CN115104502A - Preparation method and application of ecological garden covering - Google Patents
Preparation method and application of ecological garden covering Download PDFInfo
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- CN115104502A CN115104502A CN202210555459.2A CN202210555459A CN115104502A CN 115104502 A CN115104502 A CN 115104502A CN 202210555459 A CN202210555459 A CN 202210555459A CN 115104502 A CN115104502 A CN 115104502A
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- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 33
- 238000000855 fermentation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 239000010908 plant waste Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 239000002609 medium Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 230000004151 fermentation Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 238000009331 sowing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000001963 growth medium Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000010921 garden waste Substances 0.000 claims description 7
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- 235000011305 Capsella bursa pastoris Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 240000008867 Capsella bursa-pastoris Species 0.000 claims description 3
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- 235000010650 Hyssopus officinalis Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 244000234609 Portulaca oleracea Species 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000001855 Portulaca oleracea Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 240000008313 Pseudognaphalium affine Species 0.000 claims description 3
- 240000005592 Veronica officinalis Species 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 240000006995 Abutilon theophrasti Species 0.000 claims description 2
- 240000003870 Ageratum houstonianum Species 0.000 claims description 2
- 241000288784 Barleria cristata Species 0.000 claims description 2
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- 235000003805 Musa ABB Group Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 240000008790 Musa x paradisiaca Species 0.000 claims description 2
- 240000007019 Oxalis corniculata Species 0.000 claims description 2
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- 235000015266 Plantago major Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 244000275012 Sesbania cannabina Species 0.000 claims description 2
- 235000005187 Taraxacum officinale ssp. officinale Nutrition 0.000 claims description 2
- 241000722921 Tulipa gesneriana Species 0.000 claims description 2
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- 244000067505 Xanthium strumarium Species 0.000 claims 1
- 239000002362 mulch Substances 0.000 abstract description 5
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000009264 composting Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
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- 241000222511 Coprinus Species 0.000 description 1
- 206010021143 Hypoxia Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 241001499733 Plantago asiatica Species 0.000 description 1
- 240000003085 Quassia amara Species 0.000 description 1
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- 241001162994 Rugosus Species 0.000 description 1
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- 235000008132 Sonchus arvensis ssp. uliginosus Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 241000245665 Taraxacum Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000292546 Taraxacum mongolicum Species 0.000 description 1
- 235000010465 Veronica officinalis Nutrition 0.000 description 1
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- 241001506766 Xanthium Species 0.000 description 1
- 241001251949 Xanthium sibiricum Species 0.000 description 1
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- 230000004075 alteration Effects 0.000 description 1
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- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 238000004659 sterilization and disinfection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009333 weeding Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G20/00—Cultivation of turf, lawn or the like; Apparatus or methods therefor
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/10—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
- A01G24/22—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material containing plant material
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F17/00—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
- C05F9/00—Fertilisers from household or town refuse
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Biochemistry (AREA)
- Biotechnology (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Microbiology (AREA)
- Molecular Biology (AREA)
- Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)
Abstract
The invention provides a preparation method of an ecological garden covering, which comprises the steps of collecting kitchen garbage, carrying out anaerobic fermentation and then filtering to obtain biogas residues; collecting plant waste, cutting and crushing to obtain crushed plant waste; uniformly mixing plant wastes and biogas residues to obtain a mixture, and performing composting fermentation to obtain a culture medium; collecting natural herbaceous seeds and soil of a protogenesis environment thereof; laying a cultivation medium on the seedling raising plug tray, laying the obtained primordial soil, and sowing the collected natural herbaceous seeds; after growing under natural conditions, the ecological organic garden mulch is obtained. The ecological garden covering can simulate natural herbaceous plant communities, provides a rich micro-habitat for surface soil under the forest, realizes metabolism intercommunication of elements such as carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus and sulfur, and can provide rhizosphere water protection for greening trees and improve the survival stress resistance of the greening trees. The ecological garden cover prepared by the invention is environment-friendly, low in cost and easy to popularize and use.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of landscaping, and relates to a preparation method and application of an ecological garden covering.
Background
In urban landscaping, a layer of mulch is generally covered on the surface of a tree pit to reduce soil moisture evaporation and inhibit weeds. The coverings are generally divided into organic coverings and inorganic coverings, and the organic coverings are usually bark, broken wood blocks, dry branches and fallen leaves, shells and the like; the inorganic covering is usually volcanic rock, pebble, broken stone, ceramsite and the like. The organic covering is light in weight, is loose, is easy to be blown away by wind in the using process and is easily lost by rainwater, so that the management is not good, and the organic covering is generally bark and wood blocks which are difficult to be decomposed by microorganisms, so that the soil surface layer is in an anoxic state for a long time, and the soil structure and nutrition on the surface layer cannot be effectively improved in a circulating way; organic coatings sometimes lead to poor plant growth due to incomplete sterilization and disinfestation, and the phenomena of allelopathy that may occur. Although the inorganic covering material can not cause the oxygen deficiency of the soil surface, the inorganic covering material can cause the compaction of the soil surface to a certain degree, and the specific heat of the inorganic material is higher than that of the soil in high-temperature weather, so that the inorganic covering material can bring high-temperature damage to the surface soil and is not beneficial to the growth of plants.
In view of the above, there is an urgent need for an eco-friendly method for preparing a landscape covering.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the technical problems in the prior art, the invention provides a preparation method and application of an ecological garden covering, and the preparation method and application of the ecological garden covering aim to solve the technical problem that the garden covering in the prior art is not beneficial to plant growth.
The invention provides a preparation method of an ecological garden covering, which comprises the following steps:
(1) collecting kitchen waste, performing anaerobic fermentation, and filtering to obtain biogas residues;
(2) collecting plant waste, cutting and crushing to obtain crushed plant waste;
(3) uniformly mixing plant wastes and biogas residues according to the mass ratio of 3-6: 1 to obtain a mixture, and performing composting fermentation to obtain a cultivation medium;
(4) collecting natural herbaceous seeds and soil of a protogenesis environment thereof;
(5) paving the cultivation medium obtained in the step (3) on a seedling raising plug tray, then paving the primordial soil obtained in the step (4), and sowing the natural herbaceous seeds collected in the step (4);
(6) after growing for 90-100 days under natural conditions, the ecological organic garden covering is obtained.
Further, the plant waste in the step (2) is one or a combination of garden waste and agricultural and forestry waste.
Further, the mixture in the step (3) has the water content of 45-55% and the fermentation temperature of 25-50 ℃.
Further, the natural herbal seed in the step (4) is any one or a combination of several of speedwell, spiny sedge, shepherd's purse, dayflower, plantain herb, gnaphalium affine, quassia, cocklebur, piemarker, purslane, bermuda grass, creeping oxalis, dandelion, sow thistle, sesbania, sun spurge, hyssop, ageratum, philippine violet herb, white flower violet herb and common tulip.
Further, the sampling depth of the habitat soil in the step (4) is 1-5 cm.
Further, the paving thickness of the cultivation medium and the habitat soil in the step (5) is 1-2 cm.
Further, the number of the types of the seeds sowed in the step (5) is 5-10, and the sowing density is 50-100 seeds per plug.
The invention also provides application of the ecological garden covering prepared by any one of the preparation methods in plant introduction or transplantation.
Specifically, the application of the prepared ecological organic garden covering on the greening trees comprises the following steps:
(1) picking the seedling raising plug tray after seedling raising is finished according to rows, and picking one row and reserving one row in sequence; each row of the reserved seeds is used as a germplasm resource for preservation, a female parent is provided for seedling cultivation in the next year, and each row of selected vacant lands is sequentially placed into a new planting hole tray, so that a foundation is provided for natural herbaceous propagation in the later period.
(2) Leveling the soil on the surface layer of the tree pit, and fixing the grass-stone isolation belt.
(3) Transporting the seedling raising tray to a target tree hole, planting the natural herbs and the culture medium in the seedling raising tray on the surface of the tree hole, paving the periphery of the tree hole, watering for the first time, and watering thoroughly, and generally maintaining at the later stage.
The invention constructs natural herbaceous plant communities by using urban garden plant wastes or agricultural and forestry plant wastes, residues after fermentation of urban kitchen wastes, rural soil herbaceous seeds and other materials, transplants the natural herbaceous plant communities as garden coverings, and the ecological garden coverings can simulate the natural herbaceous plant communities, provide rich micro-habitats for surface soil under forests, realize metabolism intercommunication of elements such as carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus and sulfur and the like, simultaneously provide root-surrounding water protection for greening trees, improve the survival stress resistance of the trees, and improve the soil nutrition conversion efficiency and the water drainage and seepage capacity.
The invention has the beneficial effects that:
1. biogas residues obtained by fermenting kitchen wastes and garden wastes or agricultural wastes are used as sources of the culture medium, so that the cost is reduced, the wastes are utilized, and the environment is protected.
2. The herbaceous community is constructed by taking the local herbaceous seeds as materials, so that water and soil can be effectively maintained, and a compact root system structure cannot be formed to influence the water and nutrient metabolism of the soil.
3. The natural herbaceous plant community is constructed with multiple herbaceous seed, and space utilization is high, and the diversity of natural herbaceous can provide abundant little habitat for under-forest topsoil, improves urban afforestation arbor's resistance.
4. The method has the advantages of simple operation, wide raw material source and easy popularization.
Detailed description of the preferred embodiments
The present invention will be described in detail with reference to specific embodiments, which are only preferred technical solutions of the present invention and should not be construed as limiting the present invention. The scope of the present invention is defined by the claims, and is intended to include equivalents of the features of the claims. I.e., equivalent alterations and modifications within the scope hereof, are also intended to be within the scope of the invention.
EXAMPLE 1 preparation of herbaceous cultivation Medium
(1) Collecting the municipal kitchen waste, putting all the municipal kitchen waste into a fermentation tank, performing anaerobic fermentation, and filtering to obtain biogas residues.
(2) And collecting the urban garden waste, and crushing the urban garden waste into 2cm in length by using a cutting machine to obtain crushed garden waste.
(3) Mixing the biogas residues obtained in the step (1) and the garden wastes obtained in the step (2) according to a mass ratio of 1: 4, and obtaining the aerobic fermentation pile body.
(4) And (4) adjusting the water content of the pile body in the step (3) to 50%, and the fermentation temperature to 25-50 ℃, and continuously performing composting fermentation for 45 days to obtain a natural herbaceous cultivation medium.
Example 2 preparation of landscape coverings
(1) Collecting natural herbaceous seeds: comprises any one or more of common Veronica officinalis, Aralia elata, Capsella bursa-pastoris, Commelina communis, Plantago asiatica, Gnaphalium affine, Coprinus quasiliensis, Xanthium sibiricum, Abutilon abutilon, purslane, Cynodon dactylon, Oxalium oxalicum, Taraxacum mongolicum, Sonchus arvensis, Euphorbia helioscopia, hyssop, Agastache rugosus, Viola yedoensis, herba Hedyotidis Diffusae, and herba Crotalariae.
(2) Collecting the natural herbaceous habitat soil with the depth of 1-5cm in the step (1), and storing in a dry and cool place.
(3) After clearing in spring, 1 open nursery of 1 mu is selected, the nursery is neatly finished and leveled, a 30 cm-30 cm grid planting hole tray is prepared to be tightly and squarely paved with the nursery, and the cultivation medium prepared in the embodiment 1 with the thickness of 1cm is paved in the seedling raising hole tray.
(4) And (3) uniformly spreading the soil of the primordial environment collected in the step (2) on the surface of a compost product (the cultivation medium in the step (3)) with the thickness of 1cm to obtain a seedling culture plug tray containing soil.
(5) Randomly selecting the herbaceous seeds collected in the step (1), uniformly sowing the herbaceous seeds on the soil surface of a seedling raising hole tray, wherein the sowing density is 80 seeds/hole tray, covering the hole tray with fine soil, then softly watering the hole tray to enable the seedling raising hole tray to be thoroughly watered, mainly carrying out natural rainfall in the later period, not covering a film, not heating, and sowing, germinating and growing under natural conditions. After 100 days, garden mulch was obtained.
(6) And (4) selecting a row of the garden covering prepared in the row selecting step (5) and keeping the row in sequence. Each row is preserved as a germplasm resource, and a female parent resource is provided for seedling culture in the next year. And (4) sequentially placing a new planting hole tray in each row of selected vacant lands for cultivating the garden mulch.
Example 3 pit coverage
Experimental groups: transporting the garden mulch prepared in example 2 to the tree hole of the pomelo tree, leveling the soil on the surface of the tree hole, fixing the grass-stone isolation belt, planting the natural herbs in the seedling tray together with the culture medium on the surface of the tree hole, paving the periphery of the tree hole, watering and watering thoroughly, and performing general maintenance at the later stage.
Control group 1: the method is characterized in that tree holes of the pomelo trees are not covered, watering is carried out on the first day, the water amount is the same as that of an experimental group, weeding is carried out for 5-10 days, the tree holes are always kept in a naked and uncovered state, and post-maintenance treatment is carried out on the same experimental group.
Control group 2: the tree pits of the shaddock trees are not treated, watering is carried out on the first day, the water amount is the same as that of an experimental group, and the later-period maintenance treatment is the same as that of the experimental group.
The experimental, control 1 and control 2 groups were each set up with 3 biological replicates. And statistics of data were performed one year later.
TABLE 1 physicochemical Properties of the pits under different covering conditions
The combination of table 1 shows that natural plants in the artificially covered tree pits almost cover the periphery of the tree pits, the physical and chemical properties of the soil are obviously superior to those of the control group, and the soil infiltration rate, volume weight, total porosity, saturated water holding capacity and organic matter content of the experimental group are obviously higher than those of the control group. The soil infiltration rate of the experimental group is higher than that of the contrast by nearly 300 percent, the volume weight is lower than that of the contrast by nearly 10 percent, the total porosity is higher than that of the contrast by nearly 25 percent, the saturated water holding capacity is higher than that of the contrast by nearly 24 percent, and the organic matter is higher than that of the contrast by more than 50 percent.
Claims (8)
1. A preparation method of an ecological garden covering is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) collecting kitchen waste, performing anaerobic fermentation, and filtering to obtain biogas residues;
(2) collecting plant waste, cutting and crushing to obtain crushed plant waste;
(3) uniformly mixing plant wastes and biogas residues according to the mass ratio of 3-6: 1 to obtain a mixture, and performing compost fermentation to obtain a culture medium;
(4) collecting natural herbaceous seeds and soil of a protogenesis environment thereof;
(5) paving the cultivation medium obtained in the step (3) on a seedling raising plug tray, then paving the primordial soil obtained in the step (4), and sowing the natural herbaceous seeds collected in the step (4);
(6) after growing for 90-100 days under natural conditions, the ecological organic garden covering is obtained.
2. The method for preparing an ecological garden covering according to claim 1, wherein: the plant waste in the step (2) is one or a combination of garden waste and agricultural and forestry waste.
3. The method for preparing an ecological garden covering, according to claim 1, wherein: the water content of the mixture in the step (3) is 45-55%, and the fermentation temperature is 25-50 ℃.
4. The method for preparing an ecological garden covering according to claim 1, wherein: the natural herbal seeds in the step (4) are any one or a combination of several of speedwell, spiny thistle herb, shepherdspurse herb, common dayflower herb, plantain herb, gnaphalium affine, yellow quack, cocklebur, piemarker, purslane, bermuda grass, creeping oxalis, dandelion, common sow thistle, sesbania, sun euphorbia herb, hyssop, ageratum thistle, philippine violet herb, oldenlandia and common tulip.
5. The method for preparing an ecological garden covering according to claim 1, wherein: and (5) the sampling depth of the primordial environment soil in the step (4) is 1-5 cm.
6. The method for preparing an ecological garden covering according to claim 1, wherein: and (5) paving the cultivation medium and the habitat soil to a thickness of 1-2 cm.
7. The method for preparing an ecological garden covering according to claim 1, wherein: the variety and quantity of the seeds sowed in the step (5) are 5-10, and the sowing density is 50-100 seeds/plug.
8. Use of the ecological landscape covering prepared by any one of the preparation methods of claims 1 to 7 in plant introduction or transplantation.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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| CN202210555459.2A CN115104502A (en) | 2022-05-19 | 2022-05-19 | Preparation method and application of ecological garden covering |
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|---|---|---|---|
| CN202210555459.2A CN115104502A (en) | 2022-05-19 | 2022-05-19 | Preparation method and application of ecological garden covering |
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| CN115104502A true CN115104502A (en) | 2022-09-27 |
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| CN202210555459.2A Pending CN115104502A (en) | 2022-05-19 | 2022-05-19 | Preparation method and application of ecological garden covering |
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2022
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