CN1207118A - 可生物降解的高性能烃类基础油 - Google Patents

可生物降解的高性能烃类基础油 Download PDF

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CN1207118A
CN1207118A CN96199558A CN96199558A CN1207118A CN 1207118 A CN1207118 A CN 1207118A CN 96199558 A CN96199558 A CN 96199558A CN 96199558 A CN96199558 A CN 96199558A CN 1207118 A CN1207118 A CN 1207118A
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R·J·威藤布林克
D·F·瑞安
R·F·鲍曼
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Abstract

本发明公开了新的可生物降解的高性能烃类基础油及其生产方法,该烃类基础油在发动机润滑油和工业组合物中用作润滑剂。在双功能催化剂上,蜡质的或石蜡原料,特别是费－托合成蜡以700°F+原料的转化率为约20—50%(重量)、优选约25—40%(重量)的条件下进行加氢异构化和加氢裂化反应,其足以产生粗馏分,例如C5—1050°F+粗馏分,该粗馏分含有在分子中每100个碳原子具有约6.0－约7.5个甲基支链的700°F+异链烷烃。经过常压蒸馏,对含有甲基烷属烃的粗馏分进行拔顶,以产生具有初沸点为约650°F—750°F的塔底馏分,然后,将塔底馏分溶剂脱蜡,在高真空下分馏脱蜡油以产生可生物降解的高性能烃类基础油。

Description

可生物降解的高性能烃类基础油
发明领域
本发明涉及适用于发动机润滑油和工业润滑油组合物的、可生物降解的高性能烃类基础油。特别是，本发明涉及润滑油基础油组合物，还涉及通过石蜡、适合的费-托合成蜡的加氢异构化/加氢裂化制备该组合物的方法。
发明背景
大量的润滑油如发动机润滑油、传动机构润滑油、齿轮箱油等偶然地和甚至有意地被排入自然环境中，这是公知的。这些油可引起严重的环境污染，除非这些油是合格的可生物降解的。为此在国内外，开发和使用高性能润滑油基础油越来越重要，这些基础油对环境是没有危害的，或者在排入环境时基本上是可生物降解的。
虽然烃类基础油用作润滑剂其质量是不成问题的，但只有少数烃类基础油对环境是没有危害的。文献中强调了天然的和合成的酯基润滑剂比烃基产品具有更好的可生物降解性。然而，对其性能重视不够或不重视。没有多少参考文献涉及烃类润滑剂的可生物降解性。然而，Ethyl石油添加剂公司(Ethyl Petroleum Additives)的EP468109A公开了润滑油的可生物降解性，该润滑油含有至少10％(体积)的一种“具有润滑粘度的、可生物降解的液态烃，该液态烃是通过在分子中具有6-20个碳原子的1-链烯烃低聚、并对得到的低聚物加氢形成的”。显然，这种类型的加氢低聚物具有预想不到的高的可生物降解性，特别是那些含有至少50％(体积)二聚物、三聚物和/或四聚物的低聚物。Ethyl石油添加剂公司的EP558835A1公开了含有类似聚α-烯烃、PAO组分的润滑油。然而，这两个参考文献都指出了合成的和天然酯基油的性能，例如在高温下的低氧化稳定性和水解稳定性。英国石油公司(British Petroleum)的FR2675812公开了通过在低温下对加氢基础油脱蜡、制备可生物降解的PAO烃类基础油。
因此，明显需要用于发动机润滑油和工业润滑油或润滑剂组合物的高性能烃类基础油，它们在质量上至少等同于聚α-烯烃，但具有更容易生物降解的显著优点。
发明概述
因此，提供了这些和其他需求的本发明涉及可生物降解的高性能石蜡润滑剂基础油，和制备这些组合物的方法，该方法是将石蜡或蜡质的烃类原料、尤其是费-托合成蜡或反应产物加氢裂化和加氢异构化，这些原料的所有部分或至少一部分的沸点高于700°F，即700°F+。以一次通过计，在双功能催化剂存在下，蜡质的原料先与氢接触，进行加氢异构化和加氢裂化反应，以足以转化至少约20-约50％，优选约25-约40％的原料成为700°F-物料，以700°F+原料、或700°F+原料组分的重量计，并产生富含甲基-链属烃的700+°F物料。得到的含有700°F-和700°F+物料的粗产物通常称作C5-1050°F+粗馏分，先将该粗产物经过常压蒸馏进行拔顶，以产生低沸点馏分和高沸点或塔底馏分，低沸点馏分的终沸点为约650°F-750°F，例如700°F，高沸点馏分或底物馏分的初沸点为约650°F-750°F，例如700°F，终沸点为约1050°F+，例如700°F+馏分。由蒸馏得到的低沸点馏分，例如700°F-馏分是非润滑油馏分，或是燃料馏分。
在这些转化率下，加氢异构化/加氢裂化反应将大量的蜡质的或烷属烃进料转化成700°F+甲基-链属烃，即在分子中含有一个或多个甲基的异链烷烃，并且碳数大于1的支链，即乙基、丙基、丁基等形成的最少。如此处理的700°F+塔底馏分含有700°F+异链烷烃，该700°F+异链烷烃在其分子中每100个碳原子具有约6.0-7.5个甲基支链，优选每100个碳原子约6.5-7.0个甲基支链。包含在含有其他物料的混合物中的这些异链烷烃提供了能够得到高性能、高度可生物降解的润滑油的产物。
高沸点塔底馏分，例如含有甲基-链属烃的700°F+塔底馏分，或粗馏分在常规脱蜡步骤中脱蜡以除去正烷烃，回收的脱蜡产物或脱蜡油在减压下分馏以产生不同粘度等级的石蜡润滑油馏分，包括适合作为高性能发动机润滑油和发动机润滑剂的烃油馏分，该烃油馏分不同于多数烃类基础油，在排入环境中时是可生物降解的。在性能方面它们不比PAO润滑油差，而在可生物降解性方面它们优于PAO润滑油。
发明详述
使用本发明催化剂并经过异构化以产生润滑油基料和润滑剂的原料是蜡质的原料，即C5+，优选初沸点高于约350°F(117℃)、更优选高于约550°F(288℃)的原料，并含有主要量的、沸点高于700°F(370℃)的组分。该原料可从主要产生正烷烃的费-托方法得到，或从石油得到的含油蜡得到。
含油蜡是脱蜡操作的副产物，在该操作中使用稀释剂如丙烷或酮(例如甲基·乙基酮，甲基·异丁基酮)或其它稀释剂以促进蜡晶体的生长，通过过滤或其它适合的方法从润滑油基料中除去蜡。含油蜡通常为烷属烃性质，其沸点高于约600°F(316℃)，优选600°F(316℃)-约1050°F(566℃)，并且可含有约1-约35％(重量)的油。具有低油含量、例如含5-20％(重量)油的石蜡是优选的；然而，含有5-45％蜡的蜡质的馏份或提余油也可用作原料。通常用本领域已知的方法例如US4900707所述的温和加氢处理，使含油蜡不含多核芳烃和杂原子化合物，该方法还降低了硫和氮含量，优选分别降低至少于5ppm和少于2ppm。费-托合成蜡是优选的原料，其含有很少量的芳烃、硫和氮化合物。费-托合成液体或蜡作为费-托方法的产物而表征的，在费-托方法中，合成气、或氢和一氧化碳的混合物在载体催化剂上、在升温下处理，载体催化剂含有元素周期表(Sargwnt-Welch Scientific Copyright 1968)的VIII族中的一种或多种金属，例如钴、钌、铁等。费-托液体含有C5+，优选C10+，更优选C20+烷属烃。显示了典型的费-托法液体进料(对每个馏份±10％(重量))的馏份构成的蒸馏结果如下：
      沸点温度范围            馏份的重量％
      IBP-320°F                 13
      320-500°F                 23
      500-700°F                 19
      700-1050°F                34
      1050°F+                   11
                                 100
该蜡原料在加氢裂化/加氢异构化条件下、在催化剂存在下与氢接触，所用催化剂为双功能催化剂，或者在进行加氢裂化和加氢异构化反应中有活性的、含有一种或多种金属、加氢组分和酸性氧化载体组分的催化剂。优选的是，催化剂固定床在下列条件下与进料接触，所述的条件可使约20-50％(重量)、优选约25-40％(重量)700°F进料组分转化成700°F-物料，并产生终沸点为约650°F-750°F、例如700°F的低沸点馏分，和其初沸点为约650°F-750°F、例如700°F的高沸点或塔底馏分，剩余的高沸点馏分含有用于制备高性能可生物降解的基础油的高质量掺和组分。通常，加氢裂化/加氢异构化反应通过在下列受控的组合条件下、在催化剂上接触蜡质的原料进行，所述条件产生了上述转化率，例如，选择的温度为约400°F-850°F，优选约500°F-约700°F，压力通常为约100磅/英寸2[表压](psig)-约1500psig，优选约300-约1000psig，氢处理气体速度为约1000-约10000 SCFB，优选约2000-约5000 SCFB，空速通常为约0.5-约10LHSV，优选约0.5-约2LHSV。
催化剂的活性金属组分优选是元素周期表(Sargent-Wwlch ScientificCompany Copyright 1968)VIII族的一种或多种金属，其量对蜡质的原料的加氢裂化和加氢异构化有催化活性。除了含有VIII族的一种或多种金属外，催化剂还含有周期表IB族和/或VIB族的一种或多种金属。通常，以催化剂的总重量计(重量％)，金属的浓度为约0.05％-约20％，优选约0.1％-约10％。这些金属的例子是如镍和钴、或这些金属相互的或与其他金属的混合物这类VIII族非贵金属，所述的其他金属是如铜，IB族金属，或钼，VIB族金属。钯和铂是适合的VIII族贵金属的例子。通过已知方法，如用一种或多种金属的适合的盐或酸的溶液浸渍载体、干燥和焙烧，将一种或多种金属引入到催化剂的载体组分上。
催化剂载体由一种金属氧化物、或多种金属氧化物组分组成，其中至少一个组分是在产生烯烃裂化和加氢异构化反应中有活性的酸性氧化物。氧化物的例子包括氧化硅、氧化硅-氧化铝、粘土，例如柱状粘土、氧化镁、氧化钛、氧化锆、卤化物，如氯化铝等。催化剂载体优选是由氧化锆和氧化铝构成，特别优选的载体是由高达约35％(重量)氧化硅、优选约2％(重量)-约35％(重量)氧化硅构成，并且具有如下孔结构特性：
       孔半径               孔体积
       0-300              ＞0.03毫升/克
     100-75000            ＜0.35毫升/克
        0-30       ＜25％具有0-300半径的孔的
                              体积
      100-300      ＜40％具有0-300半径的孔的
                              体积基础的氧化硅和氧化铝材料可以是例如含有如碱金属硅酸盐(优选其中Na2O∶SiO2＝1∶2-1∶4)、四烷氧基硅烷、原硅酸酯等化合物的可溶性氧化硅；铝的硫酸盐、硝酸盐或氯化物，碱金属铝酸盐；或者醇盐的无机或有机盐等。当从这些原料的溶液沉淀出氧化硅或氧化铝的水合物时，加入适合的酸或碱，使pH为约6.0-11.0。在加热回流下，通过加入酸或碱进行沉淀和老化，以防止处理液体的蒸发和pH的变化。载体制备过程的其余步骤与通常使用的相同，包括载体材料的过滤、干燥和焙烧。该载体还可含有少量的、如1-30％(重量)的如氧化镁、氧化钛、氧化锆、氧化铪等这样的物质。
载体材料及其制备更完全地描述于US3843509(在本文中引入作为参考)中。载体材料通常具有的表面积为约180-400米2/克，优选230-375米2/克，孔体积为约0.3-1.0毫升/克，优选约0.5-0.95毫升/克，堆积密度为约0.5-1.0克/毫升，侧抗碎强度为约0.8-3.5公斤/毫米。
加氢裂化/加氢异构化反应是在一个或多个串联的反应器中进行，通常约1-5个反应器；但优选的是，反应在单一反应器中进行。将蜡质的烃类原料例如费-托合成蜡、优选沸点高于约700°F、或含有大量700°F+烃组分的原料与氢气一起加入到反应器、即串联反应器中的第一个反应器中，在加氢裂化/加氢异构化反应条件下与催化剂固定床接触，进行加氢裂化、加氢异构化，将至少部分蜡质的原料转化成产物，该产物包括进一步加工后的高质量油和润滑油掺和组分。
下列实施例说明了本发明更突出的特征。除非另有说明，所有的份数和百分数均以重量计。
实施例1-9
在淤浆费-托反应器中将氢气和一氧化碳合成气(H2∶CO 2.11-2.16)的混合物转化成重质烷属烃。费-托反应中使用氧化钛负载的钴铼催化剂。反应在422-428°F，287-289psig下进行，原料以12-17.5厘米/秒的线速度加入。费-托合成步骤的α值为0.92。使用粗闪蒸，将烷烃费-托产物分离成三个名义上不同沸点的物流；得到的三个不同沸点馏份：1)C5-500°F沸腾馏份，即费-托冷分离器液体；2)500-700°F沸腾馏份，即费-托热分离器液体；和3)700°F+沸腾馏份，即费-托反应器的蜡。
在这些试验中，在不同的转化率下、在氧化硅增强的钴-钼催化剂(CoO，3.6％(重量)、MoO3，16.4％(重量)；NiO，0.66％(重量)；在SiO2-Al2O3载体上，其中13.7％(重量)是氧化硅，表面积为270米2/克，＜30mm的孔体积等于0.43)上，用氢对700°F+费-托反应器的蜡原料加氢裂化和加氢异构化，制备一系列基础油。组合的反应条件，即分别转化沸点低于700°F，即700°F-原料的30％(重量)，35％(重量)，45％(重量)，50％(重量)，58％(重量)，67％(重量)和80％(重量)所相应的温度、空速、压力和氢气处理速度。每个试验的条件和得到的收率列于表1。表中还列出了经15/5蒸馏得到的IBP-650°F和650°F+产物。
                                                表1
                                      700°F-的转化率，重量％
    30     35     45     50     58     67     80
    操作条件
    温度，°F     681.9     689     705.2     701.5     709.7     707.1     711.4
    空速，LHSV     0.42     0.50     0.50     0.45     0.50     0.43     0.44
    压力，psig     --     --     1000     --     --     --     --
 H2处理率，SCF/B     --     --     2500     --     --     --     --
产率(重量％回收)
    C1-C4     1.17     0.73     1.73     2.11     2.14     2.43     3.70
    C5-320°F     5.48     3.11     9.68     9.75     9.48     14.93     23.10
    320-550°F     10.43     10.11     17.82     17.92     22.87     25.20     27.04
    550-700°F     20.48     23.94     21.88     24.63     27.81     28.01     30.21
    700°F+     62.44     62.11     48.89     45.59     37.70     29.43     15.93
    15/5组合蒸馏(重量％)
    IBP-650°F     32.25     26.71     37.46     44.26     48.35     59.80     67.77
    650°F+     67.75     73.29     62.54     55.74     51.65     40.20     32.23
通过常压蒸馏，从每个试验得到的产物中回收650°F+塔底馏分，然后，将其在高真空下再次分馏，生成几个粘度等级的润滑剂，即60N，100N，175N和约350-400N。然后，对残余产物进行溶剂脱蜡，以除去蜡质的烃并降低其倾点至约-18℃(32°F)。
对每个粘度等级，保持脱蜡条件恒定，以便评价转化率对脱蜡的影响。在30％，50％，67％和80％的转化率下100N和175N粘度等级的脱蜡条件列于表2。
                          表2
                       脱蜡条件1
                                         粘度等级
                                100N                  175N 30％转化率溶剂∶油比                         3∶1                  3∶1过滤器温度，℃                     -21                   -21倾点，℃                           -18                   -1850％转化率溶剂∶油比                         3∶1                  3∶1过滤器温度，℃                     -21                   -21倾点，℃                           -21                   -2167％转化率溶剂∶油比                         3∶1                  3∶1过滤器温度，℃                     -21                   -21倾点，℃                           -15                   -1880％转化率溶剂∶油比                         3∶1                  3∶1过滤器温度，℃                     -21                   -21
    倾点，℃                -24                   -24
1所有的脱蜡使用100％甲基·异丁基酮，MIBK。
在特定的转化率下，对按照100N和175N粘度等级的每次脱蜡所得的脱蜡油、DWO的物理性质、收率和相应的干蜡含量(均以蜡质的原料的重量％计)列于表3。
                                                 表3
                                         脱蜡的基础油物理性能
                                               粘度等级
         30％转化率           50％转化率          67％转化率          80％转化率
    100N     175N     100N     175N     100N   175N      100N     175N
    脱蜡油产率/干蜡含量(蜡质进料的重量％)     80.7/17.6     75.3/21.4     93.0/6.6     91.1/7.7     97/2.4     92/5.2      98/2.096.3/1.7
    倾点/浊点，℃     -18/-14     -18/-14     -21/-14     -21/-17     -15/-7     -18/-14     -24/-21     -24/-21
  密度@15℃，kg/dm     0.8143     0.8218     0.8153     0.8229     0.8147     0.8231     0.8160     0.8234
    折射率@20℃
    粘度，cSt@40℃@100℃ 15.593.81 26.965.59 16.283.86 29.145.77 15.903.77 28.765.68 16.713.85 18.945.61
    粘度指数     141     153     133     145     129     143     124     136
    GCD，℃IBP5％50％95％FBP 346369426486522 380408471535567 343367424488528 390418473531565 347369421479515 394419469524558 351370421478513 393416466523559
分别以30％、50％、67％和80％转化率制备的100N基础油的核磁共振(NMR)支化密度列于表4。可明显看出，在较低的转化率下发生的甲基支化程度也较低；而在较低的转化率下油的可生物降解性提高了。可生物降解性最高的组合物是以30％(重量)转化率制备的，可生物降解性次高的组合物是在50％(重量)转化率下制备的。
表4100N基础油，13CNMR支化密度
----％转化率----
基础油     30     50     67   80
V.1.     141     133     129   124
每100个碳甲基(CH3 -)数 6.8 7.5 7.5 7.8
从表中也可看出，对特定粘度等级基础油来说，粘度指数，VI随着转化率的提高而减小，这是因为在较高转化率下制备的基础油会产生较高的支化，因此就具有较低粘度指数。100N基础油的VI为141-180。175N基础油的相应VI为153-136。175N基础油的VI也可与VI为143的市售ETHYLFLO166相比。100N粘度等级基础油的VI可与VI为125的市售ETHYLFLO164相比。为了对比，将市售的100N ETHYLFLO164和175N ETHYLFLO166的某些物理性质列于表5。
表5
ETHYLFLOTM164
(lot 200-128)
100℃下粘度，cSt      3.88
40℃下粘度，cSt       16.9
-40℃下粘度，cSt      2450
粘度指数              125
倾点，℃              -70
闪点(D-92)，℃        217
NOACK挥发度，％                     11.7
CEC-L-33-T-82                       30％
                 ETHYLFLOTM166
                  (lot 200-122)
100℃下粘度，cSt                    5.98
40℃下粘度，cSt                     30.9
-40℃下粘度，cSt                    7830
倾点                                -64
闪点，(D-92)，℃                    235
NOACK挥发度，％                     6.1
粘度指数                            143
CE C-L-33-T-82                      29％
为了测定DWO基础油和润滑油组合物的可生物降解性，按照CEC-L-33-T-82进行试验，该试验方法是由Coordinating EuropeanCouncil(CEC)提出的并报道于“二冲程舷外发动机油在水中的可生物降解性：暂行试验方法“1-8页中，该文献在本文中列出作为参考。该试验测出由于微生物的作用基质的量减少了。CEC-L-33-T-82的测定显示，本发明制备的DWO基料和润滑油组合物的可生物降解度高于约50％，通常有高于约50％-约90％和更高的可生物降解度。实施例10-13
进行CEC-L-33-T-82试验，观察下列样品在21天内的生物降解作用，即：样品：
A：基础油100N，30％(重量)转化率-1.5133克/100毫升氟利昂
B：基础油100N，50％(重量)转化率-1.4314克/100毫升氟利昂
C：基础油100N，67％(重量)转化率-1.5090克/100毫升氟利昂
D：基础油100N，80％(重量)转化率-1.5388克/100毫升氟利昂
X：  VISTONE A30-1.4991克/100毫升氟利昂
                   (正校准物)
每个试验使用氟利昂溶剂进行，并且所用的储液按照试验方法的要求是标准的。
所用的接种物是从New Jersey，Bellemead的Pike Brook TreatmentPlant得到的非过滤的初级废水。用Easicult-TCC倾斜载玻片(dipslides)测出接种物具有1×104-1×105菌落形成单元/毫升(CFU/mL)。
制备所有试验物质和Vistone A30的三份平行试验体系，并分析第零天的母料浓度。按照试验方法所述进行所有的萃取。在Nicolet Model 205FT-IR上进行分析。除了每个样品的污染体系外，还将样品B-X的三份平行试验体系放在轨道摇动器上，并在完全黑暗中、在25±0℃下以150rpm连续搅拌直到21天。21天时分析样品的残余母料。除了上述样品外，还在间隔7天时评价样品“A”，以确定除去率。在保温的7，14和21天后配制、萃取和分析“A”的三份平行体系。结果
                      100N基础油
    样品转化率 ％生物降解作用(21天) 标准偏差，SD
A：基础油30％(重量)     84.62     1.12
B：基础油50％(重量)     77.95     0.86
C：基础油67％(重量)     73.46     1.01
D：基础油80％(重量)     73.18     2.34
E：ETHYLFLO 164     30.00     0.54
X：VISTONE A30     98.62     1.09
1基于三份平行接种试验体系和三份平行污染试验体系的分析。
          速率研究  样品A
    天   ％生物降解作用     SD
    7     76.15     2.74
    14     82.82     2.37
    21     84.62     1.12
实施例14-16
进行CEC-L-33-T-82试验，观察下列样品在21天内的生物降解作用。样品：
A：1基础油175N，30％(重量)转化率-1.58克/100毫升氟利昂
B：2基础油175N，50％(重量)转化率-1.09克/100毫升氟利昂
C：1基础油175N，80％(重量)转化率-1.43克/100毫升氟利昂
X：1VISTONE A30-1.5克/100毫升氟利昂
                      (正校准物)
1使用500μL以配制达到≈7.5毫克试验物负载量的试验体系。
2使用750μL以配制达到≈7.5毫克试验物负载量的试验体系。
每个试验使用氟利昂溶剂进行，并且所用的储液按照试验方法的要求是标准的。
接种物是从New Jersey，Bellemead的Pike Brook Treatment Plant得到的非过滤的初级废水。用Easicult-TCC倾斜载玻片(dip slides)测出接种物具有1×104-1×105菌落形成单元/毫升(CFU/mL)。
制备所有试验物质和VistoneA30的三份平行试验体系，并分析第零天的母料浓度。按照试验方法所述进行所有的苹取。在Nicolet Model 205FT-IR上进行分析。除了每个样品的污染体系外，还将样品A-X的三份平行试验体系放在环境室中，并在完全黑暗中、在25±0℃下以150rpm连续搅拌直到21天。21天时分析样品的残余母料。结果
                     175N基础油
    样品   ％生物降解作用(21天)1     SD
A：基础油     76.93     1.452
B：基础油     62.01     1.379
C：基础油     51.04     1.657
G：ETHYLFLO 166     29.0
X：VISTONE A30     85.31     0.408
1基于三份平行接种试验体系和三份平行污染试验体系的分析。
这些数据显示，出2个不同100N基础油的可生物降解度接近75％，2个不同100N基础油的可生物降解度高于75％；有1个接近85％。德国的Blue Angels定义，在CEC-L-33-T-82试验中当＞80％时是“可容易生物降解的”。3个试验的175N基础油具有的可生物降解度为约51％-约77％。
由于DWO基料和润滑油组合物的高石蜡含量，即＞97.5％(体积)，它们也适合作为用于药品级白油的原料。下面是个例子。实施例18
采用Ni-Mn-MoSO4本体催化剂温和加氢精制脱蜡了的60N基础油，以产生80％(重量)转化率(即240℃，600psiH2，0.25LHSV)。该产物容易地通过了对药品级白油的诊断性“热酸试验”。
很显然，在不脱离本发明的精神和范围的情况下，可进行各种改进和改变。

Claims (10)

1.一种制备适合于在发动机润滑油和工业润滑油组合物中作为润滑剂的可生物降解的高性能烃类基础油的方法，该方法包括
在双功能催化剂上，使700°F+石蜡原料或含700°F+组分的石蜡原料与氢气接触，进行加氢异构化和加氢裂化反应，以一次通过的、原料中的700°F+组分的重量计，700°F+原料的的转化率为约20％-约50％，且粗馏分含有富含甲基-链属烃的700°F+物料，
常压蒸馏拔顶所述的粗馏分，以产生初沸点为约650°F-约750°F的残余塔底馏分，
用溶剂对所述的塔底馏分脱蜡，和回收脱蜡了的油，和
减压分馏所述的脱蜡油，以回收所述的可生物降解的高性能脱蜡基础油。
2.权利要求1的方法，其中石蜡原料是费-托合成蜡，或费-托反应产物。
3.权利要求1的方法，其中催化剂由载在颗粒耐火无机氧化物载体上的一种或多种VIII族金属组成。
4.权利要求3的方法，其中除了VIII族的一种或多种金属外，催化剂还包括IB族或VIB族的一种或多种金属，或IB族和VIB族的一种或多种金属。
5.权利要求4的方法，其中以催化剂的总重量计，一种或多种金属的浓度为约0.1％-约20％，IB族金属是铜，VIB族金属是钼，VIII族金属是钯、铂、镍或钴。
6.权利要求1的方法，其中通过加氢异构化/加氢裂化反应生成的粗馏分产生了富含在分子中每100个碳原子具有约6.0-约7.5个甲基支链的异链烷烃的700°F+物料。
7.权利要求6的方法，其中生成的700°F+物料富含在分子中每100个碳原子具有约6.5-约7.0个甲基支链的异链烷烃。
8.权利要求1的方法，其中石蜡原料的700°F+转化率为约25％-约40％。
9.权利要求1的方法，其中通过减压分馏，从溶剂脱蜡油制备一种或多种粘度等级的润滑油，并加氢精制至少一种馏分以足以使其通过用于制备药品等级白油的诊断性热酸试验。
10.一种按照权利要求1-8中任何一项所述的方法制备的、用作发动机润滑油组分或发动机润滑油的、可生物降解的高性能烃类基础油的组合物。
CNB961995580A 1995-12-08 1996-11-15 可生物降解的高性能烃类基础油 Expired - Lifetime CN1181166C (zh)

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