CN111386784A - Soil improvement method suitable for tobacco field in south - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a soil improvement method suitable for a tobacco field in the south, which comprises four steps of laterite pH value improvement, laterite base fertilizer application, laterite microbial organic fertilizer-bacterial colony adjustment and laterite green fertilizer application, wherein the laterite microbial organic fertilizer-bacterial colony adjustment step comprises the steps of placing tobacco field soil for 7 days after farmyard manure is applied, uniformly spreading the microbial organic fertilizer on the surface layer of the tobacco field soil, ridging, applying 2000kg of microbial organic compound fertilizer per mu, and spreading a layer of slaked lime again on the bottom of each ridge before ridging, wherein the thickness of the slaked lime is 1 cm. The method is suitable for soil improvement of tobacco fields in south China, particularly in Yunnan China, and on one hand, the method is combined with the planting characteristic of Yunnan indigenous soil, namely planting of potatoes to improve the soil of the tobacco fields, fully utilizes the growth of the potatoes to crush hardened soil, and utilizes stems and leaves of the potatoes as the source of green manure; the improvement method can improve the property of laterite acidity and improve the stability of microbial colony balance of tobacco field soil.

Description

Soil improvement method suitable for tobacco field in south

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of tobacco planting, in particular to a soil improvement method suitable for tobacco fields in the south.

Background

Soil in southern regions is mostly laterite, which is a product in specific natural geographical and geological environments. However, the laterite has strong acidity, which is not beneficial to the balance of microbial colonies, and causes the problem of low soil power of the laterite. The red soil is particularly prominent in Yunnan areas, which are also called as red soil plateaus, and most of the soil in Yunnan areas is red, so the red soil is called as the red soil. The agricultural yield is relatively low due to the fact that the agricultural development degree in the Yunnan region is relatively lagged relative to the agriculture in the northeast region in the middle plain region. In order to solve the problem of low crop output value, Yunnan vigorously develops high-added-value economic crops such as tobacco planting industry and the like, and solves the problem of low income of farmers to a certain extent.

However, because of the limitations of laterites, laterites must be upgraded by tobacco growers to improve tobacco yield and tobacco quality to obtain better economic revenue. The existing soil improvement modes of the laterite tobacco field have various modes, such as afforestation, land leveling, sand mixing of soil dressing, water conservancy construction strengthening, increase of the content of organic matters in laterite, scientific fertilization, lime application, adoption of a reasonable planting system and the like. Mineral fertilizers such as nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and the like can be added, nitrogen fertilizers are suitable for granular or spherical deep application, and phosphate fertilizers are suitable for being mixed with organic fertilizers to prepare granular fertilizers for application; lime is applied to reduce the acidity of the laterite; reasonably tilling; the selection of proper crops and trees, and the planting of green manure is a key measure for improving the laterite; the dry land is changed into the paddy field, the water and soil loss is reduced, the accumulation of organic matters is facilitated, and the productivity of the red soil is improved.

The soil improvement method is general, on one hand, a feasible improvement mode is not provided by combining the characteristics of the Yunnan indigenous soil, and on the other hand, the effect of improving the laterite soil only by applying farmyard manure is not ideal. The potato tuber contains 8-29% of starch, protein, mineral substances, vitamins and other ingredients, is particularly suitable for planting red soil in Yunnan, and is one of crops planted in a large range in the Yunnan area. Therefore, it is urgent to provide a method for improving soil suitable for southern areas, especially for tobacco fields in Yunnan areas.

Disclosure of Invention

In order to solve the problems, the invention provides a soil improvement method suitable for a tobacco field in the south by combining the local condition in the Yunnan area, which comprises the following steps:

step 1, laterite pH value improvement: spreading hydrated lime evenly on the surface layer of the tobacco field soil, ploughing, applying 1000-1500kg of hydrated lime for each mu of land, neutralizing the acidity of the tobacco field soil by using the acidity of the hydrated lime, promoting the benign growth of microbial colonies in the laterite, eliminating acidic substances secreted during the continuous cropping of the tobacco to a certain extent, and overcoming the continuous cropping obstacle of the tobacco;

step 2, applying a laterite base fertilizer: the tobacco field soil is placed for 7 days after the slaked lime is applied, the decomposed farmyard manure is applied on the surface layer of the tobacco field soil and ploughed uniformly, 2000kg of farmyard manure is applied per mu, the farmyard manure is rich in microelements such as calcium, phosphorus, potassium and the like, the requirement of tobacco planting is ensured,

step 3, adjusting the red soil microbial organic fertilizer-bacterial colony: after applying farmyard manure, the tobacco field soil is placed for 7 days, microbial organic fertilizer is uniformly spread on the surface layer of the tobacco field soil and ridged, 2000kg of microbial organic compound fertilizer is applied to each mu of the tobacco field soil, and before ridging, a layer of slaked lime is spread on the bottom of each ridge again, wherein the thickness of the slaked lime is 1 cm;

step 4, red soil green manure application: the steps are completed one month before potato planting, the potatoes are planted in the ridges after the potato planting, when the potatoes are harvested in the next year, potato tubers are dug out, potato stems and leaves are turned over and buried in the ridges on the spot, and the potato stems and leaves are converted into elements such as nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium and the like which can be required by tobacco growth under the degradation of soil microorganisms.

In the above steps, the manufacturing method of the farmyard manure is as follows:

mixing the livestock and poultry manure, the straws and the sawdust according to the proportion of 8: 1: 1 to obtain a base fertilizer preparation base material, and adding a leavening agent into the base fertilizer preparation base material, wherein the ratio of the base fertilizer preparation base material to the leavening agent is 1000: 1, adding a leavening agent, uniformly mixing, sprinkling water on the surface of the mixture, controlling the humidity to be 60-65%, piling and fermenting the mixture after sprinkling water, controlling the fermentation temperature to be 55-65 ℃, turning over the fermentation pile for reconstruction when the fermentation temperature reaches 75 ℃, and fermenting for 5-7 days to obtain the farmyard manure used as the base manure.

Wherein the leaven is prepared from zymophyte powder and bran according to the weight ratio of 1: 5, mixing uniformly.

The invention has the beneficial effects that: the method is suitable for soil improvement of tobacco fields in southern areas, particularly in Yunnan areas, on one hand, the soil of the tobacco fields is improved by combining the planting characteristic of the Yunnan indigenous soil, namely the planting of potatoes, the hardened soil is crushed by fully utilizing the growth of the potatoes, so that organic matters in the soil are degraded by microbial colonies in the soil and can be absorbed by tobacco produced later, and the stems and leaves of the potatoes are used as the sources of green manure, so that the method has multiple purposes, not only can the potatoes be harvested, but also green manure nutrients required by the planting of the tobacco can be supplemented; meanwhile, the improvement method can improve the acidic property of the laterite, so that the laterite is blended to be neutral and slightly alkaline, the problem of soil acidification caused by rhizosphere secretion during continuous tobacco cropping is prevented, the continuous tobacco cropping is limited, and the stability of microbial community balance of tobacco field soil is improved.

Detailed Description

The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to specific examples.

In this embodiment, a plot experiment is used to verify the planting effect of the tobacco field soil improved by the improvement method, and the test steps are as follows:

1. test apparatus and selection of materials

The tobacco variety selected in the test is Yun 97;

the zymophyte powder is obtained from Microbiol technologies, Inc. in Guangzhou;

selecting pig manure as the livestock manure;

the operations of tobacco top dressing, pesticide, sprout inhibitor and fertilization are executed according to the tobacco leaf production operating procedures of tobacco companies in Yunnan province,

the tobacco field is selected from a certain tobacco plant test field of the red river of the Yunnan province.

2. Design of experiments

By adopting a cell test method, the area of a cell is 0.1 hectare, the tobacco plant spacing is 0.55, the row spacing is 1.2m,15000 plants/hectare, the cell is divided into 3 equal-area areas and divided into 3 groups, and the application components of each group are as follows:

group D1: tobacco is planted conventionally, and the tobacco field soil is not treated.

Group D2: tobacco is planted in the tobacco field soil improved by the improvement method.

Group D3: the tobacco field soil is improved by the improvement method, but the potatoes are not planted in the front tobacco planting wheel.

3. Analysis of results

TABLE 1 comparison of agronomic traits in field for each treated flue-cured tobacco at different times

As can be seen from Table 1, in 3 growth periods of tobacco plants, different improvement methods of the D1 group, the D2 group and the D3 group have different degrees of influence on the agronomic traits of tobacco leaves, namely, the stem height, the stem circumference, the pitch, the effective leaf number and the maximum leaf length of the tobacco plants are increased first and then decreased in the stem-growth period, the vigorous growth period and the topping period. Therefore, the improved method can effectively improve the quality and yield of current tobacco planting.

In the description herein, references to the description of "one embodiment," "an example," "a specific example" or the like are intended to mean that a particular feature, structure, material, or characteristic described in connection with the embodiment or example is included in at least one embodiment or example of the invention. In this specification, the schematic representations of the terms used above do not necessarily refer to the same embodiment or example. Furthermore, the particular features, structures, materials, or characteristics described may be combined in any suitable manner in any one or more embodiments or examples.

The preferred embodiments of the invention disclosed above are intended to be illustrative only. The preferred embodiments are not intended to be exhaustive or to limit the invention to the precise embodiments disclosed. Obviously, many modifications and variations are possible in light of the above teaching. The embodiments were chosen and described in order to best explain the principles of the invention and the practical application, to thereby enable others skilled in the art to best utilize the invention. The invention is limited only by the claims and their full scope and equivalents.

Claims (3)

1. A soil improvement method suitable for southern tobacco fields is characterized by comprising the following steps:

step 1, laterite pH value improvement: spreading hydrated lime evenly on the surface layer of the tobacco field soil, and plowing, wherein 1000-1500kg of hydrated lime is applied per mu;

step 2, applying a laterite base fertilizer: placing the tobacco field soil for 7 days after applying the slaked lime, applying the decomposed farmyard manure on the surface layer of the tobacco field soil and uniformly plowing, wherein 2000kg of farmyard manure is applied per mu;

step 3, adjusting the red soil microbial organic fertilizer-bacterial colony: after applying farmyard manure, the tobacco field soil is placed for 7 days, microbial organic fertilizer is uniformly spread on the surface layer of the tobacco field soil and ridged, 2000kg of microbial organic compound fertilizer is applied to each mu of the tobacco field soil, and before ridging, a layer of slaked lime is spread on the bottom of each ridge again, wherein the thickness of the slaked lime is 1 cm;

step 4, red soil green manure application: the steps are completed one month before the potatoes are planted, the potatoes are planted in the ridges after the completion, when the potatoes are harvested in the next year, the potato tubers are dug out, and the potato stems and leaves are turned over and buried in the ridges on the spot to be used as green manure.

2. The soil improvement method applicable to southern tobacco fields according to claim 1, wherein the farmyard manure is prepared by the following steps:

mixing the livestock and poultry manure, the straws and the sawdust according to the proportion of 8: 1: 1 to obtain a base fertilizer preparation base material, and adding a leavening agent into the base fertilizer preparation base material, wherein the ratio of the base fertilizer preparation base material to the leavening agent is 1000: 1, adding a leavening agent, uniformly mixing, sprinkling water on the surface of the mixture, controlling the humidity to be 60-65%, piling and fermenting the mixture after sprinkling water, controlling the fermentation temperature to be 55-65 ℃, turning over the fermentation pile for reconstruction when the fermentation temperature reaches 75 ℃, and fermenting for 5-7 days to obtain the farmyard manure used as the base manure.

3. The soil improvement method applicable to the tobacco fields in the south of the China of claim 2, wherein the leavening agent is prepared from zymophyte powder and bran according to the weight ratio of 1: 5, mixing uniformly.