CN107637405B

CN107637405B - Method for cultivating negative-resistance module of pepper plant by using agricultural wastes and application of negative-resistance module in greening engineering

Info

Publication number: CN107637405B
Application number: CN201710900745.7A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 林石狮; 任随周; 汤历; 陈钰婷; 高玉蓉; 李远航; 何司彦; 罗连
Original assignee: Guangdong Vocational College of Environmental Protection Engineering
Current assignee: Guangdong Vocational College of Environmental Protection Engineering
Priority date: 2017-09-28
Filing date: 2017-09-28
Publication date: 2020-09-15
Anticipated expiration: 2037-09-28
Also published as: CN107637405A

Abstract

The invention discloses a method for cultivating a negative-tolerant module of a pepper plant by using agricultural wastes and application of the negative-tolerant module in greening engineering. The method is a new and efficient method for cultivating the pepper plants by utilizing the agricultural wastes, and the cultivated pepper plants can form the negative-resistant modules of the pepper plants and have the advantages of strong negative resistance, strong barrenness resistance and the like. The pepper plant shade-tolerant module cultivated by the method can be used as a subtropical shade-tolerant plant landscape module, is used in landscaping, landscape greening and indoor greening engineering, can create a characteristic green ecological landscape, improves the biological diversity of areas, can integrally enhance the ecological benefit and the landscape benefit, and has good application prospect.

Description

Method for cultivating negative-resistance module of pepper plant by using agricultural wastes and application of negative-resistance module in greening engineering

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the technical field of landscaping engineering, and particularly relates to a method for cultivating a negative-tolerant module of a pepper plant by using agricultural wastes and application of the negative-tolerant module in the landscaping engineering.

Background

Piper sarmentosum belongs to the genus Piper of the family Piperaceae and is a perennial, creeping, nodulated and rooted herb with a length of up to 10 meters. The leaf is near membranous, has a thin gland point, is 7-14 cm long, 6-13 cm wide, short and sharp at the top end, and is heart-shaped or rare and truncated at the base part; 7 veins, with prominence on the back. Parthenocarpy, a heterogynic plant, aggregates into panicles that are leaf-specific. The berries are nearly spherical, have 4 angular edges, have no hairs and have the diameter of 2.5-3 mm. The flowering period is 4-11 months. The strain is produced in Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Yunnan, Guizhou and Tibet (ink loss) provinces. It is grown under the forest or on the wet land beside the village. India, vietnam, malaysia, philippines, indonesia, babu new-guinea also exist.

Piper nigrum (Peperomia pellucida) belongs to the genus Pepper of the family Piperaceae, is an annual fleshy herb, and has a height of 20-40 cm; stem erect or basal sometimes horizontal, leaf intergrowth, membranous, translucent, broad oval or ovoid triangular, approximately equal in length and width, about 1-3.5 cm. Panicle-like inflorescence is growing at the top and growing with leaves. Berry is spherical, pointed at the top, and about 0.5 mm in diameter. The flowering period is 4-7 months. Produced in the southern parts of Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi and Yunnan provinces. The native tropical America is widely distributed in various tropical regions.

The under-forest green land landscape construction of the park is a bright point of ecological garden construction, particularly the sheltering property of the existing composite garden community is strong, so that large blocks of bare lawn can easily appear due to serious insufficient sunlight generally, and only a small amount of ground cover type garden plants are suitable for under-forest landscaping in subtropical and tropical areas, so that better plant combinations, particularly low ground cover type rural soil plants, are urgently needed to be screened to construct better under-forest green landscape.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to: the method for cultivating the negative-resistance module of the pepper plant by utilizing the agricultural wastes and the application of the method in greening engineering are provided.

In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides a method for cultivating a negative resistance module of a pepper family plant using agricultural wastes, comprising the steps of:

(1) pretreating a culture medium mainly comprising agricultural wastes: when rice is harvested, rice hulls and rice straws are collected, and the rice straws and pond sludge are mixed according to the ratio of 100: 1-2, and covering a plastic cloth for natural fermentation; carrying out high-temperature treatment on the rice hulls by using a simple small carbonization furnace to obtain carbonized rice hulls, soaking the carbonized rice hulls in water for 2-3 days, and then drying the carbonized rice hulls in the sun;

(2) preparing a culture medium mainly comprising agricultural wastes: mixing the rice straw fermented in the step (1), the dried carbonized rice hulls, the red loam and the pond sludge according to a ratio of 4:2:2:2, adjusting the pH to 6.5-7.0 by using calcium superphosphate, adding a base fertilizer formed by mixing dried chicken manure and plant ash in a volume ratio of 1:1 according to a mass ratio of 50: 4-5, and uniformly stirring before cultivation and sowing to obtain a cultivation substrate;

(3) introduction of pepper plants: soaking caulis Piperis sarmentosi and Piper betle of Piperaceae in water for use;

(4) cultivation, management and protection: taking a shallow seedling tray as a container to prevent the root system from growing too deeply, pouring the culture medium obtained in the step (2), implanting the sarmentosum bungei and the pepper obtained in the step (3) into the culture medium, watering thoroughly, placing the seedling tray below a greenhouse seedbed in the first two weeks, and watering thoroughly for 1 time according to the weather for 2-3 days; moving to a nursery after two weeks, and building a shading shed to form the pepper plant shade-tolerant module.

As a preferable technical scheme of the method for cultivating the shade-tolerant module of the pepper family plant by using the agricultural wastes, in the step (1), the rice straw is cut into short strips of 5-8cm before being mixed with pond sludge.

As a preferable technical scheme of the method for cultivating the shade-tolerant module of the pepper family by utilizing the agricultural wastes, in the step (1), the natural fermentation time is 60-80 days, and the turning is performed once every 1-2 weeks.

As a preferable technical scheme of the method for cultivating the anion-resistant module of the pepper family by utilizing the agricultural wastes, in the step (1), the high-temperature treatment time is 20-30 min.

As a preferable technical scheme of the method for cultivating the shade-tolerant module of the pepper family by utilizing the agricultural wastes, in the step (3), the introduction method of the sarmentosum comprises the following steps: selecting healthy sarmentosum from a natural habitat, digging out the whole plant, cutting off 1/2-2/3 leaves, soaking the whole plant in water for 3 hours, standing for 1-2 days every 15L of water, and then adding 1.2g of NAA and 0.5g of IBA;

the introduction method of the pepper comprises the following steps: selecting healthy pepper from a natural habitat, digging out the whole plant, cutting off 1/2-2/3 leaves, soaking the root of the pepper in water for 1h, standing for 1-2 days every 15L of water, and then adding NAA 0.2g.

As a preferable technical scheme of the method for cultivating the negative-resistance module of the pepper family by utilizing the agricultural wastes, in the step (4), the thickness of the cultivation substrate is 2-3 cm.

As a preferred technical scheme of the method for cultivating the shade-tolerant module of the pepper family by utilizing the agricultural wastes, in the step (4), before the sarmentosum is planted, the rhizomes are firstly cut into 5-10cm sections, and then the rhizomes are horizontally buried; the planting ratio of the piper sarmentosum to the pepper plants is 4: 1; the shading shed is obtained by building bamboo poles and shading nets and is 0.5-1m high. In practical application, 3-4 layers of shading nets can be stacked according to the canopy density, the whole illumination under the shading shed is 1/2-1/3 of normal illumination intensity, and ventilation is guaranteed in the cultivation process.

As an optimized technical scheme of the method for cultivating the negative-tolerant module of the pepper plant by utilizing the agricultural wastes, after the piper sarmentosum and the piper spicatum are planted, in the growth period, 2500mg/L of a normal 2-chloroethyl trimethyl ammonium chloride solution is sprayed to the leaf surfaces every 1-2 months; spraying the compound fertilizer every 2-3 weeks, wherein the compound fertilizer isUrea: p₂O₅: KCl is mixed according to the ratio of 1:1:2, and the concentration is 4000 times.

As a preferred technical scheme of the method for cultivating the shade-tolerant module of the pepper family plant by utilizing the agricultural wastes, the method can be used for preventing fungal diseases by using 1-time carbendazim spraying every week, for example, the pepper family plant continuously rains in summer and the fungal diseases need to be noticed when the humidity is too high.

The pepper plant obtained by the method for cultivating the pepper plant can form an independent and flaky laetispica and piper betulaefolia plant negative-resistant module after 3-4 months after normal growth.

The invention discloses a pepper plant shade-tolerant module which can be used as a subtropical shade-tolerant plant landscape module and used in greening engineering, such as landscaping, landscape greening, indoor greening and the like.

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following advantages:

the pepper plant shade-tolerant module cultivated by the method can be used in landscaping, landscape greening and indoor greening projects, can create a characteristic green ecological landscape, improves the biological diversity of a region, can integrally enhance the ecological benefit and the landscape benefit, and has a good application prospect.

Drawings

The method and the advantages of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings and the following detailed description.

FIGS. 1-3 show the modules of Piper sarmentosum and Piper spicatum plants cultured by the method of the present invention.

Detailed Description

In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantageous technical effects of the present invention clearer, the present invention is further described in detail with reference to the following embodiments. It should be understood that the embodiments described in this specification are only for the purpose of illustrating the invention and are not to be construed as limiting the invention, and the parameters, proportions and the like of the embodiments may be suitably selected without materially affecting the results.

Examples

A place: guangdong environmental protection engineering profession college

Time: 3 months-2017 months in 2014

(1) Introduction of sarmentosum bunge. In spring and summer, a tap water bucket is prepared, and is kept stand for 1-2 days after being filled with water. On the basis of the preliminary experiment, 4 groups were set. Adding NAA 0.8g, NAA1.2g, NAA 0.8g + IBA0.5g, NAA1.2g + IBA0.5g into 15L water bucket. Selecting a healthy sarmentosum group in old houses and in shady and wet places of the Danzhong town, digging the whole plant back to a nursery garden, cutting off 1/2-2/3 leaves, soaking the whole sarmentosum group in a bucket, soaking for 3h, taking out, cutting into 5-10cm sections, and horizontally embedding the sections into a seedling culture disc. The matrix is fine river sand, a certain humidity is kept, and 10 plants are arranged in each group; the root growth was observed after 2 weeks.

TABLE 1 Piper hancei rooting percentage

The experimental results show that the rooting rate reaches 100% by using the group of 1.2g NAA and 0.5g IBA, and new roots are white, healthy and dense, so that the experimental group with a good effect is obtained. The rooting rate of the group of 0.8g NAA and 0.5g IBA reaches 100 percent, but the new roots are weak in growth and generally dense. NAA 0.8g, rooting rate 60%, and new roots are white, healthy and sparse. NAA1.2g, the rooting rate is 90%, and new roots are white, healthy and generally dense.

(2) Introduction of the pepper grass. 4 groups were set. Adding NAA0.2g, NAA 0.4g, NAA0.2g + IBA 0.1g, NAA 0.4g + IBA 0.1g into 15L water bucket, and pouring into shallow basin. Selecting healthy pepper populations in old houses and in the shady and humid places of the Danzhong town, digging the whole plant back to a nursery garden, cutting off 1/2-2/3 leaves, soaking the roots of the pepper in a shallow basin, and soaking for 1 hour. After treatment, the seedlings are cultivated in seedling trays, the medium is fine river sand, certain humidity is kept, and 10 seedlings in each group are planted; the root growth was observed after 2 weeks.

TABLE 2 Piper nigrum transplantation rooting conditions

Serial number	Concentration of	Condition of transplantation rooting (2 weeks)	Overall growth and rooting
				1	NAA 0.2g	100％	High overall survival rate, little new root, white and healthy
2	NAA 0.4g	50％	The whole survival rate is low, and the survival plants have a small amount of new roots
				3	NAA0.2g+IBA 0.1g	80％	High overall survival rate and few new roots
4	NAA 0.4g+IBA 0.1g	20％	Low overall survival and no new root

As can be seen from the experimental results, the group using 0.2g of NAA has a rooting rate of 100%, and has high overall survival rate, a small amount of new roots, white color and health. The group NAA of 0.4g has the rooting rate of 50 percent, the overall survival is low, and the survival plants have a small amount of new roots. NAA0.2g + IBA 0.1g, the rooting rate is 80%, the overall survival is higher, and a small amount of new roots exist. The combination of NAA 0.4g and IBA 0.1g has a rooting rate of 20 percent, low overall survival rate and no new roots.

(3) Pretreating the culture medium mainly comprising agricultural wastes. And (3) collecting rice hulls and rice straws for later use when rice is harvested. A. Cutting the rice straws of the agricultural wastes into 5-8cm short strips by using a simple cutting machine, mixing the rice straws of each ton with pond mud of 10-20kg, placing the mixture on a nursery land after stirring, and covering a plastic cloth for natural fermentation for 60-80 days. The period is turned over every 1-2 weeks. B. Placing the rice hull in a simple small carbonization furnace, treating at high temperature for 20-30min to obtain carbonized rice hull, soaking the carbonized rice hull in a bucket for 2-3 days, taking out, and tedding to dry.

(4) Preparing a culture medium mainly comprising agricultural wastes. According to the volume ratio, the weight ratio of rice straws: carbonizing rice hulls: red loam: mixing pond sludge at a ratio of 4:2:2:2, stirring, adjusting pH to 6.5-7.0 with calcium superphosphate, and adjusting pH to be acidic. And adding a base fertilizer formed by mixing dry chicken manure and plant ash according to the volume ratio of 1:1 into each ton of the fertilizer according to the proportion of 80-100kg, and uniformly stirring the mixture before cultivation and sowing.

(5) And (5) planting. 4 matrix control groups were set up, each group planted with 20 piper sarmentosum and 10 piper nigrum. The matrix is respectively: the composite substrate mainly comprises agricultural wastes, peat soil, pond sludge and ceramsite in a volume ratio of 3:1:1, red loam, pond sludge and ceramsite in a volume ratio of 3:1:1, and red loam, peat soil and pond sludge in a volume ratio of 3:1: 1. Shallow seedling-raising trays are used as containers to avoid the over-deep growth of root systems. Pouring mixed matrix with thickness of 2-3cm, the plant number ratio of caulis et folium piperis sarmentosi and fructus Piperis in each seedling-raising tray is 4:1, cutting rhizome into 5-10cm sections, and burying horizontally; the grass pepper is directly planted. Watering thoroughly after planting. And (3) placing the seedling culture plate below a greenhouse seedbed 2 weeks before planting, and watering for 1 time according to the weather for 2-3 days.

(6) And managing and maintaining the cultivation mode. After checking the normal growth of the sarmentosum and the pepper, moving the seedling culture disc to a nursery, establishing a small shade shed with the height of 0.5-1m by using small bamboo poles and a shading net, and superposing the shading net into 3-4 layers according to the actual closing degree in the garden to ensure that the overall illumination under the small shade shed is 1/2-1/3 of normal illumination intensity. The ventilation is ensured in the cultivation process.

TABLE 3 comparison of the growth of piper sarmentosum and piper nigrum

From the experimental results, the group using the mixed matrix mainly containing agricultural wastes is vigorous in overall growth, the leaves of the piper sarmentosum and the piper nigrum are dense and dark green, the piper sarmentosum forms more branches, and the root system is white, dense and healthy. No plant diseases and insect pests. Meanwhile, the sarmentosum can form a relatively tidy plane and grow well. The peat soil, the pond sludge and the ceramsite are combined in a volume ratio of 3:1:1, so that the peat soil, the pond sludge and the ceramsite have good overall growth vigor, dense and dark green leaves and white, dense and healthy root systems. No plant diseases and insect pests. The whole is comparatively mixed and disorderly, and whole comparatively short and small. The red loam, pond sludge and ceramsite are combined according to the volume ratio of 3:1:1, the whole growth vigor is general, the leaves of the piper sarmentosum and the piper spicatum are sparse, and the root systems are white, dense and healthy. No plant diseases and insect pests. The whole is sparse and short. The red loam, the peat soil and the pond sludge in the volume ratio of 3:1:1 are used, the whole growth vigor is poor, the whole height is low, the leaves of the piper sarmentosum and the piper spicatum are sparse, and the root systems are white, dense and healthy. No plant diseases and insect pests. And the whole is sparse, short and thin.

(7) Controlling the growth of the vain and controlling the fertilizer. In the growth period, every 1-2 months, 2500mg/L of n-2-chloroethyl trimethyl ammonium chloride solution is prepared and sprayed on the leaf surfaces. Spraying fertilizer for 1 time every 2-3 weeks according to the growth vigor of the fertilizer, wherein the fertilizer is a compound fertilizer, and the fertilizer is prepared from urea in a volume ratio of: p₂O₅: KCl is 1:1:2, the concentration is 4000 times, and multiple thin fertilizers are applied.

(8) And (5) controlling plant diseases and insect pests. In the case of ensuring ventilation, no plant diseases or insect pests generally occur. If it is raining continuously in summer and fungus diseases need to be noticed when humidity is too high, carbendazim can be sprayed for prevention for 1 time every week.

(8) And (5) module transplanting. After 3-4 months, individual, flaky modules of piper sarmentosum plus piper nigrum plants can be formed. During transplanting, the forest bare land in the green area in the presorted college is firstly dug loose, a layer of peat soil is laid, the plant module is taken down from the whole seedling raising plate and laid on the seedling raising plate, and the plant module is poured and watered thoroughly after being compacted.

(9) And (5) carrying out comparative observation. In the green areas of the academy, sarmentosum and pepper plant modules, mussel (Rhoodiisocolor), Taiwan grass (Zoysia tenuifolia), Syngonium tuberosum (Syngonium podophyllum), Indian gold (Arachis pintoi), Loropetalum chinense (Lorotalum chinense), Wedelia trilobata (Wedelia trilobata), Ophiopogon bodieri and the like are co-planted. In the 2 years of greening management and maintenance work, the growth vigor is shown in the following table.

TABLE 4 comparison of growth of various under-forest plants

In the 2 years of campus greening management, the piper sarmentosum and pepper plant module is found to have good negative resistance and have obvious advantages compared with lawn grass, such as Taiwan grass, gold in the whole land and the like, and no bare land can appear. Meanwhile, the traditional Chinese medicine composition is an important supplement for a large amount of shrubs and groundsils which are more positive at present, and the current common synanthus tuberosus, red flower loropetalum and red flower loropetalum are more positive. The module is more suitable for being used as a greening plant than Ophiopogon japonicus and Unionidae with better negative resistance, and the module is tidy and presents bright dark green with good growth vigor.

Appropriate changes and modifications to the embodiments described above will become apparent to those skilled in the art from the disclosure and teachings of the foregoing description. Therefore, the present invention is not limited to the specific embodiments disclosed and described above, and some modifications and variations of the present invention should fall within the scope of the claims of the present invention. Furthermore, although specific terms are employed herein, they are used in a generic and descriptive sense only and not for purposes of limitation.

Claims

1. A method for cultivating a negative-tolerant module of a pepper plant by using agricultural wastes is characterized by comprising the following steps:

(1) pretreating a culture medium mainly comprising agricultural wastes: when rice is harvested, rice hulls and rice straws are collected, and the rice straws and pond sludge are mixed according to the ratio of 100: 1-2, and naturally fermenting; treating the rice hulls at high temperature to obtain carbonized rice hulls, soaking the carbonized rice hulls in water for 2-3 days, and then drying the carbonized rice hulls in the sun;

(2) preparing a culture medium mainly comprising agricultural wastes: mixing the rice straw fermented in the step (1), the dried carbonized rice hulls, the red loam and the pond sludge according to a ratio of 4:2:2:2, adjusting the pH value to 6.5-7.0, adding a base fertilizer formed by mixing dried chicken manure and plant ash in a volume ratio of 1:1 according to a mass ratio of 50: 4-5, and uniformly stirring to obtain a culture medium;

(4) cultivation, management and protection: pouring the culture medium obtained in the step (2) into a seedling tray serving as a container, implanting the sarmentosum and the piper nigrum obtained in the step (3) into the culture medium, placing the seedling tray below a greenhouse seedbed in the first two weeks, moving the seedling tray to a nursery after two weeks, and building a shading shed to form a pepper plant shade-tolerant module;

in the step (1), cutting the rice straws into 5-8cm short strips before mixing the rice straws with pond sludge;

in the step (1), the natural fermentation time is 60-80 days, and the fermentation is turned over once every 1-2 weeks;

in the step (1), the high-temperature treatment time is 20-30 min;

in the step (3), the introduction method of the sarmentosum bungei comprises the following steps: selecting healthy sarmentosum, digging out the whole plant, cutting off 1/2-2/3 leaves, soaking in water for 3 hours, and adding 2g of NAA1.2g and IBA0.5g in every 15L of water; the introduction method of the pepper comprises the following steps: selecting healthy pepper plants, digging out the whole plant, cutting off 1/2-2/3 leaves, soaking in water for 1h, and adding NAA0.2g in each 15L of water;

in the step (4), the thickness of the culture medium is 2-3 cm;

in the step (4), before the sarmentosum is implanted, cutting the rhizome into 5-10cm sections, and then implanting; the planting ratio of the piper sarmentosum to the pepper plants is 4: 1; the shading shed is obtained by building bamboo poles and shading nets and is 0.5-1m high;

after the piper sarmentosum and the piper nigrum are planted, in the growth period, 2500mg/L of n-2-chloroethyl trimethyl ammonium chloride solution is sprayed to the leaf surfaces every 1-2 months; spraying the compound fertilizer every 2-3 weeks, wherein the compound fertilizer is urea: P2O 5: KCl is mixed according to the volume ratio of 1:1:2, and the concentration is 4000 times.

2. The method of cultivating the negative-tolerance module of pepper family plant as claimed in claim 1.

3. Use of the piperiaceae plant shade-tolerant module of claim 2 in greening.