、TiO层、TiCO层及TiCNO层之中的一层或两层以上构成,并且具有0.5~20μm的总体平均层厚的Ti化合物,
(b)作为上部层,在进行了化学蒸镀的状态下具有α型结晶结构,在用场致发射型扫描电子显微镜,将电子射线照射在存在于表面研磨面的测定范围内的、具有六方晶结晶格子的各个晶粒上,并测定上述晶粒的结晶面、即(0001)面相对于上述表面研磨面的法线的倾斜角,按每0.25度的间距分区表示上述各个晶粒的0~45度范围内的测定倾斜角、按每个分区来总计存在于各分区内的测定倾斜角而构成的柱形曲线图中,在0~10度范围内的倾斜角分区中出现最高峰值,而且具有1~30μm的平均层厚的α型Al2O3层。
另外,本发明的被覆金属陶瓷工具的硬质被覆层的构成层的平均层厚按如上所述那样进行限定,这是由以下所示的理由决定的。
(a)Ti化合物层
Ti化合物层基本上作为α型Al2O3层的下部层存在,因自身具备的良好的强度,硬质被覆层变得具有强度,除此以外,工具基体和α型Al2O3层的任何部位都牢固地密合,这样,具有利于提高硬质被覆层与工具基体的密合性的作用,但其平均层厚如果小于0.5μm,则不能充分发挥上述作用,另一方面,其平均层厚若超过20μm,则特别是在伴随着产生高热量的高速断续切削中,易引起热塑性变形,这成为产生偏磨损的原因,因此,将其平均层厚规定为0.5~20μm。
(b)α型Al2O3层
如上所述,形成于加热处理Al2O3核薄膜上的α型Al2O3层,因Al2O3自身具有的高硬度和良好的耐热性,使硬质被覆层的耐磨性提高,并且,与现有技术的α型Al2O3层相比,具有良好的强度,因此,具有更加提高硬质被覆层的耐卷刃性的作用,但其平均层厚若小于1μm,则不能充分发挥上述作用,另一方面,其平均层厚若超过30μm而过厚时,则容易产生卷刃,因此,将其平均层厚规定为1~30μm。
(c)热处理Al2O3核薄膜
本发明的被覆金属陶瓷工具的硬质被覆层、即α型Al2O3层在柱形曲线图中表示出最高峰值的倾斜角分区与加热处理Al2O3核薄膜的比例之间有密切的关系,如果上述加热处理Al2O3核薄膜的比例过少,则难以使出现最高峰值的倾斜角分区在0~10度范围内,在这种情况下,如上所述,由于蒸镀形成于其上面的α型Al2O3层不能确保所希望的良好的强度,因此,耐卷刃性的提高效果也不充分是不可避免的,最好,平均层厚在20nm以上,更理想的是平均层厚在30nm以上为好,另一方面,如果该比例过多,则难以使出现最高峰值的倾斜角分区在0~10度范围内,最好,平均层厚在200nm以下,更理想的是平均层厚在150nm以下为好,因此,在蒸镀形成上述α型Al2O3层之前,在构成硬质被覆层的Ti化合物层上面所形成的上述Al2O3核薄膜,同样,最好平均层厚为20~200nm,更理想的是平均层厚为30~150nm为好。
另外,为了识别被覆金属陶瓷是在使用前或使用后,也可以根据需要蒸镀形成具有黄金色的色调的TiN层作为硬质被覆层的最表面层,但在这种情况下平均层厚为0.1~1μm即可,这是因为若小于0.1μm,则不能获得充分的识别效果,另一方面,在达到1μm的平均层厚的情况下,用上述TiN层的上述识别效果是很充分的。
本发明的被覆金属陶瓷工具,即使机械性热冲击力极大、而且伴随着产生高的发热量的各种钢或铸钢的高速断续切削,构成硬质被覆层的α型Al2O3层如图2所示,表示出在0~10度范围内的倾斜角分区中出现最高峰值的柱形曲线图,由于发挥良好的耐卷刃性,故显示了良好的耐磨损性、长时期的良好切削性能。
附图说明
图1是表示构成硬质被覆层的各种α型Al2O3层的晶粒之(0001)面的倾斜角的测定范围的示意图。
图2是本发明被覆金属陶瓷工具10的、构成硬质被覆层的α型Al2O3层的(0001)面之柱形曲线图。
图3是现有技术的被覆金属陶瓷工具10的、构成硬质被覆层的α型Al2O3层的(0001)面之柱形曲线图。
具体实施形式
下面,用实施例对该发明的被覆金属陶瓷具体地进行说明。
[实施例]
作为原料粉末,准备均具有1~3μm平均粒径的WC粉末、TiC粉末、ZrC粉末、VC粉末、TaC粉末、NbC粉末、Cr3C2粉末、TiN粉末、TaN粉末及Co粉末,将这些原料粉末配合成表1所示的配合成分,再加入蜡在丙酮中用球磨机混合24小时,进行减压干燥后,以98MPa的压力,压力成形为规定形状的压粉体,将该压粉体在5Pa的真空中、在1370~1470℃范围内的规定温度下保持1小时的条件下进行真空烧结,烧结后对切削刃部进行R为0.07mm的珩磨加工,这样,分别制造出具有1SO·CNMG 120408所规定的多刃刀片形状的WC基超硬合金制的工具基体A~F。
另外,作为原料粉末,准备均具有0.5~2μm平均粒径的TiCN(以质量比计,TiC/TiN=50/50)粉末、Mo2C粉末、ZrC粉末、NbC粉末、TaC粉末、WC粉末、Co粉末及Ni粉末,将这些原料粉末配合成表2所示的配合成分,用球磨机进行24小时湿式混合,再进行干燥之后,以98MPa的压力,压力成形为压粉体,将该压粉体在1.3kPa的氮气气氛中、1540℃的温度下保持1小时的条件进行烧结,烧结后对切削刃部分进行R为0.07mm的珩磨加工,这样,制成具有ISO标准·CNMG120412的刀片形状的TiCN基金属陶瓷制的工具基体a~f。
接着,用通常的化学蒸镀装置,首先在表3(表3中的1-TiCN是表示具有特开平6-8010号公报所述的纵长生长结晶组织的TiCN层的形成条件,除此以外是表示通常的粒状结晶组织的形成条件)所示的条件下,在这些工具基体A~F和工具基体a~f的表面上,蒸镀形成表4所示的目标层厚度的Ti化合物层作为硬质被覆层的下部层,然后在:
反应气体组成:以容量%计,AlCl3:6.5%,CO2:1.6%,C2H4:0.13%,H2:其余部分,
反应气氛温度:820℃,
反应气氛压力:8kPa,
时间:5~80分,的低温条件下,形成表4所示的目标层厚度Al2O3核薄膜后(上述Al2O3核薄膜层厚度与处理时间的关系,同上述Ti化合物层的场合一样,预先通过实验进行了调查),在将反应气氛改变成压力为8kPa的氢气气氛、将反应气氛温度升温到1135℃的条件下,对上述Al2O3核薄膜进行加热处理,接着,同样在表3所示的条件下,同样地蒸镀形成表4所示的目标层厚度的α型Al2O3层作为硬质被覆层的上部层,并且,根据需要,同样地在表3所示的条件下,在上述α型Al2O3层的上面蒸镀形成表4所示的目标层厚度的TiN层作为硬质被覆层的最表面层,这样,分别制造出本发明被覆金属陶瓷工具1~13。
另外,为了进行比较,如表5所示,在形成硬质被覆层即α型Al2O3层之前,不进行上述的Al2O3核薄膜的形成及其加热处理,除此以外,在同样的条件下,分别制造出现有的被覆金属陶瓷工具1~13。
并且,用场致发射型扫描电子显微镜,对上述的本发明被覆金属陶瓷工具1~13和现有技术的被覆金属陶瓷工具1~13的构成硬质被覆层的α型Al2O3层分别作成柱形曲线图。
也就是说,上述柱形曲线图是这样作成的,即,以将上述α型Al2O3层的表面作为研磨面的状态,安置在致场发射型扫描电子显微镜的镜筒内,以与上述硬磨面构成70度的入射角度将15kV的加速电压的电子射线用1nA的照射电流照射在存在于上述表面研磨面的测定范围内的、具有六方晶结晶格子的各个晶粒上,用电子后方散射衍射像装置,将30×50μm区域按0.1μm/step的间隔测定上述晶粒的结晶面即(0001)面相对于上述表面研磨面的法线的倾斜角,基于该测定结果,将表示上述各晶粒的0~45度范围内的测定倾斜角按每隔0.25度的间距进行划分,按每个分区总计存在于各分区内的测定倾斜角而作成的。
将该结果所得到的各种α型Al2O3层的柱形曲线图中(0001)面表示最高峰值的倾斜角分区分别示于表6。
另外,图2是表示本发明被覆金属陶瓷工具10的α型Al2O3层的柱形曲线图,图3是表示现有的被覆陶瓷工具10的α型Al2O3层的柱形曲线图。
又,将该结果所得到的本发明被覆金属陶瓷工具1~13和现有被覆陶瓷工具1~13的硬质被覆层的构成层的厚度用扫描型电子显微镜进行测定(测定纵断面)后,实际上均与目标层厚度相同,表示了平均层厚度(测定5点的平均值)。
对上述本发明被覆金属陶瓷工具1~13的硬质被覆层的加热处理Al2O3核薄膜测定层厚是极为困难的。
然后,将上述各种被覆金属陶瓷工具均用固定夹具螺钉固定在工具钢制车刀(bite)的前端部上,在这种状态下,对本发明被覆金属陶瓷工具1~7和现有被覆金属陶瓷工具1~7,在以下条件下进行合金钢的干式高速断续切削试验(通常的切削速度为250m/min)。
被切削材:JIS·SCM440的长度方向等间隔地安置4个带纵槽的圆棒材
切削速度:350m/min
进刀量:1mm
送进量:0.25mm/rev
切削时间:5分钟在以下条件下进行碳素钢的干式高速断续切削试验(通常的切削速度为300m/min)。
被切削材:JIS·S45C的长度方向等间隔地安置4个带纵槽的圆棒材
切削速度:400m/min
进刀量:1mm
送进量:0.25mm/rev
切削时间:5分钟另外,在以下条件下进行铸铁的干式高速断续切削试验(通常的切削速度为300m/min)。
被切削材:JIS·FC300的长度方向等间隔地安置4个带纵槽的圆棒材
切削速度:450m/min
进刀量:1.5mm
送进量:0.25mm/rev
切削时间:5分钟
另外,对本发明被覆金属陶瓷工具8~13和现有被覆金属陶瓷工具8~13,在以下条件下进行合金钢的干式高速断续切削试验(通常的切削速度为250m/min)。
被切削材:JIS·SCM440的长度方向等间隔地安置4个带纵槽的圆棒材
切削速度:400m/min
进刀量:0.7mm
送进量:0.15mm/rev
切削时间:5分钟在以下条件下进行碳素钢的干式高速断续切削试验(通常的切削速度为300m/min)。
被切削材:JIS·S45C的长度方向等间隔地安置4个带纵槽的圆棒材
切削速度:400m/min
进刀量:0.7mm
送进量:0.15mm/rev
切削时间:5分钟在以下条件下进行铸铁的干式高速断续切削试验(通常的切削速度为300m/min)。
被切削材:JIS·FC300的长度方向等间隔地安置4个带纵槽的圆棒材
切削速度:450m/min
进刀量:0.7mm
送进量:0.15mm/rev
切削时间:5分钟在任一种切削试验中都测定了切削刃的后隙面磨损宽度。将该测定结果示于表6。
表1
种类 | 配合成分(质量%) | ||||||||||
Co | TiC | ZrC | VC | TaC | NbC | Cr3C2 | TiN | TaN | WC | ||
工具基体 | A | 7 | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | - | 其余 |
B | 5.7 | - | - | - | 1.5 | 0.5 | - | - | - | 其余 | |
C | 5.7 | - | - | - | - | - | 1 | - | - | 其余 | |
D | 8.5 | - | 0.5 | - | - | - | 0.5 | - | - | 其余 | |
E | 12.5 | 2 | - | - | - | - | - | 1 | 2 | 其余 | |
F | 14 | - | - | 0.2 | - | - | 0.8 | - | - | 其余 |
表2
种类 | 配合成分(质量%) | ||||||||
Co | Ni | ZrC | TaC | NbC | Mo2C | WC | TiCN | ||
工具基体 | a | 13 | 5 | - | 10 | - | 10 | 16 | 其余 |
b | 8 | 7 | - | 5 | - | 7.5 | - | 其余 | |
c | 5 | - | - | - | - | 6 | 10 | 其余 | |
d | 10 | 5 | - | 11 | 2 | - | - | 其余 | |
e | 9 | 4 | 1 | 8 | - | 10 | 10 | 其余 | |
f | 12 | 5.5 | - | 10 | - | 9.5 | 14.5 | 其余 |
表3
硬质被覆层的构成层种类(数字表示原子比) | 形成条件(反应气氛的压力以kPa表示,温度以℃表示) | ||
反应气体成分(容量%) | 反应气氛 | ||
压力 | 温度 | ||
TiC | TiCl4:4.2%,CH4:8.5%,H2:其余 | 7 | 1020 |
TiN(第1层) | TiCl4:4.2%,N2:30%,H2:其余 | 30 | 900 |
TiN(其它层) | TiCl4:4.2%,N2:35%,H2:其余 | 50 | 1040 |
1-TiC0.5N0.5 | TiCl4:4.2%,N2:20%,CH3CN:0.6%,H2:其余 | 7 | 1000 |
TiC0.5N0.5 | TiCl4:4.2%,N2:20%,CH4:4%,H2:其余 | 12 | 1020 |
TiC0.5O0.5 | TiCl4:4.2%,CO:4%,H2:其余 | 7 | 1020 |
TiC0.3N0.3O0.4 | TiCl4:4.2%,CO:3%,CH4:3%,N2:20%,H2:其余 | 20 | 1020 |
α型Al2O3 | AlCl3:2.2%,CO2:5.5%,HCl:2.2%,H2S:0.2%、H2:其余 | 7 | 1000 |
表4
种类 | 工具基本代号 | 硬质被覆层(括号内:目标层厚:nm除此以外为μm) | |||||||
第1层 | 第2层 | 第3层 | 第4层 | 第5层 | 第6层 | 第7层 | |||
本发明被覆金属陶瓷工具 | 1 | A | TiN(1) | 1-TiCN(17.5) | TiN(1) | TiCNO(0.5) | Al2O3核薄膜(50nm) | α型Al2O3(3) | - |
2 | B | TiN(1) | 1-TiCN(4) | TiC(4) | TiCNO(1) | Al2O3核薄膜(80nm) | α型Al2O3(8) | TiN(0.3) | |
3 | C | TiN(1) | 1-TiCN(4.5) | TiCNO(0.5) | Al2O3核薄膜(50nm) | α型Al2O3(15) | - | - | |
4 | D | TiN(0.5) | 1-TiCN(10) | TiC(2) | TiCNO(0.3) | Al2O3核薄膜(100nm) | α型Al2O3(3) | - | |
5 | D | TiC(1) | 1-TiCN(4) | TiCNO(1) | Al2O3核薄膜(20nm) | α型Al2O3(15) | - | - | |
6 | E | TiC(0.5) | 1-TiCN(9) | TiCO(0.5) | Al2O3核薄膜(50nm) | α型Al2O3(8) | - | - | |
7 | F | TiN(1) | TiC(1) | 1-TiCN(8) | Al2O3核薄膜(150nm) | α型Al2O3(5) | TiN(0.1) | - | |
8 | a | TiCN(1) | 1-TiCN(8.5) | TiCO(0.5) | Al2O3核薄膜(200nm) | α型Al2O3(10) | - | - | |
9 | b | TiC(1) | 1-TiCN(9) | Al2O3核薄膜(100nm) | α型Al2O3(5) | TiN(1) | - | - | |
10 | c | TiN(0.5) | 1-TiCN(1.5) | TiC(0.5) | TiCNO(0.5) | Al2O3核薄膜(80nm) | α型Al2O3(20) | - | |
11 | d | TiN(1) | TiCN(19) | Al2O3核薄膜(100nm) | α型Al2O3(1) | - | - | - | |
12 | e | TiN(1) | TiC(1) | TiCN(7) | TiCO(1) | Al2O3核薄膜(30nm) | α型Al2O3(10) | TiN(0.1) | |
13 | f | TiCN(0.5) | TiC(2) | TiCNO(0.5) | Al2O3核薄膜(80nm) | α型Al2O3(30) | TiN(0.3) | - |
表5
种类 | 工具基本代号 | 硬质被覆层(括号内:目标层厚:μm) | |||||||
第1层 | 第2层 | 第3层 | 第4层 | 第5层 | 第6层 | ||||
现有被覆金属陶瓷工具 | 12345 | A | TiN(1) | 1-TiCN(17.5) | TiN(1) | TiCNO(0.5) | α型Al2O3(3) | - | |
B | TiN(1) | 1-TiCN(4) | TiC(4) | TiCNO(1) | α型Al2O3(8) | TiN(0.3) | |||
C | TiN(1) | 1-TiCN(4.5) | TiCNO(0.5) | α型Al2O3(15) | - | - | |||
D | TiN(0.5) | 1-TiCN(10) | TiC(2) | TiCNO(0.3) | α型Al2O3(3) | - | |||
D | TiC(1) | 1-TiCN(4) | TiCNO(1) | α型Al2O3(15) | - | - | |||
6 | E | TiC(0.5) | 1-TiCN(9) | TiCO(0.5) | α型Al2O3(8) | - | |||
7 | F | TiN(1) | TiC(1) | 1-TiCN(8) | α型Al2O3(5) | TiN(0.1) | - | ||
8 | a | TiCN(1) | 1-TiCN(8.5) | TiCO(0.5) | α型Al2O3(10) | - | - | ||
9 | b | TiC(1) | 1-TiCN(9) | α型Al2O3(5) | TiN(1) | - | - | ||
10 | c | TiN(0.5) | 1-TiCN(1.5) | TiC(0.5) | TiCNO(0.5) | α型Al2O3(20) | - | ||
11 | d | TiN(1) | TiCN(19) | α型Al2O3(1) | - | - | - | ||
12 | e | TiN(1) | TiC(1) | TiCN(7) | TiCO(1) | α型Al2O3(10) | TiN(0.1) | ||
13 | f | TiCN(0.5) | TiC(2) | TiCNO(0.5) | α型Al2O3(30) | TiN(0.5) | - |
由表4~表6所示的结果可知,本发明被覆金属陶瓷工具1~13的α型Al2O3层的(0001)面在柱形曲线图中都以0~10度范围内的倾斜角分区表示最高峰值,即使机械性热冲击极大、而且伴随着产生很高发热量的钢和铸铁的高速继续切削,构成硬质被覆层的上部层的上述α型Al2O3层也发挥良好的耐卷刃性,故可以显著地抑制切削刃部产生卷刃,显示良好的耐磨损性,而硬质被覆层的上部层在上述柱形曲线图中以25~35度范围内的倾斜角分区表示最高峰值的、由α型Al2O3层构成的现有被覆金属陶瓷工具1~13,在高速断续切削时,上述α型Al2O3层不耐激烈的机械性热冲击、在切削刃部产生卷刃,在比较短的时间内就达到使用寿命。
如上所述,本发明的被覆金属陶瓷工具,各种钢和铸铁等在通常条件下的连续切削和断续切削不必说了,特别是即使是机械性热冲击极大、而且伴随着产生很高发热量的切削条件最苛刻的高速断续切削,也显示出良好的耐卷刃性,在较长时期内发挥良好的切削性能,因此,可以充分地适应切削装置的高性能化及切削加工的省力化、节能化、低成本化。
Claims (1)
1.一种硬质被覆层发挥耐卷刃性的表面被覆金属陶瓷制切削工具,在由碳化钨基超硬合金或碳氮化钛基金属陶瓷所构成的工具基体的表面上,形成下述的(a)和(b)构成的硬质被覆层,
(a)作为下部层,是由均进行了化学蒸镀的Ti的碳化物层、氮化物层、碳氮化物层、氧化物、碳氧化物层及碳氮氧化物层之中的一层或两层以上构成,并且具有0.5~20μm的总平均层厚的Ti化合物层,
(b)作为上部层,是在进行了化学蒸镀的状态下具有α型结晶结构,在用场致发射型扫描电子显微镜,将电子射线照射在存在于表面研磨面的测定范围内的、具有六方晶结晶格子的各个晶粒上,并测定上述晶粒的结晶面、即(0001)面相对于上述表面研磨面的法线的倾斜角,按每0.25度的间距来分区表示上述各个晶粒的0~45度范围内的测定倾斜角、按每个分区来总计存在于各分区内的测定倾斜角而作成的柱形曲线图中,在0~10度范围内的倾斜角分区中出现最高峰值,而且具有1~30μm的平均层厚的氧化铝层。
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
JP2004284003A (ja) | 2004-10-14 |
EP1479791A2 (en) | 2004-11-24 |
USRE41111E1 (en) | 2010-02-09 |
US20040224159A1 (en) | 2004-11-11 |
EP1479791B1 (en) | 2008-01-30 |
US7201956B2 (en) | 2007-04-10 |
DE602004011582D1 (de) | 2008-03-20 |
DE602004011582T2 (de) | 2008-05-21 |
ATE385266T1 (de) | 2008-02-15 |
EP1479791A3 (en) | 2006-06-21 |
CN100430170C (zh) | 2008-11-05 |
KR100993152B1 (ko) | 2010-11-09 |
KR20040078062A (ko) | 2004-09-08 |
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