CN115529879A - Method for improving quality of laterite by fertilizing - Google Patents
Method for improving quality of laterite by fertilizing Download PDFInfo
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- CN115529879A CN115529879A CN202210114786.4A CN202210114786A CN115529879A CN 115529879 A CN115529879 A CN 115529879A CN 202210114786 A CN202210114786 A CN 202210114786A CN 115529879 A CN115529879 A CN 115529879A
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- manure
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- 229910001710 laterite Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 53
- 239000011504 laterite Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 53
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 33
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 180
- 239000003337 fertilizer Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 45
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- 210000003608 fece Anatomy 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- 239000010871 livestock manure Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- 239000002028 Biomass Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 24
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- AXCZMVOFGPJBDE-UHFFFAOYSA-L calcium dihydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[OH-].[Ca+2] AXCZMVOFGPJBDE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 239000000920 calcium hydroxide Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 235000011116 calcium hydroxide Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 229910001861 calcium hydroxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- JAQXDZTWVWLKGC-UHFFFAOYSA-N [O-2].[Al+3].[Fe+2] Chemical compound [O-2].[Al+3].[Fe+2] JAQXDZTWVWLKGC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 241000283690 Bos taurus Species 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 241001494479 Pecora Species 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 241000282898 Sus scrofa Species 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- CSNNHWWHGAXBCP-UHFFFAOYSA-L Magnesium sulfate Chemical compound [Mg+2].[O-][S+2]([O-])([O-])[O-] CSNNHWWHGAXBCP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 14
- WCUXLLCKKVVCTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[K+] WCUXLLCKKVVCTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000003864 humus Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000010902 straw Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 244000068988 Glycine max Species 0.000 claims description 9
- 235000010469 Glycine max Nutrition 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000003415 peat Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000008104 plant cellulose Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- PUKLDDOGISCFCP-JSQCKWNTSA-N 21-Deoxycortisone Chemical compound C1CC2=CC(=O)CC[C@]2(C)[C@@H]2[C@@H]1[C@@H]1CC[C@@](C(=O)C)(O)[C@@]1(C)CC2=O PUKLDDOGISCFCP-JSQCKWNTSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- FCYKAQOGGFGCMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fulvic acid Natural products O1C2=CC(O)=C(O)C(C(O)=O)=C2C(=O)C2=C1CC(C)(O)OC2 FCYKAQOGGFGCMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- LFVGISIMTYGQHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N ammonium dihydrogen phosphate Chemical compound [NH4+].OP(O)([O-])=O LFVGISIMTYGQHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910000387 ammonium dihydrogen phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000002509 fulvic acid Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 229940095100 fulvic acid Drugs 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052943 magnesium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 235000019341 magnesium sulphate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 7
- 235000019837 monoammonium phosphate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000001103 potassium chloride Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 235000011164 potassium chloride Nutrition 0.000 claims description 7
- OTYBMLCTZGSZBG-UHFFFAOYSA-L potassium sulfate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O OTYBMLCTZGSZBG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052939 potassium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 235000011151 potassium sulphates Nutrition 0.000 claims description 7
- 241000609240 Ambelania acida Species 0.000 claims description 6
- 240000007594 Oryza sativa Species 0.000 claims description 6
- 235000007164 Oryza sativa Nutrition 0.000 claims description 6
- 241000209140 Triticum Species 0.000 claims description 6
- 235000021307 Triticum Nutrition 0.000 claims description 6
- 240000008042 Zea mays Species 0.000 claims description 6
- 235000005824 Zea mays ssp. parviglumis Nutrition 0.000 claims description 6
- 235000002017 Zea mays subsp mays Nutrition 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000010905 bagasse Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 235000005822 corn Nutrition 0.000 claims description 6
- 235000009566 rice Nutrition 0.000 claims description 6
- 229920002401 polyacrylamide Polymers 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000012258 culturing Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000017060 Arachis glabrata Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 244000105624 Arachis hypogaea Species 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000010777 Arachis hypogaea Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000018262 Arachis monticola Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000004720 fertilization Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000020232 peanut Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000005342 ion exchange Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000010907 stover Substances 0.000 claims 2
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 235000015097 nutrients Nutrition 0.000 abstract description 12
- 238000009264 composting Methods 0.000 abstract description 8
- 230000035558 fertility Effects 0.000 abstract description 7
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 abstract description 5
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- 239000002688 soil aggregate Substances 0.000 abstract description 4
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 244000005700 microbiome Species 0.000 abstract description 3
- QJZYHAIUNVAGQP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-nitrobicyclo[2.2.1]hept-5-ene-2,3-dicarboxylic acid Chemical compound C1C2C=CC1C(C(=O)O)C2(C(O)=O)[N+]([O-])=O QJZYHAIUNVAGQP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000004021 humic acid Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000012615 aggregate Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 12
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 10
- 244000061456 Solanum tuberosum Species 0.000 description 6
- 235000002595 Solanum tuberosum Nutrition 0.000 description 6
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 description 6
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 230000007774 longterm Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Calcium Chemical compound [Ca] OYPRJOBELJOOCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 description 3
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000011575 calcium Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052791 calcium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910001385 heavy metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000005416 organic matter Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 3
- 235000009024 Ceanothus sanguineus Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 235000008733 Citrus aurantifolia Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 240000003553 Leptospermum scoparium Species 0.000 description 2
- 235000015459 Lycium barbarum Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 235000011941 Tilia x europaea Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000004571 lime Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000014759 maintenance of location Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000000813 microbial effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000003895 organic fertilizer Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000008635 plant growth Effects 0.000 description 2
- 235000012015 potatoes Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Alumina Chemical class [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 244000269722 Thea sinensis Species 0.000 description 1
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004075 alteration Effects 0.000 description 1
- KCZFLPPCFOHPNI-UHFFFAOYSA-N alumane;iron Chemical compound [AlH3].[Fe] KCZFLPPCFOHPNI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ILRRQNADMUWWFW-UHFFFAOYSA-K aluminium phosphate Chemical compound O1[Al]2OP1(=O)O2 ILRRQNADMUWWFW-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003306 harvesting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000398 iron phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- WBJZTOZJJYAKHQ-UHFFFAOYSA-K iron(3+) phosphate Chemical compound [Fe+3].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O WBJZTOZJJYAKHQ-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 238000002386 leaching Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000010755 mineral Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003607 modifier Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007935 neutral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000618 nitrogen fertilizer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000016709 nutrition Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000035764 nutrition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052592 oxide mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002686 phosphate fertilizer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 244000144977 poultry Species 0.000 description 1
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002681 soil colloid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002881 soil fertilizer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003971 tillage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000002700 urine Anatomy 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B79/00—Methods for working soil
- A01B79/02—Methods for working soil combined with other agricultural processing, e.g. fertilising, planting
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05B—PHOSPHATIC FERTILISERS
- C05B7/00—Fertilisers based essentially on alkali or ammonium orthophosphates
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
- C05G3/80—Soil conditioners
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
- Fertilizers (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a method for improving the quality of laterite by fertilizing, which comprises the following steps of deeply ploughing laterite to a plough layer of 25-40cm, and then naturally weathering and exposing the laterite to the sun; collecting agricultural and forestry waste biomass, naturally drying in air, and crushing to 5 to 30mm; the deep ploughed soil is filled with biomass and ploughed uniformly for 3~6 months, so that humic acid and iron-aluminum oxide in the soil are fully reacted to generate an organic-mineral compound, the soil structure is improved, and the porosity and aggregate of the soil are increased; adding pig, cattle and sheep manure and manure made by composting various gasket materials into manure and composting for 20-60d after the culture is finished, wherein the manure is used as base fertilizer to provide basic nutrients for the soil; slaked lime and a live soil loose compound fertilizer are added into the decomposed soil, the slaked lime regulates acid soil, the compound fertilizer is converted into an ionic fertilizer which is easy to absorb by crops through the action of soil microorganisms and chemical changes after being added, the soil fertility is improved, the formation of soil aggregates can be promoted, and the problems of limited types and low yield of the laterite planted crops are effectively solved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a method for improving the quality of laterite by fertilizing, belonging to the technical field of soil improvement.
Background
Laterites are soils developed in subtropical climates and evergreen broadleaf forests. Laterite is widely distributed in China, the north starts from the Yangtze river, the south reaches the south mountain, and the west comprises the middle north part of the Yunobu plateau and the south edge of the Sichuan basin. By taking Yunnan red soil as an example, because the area is full of rainfall and has the soil leaching effect, potassium, sodium, calcium and magnesium in the red soil are few, and more iron and aluminum oxides exist, so the red soil is red. The reason why the laterite causes low yield of crops is as follows: the laterite has high acidity, and more free aluminum and iron in the soil easily change phosphorus which can be absorbed by crops into iron phosphate and aluminum phosphate which are not easily absorbed by the crops, so that the phosphorus effectiveness is reduced; more hydrogen and aluminum in the laterite easily replace nutrients such as potassium, calcium, magnesium and the like absorbed by soil colloid into a soil solution, and the potassium, calcium and magnesium in the laterite are lost, so that the laterite is enhanced in viscosity, water is not stored, hardening is easy to occur, and the permeability and the tiltability of the soil are poor; laterite is lack of organic matters, has low total nitrogen and total phosphorus contents, and has poor fertilizer retention performance. The above factors are factors of unfavorable planting of laterite crops and soil impoverishment, and only acidophilic trees can be planted. Theoretically, if laterites are to have good planting effect and yield, fertilization and improvement are needed.
The root cause of unfavorable planting of the laterite is lack of organic matters, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and other nutrient elements required by plants, soil particles suitable for planting can be formed when the organic matters in the soil are increased to a certain degree, lime is independently applied to the soil by the conventional method for improving the laterite and increasing the organic matters, the acidity of the laterite is improved, the soil is easily hardened by singly applying the lime, the side effect is large, no inorganic fertilizer is applied in the planting process every year, the soil quality is poorer after long-term use, and the inorganic fertilizer contains heavy metals, so that the heavy metal transformation of the soil is accelerated.
The method for improving the laterite only uses a certain modifier singly, cannot achieve the effect of improving the quality of the laterite, but can increase soil hardening and aggravate heavy metal pollution of the soil after long-term use. Therefore, when the soil quality of the laterite is required to be improved, the laterite has a good planting effect, the soil acidity of the laterite is required to be reduced, soil organic matters are increased, microbial organic fertilizers are supplemented, the water storage capacity is improved, the soil is not easy to harden, the laterite can be suitable for crop cultivation, at the moment, various methods are required to be mixed for use, and the inorganic and organic fertilizers are applied while deep ploughing, so that the soil has the capacity of being generally suitable for planting the soil. Meanwhile, the water-retaining agent is added to ensure that the soil can also survive plants in dry seasons.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the adverse factors on the planting of the red soil: lack of organic matters, lack of nutrition required by plant growth, partial viscosity of soil and the like, and cause the phenomena that the yield of planted crops is not high and most unfavorable planting causes waste. The invention provides a method for improving the quality of laterite by fertilizing. According to the method, laterite is deeply ploughed to a soil plough layer and then naturally weathered and exposed, the agricultural and forestry waste biomass is collected and naturally dried and then crushed to 5-30mm, the biomass filled on the deeply ploughed soil is cultured for 3~6 months under natural conditions, so that organic matters in the soil and iron-aluminum oxide are fully reacted to form an organic-mineral compound, the soil structure is improved, and the porosity and the water stability of the soil are increased; adding stable manure which is prepared by mixing pig, cattle, sheep and excrement as main materials with various gasket materials and composting as base fertilizer to provide soil basic nutrients when the culture is finished; adding slaked lime and a live soil loose compound fertilizer into the decomposed soil, wherein the slaked lime regulates acid soil, the compound fertilizer is converted into an ionic fertilizer which is easy to absorb by crops through the action of soil microorganisms and chemical changes after being added, so that the soil fertility is improved, and the formation of soil aggregates can also be promoted; the method effectively improves the planting quality of the laterite, increases soil organic matters, reduces the viscosity of the soil by adding the biomass, changes the soil structure and obviously improves the unfavorable problem of laterite planting.
The method for improving the quality of the laterite by fertilizing comprises the following specific steps:
(1) And (3) deeply ploughing the laterite plough layer by 25-40cm, wherein the laterite plough layer is thin, the plough layer can be deepened from shallow to deep by deep ploughing, the soil is naturally weathered and exposed for 5-10d, and the subsoil is mechanically rolled to form a plough bottom layer during deep ploughing. Collecting the agricultural and forestry waste biomass, naturally drying in air, and crushing to 5-30mm.
(2) The crushed biomass is filled and paved on the deep ploughed plough layer, and the mechanical ploughing is utilized to cultivate 3~6 months under the natural condition to increase soil humusThe humus in the soil is in negative charge and has small specific surface area, the iron-aluminum oxide is in positive charge and has large specific surface area, the humus is adsorbed on the iron-aluminum oxide in an ion exchange mode to form an organic-mineral complex, and the constituent element of the complex is C 407 H 85 O 1623 N 51 Si 616 Fe 8 Al 6 S, the compound can effectively increase the porosity of the soil and reduce the viscosity of the soil so as to improve the air permeability and the water content of the soil.
(3) And (3) applying 1500-2000 kg of manure to the soil after the culture is finished, mixing the manure for 20-60d after the manure is rotten, and taking the manure as base fertilizer to increase the soil base nutrient.
(4) Adding slaked lime and a loose compound fertilizer of active soil into the decomposed soil, wherein the compound fertilizer and the soil are mixed according to the mass ratio of (0.2 to 0.6): 1 proportion, culturing for 10 to 30d, and doping the water-retaining agent in soil in a groove on the basis of the cultured soil, and culturing and mixing to obtain the soil with good soil quality after improvement. After being added, the live soil loose compound fertilizer is converted into an ionic fertilizer which is easy to absorb by crops through the action of soil microorganisms and chemical changes, so that the soil fertility is improved, the formation of soil aggregates can also be promoted, and after long-term application, humus is expanded to a deep layer, so that a loose layer of a cultivated land is thickened, and the self fertilizer efficiency of the soil is further exerted.
Further, the deep ploughing time in the step (1) is winter, and sufficient time is provided for the soil to be weathered and release nutrients from the planting season; the compacted plough base layer has the effects of water and fertilizer retention, and the thickness is 5 to 8cm; the water content of the laterite after being exposed to the sun is less than or equal to 20 percent.
Further, the waste biomass in agriculture and forestry in the step (1) is two or more of shrub deciduous leaves, bagasse, corn stalks, rice straws, wheat straws, soybean straws and peanut shells.
Further, in the step (2), the ratio of the soil to the biomass is 1: (1~4); the organic-mineral composite is a helical structure.
Further, in the step (3), the manure is organic fertilizer which is prepared by mixing pig, cattle, sheep and excrement as main materials with various gasket materials and composting.
Further, the method can be used for preparing a novel materialThe amount of the hydrated lime in the step (4) is 3 to 5kg/m 2 The water-retaining agent is polyacrylamide, and the application amount is 30 to 45kg/hm 2 。
Further, the active soil loose compound fertilizer in the step (4) comprises the following raw materials: 80-150 parts of peat, 50-100 parts of humus, 18-30 parts of potassium chloride, 15-25 parts of magnesium sulfate, 5-15 parts of fulvic acid, 10-20 parts of plant cellulose, 10-28 parts of ammonium dihydrogen phosphate and 15-30 parts of potassium sulfate.
Further, the loose soil compound fertilizer in the step (4) is prepared by mixing 85-145 parts of peat, 58-95 parts of humus, 19-28 parts of potassium chloride, 16-24 parts of magnesium sulfate, 6-14 parts of fulvic acid, 12-19 parts of plant cellulose, 11-27 parts of ammonium dihydrogen phosphate, 16-28 parts of potassium sulfate and other raw materials.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
(1) The invention adopts the agricultural and forestry waste biomass, and two or more of shrub fallen leaves, bagasse, corn stalks, rice straws, wheat straws, soybean straws and peanut shells, fully utilizes the available value of the agricultural and forestry waste, and realizes the principle of changing the agricultural and forestry waste into valuable.
(2) According to the invention, broken biomass is filled in the soil after deep ploughing, the organic matter content of the soil is increased, and the organic matter in the soil is combined with iron-aluminum oxide to generate an organic-mineral compound, so that the porosity of the soil is effectively increased, the viscosity of the soil is reduced, and the air permeability and the water content of the soil are improved. The red laterite is rich in iron-aluminum oxide minerals, and the red laterite is improved by utilizing the organic matter and the iron-aluminum oxide to combine to generate the organic-mineral compound to reasonably utilize the iron-aluminum minerals in the red laterite.
(3) In the invention, the manure is added into the soil, the manure is an organic fertilizer which is prepared by mixing poultry manure and urine as main materials with various gasket materials and composting, and the manure is used as a base fertilizer to provide base nutrients for the laterite.
(4) The invention finally adds slaked lime, the loose compound fertilizer of the live soil and the water-retaining agent into the soil, and the slaked lime is alkaline so as to adjust the acidity of the laterite to be in a neutral state; the active soil loose compound fertilizer is a novel third-generation soil fertilizer, is prepared from peat, humic acid, plant cellulose and other raw materials, is converted into an ionic fertilizer which is easy to absorb by crops through soil microbial action and chemical change after being applied to improve the soil fertility and promote the formation of soil aggregates, and after long-term application, the humus is expanded to a deep layer to thicken a loose layer of a cultivated land and further exert the self fertilizer efficiency of the soil; the water retention agent is added to further improve the water retention effect of the soil, so that the soil has the water retention capacity of normal soil.
(5) The invention not only improves the soil structure, but also adds the stable manure and the compound fertilizer, increases the soil fertility from the external conditions, provides the nutrient elements required by the growth of plants, and solves the problem of the limitation of the variety of the planted crops by the quality of the laterite improved by the method.
Detailed Description
The present invention is further illustrated by the following examples, which are not intended to be limiting in any way, and any modifications or alterations based on the teachings of the present invention are intended to fall within the scope of the present invention.
Example 1
Tea trees are planted on a certain piece of red soil in Yunnan all the year round, tea tree planting management is carried out at ordinary times, soybeans are planted after tea leaves are harvested, and due to the fact that planting conditions of crops are seriously lacked in the land, the yield of the soybeans is low. The land is treated by a method for improving the quality of the laterite by fertilizing. The specific operation steps are as follows:
(1) Deeply ploughing a laterite plough layer by a tractor plough for 30cm to ensure that the plough layer is changed from shallow to deep, naturally weathering and exposing the soil for 8 days until the water content is less than or equal to 20%, and mechanically compacting the bottom soil to form a plough layer with the thickness of 6cm during deep ploughing. Collecting agricultural and forestry waste biomass (shrub fallen leaves, bagasse, corn stalks and rice straws), naturally drying in the air, and crushing to 15mm.
(2) And (3) filling and paving the crushed biomass on the plough layer after deep ploughing, wherein the ratio of soil to biomass is 1:3, culturing for 5 months under natural conditions after mechanical even tillage, combining organic matters in the soil with iron-aluminum oxides to generate organic-mineral compounds, effectively increasing the porosity of the soil, reducing the viscosity of the soil and improving the air permeability and the water content of the soil.
(3) And applying 1800 kg/mu of stable manure in the soil to the soil after the culture is finished, mixing and then decomposing for 50 days, wherein the stable manure is formed by composting pig, cattle and sheep manure and various gasket materials and is used as a base fertilizer to increase the nutrients of the soil base.
(4) Adding 4kg/m into the decomposed soil 2 Slaked lime and active soil loose compound fertilizer, wherein the mass ratio of the compound fertilizer to soil is 0.4:1 proportion, cultivating for 20 days, and ditching in soil by using a power-storage seeder on the basis of the cultivation, wherein 35kg/hm is added into the soil 2 The polyacrylamide water-retaining agent is doped in soil, and the soil with normal soil texture after being cultured and mixed is the soil with normal soil texture after being improved. The loose soil type composite fertilizer is prepared by mixing 120 parts of peat, 80 parts of humus, 25 parts of potassium chloride, 20 parts of magnesium sulfate, 8 parts of fulvic acid, 15 parts of plant cellulose, 20 parts of ammonium dihydrogen phosphate, 24 parts of potassium sulfate and the like.
The soil properties and soybean yields after treatment by this method are shown in table 1 below;
table 1: the nature of the laterite and the soybean yield
Under the condition that the fertility improvement management is consistent with the soybean variety, the soil basic property of the field is obviously improved, and the soybean yield is also obviously improved. The method has obvious improvement effect on the improvement of the laterite quality.
Example 2
Red soil waste of a certain place in Yunnan is for many years, and the first year is ploughed for waiting for planting; because the soil is high in acidity and is lack of nutrient substances, no plants are planted, and winter wheat is sown in the field after the treatment of a method for improving the quality of red soil through fertilization in the next year. The method comprises the following specific steps:
(1) The method is characterized in that a tractor plough is used for deeply ploughing a laterite plough layer by 40cm, the plough layer is changed from shallow to deep, the soil is naturally weathered and exposed for 10 days until the water content is less than or equal to 20%, and the bottom soil is mechanically compacted to form an 8cm plough bottom layer during deep ploughing. Collecting agricultural and forestry waste biomass (shrub fallen leaves, bagasse, corn stalks and rice straws), naturally drying in the air, and crushing to 30mm.
(2) And (3) filling and paving broken biomass on a ploughing layer after deep ploughing, wherein the ratio of soil to biomass is 1:4, cultivating for 6 months under natural conditions after mechanical even ploughing, combining organic matters in the soil with iron-aluminum oxide to generate an organic-mineral compound, effectively increasing the porosity of the soil, and reducing the viscosity of the soil so as to improve the air permeability and the water content of the soil.
(3) And applying 2000 kg/mu of stable manure in the soil after the culture is finished, mixing and then decomposing for 60d, wherein the stable manure is formed by composting pig, cattle and sheep manure and various gasket materials and is used as a base fertilizer to increase the nutrients of the soil base.
(4) 5kg/m of soil after being thoroughly decomposed is added 2 Slaked lime and active soil loose compound fertilizer, wherein the mass ratio of the compound fertilizer to soil is 0.6:1 proportion, cultivating for 30 days, ditching 35kg/hm in soil by utilizing a power-storing seeder on the basis of the cultivated mixture 2 The polyacrylamide water-retaining agent is doped in soil, and the soil with normal soil texture after being cultured and mixed is the soil with normal soil texture after being improved. The loose soil type composite fertilizer is prepared by mixing 145 parts of peat, 95 parts of humus, 28 parts of potassium chloride, 24 parts of magnesium sulfate, 14 parts of fulvic acid, 19 parts of plant cellulose, 27 parts of ammonium dihydrogen phosphate, 28 parts of potassium sulfate and the like.
The soil properties and winter wheat yield after this treatment are shown in table 2 below.
After the improvement, the basic properties of the soil in the land are obviously improved, and the yield of the winter wheat is also obviously improved. The method has obvious improvement effect on the quality improvement of the laterite.
Example 3:
the method comprises the steps of newly reclaiming wasteland in red soil of a certain Yunnan land in the first year, planting potatoes after improving the soil after adding nitrogen fertilizer, phosphate fertilizer and farmyard manure in the second year, and treating the red soil by adopting a method of fertilizing to improve the quality of the red soil after harvesting the potatoes in the third year. The method comprises the following specific steps:
(1) The tractor plough is used for deeply ploughing a laterite plough layer by 25cm, so that the plough layer is changed from shallow to deep, the soil is naturally weathered and exposed for 5 days until the water content is less than or equal to 20%, and the bottom soil is mechanically compacted to form a 5cm plough layer during deep ploughing. Collecting agricultural and forestry waste biomass (shrub fallen leaves, bagasse, corn stalks and rice straws), naturally drying in the air, and crushing to 5mm.
(2) And (3) filling and paving the crushed biomass on the plough layer after deep ploughing, wherein the ratio of soil to biomass is 1:1, cultivating for 3 months under natural conditions after mechanical even ploughing, combining organic matters in the soil with iron-aluminum oxide to generate an organic-mineral compound, effectively increasing the porosity of the soil, and reducing the viscosity of the soil so as to improve the air permeability and the water content of the soil.
(3) And applying 1500 kg/mu of stable manure into the soil after the culture is finished, mixing and decomposing for 20d, wherein the stable manure is formed by composting pig, cattle and sheep manure and various gasket materials and is used as a base fertilizer to increase the base nutrients of the soil.
(4) Adding 3kg/m into the decomposed soil 2 Slaked lime and active soil loose compound fertilizer, wherein the mass ratio of the compound fertilizer to soil is 0.2:1 proportion, cultivating for 10 days, utilizing a power-storage seeder to ditch holes in soil to form 35kg/hm on the basis of cultivation 2 The polyacrylamide water-retaining agent is doped in soil, and the soil with normal soil texture after being cultured and mixed is the soil with normal soil texture after being improved. The loose soil type compound fertilizer is prepared by mixing 85 parts of peat, 58 parts of humus, 19 parts of potassium chloride, 16 parts of magnesium sulfate, 6 parts of fulvic acid, 12 parts of plant cellulose, 11 parts of ammonium dihydrogen phosphate, 16 parts of potassium sulfate and the like.
The soil properties and potato yields after treatment with this method are shown in table 3 below;
table 3: the nature of the red mud and the potato yield
Under the condition that the fertility improvement management is consistent with the potato variety, the basic soil property of the land in the third year is obviously changed, and the potato yield is also obviously improved. The method has obvious improvement effect on the improvement of the laterite quality.
Claims (8)
1. A method for fertilizing and improving the quality of laterite is characterized by comprising the following specific steps:
(1) Deeply ploughing a laterite plough layer for 25-40cm, naturally weathering and exposing the soil for 5-10d, and mechanically rolling the bottom soil to form a plough bottom layer during deep ploughing; collecting agricultural and forestry waste biomass, naturally drying in air, and crushing to 5-30mm;
(2) Filling and paving broken biomass on a deeply ploughed plough layer, mechanically ploughing uniformly, culturing for 3~6 months under natural conditions to increase soil humus, and performing ion exchange between the humus and iron-aluminum oxide in the soil to generate an organic-mineral compound;
(3) Applying 1500-2000 kg/mu of stable manure in the soil after the culture is finished, and then decomposing for 20-60d, wherein the stable manure is used as a base fertilizer;
(4) Adding slaked lime and a loose compound fertilizer of active soil into the decomposed soil, wherein the mass ratio of the compound fertilizer to the soil is (0.2 to 0.6): 1 proportion, mixing and cultivating for 10 to 30d, after cultivating, doping the water-retaining agent in soil in a groove opening, and after cultivating and mixing, obtaining improved soil.
2. A method of fertilizing improved laterite quality according to claim 1, characterised in that the deep ploughing time in step (1) is winter; the thickness of the plough bottom layer is 5 to 8cm; the water content of the laterite after being exposed to the sun is less than or equal to 20 percent.
3. A method of fertilizing improved laterite quality as claimed in claim 1 characterised in that in step (1) the agriculture and forestry waste biomass is two or more of shrub fallen leaves, bagasse, corn stover, rice straw, wheat straw, soybean stover and peanut shells.
4. The method for fertilizing and improving the quality of red mud as claimed in claim 1, characterised in that the soil to biomass ratio in step (2) is 1: (1~4); the organic-mineral composite is of a helical structure.
5. The method of fertilizing improved laterite quality as claimed in claim 1, characterised in that in step (3) said manure is organic manure consisting of pig, cattle, sheep manure mixed with various gasket materials.
6. A method of fertilizing improved laterite quality as in claim 1, characterised in that the amount of hydrated lime in step (4) is 3-5 kg/m 2 The water-retaining agent is polyacrylamide, and the application amount is 30 to 45kg/hm 2 。
7. The method for improving the quality of red soil through fertilization according to claim 1, wherein the live soil loose compound fertilizer in the step (4) comprises the following raw materials: 80-150 parts of peat, 50-100 parts of humus, 18-30 parts of potassium chloride, 15-25 parts of magnesium sulfate, 5-15 parts of fulvic acid, 10-20 parts of plant cellulose, 10-28 parts of ammonium dihydrogen phosphate and 15-30 parts of potassium sulfate.
8. The method for fertilizing and improving the quality of red soil according to claim 1, wherein the live soil loose compound fertilizer in the step (4) comprises the following raw materials: 85 to 145 parts of peat, 58 to 95 parts of humus, 19 to 28 parts of potassium chloride, 16 to 24 parts of magnesium sulfate, 6 to 14 parts of fulvic acid, 12 to 19 parts of plant cellulose, 11 to 27 parts of ammonium dihydrogen phosphate and 16 to 28 parts of potassium sulfate.
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