CN114938754B - Method for controlling vigorous growth, updating and promoting setting of late-maturing walnut in childhood - Google Patents
Method for controlling vigorous growth, updating and promoting setting of late-maturing walnut in childhood Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of fruit tree cultivation, and provides a method for controlling vigorous growth, updating and promoting fruiting of late-fruiting walnut in childhood, which comprises the following steps of S1, topping and controlling tree vigor before vigorous growth; s2, main branch vertical top dominance control: opening the angle of the base angle of the main branch to 70-80 degrees; s3, by grading and re-cutting main branches, erasing ineffective buds and cutting buds, and retracting long main branches to control vigorous growth and overgrowth of each grade of main branches of the tree body; s4, controlling the current-year primary branches to be vigorous through pinching and controlling the current-year primary branch angles. By the technical scheme, the problems of low branch germination and branch emergence weakness, small proportion of middle and short branches, outward movement of fruiting parts and small fruit setting number caused by overgrowth of walnut in childhood nutrition in the prior art are solved.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of fruit tree cultivation, in particular to a method for controlling vigorous growth, updating and promoting fruiting of late-bearing walnut in childhood.
Background
Walnut (Juglans regia l.) is also known as walnut, a plant of the Juglandaceae (Juglandaceae), is an important woody oil tree species, is rich in nutrition and has valuable medicinal value. The early fruiting age and the late fruiting age can be classified into early fruiting type and late fruiting type 2, and compared with early fruiting walnut, the late fruiting walnut has the advantages of high tree body, strong resistance, drought resistance, frost resistance, soil barrenness resistance, long service life and the like. The characteristic of the young walnut tree is strong in growth vigor, the nutrition growth is too vigorous, the growth amount is large, the dryness is strong, the top end advantage is extremely obvious, the annual upright branches can reach 3-4 meters, but the excellent characteristic can be harmful if the annual upright branches cannot be well utilized, the young walnut tree can be caused to be more overgrown, the young walnut tree is easily subjected to freeze injury and drawing, the lower branch buds germinate and develop weak, the relatively vigorous long branches and the 'light leg branches' are easily formed, the crown is easily formed into a strong head and a big head, the lower part is blocked and closed, the inner bore is empty, the result part is moved outwards, the crown top end and the peripheral result are easily formed, ninety percent of space is not utilized, and the fruit setting number is small. So the control of the walnut in the childhood is a key for solving the problems of high yield, high yield and high quality of the walnut.
The patent application number CN201410087131.8 provides a walnut cultivation method, which is mainly used for technical measures such as walnut tree transplanting, grafting, fertilization, vegetable and fruit and the like; patent application number CN202010793785.8 provides a walnut high-yield cultivation method, which mainly comprises seed selection, breeding, soil cultivation and planting, and is free from the influence of controlling the growth of walnut juvenile trees in the childhood stage, easily causing the germination and weak branch emergence of lower branch buds, empty inner chamber, outward displacement of fruiting parts, less fruit setting and the like.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a method for controlling vigorous growth, updating and promoting maturing of late-bearing walnut in childhood, which solves the problems of low branch germination and weak branch emergence, small proportion of middle and short branches, outward movement of fruiting parts and small fruit setting number caused by overabundant nutrition growth in childhood of the walnut.
The technical scheme of the invention is as follows:
a method for controlling vigorous growth, updating and promoting setting of late-bearing walnut in childhood comprises the following steps:
s1, topping and controlling tree vigor before vigorous growth;
s2, main branch vertical top dominance control: opening the angle of the base angle of the main branch to 70-80 degrees;
s3, by grading and re-cutting main branches, erasing ineffective buds and cutting buds, and retracting long main branches to control vigorous growth and overgrowth of each grade of main branches of the tree body;
s4, controlling the current-year primary branches to be vigorous through pinching and controlling the current-year primary branch angles.
In the step S1, when the central trunk extends to a reserved height, re-shearing and topping are performed, the reserved height is 3m, the reserved weak buds are selected as the first extending branches for cultivation, and the full buds and strong branches within 30cm below the selected reserved buds are erased.
As a further technical solution, the topping further includes: when the current annual young shoots grow to 80cm, the plant growth regulator is sprayed.
As a further technical scheme, in the step S2, a supporting rod pruning method is adopted for supporting branches below 3cm when the annual branches are semi-lignified; and (3) a hemp rope nail break branch pulling method is adopted to prop open the basal angle of the main branch more than 3 cm.
As a further technical scheme, in the step S3, the main branch grading and re-cutting is as follows:
primary main branch re-shearing and updating: the thickness of the central trunk is 1/2 less than that of the primary main branch, and the double shearing is carried out to leave two lateral bud points; the thickness of the central trunk is more than 1/3 and less than or equal to 1/2, the outer female flower buds are selected and reserved at the 1/2 position of the primary main branch; removing the outer female flower buds after the first-stage main branches have the thickness less than or equal to 1/3 of the thickness of the central trunk;
secondary main branch re-pruning and updating: the first-stage branch thickness is 1/2 less than the second-stage main branch thickness, and the double shearing is carried out to leave two lateral bud points; the thickness of the primary main branch is more than 1/3 and less than or equal to 1/2, and the secondary main branch is cut again at 1/2 position, and the outer female flower buds are selected; the thickness of the secondary main branch is less than or equal to 1/3 of that of the primary main branch, and the outer female flower buds are removed and selected;
and (3) updating three-stage main branch re-pruning: the thickness of the secondary branch is 1/2 less than the thickness of the tertiary main branch, and the secondary branch is cut again to leave two lateral bud points; the thickness of the secondary main branch is more than 1/3 and less than or equal to 1/2, and the secondary main branch is cut again at 1/2 of the tertiary main branch, and outer female flower buds are selected and reserved; the thickness of the third-level main branch is less than or equal to 1/3 of that of the second-level main branch, and the outer female flower buds are selected and reserved; the basal part of the fruit branch group is dredged after 3-4 years of continuous fruiting.
As a further technical scheme, the retracting long main branch in the step S3 is as follows: timely retracting when the primary main branch is more than or equal to 1.5m, and selecting weak buds with heads; timely retracting the secondary main branch when the secondary main branch is more than or equal to 80cm, and selecting weak buds with heads; and (5) timely retracting when the three-level main branches are more than or equal to 40cm, and selecting weak buds with heads.
As a further technical scheme, the step S3 of erasing ineffective buds as buds, the buds are erased in early spring of the next year, and the method comprises the following steps:
SS1, erasing all competing buds within 20cm from the top end, and reserving terminal buds;
SS2, erasing all competing buds within 30cm of the main branch from the base;
SS3, erasing the high-order buds to select and leave side female flower buds.
As a further technical scheme, the step S3 of sprouting is performed 7-10 days before sprouting, and comprises the following steps:
perennial branches with 5cm < main branch base thickness: the distance from the top end of the main branch is 1/4 of that of the main branch, and the base of the main branch is less than 30 cm; a flaw is respectively transversely marked on the upper and lower parts of 0.3cm from the top end of the main branch by 1/4-1/2, the phloem is cut off, and the depth reaches the xylem, namely double-way carving is carried out; carrying out double engraving on the upper part and the lower part of full female flower buds of branches from the base part of a main branch to the 1/2 position of the branches; the hidden buds are transversely scratched with a flaw at the position 0.5cm above the buds, namely, single-pass re-carving is carried out;
perennial branches with the thickness of the base of the main branch being less than or equal to 5cm and more than 3 cm: 1/4 of the distance from the top end of the main branch is not carved, and the distance from the base is not carved within 30 cm; carrying out double-way re-engraving on the rest bud parts;
perennial branches with the base thickness of the main branches less than or equal to 3 cm: 1/4 of the distance from the top end of the main branch is not carved, and the distance from the base is not carved within 30 cm; and carrying out single-pass re-engraving on the rest bud parts.
The bud growth is controlled by bud picking and bud carving in single (double) channels, the bud germination rate of the walnut is obviously improved, the Jiang Wangzhi proportion is reduced, the tree vigor is mild, the effect of increasing the branch quantity is obvious, the fruiting part is more reasonable, and the yield is increased.
As a further technical scheme, in the step S4, the core picking is implemented when the young shoots grow to 60-70cm, the core picking of the first-stage main branches is implemented, 8-10 leaves are reserved for the core picking of the second-stage main branches, 6-7 leaves are reserved for the core picking of the third-stage main branches, 4-5 leaves are reserved for the core picking of the third-stage main branches, tender growing points are cut off for the second time of core picking in middle and late April, until the April is finished, the auxiliary tips of the fruit coating are not picked, one auxiliary tip of the fruit coating is reserved, the rest base is thinned, and fertilizer containing nitrogen and potassium is applied after each core picking.
The walnut tree is picked, so that the total branch quantity can be rapidly increased, the growth of new shoots is inhibited, the sprouting of branches is promoted, the flower bud formation is facilitated, the fruit setting rate is obviously improved, winter protection is facilitated in northern areas, and air drying and strip drawing are reduced, so that the walnut tree is safe to survive winter. After the heart is picked, scientific fertilizer and water management is assisted, so that the phenomenon of malformed fruits is effectively overcome, and the quality is improved.
As a further technical solution, in the step S4, the current annual main branch angle control includes the following steps:
cutting the main branch with the basal angle of less than or equal to 30 degrees, and reserving 1-2 latent buds;
30 degrees < the basal angle of the main branch is less than or equal to 50 degrees, and the outer female flowers and full buds are reserved at 1/2 of the main branch for updating;
removing the plump buds of the male flowers after the main branch basal angle is 50 degrees and less than or equal to 80 degrees;
80 degrees less than the basal angle of the main branch, and cutting the main branch again until the position of 2/3 of the main branch is reserved with full buds of the male female flowers for updating.
By controlling the angle of the current annual main branch, different control measures are adopted according to different main branch base angles, the top end advantage is weakened, the Jiang Wangzhi proportion is reduced, and the tree vigor is relaxed.
The working principle and the beneficial effects of the invention are as follows:
1. the invention provides a method for controlling vigorous growth, updating and promoting maturing of late-full walnut in childhood, which effectively solves the problems of weak sprouting and branch pulling capability, short and medium fruiting branches of walnut saplings caused by overgrowth of late-full walnut in childhood nutrition. The tree vigor is controlled to be strong by topping, the lower part sprouting force is promoted to be strong by grading, heavy shearing, cutting, stretching and the like, the tree vigor is moderate, nutrient accumulation is increased, a large number of fruits can be borne, and therefore the purposes of tree strengthening, high yield and high quality are achieved to the greatest extent.
2. The invention ensures that the walnut skeleton is formed rapidly, the nutrition of the tree body is more balanced, the fruiting branch structure is more reasonable, the nutrition growth is scientifically converted into reproductive growth, the fruiting is promoted, and the yield is improved. Can prevent the fruiting part of the walnut sapling from moving outwards and the inner chamber from being empty.
3. The invention reduces the 'light leg branches' and weakens the dryness of the young tree by controlling the tree vigor of the young tree, can promote the big branches to sprout new buds, enlarge the angle of the main branch, improve the 'upper strength, lower weakness, outer strength and inner void', and increase the fruiting part, thereby being a labor-saving pruning method. The inventor surprisingly finds that when the angle of the main branch base angle is 70-80 degrees, the spacing of tree crowns is proper, ventilation and light transmission are improved, the inner chamber is full and convenient to manage, and the occurrence of fruit sunscald and the outward displacement of walnut fruiting parts can be effectively prevented, and the acre yield is doubled.
4. The invention provides a method for controlling vigorous growth, updating and promoting fruiting of late-fruiting walnuts in childhood, which has compact walnut tree shape, abundant inner bore, more branches, large proportion of middle branches and short branches, no vigorous growth, convenient management and increased walnut yield.
Drawings
The invention will be described in further detail with reference to the drawings and the detailed description.
FIG. 1 is a walnut tree prior to vigorous control;
FIG. 2 is a walnut tree prior to vigorous control;
FIG. 3 is a walnut tree after vigorous control;
fig. 4 is a walnut tree after vigorous control.
Detailed Description
The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below in conjunction with the embodiments of the present invention, and it is apparent that the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present invention, not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be made by one of ordinary skill in the art based on the embodiments of the invention without making any inventive effort, are intended to be within the scope of the invention.
Example 1
The method for controlling vigorous growth and updating and promoting setting of the late-bearing walnut in childhood comprises the following specific steps:
(1) Topping and controlling tree vigor before vigorous growth
And (3) re-shearing and topping when the central trunk extension branch of the walnut sapling reaches the reserved height of 3m, selecting the reserved weak buds as the first extension branch for culture, and erasing full buds and strong branches within 30cm below the reserved buds. When the current annual young shoots grow to 80cm, the central trunk extension branch is sprayed with chlormequat chloride 15% paclobutrazol 200 times, and the spraying is carried out once every 12 days, and the spraying is carried out three times continuously.
(2) Main branch upright top dominance control
The tree branch is supported by a supporting rod under 3cm of semi-lignification of the current annual branch, and the main branch base angle is supported by a hemp rope nail-purt branch-pulling method under more than 3cm, wherein the angle is 70-80 degrees. The supporting rod method adopts a horseshoe-shaped inclined plane with the length of 70-100mm and the thickness of 2-3cm, two ends of the horseshoe-shaped inclined plane are cut into 2-3cm, one end of the horseshoe-shaped inclined plane is propped against the central trunk, and the other end of the horseshoe-shaped inclined plane is propped against the main branch to open the base angle. Before the basal angle is opened, pressing and softening are carried out on the branches, and the branches are respectively rotated left and right to prevent the base parts of the branches from cracking.
(3) Controlling vigorous growth and overgrowth of main branches of each stage of tree body
(1) And grading and re-cutting main branches according to the culture targets, namely re-cutting and updating the primary main branches, the secondary main branches and the tertiary main branches.
Primary main branch re-shearing update
Primary main branch re-shearing and updating: the thickness of the central trunk is 1/2 less than that of the primary main branch, and the double shearing is carried out to leave two lateral bud points; the thickness of the central trunk is more than 1/3 and less than or equal to 1/2, the outer female flower buds are selected and reserved at the 1/2 position of the primary main branch; the first-stage main branch has a thickness less than or equal to 1/3 of the central trunk thickness, and the outer female flower buds (3-5 cm) are removed and selected.
Secondary main branch re-shearing update
Secondary main branch re-pruning and updating: the first-stage branch thickness is 1/2 less than the second-stage main branch thickness, and the double shearing is carried out to leave two lateral bud points; the thickness of the primary main branch is more than 1/3 and less than or equal to 1/2, and the secondary main branch is cut again at 1/2 position, and the outer female flower buds are selected; the thickness of the secondary main branch is less than or equal to 1/3 of that of the primary main branch, and the outer female flower buds (3-5 cm) are removed and selected.
Three-stage main branch re-shearing update
And (3) updating three-stage main branch re-pruning: the thickness of the secondary branch is 1/2 less than the thickness of the tertiary main branch, and the secondary branch is cut again to leave two lateral bud points; the thickness of the secondary main branch is more than 1/3 and less than or equal to 1/2, and the secondary main branch is cut again at 1/2 of the tertiary main branch, and outer female flower buds are selected and reserved; the thickness of the third-level main branch is less than or equal to 1/3 of that of the second-level main branch, and the outer female flower buds (1-2 cm) are selected and remained; the basal part of the fruit branch group is dredged after 3-4 years of continuous fruiting.
(2) Erasing invalid buds
The bud picking is carried out in the early spring of the next year, and comprises the following steps:
A. erasing all competing buds within 20cm from the top end, and reserving terminal buds;
B. erasing all competing buds within 30cm from the base part of the main branch;
C. erasing the high-order buds to select and leave side female flower buds, and erasing flower buds which are closer to the terminal buds when a plurality of new shoots germinate on the fruiting parent branches.
The bud etching is carried out 7-10 days before bud emergence;
perennial branches with 5cm < main branch base thickness: the distance from the top end of the main branch is 1/4 of that of the main branch, and the base of the main branch is less than 30 cm; a flaw is respectively transversely marked on the upper and lower parts of 0.3cm from the top end of the main branch by 1/4-1/2, the phloem is cut off, and the depth reaches the xylem, namely double-way carving is carried out; carrying out double engraving on the upper part and the lower part of full female flower buds of branches from the base part of a main branch to the 1/2 position of the branches; the hidden buds are transversely scratched with a flaw at the position 0.5cm above the buds, namely, single-pass re-carving is carried out;
perennial branches with the thickness of the base of the main branch being less than or equal to 5cm and more than 3 cm: 1/4 of the distance from the top end of the main branch is not carved, and the distance from the base is not carved within 30 cm; carrying out double-way re-engraving on the rest bud parts;
perennial branches with the base thickness of the main branches less than or equal to 3 cm: 1/4 of the distance from the top end of the main branch is not carved, and the distance from the base is not carved within 30 cm; and carrying out single-pass re-engraving on the rest bud parts.
(3) Retraction of long main branch
The primary main branch is retracted in time when the length is more than or equal to 1.5m, the weak bud is selected to be provided with a head, the secondary main branch is retracted in time when the length is more than or equal to 80cm, the weak bud is selected to be provided with a head, the tertiary main branch is retracted in time when the length is more than or equal to 40cm, and the weak bud is selected to be provided with a head. The results of the parent branches are updated in time for 3-4 years continuously.
(4) Control of primary branches in current year
(1) When the young shoots grow to 60-70cm, carrying out young shoot re-picking, carrying out primary main branch core picking, leaving 8-10 leaves, secondary main branch core picking, leaving 6-7 leaves, tertiary main branch core picking, leaving 4-5 leaves, cutting off tender growing points in the middle and late ten days of June, until the end of June, leaving one auxiliary tip of the fruit coating, leaving the other base part to be removed, and applying fertilizer containing nitrogen and potassium after each core picking. The auxiliary tip treatment time of the fruit coating is in middle and late six months. Keeping the length of the main branch at 2.0-2.5m.
(2) Control of angle of current annual main branch
The main branch with the base angle less than or equal to 30 degrees is re-cut, 1-2 latent buds are reserved, the base angle of the main branch is less than 50 degrees at 30 degrees, and the outer female flowers and full buds are reserved at 1/2 of the main branch for updating. The full buds (3-5 cm) of the external female flowers are removed and reserved at 50 degrees < main branch base angles <80 degrees, the main branch base angles are less than or equal to 80 degrees, and the full buds of the external female flowers are reserved at 2/3 positions of the main branches for updating.
Experimental example 1
The test area is located in each Zhuang Ji-land walnut garden applied by the academy of sciences of agriculture and forestry, hebei province, changli fruit tree research institute, and the natural conditions of the test area such as topography, soil property and the like are basically consistent, the test variety is 'faint scent' of late-fruit walnut, and the plant row spacing is 4m multiplied by 6m.
Dividing the test area into two blocks, and respectively marking the two blocks as an experimental group and a control group;
the experimental group performs the controlled-growth treatment on the late-bearing walnut according to the method of the example 1;
the control group did not undergo the control.
And counting branch amounts and result conditions of different parts of crowns of the experimental group and the control group, and controlling and not controlling the growth condition of the vigorous tree body.
Fruit setting number = number of fruits hanging on tree + number of fruits falling off
TABLE 1 amounts of branches at different positions of crown and status of results
TABLE 2 questionnaire for growth of tree with and without control of growth
The test result shows that the branch quantity of different parts of the controlled-vigorous tree and the uncontrolled-vigorous tree is obviously increased, the highest proportion of short branches in the controlled-vigorous tree is 92.2%, and the average proportion of middle short branches is 81.5% of the total branch quantity; the maximum number of short branches in the uncontrolled vigorous tree is 39.5%, and the average number of medium short branches is 31.2%; fruit setting numerical control vigorous tree is statistically more than uncontrolled vigorous tree; the growth condition of the tree body is obviously stronger than that of the uncontrolled and overgrown tree body, and the overgrown tree vigor is obviously improved. Fig. 1 and 2 show the control before the control of the intensity, fig. 3 and 4 show the control after the control of the intensity, and as can be seen from fig. 1 to 4, the control before the intensity is strong, the top end advantage is obvious, and the middle and short fruit branches are few; after the control of the vigor, the basal angle of the main branch is opened, the vigor of the walnut tree becomes moderate, and the middle and short branches are increased.
The foregoing description of the preferred embodiments of the invention is not intended to be limiting, but rather is intended to cover all modifications, equivalents, alternatives, and improvements that fall within the spirit and scope of the invention.
Claims (9)
1. The method for controlling vigorous growth, updating and promoting setting of the late-maturing walnut in childhood is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
s1, topping and controlling tree vigor before vigorous growth;
s2, main branch vertical top dominance control: opening the angle of the base angle of the main branch to 70-80 degrees;
s3, by grading and re-cutting main branches, erasing ineffective buds and cutting buds, and retracting long main branches to control vigorous growth and overgrowth of each grade of main branches of the tree body;
s4, controlling the current-year primary branches to be vigorous through pinching and controlling the current-year primary branch angles;
in the step S3, the main branch grading and re-cutting is as follows:
primary main branch re-shearing and updating: the thickness of the central trunk is 1/2 less than that of the primary main branch, and the double shearing is carried out to leave two lateral bud points; the thickness of the central trunk is more than 1/3 and less than or equal to 1/2, the outer female flower buds are selected and reserved at the 1/2 position of the primary main branch; the first-stage main branch thickness is less than or equal to 1/3 of the central trunk thickness, and the cap is removed to select and leave outer female flower buds;
secondary main branch re-pruning and updating: the first-stage branch thickness is 1/2 less than the second-stage main branch thickness, and the double shearing is carried out to leave two lateral bud points; the thickness of the primary main branch is more than 1/3 and less than or equal to 1/2, and the secondary main branch is cut again at 1/2 position, and the outer female flower buds are selected; the thickness of the secondary main branches is less than or equal to 1/3 of that of the primary main branches, and the cap is removed to select and leave outer female flower buds;
and (3) updating three-stage main branch re-pruning: the thickness of the secondary branch is 1/2 less than the thickness of the tertiary main branch, and the secondary branch is cut again to leave two lateral bud points; the thickness of the secondary main branch is more than 1/3 and less than or equal to 1/2, and the secondary main branch is cut again at 1/2 of the tertiary main branch, and outer female flower buds are selected and reserved; the thickness of the third-level main branch is less than or equal to 1/3 of that of the second-level main branch, and the cap is removed to select and leave outer female flower buds; the basal part of the fruit branch group is dredged after 3-4 years of continuous fruiting.
2. The method for controlling vigorous growth, updating and promoting maturing of late-bearing walnut in childhood according to claim 1, wherein in the step S1, when the central trunk is extended to a reserved height, the top is cut again, the reserved height is 3m, the reserved weak buds are selected as the first extended buds to be cultivated, and the full buds and the strong buds within 30cm below the selected reserved buds are erased.
3. The method for controlling vigorous growth and updating and promoting set of late-bearing walnut according to claim 2, wherein topping further comprises: when the current annual young shoots grow to 80cm, the plant growth regulator is sprayed.
4. The method for controlling vigorous growth, updating and promoting maturing of late-bearing walnut according to claim 1, wherein in the step S2, a supporting rod supporting method is adopted for supporting less than 3cm when annual branches are semi-lignified; and (3) a hemp rope nail break branch pulling method is adopted to prop open the basal angle of the main branch more than 3 cm.
5. The method for controlling vigorous growth, updating and promoting maturing of late-bearing walnut in childhood according to claim 1, wherein the retracting the long main branch in the step S3 is as follows: timely retracting when the primary main branch is more than or equal to 1.5m, and selecting weak buds with heads; timely retracting the secondary main branch when the secondary main branch is more than or equal to 80cm, and selecting weak buds with heads; and (5) timely retracting when the three-level main branches are more than or equal to 40cm, and selecting weak buds with heads.
6. The method for controlling vigorous growth and updating and promoting maturing of late-bearing walnut according to claim 1, wherein the step S3 of erasing ineffective buds is a bud picking process which is carried out in early spring of the next year, and the method comprises the following steps:
SS1, erasing all competing buds within 20cm from the top end, and reserving terminal buds;
SS2, erasing all competing buds within 30cm of the main branch from the base;
SS3, erasing the high-order buds to select and leave side female flower buds.
7. The method for controlling vigorous growth and updating and promoting set of late-bearing walnut according to claim 1, wherein the step S3 of sprouting is performed 7-10 days before sprouting, and the method comprises the following steps:
perennial branches with main branch base thickness of more than 5 cm: the distance from the top end of the main branch is 1/4 of that of the main branch, and the base of the main branch is less than 30 cm; a flaw is respectively transversely marked on the upper and lower parts of 0.3cm from the top end of the main branch by 1/4-1/2, the phloem is cut off, and the depth reaches the xylem, namely double-way carving is carried out; carrying out double engraving on the upper part and the lower part of full female flower buds of branches from the base part of a main branch to the 1/2 position of the branches; the hidden buds are transversely scratched with a flaw at the position 0.5cm above the buds, namely, single-pass re-carving is carried out;
perennial branches with the thickness of the base of the main branch being less than or equal to 5cm and more than 3 cm: 1/4 of the distance from the top end of the main branch is not carved, and the distance from the base is not carved within 30 cm; carrying out double-way re-engraving on the rest bud parts;
perennial branches with the base thickness of the main branches less than or equal to 3 cm: 1/4 of the distance from the top end of the main branch is not carved, and the distance from the base is not carved within 30 cm; and carrying out single-pass re-engraving on the rest bud parts.
8. The method for controlling vigorous growth, updating and promoting maturing in the childhood period of the late-bearing walnut according to claim 1, wherein in the step S4, the core picking is implemented when the young shoots grow to 60-70cm, 8-10 leaves are reserved for the primary main branch core picking, 6-7 leaves are reserved for the secondary main branch core picking, 4-5 leaves are reserved for the tertiary main branch core picking, tender growth points are cut off for the secondary core picking in the middle and late-stage of June until the end of June, the auxiliary tips of the fruit coating are not picked, one auxiliary tips of the fruit coating are reserved, the rest of the base is thinned, and fertilizer containing nitrogen and potassium is applied after each core picking.
9. The method for controlling vigorous growth, updating and promoting maturing of late-bearing walnut in childhood according to claim 1, wherein in the step S4, the angle of the current annual main branch is controlled, comprising the following steps:
cutting the main branch with the basal angle of less than or equal to 30 degrees, and reserving 1-2 latent buds;
30 degrees < the basal angle of the main branch is less than or equal to 50 degrees, and the outer female flowers and full buds are reserved at 1/2 of the main branch for updating;
50 degrees < the basal angle of the main branch is less than or equal to 80 degrees, removing caps and reserving plump buds of the male flowers;
80 degrees less than the basal angle of the main branch, and cutting the main branch again until the position of 2/3 of the main branch is reserved with full buds of the male female flowers for updating.
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