CN1201126C - 带变速驱动器的冷却器*** - Google Patents
带变速驱动器的冷却器*** Download PDFInfo
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- A01K61/51—Culture of aquatic animals of shellfish of gastropods, e.g. abalones or turban snails
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B31/00—Compressor arrangements
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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- F25B49/025—Motor control arrangements
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B2400/00—General features or devices for refrigeration machines, plants or systems, combined heating and refrigeration systems or heat-pump systems, i.e. not limited to a particular subgroup of F25B
- F25B2400/13—Economisers
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B2400/00—General features or devices for refrigeration machines, plants or systems, combined heating and refrigeration systems or heat-pump systems, i.e. not limited to a particular subgroup of F25B
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B2600/00—Control issues
- F25B2600/02—Compressor control
- F25B2600/024—Compressor control by controlling the electric parameters, e.g. current or voltage
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B2600/00—Control issues
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- F25B2600/025—Compressor control by controlling speed
- F25B2600/0253—Compressor control by controlling speed with variable speed
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B2700/00—Sensing or detecting of parameters; Sensors therefor
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
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Abstract
一种制冷***的压缩机仅通过变速驱动器进行控制,该变速驱动器借助于改变供应给马达的电流的频率来控制压缩机的马达。为了使得初始成本和运行成本最小化,该变速驱动器通过来自于该制冷***的制冷剂进行冷却,使得该制冷***能够采用较小的驱动器,且该变速驱动器能够在功率因数为1或接近1的状态下运转。
Description
技术领域
本发明涉及冷却器***,特别是带变速驱动器的冷却器***。
背景技术
在螺杆式压缩机中,用于转子的缸孔发生交叠。交叠的缸孔会产生一呈数字“8”腰部的形状的尖端部。其中一个尖端部通常是用于一种形式的机械卸载装置的位置,该卸载装置形成缸孔的一部分并且当其在尖端部内轴向移动时与转子一起作用来卸载和控制Vi,或控制压缩机排气压力与吸气压力之间的比率。该卸载装置通常由电磁线圈驱动。为了提供较大程度的控制,通常要提供一种变速驱动器,该变速驱动器通过改变输送给马达的电力的频率来控制马达。
发明内容
一个变速驱动器的成本与一个压缩机的成本相似。因此,在一个传统压缩机上增加一个变速驱动器会极大地增加成本并增加重复设置的程度,因为卸载阀或其它的机械卸载结构具有许多与变速驱动器重叠的功能,而且这两者都能控制压缩机的容量。只是变速驱动器位于压缩机的外部,而卸载阀位于压缩机的内部。由于卸载阀位于压缩机的内部,卸载阀需要额外的制造步骤以便将其安装在压缩机内。具体来说,卸载阀位于尖端部处并有效地形成缸孔的一部分。这就要求进行精密加工以获得与转子之间的必要密封,并沿着卸载阀和转子缸孔之间界面引入一泄漏通道。为了将如提升阀这种其它形式的机械卸载装置安装在压缩机中也需要额外的制造步骤。
本发明消除了机械卸载结构并由此简化了压缩机的制造过程,同时降低了成本。压缩机的所有控制都通过变速驱动器进行,从而通过为特定用途适当地选择变速驱动器、马达、压缩机以及冷却器可以进一步提高效率并降低成本。变速驱动器的所需的驱动安培数以及其成本直接与冷却器的性能和马达的功率因数相关。冷却器的性能以及马达功率因数的改善会降低用于某种用途的变速驱动装置的平均成本。
对于压缩机,卸载所要考虑问题包括在运行范围内的安培数或负载要求、运行范围内的效率以及轴承寿命所需的最小速度,该轴承寿命取决于随制冷剂一起循环的润滑剂。马达必须与变速驱动器和压缩机匹配以优化压缩机的速度。例如,对于给定的负载,理想的压缩机速度通常与同步速度不同。而且,可以要求变速驱动器对全球范围所使用的各种不同的输入频率和电压进行补偿,且一种马达电压可以在一种供给电压范围内用于所有的用途。例如,对于频率为50Hz和60Hz以及电压范围为346-480伏特的电源,一种变速驱动器和马达的结合体可以高效地运行,因为变速驱动器的输出量会保持不变。该***电流用量通过输入功率因数为1或接近1的变速驱动器而最小化。采用制冷***的制冷剂进行冷却变速驱动器,可以增加变速驱动器的输出量,就如在共同受让的美国专利US6116040所教示的那样。这样采用较小且并不昂贵的变速驱动器就能产生所需的输出量。
通过受影响的下述情况使得上述因数得到最优化,以便以最小的安装成本获得给定的性能,这些受到影响的情况为:压缩机尺寸、速度以及结构;变速驱动器的尺寸、输入量、输出量以及冷却构形;马达的尺寸以及速度;以及输入线的尺寸。
本发明的一目的是为了仅采用变速驱动器就可以控制制冷***中的压缩机的输出量。
本发明的另一个目的是为了利用一种变速驱动器降低制冷***的初始成本。
本发明又一个目的是为了以不高于采用机械卸载方式的压缩机的成本的5%的成本代价为制冷***增加一个变速驱动器。
本发明再一个目的是为了将变速驱动器集成到制冷***中。下面,通过本发明将会使得这些以及其它的目的得到实现并变得清楚。
基本上,制冷***中的压缩机仅仅通过变速驱动器进行控制,该变速驱动器借助于改变供应给马达的电流的频率来控制压缩机的马达。为了使得初始成本最小化和使得运行成本最小化,变速驱动器被来自于制冷***的制冷剂冷却,使得该制冷***使用较小的驱动器,且变速驱动器在功率因数为1或接近1的情况下运行。
本发明提出一种制冷***,其具有:一封闭的流体回路,该回路依次包括螺杆式压缩机、排出管路、冷凝器、膨胀装置、冷却器以及返回到所述压缩机的吸入管路;以热交换关系经过所述冷却器并被冷却的水;所述压缩机,其仅通过调节所述压缩机的速度进行卸载;用于驱动所述压缩机的马达装置;用于通过控制输送给所述马达的电流频率来改变所述马达装置速度的装置;用于向用于改变速度的所述装置提供冷却的装置;用于检测离开所述冷却器的水温度的装置;和用于根据检测到的离开所述冷却器的水的温度来控制用于改变速度的所述装置的装置;其中来自所述冷凝器的液态制冷剂通过用于提供冷却的所述装置输送至用于改变所述马达速度的所述装置。
用于向改变速度的所述装置提供冷却的液态制冷剂至少部分地蒸发并输送至所述冷却器;用于控制改变速度的所述装置的所述装置仅根据检测的离开所述冷却器的水的温度进行动作;用于改变所述马达的速度的所述装置在频率和电压输入的范围内具有恒定的输出量。
本发明也提出一种制冷***,其具有:一封闭的流体回路,该回路依次包括螺杆式压缩机、排出管路、冷凝器、第一膨胀装置、经济器、第二膨胀装置、冷却器以及返回到所述压缩机的吸入管路;与所述经济器相连并延伸到所述压缩机的支管路;以热交换关系经过所述冷却器并被冷却的水;所述压缩机,其仅通过调节所述压缩机的速度进行卸载;用于驱动所述压缩机的马达装置;用于通过控制输送给所述马达的电流频率来改变所述马达装置速度的装置;用于向用于改变速度的所述装置提供冷却的装置;用于检测离开所述冷却器的水温度的装置;和用于根据检测到的离开所述冷却器的水的温度来控制用于改变速度的所述装置的装置;其中来自所述冷凝器的液态制冷剂通过用于提供冷却的所述装置输送至用于改变所述马达速度的所述装置。
用于改变所述马达的速度的所述装置在频率和电压输入的范围内具有恒定的输出量。
所述马达装置的功率因数至少为0.8,最好是0.89,并且在驱动所述马达时用于改变所述马达装置速度的所述装置以至少为0.99的输入功率因数运行。
附图说明
为了更为完全地理解本发明,下面将结合附图对其进行详细说明,其中:
该图是采用本发明的制冷***的原理性示意图。
具体实施方式
对于制冷***,特定的***容量为是设计该***时的出发点。能够产生所需容量的压缩机会根据这些因素进行选择,例如成本、效率以及运转速度。压缩机的选择将会涉及到马达的选择。所能获得的马达的功率因数范围为0.80-0.93,并根据成本、功率因数、压缩机设计速度时的效率来选择马达。所能获得的变速驱动器其功率因数为0.99-1。不过,变速驱动器的标准尺寸之间的差别相对较大,使得尺寸明显过大的变速驱动器可能是可得到的足以满足设计要求的最小的标准驱动器。通过用来自于冷凝器的制冷剂冷却变速驱动器,变速驱动器由于可以获得较强的冷却而使其运转时的容量可以高于其采用空气冷却的设计驱动容量。例如,容量为100安培驱动器在采用空冷时供给80安培电流,而在采用制冷剂冷却时就能够供给80-100安培电流用于驱动压缩机。
在图中,标记10指的是总的制冷***。制冷***10具有一个螺杆式压缩机12,该压缩机没有机械卸载结构。制冷***10包括一封闭流体回路,该回路以串联方式包括:压缩机12、排气管路14、冷凝器16、含有膨胀装置20和闪蒸罐经济器22的管路18、含有膨胀装置26的管路24、冷却器28以及吸气管路30。管路32从闪蒸罐经济器22分支出来且该管路与压缩机12中的处于中间压力的受限容积在流体上相通。
压缩机12在变速驱动器40的控制下由马达11驱动,该驱动器与电网(为示出)相连。该变速驱动器40控制输送给马达11的电流的交变频率,由此控制马达11的速度和压缩机12的输出量。在冷却器28中,由在制冷***10的封闭回路中循环的制冷剂对水进行冷却。冷却水对区域提供冷却。经过管路29离开冷却器28的水的温度被热传感器50检测到,并输送给微处理器100。微处理器100控制变速驱动器40并由此控制马达11和压缩机12,以便使得离开冷却器28的水维持所需的水温。微处理器100能仅仅根据热传感器50检测到的温度来控制变速驱动器40,或者微处理器100也可以接收来自于被冷却区域的区域输入量并调节流过冷却器26的水的速率,并由此调节可获得的制冷量。如果需要的话,微处理器100也可以控制膨胀装置20和26。
如上所述,尽管制冷***10具有许多与常规制冷***共同的特征,但是依然存在一些显著的区别。螺杆式压缩机12要比传统的制冷压缩机简单,因为螺杆式压缩机12没有机械卸载结构。因此,仅仅需要对转子彼此之间以及与缸孔之间进行密封。该压缩机没有滑阀或任何其它的机械卸载结构,该滑阀在尖端部区域替代缸孔的一部分,而这会伴随有额外的制造成本和在滑阀和相邻构件之间存在潜在的泄漏。压缩机12的输出量通过马达11进行控制,马达的速度通过变速驱动器40进行控制。马达11与变速驱动器40和压缩机12匹配。压缩机具有对应于压缩机设计输出量的理想速度。因此,马达选择成,使得在压缩机理想的速度下高效地运转并且具有最佳的功率因数。在变速驱动器的输入侧,由于在功率因数为1或接近1时的能量需求下降,接近1的功率因数使得能量的使用量和其能量成本下降。从效用来看,这是源于变速驱动器功率因数而不是马达的功率因数,因为变速驱动器将马达和效用隔离开。
在制冷***10的运行时,气态制冷剂通过吸气管路30引入压缩机12并受到压缩,以产生热的高压制冷剂气体通过排气管路14输送给冷凝器16。在冷凝器16中,气态制冷剂由于经过风冷、水冷或盐水冷却的热交换器(未示出)进行热传递,以放出热量而冷凝。冷凝后的制冷剂由冷凝器16进入管路18并顺序地经过膨胀装置20进入闪蒸罐经济器22。一部分流入经济器22的制冷剂转向进入处于中间压力的管路32中,并经管路32进入压缩机12的受限容积中。经济器22中的剩下的液态制冷剂通过膨胀装置26,由此经过压力下降,并在其经管路24进入冷却器28时部分闪蒸掉。在冷却器28中,剩下的液态制冷剂由于与经管路29流经冷却器28的水进行热量传递而蒸发。从经济器经管路32进入压缩机12的流量增加压缩机容量,因为它增加了被压缩的制冷剂气体的质量。
微处理器100接收热来自于传感器50的表示经管路29离开冷却器28的水温的信号,以便为一个或多个区域(未示出)提供冷量。根据传感器检测到的水温,微处理器100向变速驱动器40发送一个信号,使其根据需要改变马达11的速度以增加或降低压缩机12的制冷容量。变速驱动器40通过改变输送给电动马达11的电流的频率来增加或降低速度,由此增加或降低压缩机12的容量。通过使得马达11在最佳功率因数下运转,可以使得用电量和需电量减至最小并降低所需变速驱动器40的尺寸。此外,冷凝器16中的一部分液态制冷剂经管路17转向至变速驱动器40,此处的电子元件受到冷却且制冷剂在此蒸发。蒸发的制冷剂从变速驱动器40经管路41到达冷却器28。从冷凝器16流向变速驱动器40的制冷剂的速率根据由传感器43检测到的离开变速驱动器的制冷剂的温度通过阀42进行控制。因为变速驱动器40通过液态制冷剂进行冷却,因此可以采用更小的变速驱动器。
尽管对本发明的优选实施例进行了解释和描述,但是本领域的普通技术人员将可以作出其它变化形式。例如,经济器可以去掉和/或区域温度、水的流速、膨胀装置可以与微处理器相连。因此打算仅通过后附的权利要求书的范围来限定本发明。
Claims (5)
1.一种制冷***(10),其具有:
一封闭的流体回路,该回路依次包括螺杆式压缩机(12)、排出管路(14)、冷凝器(16)、膨胀装置(26)、冷却器(28)以及返回到所述压缩机的吸入管路(30);
以热交换关系经过所述冷却器并被冷却的水;
所述压缩机,其仅通过调节所述压缩机的速度进行卸载;
用于驱动所述压缩机的马达装置(11);
用于通过控制输送给所述马达的电流频率来改变所述马达装置速度的装置(40);
用于向用于改变速度的所述装置提供冷却的装置(17);
用于检测离开所述冷却器的水温度的装置(50);和
用于根据检测到的离开所述冷却器的水的温度来控制用于改变速度的所述装置的装置(100);其中来自所述冷凝器的液态制冷剂通过用于提供冷却的所述装置输送至用于改变所述马达速度的所述装置。
2.如权利要求1所述的制冷***,其特征在于,用于向改变速度的所述装置提供冷却的液态制冷剂至少部分地蒸发并输送至所述冷却器。
3.如权利要求1所述的制冷***,其特征在于,用于控制改变速度的所述装置的所述装置仅根据检测的离开所述冷却器的水的温度进行动作。
4.一种制冷***(10),其具有:
一封闭的流体回路,该回路依次包括螺杆式压缩机(12)、排出管路(14)、冷凝器(16)、第一膨胀装置(20)、经济器(22)、第二膨胀装置(26)、冷却器(28)以及返回到所述压缩机的吸入管路(30);
与所述经济器相连并延伸到所述压缩机的支管路(32);
以热交换关系经过所述冷却器并被冷却的水;
所述压缩机,其仅通过调节所述压缩机的速度进行卸载;
用于驱动所述压缩机的马达装置(11);
用于通过控制输送给所述马达的电流频率来改变所述马达装置速度的装置(40);
用于向用于改变速度的所述装置提供冷却的装置(17);
用于检测离开所述冷却器的水温度的装置(50);和
用于根据检测到的离开所述冷却器的水的温度来控制用于改变速度的所述装置的装置(100);其中来自所述冷凝器的液态制冷剂通过用于提供冷却的所述装置输送至用于改变所述马达速度的所述装置。
5.如权利要求1-4之一所述的制冷***,其特征在于,所述马达装置的功率因数为0.8-0.93,并且在驱动所述马达时用于改变所述马达装置速度的所述装置以0.99-1的输入功率因数运行。
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- 2001-07-02 US US09/895,684 patent/US6434960B1/en not_active Ceased
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2002
- 2002-06-10 TW TW091112514A patent/TW539835B/zh not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2002-06-18 KR KR10-2002-0033879A patent/KR100530294B1/ko not_active IP Right Cessation
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2003
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- 2003-10-09 US US10/682,850 patent/USRE39597E1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
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HK1053163B (zh) | 2005-12-23 |
DE60222720T2 (de) | 2008-07-17 |
KR100530294B1 (ko) | 2005-11-22 |
BR0202486A (pt) | 2003-04-29 |
US6434960B1 (en) | 2002-08-20 |
EP1273856A2 (en) | 2003-01-08 |
EP1273856B1 (en) | 2007-10-03 |
USRE39597E1 (en) | 2007-05-01 |
CN1395071A (zh) | 2003-02-05 |
TW539835B (en) | 2003-07-01 |
AU5275402A (en) | 2003-01-09 |
DE60222720D1 (de) | 2007-11-15 |
AU784596B2 (en) | 2006-05-11 |
KR20030004026A (ko) | 2003-01-14 |
HK1053163A1 (en) | 2003-10-10 |
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