CN1260782A - 制备用作环氧酶-2抑制剂的2-芳基-3-芳基-5-卤代吡啶的方法 - Google Patents

制备用作环氧酶-2抑制剂的2-芳基-3-芳基-5-卤代吡啶的方法 Download PDF

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CN1260782A
CN1260782A CN98806186A CN98806186A CN1260782A CN 1260782 A CN1260782 A CN 1260782A CN 98806186 A CN98806186 A CN 98806186A CN 98806186 A CN98806186 A CN 98806186A CN 1260782 A CN1260782 A CN 1260782A
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P·J·普耶
A·马利尔卡
K·罗森
R·P·沃兰特
J·萨格尔
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Abstract

本发明包括用于治疗环氧酶-2介导的疾病的式Ⅰ化合物的制备方法。

Description

制备用作环氧酶-2抑制剂的2-芳基-3-芳基-5-卤代吡啶的方法
本发明背景
本发明涉及制备某些抗炎化合物的方。具体地说,该申请涉及如下文所公开的式I化合物的制备方法,该类化合物为有效的环氧酶-2抑制剂。
通过抑制***素G/H合成酶也称作环氧酶,非甾体抗炎药发挥它们的大多数抗炎、镇痛和解热活性并且抑制激素介导的子宫收缩和一定类型的癌症生长。直到最近才仅有一种形式的环氧酶已经得到鉴定,此即最初在牛精囊中鉴定的环氧酶-1或者该组成酶。最近对于环氧酶的第二种诱导形式(环氧酶-2)的基因已经从小鸡、鼠和人源进行了克隆、序列分析和鉴定。该酶不同于目前已经从绵羊、鼠和人源进行克隆,序列分析和鉴定的环氧酶-1。环氧酶的第二种形式环氧酶-2迅速地和容易地由多种药物包括促细胞***剂、内毒素、激素、细胞因子和生长因子所诱导。因为***素具有生理和病理两方面的作用,我们已经推断,组成酶即环氧酶-1很大程度上引起***素的内源性基础释放,并且因此在它们的生理功能如维持胃肠完整和肾血流方面是重要的。相反,我们已经推断诱导形式环氧酶-2主要引起***素的病理作用,在这方面该酶的迅速介导将应答于这样的药物如致炎剂、激素、生长因子和细胞因子。因此,环氧酶-2选择性抑制剂将具有相似于常规非甾体抗炎药的抗炎、解热和镇痛性质,并且另外可抑制激素诱导的子宫收缩和具有潜在的抗癌作用,但是对于诱发与机理相关的某些副作用具有减少的能力。特别地,这样的化合物对于胃肠道毒性具有减少的潜力,对于肾的副作用具有减少的潜力、对于出血时间具有缩短作用和对于阿司匹林敏感的哮喘患者诱发哮喘发作具有可能减小的能力。
1996年8月15日公开的WO 96/24585和1996年4月4日公开的WO 96/10012公开了制备2-芳基-3-芳基-吡啶的方法。在如下文公开的本发明中,以一个简单的从容易得到的起始原料经一步缩合的实施来制备2-芳基-3-芳基-吡啶。因此,该方法令人惊奇地比先前所描述的通过一系列步骤把芳基基团加成到中心吡啶环上来构造2-芳基-3-芳基-吡啶的方法更便利和有效。此外本发明的方法也是令人惊奇地优越,其中既不需要昂贵的钯试剂也不需要先前技术过程的combersome保护/去保护步骤。
2-氯丙二醛的制备首先由Diekmann在1904年完成(W.Dieckmann,L Platz,Ber.Deut.Chem.Ges.1904,37,4638)。2-卤代丙二醛的化学在1975年得到详尽的综述(C.Reichardt和K.Halbritter,Angew.Chem.Int.Ed.1975,14,86)。该综述并未提及使用这些试剂合成吡啶。对于制备吡啶在最近的专利申请中仅记录2-氯丙二醛的使用(F.J.Urban,US 5,206,367属于Pfizer和Brackeen,M.和Howard,H.R.欧洲专利申请号89307339.5(EP 0 352 959)属于Pfizer),其中氯代丙二醛首先转化为2,3-二氯丙烯醛,随后与衍生于1,3-环己二酮的烯胺缩合,以28%的收率得到成环吡啶。
最近吡啶合成和反应性的综述(D.Spitzner在Methoden derOrganischen Chemie(Houben-Weyl),第286-686页,第E7b卷,编者R.P.Kreher,1992,Georg Thieme Verlag)对于使用卤代丙二醛合成吡啶未给出实例。硝基丙二醛已经与2-氨基-巴豆酸乙酯缩合得到5-硝基吡啶,即使收率较低(35-50%)(J.M.Hoffman等J.Org.Chem.1984,49,193和P.E.Fanta,J.Am.Chem.Soc.1953,75,737)。使用乙氧基羰基丙二醛衍生物产生5-乙氧基羰基吡啶(S.Torii等.Synthesis,1986,400)。
本发明概述
本发明包括用于治疗炎症和其它环氧酶-2介导的疾病的式I化合物的制备方法。
Figure A9880618600111
本发明详细描述
在第一个方面,本发明包括用于治疗炎症和其它环氧酶-2介导的疾病的式I化合物的制备方法。
Figure A9880618600112
其中
 R1选自
(a)CH3
(b)NH2
(c)NHC(O)CF3
(d)NHCH3
Ar为单、双或三取代的苯基或吡啶基(或其N-氧化物),其中该取代基选自
(a)氢,
(b)卤代,
(c)C1-4烷氧基
(d)C1-4烷硫基,
(e)CN,
(f)C1-4烷基,
(g)C1-4氟烷基,
 R2选自
(a)F、Cl、Br、I
(b)CN,
(c)叠氮化物,
该方法包括:
使式A1化合物
Figure A9880618600121
在酸性条件下并且任选在非反应性溶剂和铵试剂存在下,与化合物A2缩合
Figure A9880618600122
得到式I化合物
如本领域技术人员意识到的,在一般情况下所述试剂本身提供酸性条件。因此非-试剂的酸是不必要的。然而,酸例如乙酸或丙酸或另一种羧酸的加入处于本发明的范围内。
为了本说明书的目的,非反应性溶剂包括四氢呋喃、二噁烷、C1-6链烷醇和甲苯。
为了本说明书的目的,铵试剂意指包括氨和铵盐如乙酸铵和丙酸铵。此外混合物铵试剂种类包括在此术语氨试剂中。
化合物A1和A2的摩尔比率一般从2∶1变化至1∶2;优选从1∶1至1.5。通常使用过量的化合物A1。化合物A1与铵试剂的摩尔比率通常从1∶1变化至1∶10。该反应步骤可便利地在40至180℃范围内实施;优选从80至140℃并且该反应允许进行直到在2至18小时内基本上完成反应;通常为6至12小时。
在第2个方面,本发明包括用于治疗炎症和其它环氧酶-2介导的疾病的式I化合物的制备方法。
Figure A9880618600131
其中
R1选自
(a)CH3
(b)NH2
(c)NHC(O)CF3
(d)NHCH3
Ar为单、双或三取代的苯基或吡啶基(或其N-氧化物),其中该取代基选自
(a)氢,
(b)卤代,
(c)C1-4烷氧基
(d)C1-4烷硫基,
(e)CN,
(f)C1-4烷基,
(g)C1-4氟烷基,
R2选自
(a)F、Cl、Br、I
(b)CN,
(c)叠氮化物,
该方法包括:
(a)使式A2化合物
Figure A9880618600141
在第二种非反应性溶剂存在下与强碱反应得到式B2的烯醇盐。
Figure A9880618600142
其中M为钾、锂或钠。
为了本说明书的目的,该强碱将包括锂、钾或钠二异丙基氨化物,锂、钾或钠双(三甲基甲硅烷基)氨化物,锂、钾或钠氢化物和锂、钾或钠氨化物。
为了本说明书的目的,该第二种非反应性溶剂包括四氢呋喃、二噁烷、甲苯和醚类。
化合物A2与碱的摩尔比率通常从1∶1变化至1∶1.5;通常使用过量的碱。该反应步骤可便利地在-80至40℃温度范围内实施;优选地为-10至20℃并且允许该反应进行直至1至3小时内基本上完成反应,通常为1至2小时。
(b)使式B1化合物
Figure A9880618600151
在第三种非反应性溶剂存在下与化合物B2反应
其中R3为离去基团如甲苯磺酰基、甲磺酰基或卤代。
该反应在加热之后于铵试剂存在下得到式I化合物。
为该反应的目的,该第三种非反应性溶剂包括四氢呋喃、甲苯和二噁烷。化合物B1与2.3-二氯丙烯醛的摩尔比率通常从1∶1.5变化至1.5∶1;优选地为1∶1至1.5。通常使用过量的2.3-二氯丙烯醛。该反应步骤可便利地在0至80℃温度范围内实施;优选为20至50℃并且允许该反应进行直至2至18小时内基本上完成反应;通常为4至12小时。
关于本发明的两个方面,R2优选为卤素、更优选为F或Cl,最优选为Cl。优选R3与R2相同。
关于本发明的两个方面,式I优选的亚属为其中Ar为单或双取代吡啶基。在这个亚属中特别优选地为3-吡啶基异构体。
又关于本发明的两个方面,式I另一个优选的亚属为其中R1为CH3或NH2。一般地,CH3对于COX-2特异性是优选的,并且NH2对于效力是优选的。
又关于本发明的两个方面,式I的另一个优选的亚属为其中Ar为用甲基取代或未取代的。
式I化合物用于缓解疼痛、发热和包括类风湿性热、涉及流感或其它病毒感染的症状、感冒、低背部和颈部疼痛、痛经、头痛、牙痛、扭伤和拉伤、肌炎、神经痛、滑液炎、关节炎包括类风湿性关节炎退化性关节疾病(骨关节炎)、痛风和强直性脊椎关节炎、滑囊炎、灼伤、外科手术和牙科手术之后的损伤在内的多种情况的炎症。此外这样的化合物可抑制细胞肿瘤转移和转移肿瘤的生长并因此能够用于癌症治疗。式I化合物也可用于治疗包括早老性痴呆和老年性痴呆,尤其是与阿尔滋海默疾病(即阿尔滋海默氏痴呆)有关的痴呆。
根据如上所定义式I化合物的高环氧酶-2(COX-2)活性和/或它的超过环氧酶-1(COX-1)的对环氧酶-2的选择性,将证实其用作常规非甾体抗炎药(NSAID’S)的替代物是有用的。尤其是这样的非甾体抗炎药在患有消化性溃疡、胃炎、局限性肠炎、溃疡性结肠炎、憩室炎,或者患有胃肠损伤复发病史;GI出血、包括贫血如血凝血酶原过少、血友病或其他出血问题(包括那些涉及还原或修复血小板功能)的凝固紊乱、肾病(例如修复的肾功能)的患者;那些手术前或服用抗凝药物的患者;和那些易于受到NSAID诱导哮喘的患者是禁忌的情况下。
本发明化合物为环氧酶-2抑制剂,因此用于治疗以上列举的环氧酶-2介导的疾病。该活性通过它们相对于环氧酶-1选择性抑制环氧酶-2的能力来阐明。相应地,在一个试验中,本发明化合物治疗环氧酶介导的疾病的能力能够在花生四烯酸、环氧酶-1或环氧酶-2和式I化合物存在下,通过测量所合成的***素E2(PGE2)的量来证实。该IC50值代表用来将PGE2的合成恢复到未抑制对照组的50%的所需要的抑制剂浓度。通过阐明这个方面,我们已经发现实施例的化合物抑制COX-2比它们抑制COX-1强100倍。此外,对于COX-2它们全部具有1nM至1mM的IC50值。通过比较,布洛芬对于COX-2具有IC50值为1mM,吲哚美辛对于COX-2具有IC50值大约为100nM。
对于这些环氧酶介导的任何疾病的治疗,通过以含有常规的非毒性药学上可接受载体、辅助剂和溶媒的剂量单位制剂,将式I化合物口服、局部、非肠道、通过吸入喷雾或直肠给药。此处所使用的术语非肠道包括皮下注射、静脉、肌内、胸骨内注射或输注技术。除了如小鼠、大鼠、马、牛、羊、狗、猫等温血动物的治疗外,本发明化合物对于人的治疗上是有效的。
本发明现在通过下列非限定的实施例进行阐明,除非另外指出。
(i)所有操作在室温或环境温度下即18-25℃温度范围内进行;在减压下(600-4000帕斯卡:4.5-30mm.Hg)于高达60℃浴温下使用旋转蒸发仅蒸发溶剂;反应过程伴随薄层层析(TLC)或高效液相色谱(HPLC)并且仅通过说明给出反应时间;熔点未校正并且“d”表明分解;给出的熔点为那些从如描述所制备的物质得到的熔点;在某些制备中聚合体可导致具有不同熔点的物质的分离;所有最终产物的结构和纯度通过至少一种下列技术确定:TLC、质谱、核磁共振(NMR)谱或微量分析数据;仅对于例证给出收率;当给出时,对于主要鉴定质子来说NMR数据是在300MHz至400MHz下使用所指出的溶剂测定的,相对于内标物四甲基硅烷的以百万分之几给出的δ(d)值的形式存在;用于信号形状的常规缩写为:s.单峰;d.双重峰;t.三重峰;m.多重峰;br.宽谱带等;此外“Ar”表明为芳基信号;化学符号具有它们有用的含义;下列缩写也被使用:v(体积)、w(重量)、b.p.(沸点)、m.p.(熔点)、L(升(s))、mL(毫升)、g(克(s))、mg(毫克(s))、mol(摩尔)、mmol(毫摩尔)、eq(当量(s))。
下列缩写具有所表明的意义:烷基基团缩写Me      =    甲基Et      =    乙基n-Pr    =    正丙基i-Pr    =    异丙基n-Bu    =    正丁基i-Bu    =    异丁基s-Bu    =    仲丁基t-Bu    =    叔丁基c-Pr    =    环丙基c-Bu    =    环丁基c-Pen   =    环戊基c-Hex   =    环己基
                      实施例15-氯-3(甲基磺酰基)苯基-2-(3-吡啶基)-吡啶;化合物12-氯丙二醛      4.8g(0.045mol)酮B             5.0g(0.018mol)丙酸            30mL乙酸铵          8.4g(0.11mol)
将酮B(5.0g)、2-氯丙二醛(4.8g)和乙酸铵的混合物加热至130℃。所产生的乙酸通过蒸馏除去并在136℃下继续加热15小时。用碳酸钠使该反应混合物碱化,加入水并用二氯甲烷(2×150mL)提取该产物。有机层用碳(Dowex)处理,干燥(MgSO4)并除去溶剂得到灰白色固体1(3.4g,收率55%)。
Figure A9880618600191
2-氯丙二醛            220mg(2.1mmol)草酰氯                180mL(2.1mmol)甲苯                  3mLN,N-二甲基甲酰胺     20mL
将N,N-二甲基甲酰胺加到2-氯丙二醛(220mg)的甲苯浆液中。加入草酰氯并且搅拌该反应混合物直到发生完全溶解。
Figure A9880618600192
酮B                                500mg(1.8mmol)锂双(三甲基甲硅烷基)氨化物(在THF   1.8mL(1.8mmol)中1M)四氢呋喃                           15mL在甲苯中的2,3-二氯丙烯醛          在3mL甲苯中2.1
                               mmol乙酸铵                             1.0g
在-78℃下把锂双(三甲基甲硅烷基)氨化物(1.8mL;在THF中1M)滴加到酮B(500mg)的THF(15mL)中。该反应混合物温热至环境温度1小时以在重新冷至-78℃之前形成B的烯醇锂(见通式B1)。加入2,3-二氯丙烯醛溶液,并且使它的温度温热至环境温度。1小时后把氨气通入该溶液,30分钟后加入乙酸铵(1g)。该反应混合物温热至60℃反应1小时。并倾入氢氧化钠水溶液(2M;100mL)。用二氯甲烷(2×150mL)提取该产物,干燥(MgSO4),除去溶剂得到1(500mg;80%)。
                            原料的制备
                             PREP 1
                      4-甲基磺酰基苯基乙酸的合成
Figure A9880618600201
苯硫基甲烷2(FW=124.2,d=1.058)  50.00g(0.403mol,47.3mL)乙基草酰氯(FW=136.5,d=1.222)   82.43g(0.604mol,67.5mL)三氯化铝(FW=133.3)               75.13g(0.564mol)间-二氯苯(ODCB)                   112mL
将乙基草酰氯和ODCB投入配备了顶部机械搅拌器的烧瓶中并冷至0℃。缓慢加入AlCl3。加入AlCl3是放热的。用1.5小时通过加料漏斗滴加苯硫基甲烷2。该反应混合物迅速转变为深紫色。这个加入也是放热的。
1小时后,该反应通过HPLC检测下完成。在0℃下通过缓慢加入300mL的1NHCl终止该反应。温热至室温后,加入水和ODCB(每一种为50mL)。它们的层被混合与分开。有机相(底部)用1×250mL水洗涤然后通过MgSO4干燥。
它的骤冷也是放热反应。在骤冷期间该反应混合物由深紫色转变为淡绿色。把该干燥的ODCB溶液倾入配备了顶部机械搅拌器的Morton烧瓶中。加入1N的NaOH溶液(800mL)。剧烈搅拌这两相混合物并加热至50℃。2-3小时后通过HPLC检测下完成3的水解。该含有水相的产物直接进入Wolf-Kishner反应。
4-(甲基硫代)苯乙酸
Figure A9880618600211
3(在1NNaOH溶液中)              (0.402mol)肼(FW=32.1,在水中35wt%)       206.14g(2252mol,204mL)NaOH(5N溶液)                    5mL
把肼和NaOH投入到配备了机械搅拌器的Morton烧瓶中。当该肼溶液加热至75℃后,在35-40分钟内将NaOH中的3的溶液加入瓶中。加毕,该反应混合物回流5天。HPLC显示在这时该反应完成约95%。在24小时内起始原料大量消耗,但是第三个峰需要几天的时间才能转化为4。该反应用浓HCl酸化至pH=1.5,并用EtOAc(1×750mL和1×250mL)提取。合并含有产物的有机相以2×250mL的1N的HCl洗涤。
在酸化时,该反应混合物转变为亮黄色。4-(甲基磺酰基)苯乙酸
Figure A9880618600221
4-(甲基硫代)苯乙酸4(FW=182.3)    (0.402mol)Na2WO4·H2O(FW=329.9)        2.64g(0.008mol)季铵氯化物336(FW=404)            8.08g(0.020mol)过氧化氢(FW=34.0,在水中30       136g(1.200mol,123wt%)                             mL)
把3(来自以上反应,在EtOAc中)、季铵氯化物336和Na2WO4·2H2O(溶于约15mL H2O中)投入到配备了机械搅拌器的烧瓶中。在大约30分钟内用加料漏斗把过氧化氢缓慢加入到瓶中。通过HPLC检查反应的完成。该反应用2×400mL的H2O洗涤并通过MgSO4干燥。在有机相的产物定量测定中得到61.29g的5(从苯硫基甲烷计算收率为71%)。在该溶液浓缩时,有白色固体沉淀。过滤它的浆液并用己烷洗涤。回收到49.02g的5(从苯硫基甲烷计算收率为57%)。
制备1-(3-吡啶基)-2-(4-甲基磺酰基苯基)-乙烷-1-酮的Ivanov-Claisen缩合
Figure A9880618600222
从烟酸乙酯和4-甲基磺酰基苯乙酸制备4-甲基磺酰基苄基-3-吡啶甲酮4-甲基磺酰基苯乙酸(MW=217)      10g(46.7mmol)叔丁基镁氯化物(1N/THF)           128.11ml  (128.11
                             mmol)烟酸乙酯(MW=151.2;d=1.107)    5.54ml(39.4mmol)THF                              400mL
在氮气下把苯乙酸溶解在THF中。在5分钟内将1.9当量的叔丁基镁氯化物(88.73ml)加入到该溶液中。该反应是放热的。温度从20℃升至50℃。在加入第一个当量的叔丁基镁氯化物后,该溶液变为红色。
把反应温度维持在50℃。1小时后,加入0.5当量的烟酸乙酯。该溶液变为黄色并且形成白色沉淀。1小时后,在50℃下加入0.5当量的叔丁基镁氯化物。该溶液变为红色。该加料顺序应重复使用0.25eq、0.125eq、0.0625eq的烟酸乙酯和叔丁基镁氯化物。在每一次加料之间该反应混合物应老化1小时。
最后一次加毕,通过加入到剧烈搅拌的2N盐酸(100ml)中来终止反应。当在盐酸中搅拌时该反应混合物底部的固体经过泡腾来溶解。
用碳酸钠将该反应混合物的水相pH调节为10。LC试验显示酮的收率为91%。
4-甲基磺酰基苯甲醛的制备
该制备按照Ulman JOC,第4691页(1989)的方法进行。由4-氟苯甲醛制备4-甲基磺酰基苯甲醛(2)
Figure A9880618600241
4-氟苯甲醛(MW=124.11;d=1.157)   23.3ml(217mmol)甲磺酸钠盐(MW=102.09)             24.23g(237mmol)二甲基亚砜                         170ml
把反应物加入到二甲基亚砜中并加热至130℃反应18小时。甲磺酸钠在室温下部分不溶但是在130℃下溶于溶液中。氟化钠从溶液中沉淀出来。把该反应混合物倾入300ml水中。该产物作为白色固体沉淀出来。过滤该反应混合物。所回收的产物用水100ml和2×50ml甲醇洗涤来除去二甲基亚砜。减压下从产物中蒸发溶剂,得到2的白色粉末39.9g(分离收率86%)。C13-NMR(CDCl3):44.33,128.25,130.43,139.70,145.38,190.72。
从4-氯苯甲醛制备4-甲基磺酰基苯甲醛24-氯苯甲醛(MW=140.57)           6.31g(45mmol)甲磺酸钠盐(MW=102.09)           7.5g(74mmol)二甲基亚砜                       50mL
把反应物加入到二甲基亚砜中并加热至130℃18小时。
甲磺酸钠在室温下部分不溶但是在130℃下溶于溶液中。氯化钠从溶液中沉淀出来。把该反应混合物倾100ml水中。该产物作为白色固体沉淀出来。过滤该反应混合物。所回收的产物用50ml水和2×25ml甲醇洗涤来除去二甲基亚砜。减压下从产物中蒸发溶剂,得到白色粉末的4-甲基磺酰基苯甲醛5.1g(分离收率62%)。
制备1-(3-吡啶基)-2-(4-甲基磺酰基苯基)-乙烷-1-酮的Horner/Wittig途径参考文献:H.Zimmer,J.P.Bercz,Liebigs Ann.Chem.1965,686,107-114苯胺                           89.4g(0.96mol)3-吡啶甲醛                     102.8g(0.96mol)乙醇                           150mL亚磷酸二苯酯                   224.7g(0.96mol)
在0℃下把乙醇(50mL)中的苯胺溶液加到乙醇(100mL)中的3-吡啶甲醛溶液中。两小时后加入亚磷酸二苯酯,室温下继续搅拌18小时。加入甲基叔丁基醚(400mL)使产物进一步沉淀,过滤该沉淀,洗涤(MTBE)并在真空下干燥得到白色固体状的吡啶-氨基磷酸二苯酯320g(80%)。13-C NMR(CDCl3):
Figure A9880618600261
吡啶-氨基磷酸二苯酯               14.0g(0.034mol)在MeOH中10%KOH                  23mL(0.04mol)四氢呋喃                          150mL4-甲基磺酰基苯甲醛                5.6g(0.03mol)
在10分钟内于-45℃把10%KOH/MeOH(23mL)中加入到磷酸酯(14.0g)的四氢呋喃溶液中。10分钟后一次性加入苯甲醛,1小时后使该反应混合物温热至环境温度。加入盐酸水溶液(2N,100mL),并且该溶液放置18小时。加入EtOAc(200mL)和水(200mL),弃去有机层。用碳酸钠洗涤碱化酸层(pH=9),并且用二氯甲烷(2×150mL)提取。合并有机层,干燥(MgSO4),浓缩。用己烷研磨得到淡黄色固体状的4-甲基磺酰基苄基-3-吡啶基酮(6.3g;76%)。13-C NMR(D-6DMSO):196.4,153.6,149.4,140.8,139.1,135.7,131.5,130.9,126.8,123.9.44.6和43.5ppm。苯胺                  4.47g(0.05mol)3-吡啶甲醛            5.36g(0.05mol)甲醇                  10mL亚磷酸二苯酯          11.2g(0.05mol)在MeOH中10%KOH      28mL(0.04mol)4-甲基磺酰基苯甲醛    8.3g(0.45mol)
在0℃下把甲醇(5mL)中的苯胺溶液加到甲醇(5mL)中的3-吡啶甲醛溶液中。2小时后加入亚磷酸二苯酯,室温下继续搅拌18小时。加入THF(100mL)并且该反应冷至-40℃。加入10%KOH/MeOH(28mL)。并且30分钟后加入4-甲基磺酰基苯甲醛(8.3g)。使该反应温热至室温并且搅拌18小时。加入EtOAc(200mL)和水(200mL),弃去有机层。用碳酸钠碱化酸层(pH=9),并且用二氯甲烷提取(2×150mL)。合并有机层,干燥(MgSO4)并浓缩。用己烷研磨得到淡黄色固体状的4-甲基磺酰基苄基-3-吡啶基酮(9.7g;71%)。
            氯代丙二醛的制备可用多种途径制备氯代丙二醛。从1,1,2,3,3-五氯丙烷制备
在Houben-Weyl-Muller:Methoden der Organischen Chemie,第4版,第7/1卷,Thieme Verlag,Stuttgart,1954,第119页发表了详细的实验。起始原料1,1,2,3,3-五氯丙烷从Pfaltz和Bauer市售得到。从粘氯酸制备
Figure A9880618600282
下列是Dieckmann(Ber.Deut.Chem.Ges.1904,37,4638)的原始方法的稍微改变。粘氯酸                  50.0g(0.30mol)苯胺                    54mL(0.60mol)水                     1000mL
在85℃下于剧烈搅拌中,在30分钟内把粘氯酸分次加到盛有苯胺水溶液的2L烧瓶中。在加入粘氯酸时,出现黄色,并很快消散。该反应混合物维持多相化,在加热30分钟后过滤样品表明反应完成。
将该反应混合物在90℃下加热60分钟,冷至50℃并过滤。滤饼用50mL的2N HCl和100mL的H2O洗涤。该产物在N2气流下干燥,得到的灰色固体的3-酰苯胺基(anilido)-2-氯-丙烯醛57g(收率100%)。13C NMR(D6-DMSO,ppm):108,117,124,129,140,147,182。3-酰苯胺基-2-氯-丙烯醛     57g(0.30mol)5N NaOH溶液               120mL(0.6mol)
把120mL的5N NaOH中的3-酰苯胺基-2-氯-丙烯醛溶液加热至100℃反应90分钟。该深黑色溶液每次用MTBE 50mL提取两次。
第一次有机洗涤液除去该溶液的绝大部分黑色,第二次有机洗涤液仅带有淡淡的颜色。
在冷却水相时,形成结晶沉淀。该产物为3-氯丙二醛Na盐。
通过加入60mL的37%HCl溶液来酸化水相。提取该水相(MTBE/THF 50/50,全部为400mL),以MgSO4干燥合并的有机相。在用Darco G60处理后,通过SiO2塞过滤,蒸发该溶液得到深色固体的氯代丙二醛19.6g(总收率62%)。从大约10mL的MTBE中重结晶得到纯的褐色固体的氯代丙二醛11.13g。13C NMR(D6-DMSO,ppm):113,175(宽)。从氯代乙酰氯制备
Figure A9880618600301
Arnold(Collect.Czech.Chem.Commun.1961,26,3051)提到通过使氯乙酸与衍生于POCl3和DMF的Vilsmeyer试剂反应来形成3-二甲基氨基-2-氯-丙烯醛。他的方法改变和扩展制备了作为它的钠盐的氯代丙二醛。
在10℃下把草酰氯(280mL,3.2mol)加入到1000mL的DMF中。该反应高度放热,并形成粘稠的沉淀。在2小时后加入氯代乙酰氯(110mL,1.4mol),该反应混合物温热至75℃3小时。通过1H NMR分析样品表明氯代乙酰氯消耗完全,通过把该反应混合物加入到1L的H2O中来终止反应。向该冷却的溶液加入50%的NaOH溶液500mL。加热回流该反应混合物5小时。冷却形成沉淀,过滤,水洗涤。在N2气流下干燥得到褐色固体84g(收率54%)。

Claims (20)

1.制备式I化合物的方法
Figure A9880618600021
R1选自(a)CH3,(b)NH2,(c)NHC(O)CF3,(d)NHCH3;Ar为单-、双-或三取代的苯基或吡啶基(或它的N-氧化物),其中该取代基选自
(a)氢,
(b)卤代,
(c)C1-4烷氧基
(d)C1-4烷硫基,
(e)CN,
(f)C1-4烷基,
(g)C1-4氟代烷基;R2选自
(a)F、Cl、Br、I
(b)CN,
(c)叠氮化物,该方法包括:使式A1化合物
Figure A9880618600031
在酸性条件下并且任选在非反应性溶剂和铵试剂存在下,与化合物A2缩合
Figure A9880618600032
得到式I化合物。
2.权利要求1的方法,其中非反应性溶剂为乙酸。
3.权利要求1的方法,其中Ar为单-或双-三取代3-吡啶基。
4.权利要求1的方法,其中R1为CH3或NH2
5.权利要求1的方法,其中Ar为单-或双-取代的3-吡啶基并且所述取代基选自
(a)氢,
(b)卤代,
(c)C1-3烷氧基
(d)C1-3烷硫基,
(e)C1-3烷基,
(f)CF3,和
(g)CN。
6.权利要求1的方法,其中R1为CH3或NH2;和Ar为单-或双-取代的3-吡啶基并且所述取代基选自
(a)氢,
(b)卤代,
(c)C1-3烷基,
(d)CF3,和
(e)CN。
7.权利要求1的方法,其中R2为Cl;R1为CH3或NH2;Ar为单取代的3-吡啶基并且所述取代基选自氢和C1-3烷基。
8.用于治疗炎症和其它环氧酶-2介导的疾病的式I化合物的制备方法。
Figure A9880618600041
其中R1选自(a)CH3,(b)NH2,(c)NHC(O)CF3,(d)NHCH3;Ar为单-、双-或三取代的苯基或吡啶基(或它的N-氧化物),其中该取代基选自
(a)氢,
(b)卤代,
(c)C1-4烷氧基
(d)C1-4烷硫基,
(e)CN,
(f)C1-4烷基,
(g)C1-4氟烷基;R2选自
(a)F、Cl、Br、I
(b)CN,
(c)叠氮化物,该方法包括:(a)使式A2化合物
Figure A9880618600051
在第二种非反应性溶剂存在下与强碱反应得到式B1的烯醇盐
Figure A9880618600052
其中M为钾、锂或钠,和(b)使式B1化合物在第三种非反应性溶剂存在下与化合物B2反应其中R3为离去的甲苯磺酰基、甲磺酰基或卤代,它在加热之后于铵试剂存在下得到式I化合物。
9.权利要求8的方法,其中Ar为单-或双-取代的3-吡啶基。
10.权利要求8的方法,其中R1为CH3或NH2
11.权利要求1的方法,其中Ar为单-或双-取代3-吡啶基并且所述取代基选自
(a)氢,
(b)卤代,
(c)C1-3烷氧基
(d)C1-3烷硫基,
(e)C1-3烷基,
(f)CF3,和
(g)CN。
12.权利要求8的方法,其中R1为CH3或NH2;和Ar为单-或双-取代的3-吡啶基并且所述取代基选自
(a)氢,
(b)卤代,
(c)C1-3烷基
(d)CF3,和,
(e)CN。
13.权利要求8的方法,其中R2为Cl;R1为CH3或NH2;Ar为单取代的3-吡啶基并且所述取代基选自氢和C1-3烷基。
14.权利要求1的方法,其中R2为氯代。
15.权利要求8的方法,其中R3为氯代。
16.权利要求1或8的方法,其中铵试剂选自氨和乙酸铵。
17.权利要求8的方法,其中该强碱为双(三甲基甲硅烷基)氨基化锂。
18.权利要求8的方法,其中所述第三种非反应性溶剂为甲苯。
19.化合物为
Figure A9880618600071
R1选自(a)CH3,(b)NH2,(c)NHC(O)CF3,(d)NHCH3;Ar为单-、双-或三取代的苯基或吡啶基(或它的N-氧化物),其中所述取代基选自
(a)氢,
(b)卤代,
(c)C1-4烷氧基
(d)C1-4烷硫基,
(e)CN,
(f)C1-4烷基,
(g)C1-4氟代烷基;R2选自
(a)F、Cl、Br、I
(b)CN,
(c)叠氮化物,
20.权利要求19的化合物,其中R1为CH3或NH2;和Ar为单-或双-取代的3-吡啶基并且所述取代基选自
(a)氢,
(b)卤代,
(c)C1-3烷基
(d)CF3,和
(e)CN。
CNB988061864A 1997-04-18 1998-04-14 制备用作环氧酶-2抑制剂的2-芳基-3-芳基-5-卤代吡啶的方法 Expired - Fee Related CN1182117C (zh)

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