CN104488397A - Simplified straw-returning-to-field method applicable to clay paddy fields - Google Patents
Simplified straw-returning-to-field method applicable to clay paddy fields Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a simplified straw-returning-to-field method applicable to clay paddy fields. The technique of wheat harvesting, straw smashing and directly returning to field, the technique of more nitrogen application for regulating carbon nitrogen ratio of straw, the technique of applying straw decomposition additives for quickening straw decomposition and degradation, the cultivation technique of subsoiling, burying and pressing the straw and improving the poor soil profile pattern of clay, the technique of field steeping, waterlogged compost and soil acidity regulation, the technique of soil preparation and optimum balanced rice fertilization and the like are integrated.
Description
Technical field
The present invention relates to crops straw returning field comprehensive utilization and technical field of land improvement, specifically a kind of straw light being applicable to carclazyte rice field simplifies also field method.
Background technology
China is large agricultural country, agricultural product and agricultural by product enormous amount.Stalk is the principal by product of agricultural production, usual agricultural crop straw output accounts for about 50% of the biological total amount of crop, therefore China is also the big producing country of various agricultural crop straw, it is estimated that China's stalk output is every year up to about 700,000,000 tons, especially the cereal crops stalk enormous amount such as wheat, paddy rice and corn, resource is extremely abundant.
If the stalk of enormous amount can not be used effectively and digestion process, not only resource, also can become a kind of burden on society on the contrary.In recent years, along with the development of China's industrial and agricultural production, rural energy resources structure there occurs great changes, and agricultural crop straw has been no longer the main force of rural area traditional energy.The minimizing of farm cattle also make stalk consumption and cross abdomen also field amount sharply decline, cause that straw utilization space narrows, utilization reduces, stalk on-site incineration phenomenon is on the rise, although national departments concerned and local governments at various levels repeat injunctions to prohibit burn stalk, spend a large amount of manpower, material resources and financial resources to remain vigilant against, crop straw burning phenomenon still remains incessant after repeated prohibition.Current China straw resource utilization rate is also very low, about 5% is wherein only had to be applied to industry, the stalk that edible mushroom, biogas etc. consume is also very limited, a large amount of agricultural crop straws is not used effectively, but by peasant's on-site incineration, or be arbitrarily deposited in the edge of a field irrigation canals and ditches and let alone to rot, so not only cause the significant wastage of resource, also severe contamination environment.The smog that a large amount of crop straw burning produces causes haze weather both affected traffic safety, also affected body health of people.Therefore, huge stalk be effectively treated as the task of top priority, need to find new breakthrough mouth and be used.
Stalk contains a large amount of N P and K and multiple middle amount and micronutrient element, is a kind of important renewable organic manure nutrients resource.Relevant research shows, straw-returning energy fertilizing soil, keeps and increase soil fertility, and promotes crop growth, improves output.Research and develop and apply straw-returning new technology be digestion China huge stalk resource particularly the cereal crops such as wheat, paddy rice stalk, improvement and solution haze weather effectively and one of important channel, be also the effective means promoting China's agroecosystem health development.Country's a large amount of human and material resources of annual input and financial resources apply straw-returning work.
Straw-returning has multiple method, mainly contains abdomen also field, heap rotten also field, biogas natural pond liquid also also field and direct returning to farmland etc. after field, edible fungus culturing at present.Cross abdomen also the owner of farmland using the feed of the stalks such as wheat paddy rice as large-scale livestocks such as ox donkeys, organic manure also field after digestion, to be become.But the number of animals raised of rural area ox donkey sharply reduces in recent years, except plant, crossing abdomen, also field is substantially impossible.The corruption of stalk heap also needs got up by straw collecting and add the materials such as fertilizer, water and decomposing agent in field, closes and stacks, also will transport to field and use, at substantial manpower after rotting, and peasant is unwilling to apply, and promotes difficulty also very large.Go back field after straw biogas and edible fungus culturing, also there is Similar Problems.Although straw directly returning to field is comparatively laborsaving, if also field method is improper, by buried for stalk under soil, can not affect crop insemination and emergence or shoot transplanting equipment, damage by disease and insect is serious, causes the underproduction, and peasant is also unwilling to accept.Therefore, research and development straw light simplifies efficient direct returning to farmland technology, significant.
Yangze river and Huai river knob between the Changjiang river-Huaihe River, the Qinling Mountains, comprise the Yangze river and Huai river hills and neighboring area of economizing in Anhui, Jiangsu, Hubei, Zhejiang and Henan etc., it is the important agriculture producing region of China, photo-thermal water resource is enriched, agricultural production is flourishing, produce are in plenty, are the important producing regions of China paddy rice, wheat and rape, and wheat-paddy rice and rape-paddy rice crop rotation are local main crop rotation methods.In recent years unstable because Rape-seed production yields poorly by the impact of natural calamity, manufacturing machine slower development, price is always low by the impact of imported oil vegetable seed, the continuous atrophy of cultivated area.Meanwhile, Wheat Production achieves and gently simplifies mechanically actuated, and sustained production improves, and cultivated area constantly expands, and wheat-paddy rice wheel is made for main crop rotation method, and wheat straw resource is very abundant.At present, owing to lacking effective straw utilization and processing mode, wheat stalk has become a kind of burden, mostly by peasant's on-site incineration, causes a series of ecotope and social concern.
Carclazyte is one of Yangze river and Huai river knob In The Soils, topsoil is shallow, clay content is few, flour sand is many, unit weight is large, soil body consolidation, storing water and preserving fertility ability, the content of organic matter is low, available nutrient lacks, and the crop yields such as paddy rice are low and unstable for a long time, is a kind of typical low yield Types of Paddy Soils in south China area.Relevant research shows, implements wheat stalk direct returning to farmland, can effective farming area in Zuogong low yield carclazyte, improves rice yield, promotion agricultural sustainable development.Straw-returning decreases crop straw burning, protects ecotope.
Summary of the invention
The invention provides one to be applicable to carclazyte rice field, southern Yangze river and Huai river knob wheat stalk and gently to simplify also field method, be integrated with wheat stalk direct returning to farmland comprise regulate C/N ratio technology, soil deep tillage pile things on stalk and transformation carclazyte adverse soil mass construction techniques, soaked field to make compost to regulate soil acidity technology and farming wholely, the innovation such as paddy rice Optimum Fertilization Using forms.Application this method, straw light can be implemented after harvesting wheat and simplify quick direct returning to farmland, stalk fast rotting is degraded, discharge N P and K and middle amount and micronutrient element for rice in utilization, make full use of fertilizer nutrient resource in stalk, improve utilization rate of fertilizer, reduce applying quantity of chemical fertilizer, reduce agriculture production cost; Low yield carclazyte in farming area in Zuogong, improves soil organic matter content simultaneously, promotes that granular structure is formed, improves soil physical property, improves carclazyte fertilizer conservation water retention capacity, increases rice yield, promote agricultural sustainable development.Straw-returning decreases crop straw burning amount, alleviates air and pollution of waterhead, protects ecotope.
The present invention adopts following technical scheme:
The straw light being applicable to carclazyte rice field simplifies an also field method, it is characterized in that: comprise following operating procedure:
(1) straw directly returning to field
Annual late May is to early June, the wheat in carclazyte rice field or barley maturation use combine getting wheat with cutter sweep or barley afterwards in time, wheat or Barley straw are cut, shred to 8-10cm length during harvesting, wheat or the large wheat stubble height of reservation are 10-12cm; Wheat or Barley straw also field amount are 4000-5000kg/hm
2, wheat or Barley straw farm implements spread fertilizer over the fields evenly and spread out, avoiding in heaps;
(2) applied nitrogen
Applied nitrogen, is adjusted to 4.5-5.5:1 by the wheat of direct returning to farmland or the C/N ratio of Barley straw, is evenly spread fertilizer over the fields by fertilizer on wheat or Barley straw;
(3) straw decomposing inoculant is used
Use straw decomposing inoculant to accelerate the rotten degraded of wheat or Barley straw, straw decomposing inoculant amount of application is 40-50kg/hm
2, evenly spread fertilizer over the fields on wheat or Barley straw;
(4) soil deep tillage pile things on stalk
Soil is ploughed deeply with the machinery of band trench plow, clay loam below topsoil is turned over plough come up, pile things on wheat or Barley straw, and increase topsoil physical clay content, make the clay content comparatively foundation soil raising 2-5 percentage point of topsoil particle diameter <0.001mm, carclazyte plow layer sand glues ratio and reduces 0.5-1.2 numerical value, ploughing depth 18-20cm, turn over button upturned soil sheet tight, the wheat of 90-95% or Barley straw are turned over and is embedded in the soil of 10-15cm;
(5) soaked field is made compost and acid adjustment
Pour water in time after soil deep tillage, carry out soaked field and make compost, irrigate fully sufficient, keep field water layer depth higher than soil surface 2-3cm, the soaked field later stage spreads fertilizer over the fields 120-150kg/hm
2quicklime regulates soil acidity to 6.5-7.5;
(6) fertilising and whole
Use base manure after soaked field 5-7 days, comprise whole P
2o
5, K
2o, ZnO N that is fertile and 55-65% is fertile, uses before rice transplanting during whole ground; The rear small tractor that applies fertilizer carries out harrowing a field whole with small-sized creeper, rake gently, degree of depth 8-10cm; Whole ground is rice transplanting in time afterwards; Remaining N fertilizer topdresses, at twice in rice plant of tillering stage and booting stage respectively equivalent use.
Described a kind of straw light being applicable to carclazyte rice field simplifies also field method, it is characterized in that: described carclazyte rice field is the white-clay type rice field of paddy soil area, Yangze river and Huai river hills bleached paddy soil subclass, or the yellowish-white soil type rice field of waterloggogenic paddy soil subclass.
Described a kind of straw light being applicable to carclazyte rice field simplifies also field method, it is characterized in that: in step (2) amount of application of nitrogen fertilizer with pure N gauge for 25-30kg/hm
2, Fertilizers is carbonic hydroammonium, consumption 150-180kg/hm
2.
Described a kind of straw light being applicable to carclazyte rice field simplifies also field method, it is characterized in that: N, P in step (6)
2o
5, K
2o, ZnO amount of application is followed successively by 180-240kg/hm respectively
2, 40-60kg/hm
2, 60-90kg/hm
2and 4-6kg/hm
2.
Described a kind of straw light being applicable to carclazyte rice field simplifies also field method, it is characterized in that: P
2o
5, K
2o, ZnO fertilizer type is respectively superphosphate, potassium chloride and white vitriol, and consumption is followed successively by 360-510kg/hm
2, 100-150kg/hm
2and 20-30kg/hm
2, all use as base manure.
Described a kind of straw light being applicable to carclazyte rice field simplifies also field method, it is characterized in that: in step (6), the base manure kind of nitrogenous fertilizer is carbonic hydroammonium, and amount of application is 630-840kg/hm
2; In step (6), the kind of topdressing of nitrogenous fertilizer is urea, and consumption is 150-210kg/hm
2.
The straw light being applicable to carclazyte rice field simplifies an also field method, comprises following operating procedure:
(1) straw directly returning to field annual late May is to early June, Yangze river and Huai river hills carclazyte paddy soil area, results in time of racing against time after wheat or barley maturation.Use the combine getting wheat with cutter sweep or barley, while results shred wheat or Barley straw cutting to 8 ~ 10cm length, wheat or the large wheat stubble height of reservation are 10-12cm.Depending on wheat or barley growing way, wheat or the general total crop return of Barley straw, the also field amount that is suitable for is 4000 ~ 5000kg/hm
2.Wheat or Barley straw farm implements spread out and spreads fertilizer over the fields evenly, avoiding in heaps.
(2) applied nitrogen is according to going back field wheat or Barley straw nutrient content and going back field amount applied nitrogen, wheat or Barley straw C/N ratio are adjusted to 4.5-5.5:1, prevent early stage stalk from rotting absorb Soil Available N in degradation process and fight for nitrogen with paddy rice, affect the growth of paddy rice normal growth.Amount of application of nitrogen fertilizer counts 25 ~ 30kg/hm with pure N
2, kind is carbonic hydroammonium, consumption 150 ~ 180kg/hm
2.Fertilizer is evenly spread fertilizer over the fields on wheat or Barley straw.
(3) use straw decomposing inoculant and use the agent of stalk quick composting, to accelerate the rotten degraded of wheat or Barley straw, promote nutrients release.Straw decomposing inoculant amount of application, depending on the difference of the quality of production and specification, is generally 40 ~ 50kg/hm
2, evenly spread fertilizer over the fields on wheat or Barley straw.When the dosage that becomes thoroughly decomposed is few, proper amount of dry fine earth can be mixed and stirred and spread fertilizer over the fields.
(4), after the above-mentioned work of soil deep tillage pile things on stalk completes, soil deep tillage farming is implemented.Soil is ploughed deeply with the tractor of band trench plow, clay loam below topsoil is turned over plough come up, increase plow layer physical clay content, make the topsoil clay content comparatively foundation soil raising 2-5 percentage point of particle diameter <0.001mm, carclazyte plow layer sand glues ratio and reduces 0.5-1.2 numerical value, the bad proterties of improvement carclazyte topsoil flour sand too high levels, improves soil water-reataining fertilizer-keeping ability.Ploughing depth 18 ~ 20cm, turn over button upturned soil sheet tightly, the wheat of 90-95% or Barley straw are turned over and be embedded in the plough horizon of 10-15cm, remaining wheat or Barley straw may turn in the soil being embedded in 0-10cm or be present in top layer.
(5) make compost and namely discharge water or pour water after acid adjustment soil deep tillage in soaked field, carries out soaked field and make compost, and promotes that wheat or Barley straw rot to degrade.Pour water abundance, make all to turn over the soil of ploughing and can be soaked in water, field water layer depth is higher than soil 2 ~ 3cm.The soaked field later stage spreads fertilizer over the fields 150-180kg/hm
2quicklime regulates soil acidity within the scope of the weakly acidic pH of 6.5-7.5.
(6) base manure can be used in 5 ~ 7 days in fertilising and soaked field, whole ground.Fertilizing amount is different with Labile soil organic carbon according to rice varieties, in conjunction with crop-residue incorporation, and nitrogen in the time of infertility (N), phosphorus (P
2o
5), potassium (K
2o), zinc (ZnO) consumption is respectively 180 ~ 240kg/hm
2, 40 ~ 60kg/hm
2with 60 ~ 90kg/hm
2and 4-6kg/hm
2.Nitrogenous fertilizer and whole fertilizer containing P, K, Zn of 55-65% make base manure, and fertilizer type is respectively carbonic hydroammonium, superphosphate, potassium chloride and white vitriol, and consumption is followed successively by 630-840kg/hm
2, 360-510kg/hm
2, 100-150kg/hm
2and 20-30kg/hm
2, use during whole ground before rice transplanting.The rear small tractor that applies fertilizer carries out harrowing a field whole with small-sized creeper, rake gently, degree of depth 8-10cm, prevents from harrowing a field dark or is excessively turned over by buried stalk and bring up, affecting shoot transplanting equipment.Whole ground is rice transplanting in time afterwards, prevents soil shallow lake, carclazyte field pulpboard knot, affects shoot transplanting equipment.Remaining nitrogenous fertilizer topdresses, and fertilizer variety is urea, consumption 150-210kg/hm
2, points two inferior to rice plant of tillering stage and booting stage respectively equivalent use.
Compared with prior art, wheat of the present invention or Barley straw gently simplify also field method, decrease using of the rotten also field of heap rotten and compost to the collection of stalk, transport, heap, decrease the amount of labour used, significantly reduce peasant's labour intensity; Overcame abdomen also field to the dependence of the large-scale property poultry such as farm cattle.Compared with existing straw directly returning to field; add the process such as soil deep tillage pile things on stalk transformation carclazyte adverse soil mass configuration and acid adjustment improvement soil; overcome stalk and accumulate in the drawback that upper soll layer affects rice transplanting; stalk rots degraded soon; facilitate nutrients release, there is the multiple effects such as saving of labor is saved trouble, recycled stalk nutrients resource, farming area in Zuogong low-yield land and acidified soil, volume increase abridged edition increases income and preserve the ecological environment.
Beneficial effect of the present invention is:
Straw light of the present invention simplifies also field method and is applicable to the carclazyte areas, province Yangze river and Huai river hills such as Anhui, Jiangsu, Hubei and Henan.Test for many years through counties such as Changfeng, Anhui Province and Feixis more, and the demonstration in the district of multiple counties and cities of city such as Hefei, Chuzhou, Huainan, Wuhu, Xuancheng, Mount Huang and applying, low yield carclazyte rice field Be very effective in farming area in Zuogong, more obvious to low yield carclazyte effect.Application the present invention-carclazyte rice field straw light simplifies also field method, the bulk density of soil declines 5.2 ~ 9.0%, porosity increases by 3.3 ~ 5.3%, clay absolute content improves 2.5 percentage points, the sand ratio of gluing reduces by 0.6 numerical value, aqueous vapor contradiction is alleviated, and carclazyte unit weight is too high, the bad physical behavior of shallow lake pulpboard knot is improved.Soil pH raises 0.05 ~ 0.38 unit, is developed to neutral direction by subacidity; Soil organic matter content increases by 8.1 ~ 9.1%, and full phosphorus raises 9.6 ~ 16.7%; Soil available phosphorus content improves 13.9 ~ 14.4%, and quick-acting potassium content increases by 7.7 ~ 15.6%.Rice grain increase of production 12.9 ~ 16.5%, increases income 1836 ~ 2418 yuan/hm
2.Fertilizer utilization efficiency improves, and nutrient flow vector reduces.Meanwhile, crop straw burning reduces gradually, improves air and environmental quality, and ecological environment benefit is very remarkable.
The invention discloses a kind of straw light being applicable to carclazyte rice field, Yangze river and Huai river hills and simplify also field method, be integrated with harvesting wheat, crushed stalk and direct returning to farmland technology, lift-augmented mechanism regulates stalk C/N ratio technology, use straw decomposing inoculant accelerate stalk rot degradation technique, plough deeply soil pile things on stalk and improve the farming technique of carclazyte adverse soil mass configuration, soaked field makes compost and regulates soil acidity technology, whole with paddy rice Optimization Balancing fertilizer practice etc. content.
Straw-returning method of the present invention goes back the program in field after simplifying the rotten also field of stalk heap and biogas, decrease the amount of labour used, significantly reduce peasant's labour intensity; Overcome stalk cross abdomen also field to the dependence of the large-scale property poultry such as cattle and sheep; When avoiding conventional common straw directly returning to field; lack soil deep tillage and regulate that soil sand glues ratio improvement soil, stalk accumulates in upper soll layer affects the problem such as rice transplanting and the underproduction; the stalk degradation speed that rots is fast; facilitate nutrients release; avoid and strive fertilizer with paddy rice; in farming area in Zuogong, the effect in low yield carclazyte rice field is very remarkable; facilitate rice growth, there is the multiple effects such as saving of labor is saved trouble, recycled stalk nutrients resource, farming area in Zuogong middle-and-low-yielding fields and acidified soil, volume increase abridged edition increases income and preserve the ecological environment.
Embodiment
Below by embodiment, the present invention is further illustrated.
Embodiment 1
Straw light simplifies effect-2011 year field comparative's test (place: Yan Dian township, Feixi County) going back low yield carclazyte rice field in field method and farming area in Zuogong thereof.
Be the white-clay type paddy soil that Xiashu loess is grown for examination soil, organic and Content of available nutrient element is all lower, paddy rice average annual output 6500kg/hm
2left and right is middle low yield paddy field.
A kind of straw light being applicable to carclazyte rice field simplifies also field method and comprises following 6 operating procedures:
(1) before straw directly returning to field wheat in May maturation, select in advance at the place of having a good transport service of Yan Dian township a fertility evenly, fill with row and facilitate field, area 2.3 mu.After late May wheat maturation, results in time of racing against time.Use the combine getting wheat with cutter sweep, while results, wheat stalk is switched to 8 ~ 10cm length, the arrish height of reservation is at 10-12cm.Rice field is divided into 2 pieces: one piece to do straw-returning process by the ridge being a wide 60cm of high 40cm after results at the middle part of field, and another block is contrast.The field of straw-returning, all goes back field after weighing wheat stalk total amount, uses farm implements to be spread out by wheat stalk and spreads fertilizer over the fields evenly, avoiding in heaps.Do not implement the contrast field of straw-returning, with farm implements stalk hugged and totally shift out, according to Normal practice rotary tillage soil-working fertilising in former years, plant same rice shoot with straw-returning process same time, same specification.
(2) applied nitrogen is according to this test field wheat stalk nutrient content, and the field of straw-returning process uses carbonic hydroammonium 165kg/hm
2, wheat stalk C/N ratio is adjusted to 5:1.Fertilizer is evenly spread fertilizer over the fields on wheat stalk.
(3) use straw decomposing inoculant and use commodity stalk quick composting agent 45kg/hm
2, accelerate wheat stalk and rot to degrade.Ripe rotten agent is mixed and stirred the dry fine earth of 5 times of quantity, evenly spread fertilizer over the fields on wheat stalk.
(4) plough deeply after the above-mentioned work of soil pile things on stalk completes, namely farming is ploughed deeply to soil.Plough deeply soil with the tractor of band trench plow, the clay loam below topsoil is turned over plough and comes up.Ploughing depth 18-20cm, turns over button upturned soil sheet tightly, is turned over by the wheat stalk of 90-92% and be embedded in the plough horizon of 10-15cm.
(5) make compost and pour water in time after acid adjustment soil deep tillage in soaked field, carries out soaked field and make compost, and promotes that wheat stalk rots to degrade.To pour water abundance, make all to turn over the soil of ploughing and be all soaked in water, keep field water layer depth higher than soil surface 2 ~ 3cm.The soaked field later stage executes quicklime 150kg/hm
2regulate soil acidity to the weakly acidic pH scope of 6.5-7.5.
(6) fertilising and soaked field, whole ground within the 6th day, use rice basal fertilizer.This test fertilizing amount, nitrogen in the time of infertility (N), phosphorus (P
2o
5), potassium (K
2o) and zinc (ZnO) consumption be respectively 200kg/hm
2, 60kg/hm
2and 90kg/hm
2and 5kg/hm
2.Phosphorus, potassium, zinc are all used as base manure, and amounting to superphosphate is 500kg/hm
2, potassium chloride 150kg/hm
2, white vitriol 25kg/hm
2.Base manure made by 60% nitrogenous fertilizer, amounts to carbonic hydroammonium 700kg/hm
2, use during whole ground before rice transplanting.The rear small tractor that applies fertilizer carries out harrowing a field whole with small-sized creeper, rake gently, degree of depth 8-10cm, by buried wheat stalk turns over rake when preventing from harrowing a field as far as possible and come up, affect shoot transplanting equipment.Whole ground is rice transplanting in time afterwards.Remaining nitrogenous fertilizer topdresses, and amounts to urea 180kg/hm
2, points two inferior to rice plant of tillering stage and booting stage equivalent use
Comparative test result (table 1), apply straw light of the present invention and simplify also field method, carclazyte paddy soil unit weight is by the 1.680g/cm contrasted
3be down to 1.592g/cm
3decline 5.2%; Soil porosity increases to 39.92% raising 3.32 percentage points by 36.60%, and venting and water permeable ability is strengthened, and aqueous vapor contradiction is alleviated, and carclazyte unit weight bad physical behavior that is too high and shallow lake pulpboard knot is improved.In addition; bulky grain mechanical stability aggregate and water-stable aggregate quantity all obviously increase; wherein >2mm, >1mm and >0.25mm water-stable aggregate quantity improves 1.08,3.14 and 8.42 percentage points respectively, and preserve moisture and fertility ability strengthens.
Table 1 the present invention--straw light simplifies goes back field to the impact of soil nutrient content
Table 1 also shows, application the present invention-straw light simplifies the rice field of also field method, and soil pH raises 0.05 unit, slow down the process of soil acidification.Soil organic matter content improves 8.1%; Total soil nitrogen and content of tatal phosphorus raise 3.5% and 9.6% respectively; Soil alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen, available phosphorus are relative with quick-acting potassium content increases by 3.0%, 14.5% and 15.6% respectively, and soil fertility and feeder capability significantly improve, and in straw-returning farming area in Zuogong, the effect in low yield carclazyte rice field clearly.
Relatively rice grain output, the rice field that application straw light simplifies also field method reaches 7350kg/hm
2, the 6510kg/hm comparatively contrasted
2volume increase 840kg/hm
2, rate of growth is 12.9%.Calculate according to unit price 2.65 yuan/kg then, increase income 2226 yuan/hm
2, deduction stalk quick composting agent and lime cost 390 yuan/hm
2(calculating by 8 and 0.2 yuan/kg respectively), increases income 1836 yuan/hm
2.
Embodiment 2
Straw light simplifies the effect of also field method and farming area in Zuogong low yield carclazyte thereof
Straw light simplifies the method in also field and farming area in Zuogong low yield carclazyte rice field thereof and implementation process with embodiment 1.
With Luo Tang township, Changfeng County, Anhui Province for test site, soil is also the low yield white-clay type paddy soil that Xiashu loess is grown, and is excellent No. 6 of Feng Liang for examination rice varieties.
Table 2 illustrates, application the present invention-straw light simplifies also field, and carclazyte topsoil unit weight declines 9.0%, and total porosity improves 5.28 percentage points, <0.001mm clay absolute content improves 2.5 percentage points, and the sand ratio of gluing reduces by 0.6 numerical value.Carclazyte rice field pH rises to 6.51 rising, 0.38 unit by contrast 6.13, develops to neutral direction.Soil organic matter content improves 9.1%, and content of tatal phosphorus increases to 0.321g/kg by 0.275g/kg and raises 16.7%; Soil available phosphorus and quick-acting potassium content increase by 13.9% and 7.7% respectively, and fertilizer supply and preservation ability improves, and the foster and apply fertilizer effect of improvement low yield carclazyte of straw directly returning to field is more obvious.
Table 2 the present invention-straw light simplifies goes back field to the impact of carclazyte paddy soil physicochemical character
Table 3 is visible, and after implementing straw-returning, Plant Height of Rice increases 1.1cm, and effective fringe increases to 237.9 ten thousand fringes/hm by 198.9
2increase 39.0 ten thousand fringes/hm
2, spike length increases 0.7cm, and the many 32.7/fringes of plump seed number, flat grain number is down to 26.1/fringe by 27.1/fringe, and ripening rate improves 2.8 percentage points.Grain yield is by the 6540kg/hm contrasted
2be increased to the 7620kg/hm of straw-returning
2, volume increase 16.5%, deduction straw decomposing inoculant and lime cost 390 yuan/hm
2, increase income 2418 yuan/hm
2(by 2.60 yuan/kg, straw decomposing inoculant and lime calculate by 8 and 0.2 yuan/kg paddy respectively).
Table 3 the present invention-straw light simplifies the impact on paddy growth and yield traits and benefit of also field
Claims (6)
1. the straw light being applicable to carclazyte rice field simplifies an also field method, it is characterized in that: comprise following operating procedure:
(1) straw directly returning to field
Annual late May is to early June, the wheat in carclazyte rice field or barley maturation use combine getting wheat with cutter sweep or barley afterwards in time, wheat or Barley straw are cut, shred to 8-10 cm length during harvesting, wheat or the large wheat stubble height of reservation are 10-12 cm; Wheat or Barley straw also field amount are 4000-5000 kg/hm
2, wheat or Barley straw farm implements spread fertilizer over the fields evenly and spread out, avoiding in heaps;
(2) applied nitrogen
Applied nitrogen, is adjusted to 4.5-5.5:1 by the wheat of direct returning to farmland or the C/N ratio of Barley straw, is evenly spread fertilizer over the fields by fertilizer on wheat or Barley straw;
(3) straw decomposing inoculant is used
Use straw decomposing inoculant to accelerate the rotten degraded of wheat or Barley straw, straw decomposing inoculant amount of application is 40-50 kg/hm
2, evenly spread fertilizer over the fields on wheat or Barley straw;
(4) soil deep tillage pile things on stalk
Soil is ploughed deeply with the machinery of band trench plow, clay loam below topsoil is turned over plough come up, pile things on wheat or Barley straw, and increase topsoil physical clay content, make the clay content comparatively foundation soil raising 2-5 percentage point of topsoil particle diameter <0.001 mm, carclazyte plow layer sand glues ratio and reduces 0.5-1.2 numerical value, ploughing depth 18-20 cm, turn over button upturned soil sheet tight, the wheat of 90-95% or Barley straw are turned in the soil being embedded in 10-15 cm;
(5) soaked field is made compost and acid adjustment
Pour water in time after soil deep tillage, carry out soaked field and make compost, irrigate fully sufficient, keep field water layer depth higher than soil surface 2-3 cm, the soaked field later stage spreads fertilizer over the fields 120-150 kg/hm
2quicklime regulates soil acidity to 6.5-7.5;
(6) fertilising and whole
Use base manure after soaked field 5-7 days, comprise whole P
2o
5, K
2o, ZnO N that is fertile and 55-65% is fertile, uses before rice transplanting during whole ground; The rear small tractor that applies fertilizer carries out harrowing a field whole with small-sized creeper, rake gently, degree of depth 8-10 cm; Whole ground is rice transplanting in time afterwards; Remaining N fertilizer topdresses, at twice in rice plant of tillering stage and booting stage respectively equivalent use.
2. a kind of straw light being applicable to carclazyte rice field according to claim 1 simplifies also field method, it is characterized in that: described carclazyte rice field is the white-clay type rice field of paddy soil area, Yangze river and Huai river hills bleached paddy soil subclass, or the yellowish-white soil type rice field of waterloggogenic paddy soil subclass.
3. a kind of straw light being applicable to carclazyte rice field according to claim 1 simplifies also field method, it is characterized in that: in step (2) amount of application of nitrogen fertilizer with pure N gauge for 25-30 kg/hm
2, Fertilizers is carbonic hydroammonium, consumption 150-180 kg/hm
2.
4. a kind of straw light being applicable to carclazyte rice field according to claim 1 simplifies also field method, it is characterized in that: N, P in step (6)
2o
5, K
2o, ZnO amount of application is followed successively by 180-240 kg/hm respectively
2, 40-60 kg/hm
2, 60-90 kg/hm
2with 4-6 kg/hm
2.
5. a kind of straw light being applicable to carclazyte rice field according to claim 4 simplifies also field method, it is characterized in that: P
2o
5, K
2o, ZnO fertilizer type is respectively superphosphate, potassium chloride and white vitriol, and consumption is followed successively by 360-510 kg/hm
2, 100-150 kg/hm
2with 20-30 kg/hm
2, all use as base manure.
6. a kind of straw light being applicable to carclazyte rice field according to claim 4 simplifies also field method, it is characterized in that: in step (6), the base manure kind of nitrogenous fertilizer is carbonic hydroammonium, and amount of application is 630-840 kg/hm
2; In step (6), the kind of topdressing of nitrogenous fertilizer is urea, and consumption is 150-210 kg/hm
2.
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