CN110679376A - Method for planting and propagating hybrid hazelnuts in Pingyou - Google Patents

Method for planting and propagating hybrid hazelnuts in Pingyou Download PDF

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CN110679376A
CN110679376A CN201911091057.6A CN201911091057A CN110679376A CN 110679376 A CN110679376 A CN 110679376A CN 201911091057 A CN201911091057 A CN 201911091057A CN 110679376 A CN110679376 A CN 110679376A
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孙开霞
万汉如
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Luan Green Agriculture And Forestry Co Ltd
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
    • A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G2/00—Vegetative propagation
    • A01G2/10—Vegetative propagation by means of cuttings
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G7/00—Botany in general
    • A01G7/06—Treatment of growing trees or plants, e.g. for preventing decay of wood, for tingeing flowers or wood, for prolonging the life of plants
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01H—NEW PLANTS OR NON-TRANSGENIC PROCESSES FOR OBTAINING THEM; PLANT REPRODUCTION BY TISSUE CULTURE TECHNIQUES
    • A01H1/00—Processes for modifying genotypes ; Plants characterised by associated natural traits
    • A01H1/02—Methods or apparatus for hybridisation; Artificial pollination ; Fertility
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    • Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
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    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
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Abstract

The invention discloses a planting and breeding method of hybrid hazelnuts in Pingyou province, which comprises forest land selection, planting time, variety configuration and planting technology, shaping and pruning, fertilizer and water management and pest control in the planting process. The cutting propagation technology comprises cutting bed preparation and cutting shoot preparation, a cutting method and post-cutting management, and investigation and statistical analysis of rooting process and rooting type data so as to research the influence of different treatments on the cutting rooting rate and the influence of different treatments on the cutting root system effect index. The invention successfully introduces hybrid hazelnuts of Pingyou in Anhui region for the first time, and the Anhui region is also the south bound of hybrid hazelnuts of Pingyou currently developed. According to the soil types of different areas of Anhui, the project group provides the difference of the planting depth, summarizes the planting density and the variety configuration mode in different operation modes, and solves the problem of difficult hardwood cutting propagation of the hybrid hazelnuts of Pingguo in the Anhui area.

Description

Method for planting and propagating hybrid hazelnuts in Pingyou
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of agricultural planting, and particularly relates to a method for planting and propagating hybrid hazelnuts.
Background
Hazelnut, also named mountain chestnut, pointed chestnut or hammer is one of four nuts in the world, has the reputation of nut king, is rich in nutrition, high in economic value and wide in application, and is an important nut and woody oil, and a betulaceae tree species. The hybrid hazelnuts of Pingyou are excellent hazelnut varieties bred by distant hybridization between Pingyou and European hazelnut varieties in China, and are wide in planting range. The root system of the Pingyou hybrid hazelnut is distributed horizontally, has more fibrous root systems, and has obvious ecological benefits of soil fixation, slope protection, water and soil loss reduction and the like. The market demand of hazelnuts is large, and the hazelnut market shows a trend of increasing year by year, particularly hybrid hazelnuts in Pingyou are unique only in China, the hazelnut planting industry in China is fast in development and the planting area is continuously enlarged, but the planting area is mainly in northeast areas of China and cannot be widely popularized in middle areas of China.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the problems of the existing planting area of hybrid hazelnuts in Pinghua, the invention provides a planting and breeding method of hybrid hazelnuts in Pinghua, which is developed and developed for many years and can adapt to the growth and breeding in northern areas of Anhui and Huaihe and hilly areas of Jianghuai.
The invention adopts the following technical scheme:
a planting and propagating method of hybrid hazelnuts in Pingyou province is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) selecting a forestation area: sandy loam with good drainage is selected, the sandy loam is the soil most suitable for the growth of the hazelnuts, and the light clay loam is also the soil with good cultivation of the hazelnuts. The soil layer needs to be deep and fertile, which is beneficial to the growth and development of hazelnuts, and ensures that the thickness of the soil layer is more than 60cm and the soil layer is less than 60cm, and the soil is locally improved. Heavy soil, low-lying and easy-to-waterlog, and high salinity and alkalinity, the hybrid hazel is not suitable for being used as a Pingyou hybrid hazel tree forestation land.
(2) Planting time: the planting time is divided into spring planting and autumn planting, the spring planting time is 3-4 months, the autumn planting time is 11-1 month next year
(3) Variety allocation and planting technology: the method comprises the following steps that 1, in the Pinghua hybrid hazel genus cross-pollinated variety, after 11 months, male flowers fall off greatly, so that pollination number needs to be configured, 2 lines, namely 84-545 and 85-202, with 2 male flowers not falling off are screened out by a project group to serve as pollinated lines, configuration pollination is carried out, according to the difference of soil types in the northern region of Anhui and the hilly region of Jianghuai, the planting depth in the northern region of Huaihuai is guaranteed to be 8-15cm, and the planting depth in the hilly region of Huaihuai is guaranteed to be 5-8 cm; planting density: firstly, planting pure forest, the planting density is 2.5m 4.5 m; secondly, composite planting: 2.5m by 8m, and the fixed-dry height after planting is 60-80 cm.
(4) Shaping and trimming: the whole tree form adopts a single trunk shape, a trunk is reserved, the trunk height is 40-60cm, 3-4 main branches which are uniformly distributed are selected and reserved on the trunk, side branches are selected and reserved on the main branches, and auxiliary side branches and fruiting mother branches are grown on the side branches. Forming a short trunk, wherein the upper part of the short trunk is a natural open-heart-shaped crown; the corylus heterophylla hybrid has strong sprouting property, the sprouting is controlled in the growing season, the sprouting is cut off 2-3 times per year, manual or chemical tillering can be adopted, and the spraying height is noticed and controlled below a branch point when chemical tillering is adopted.
(5) And (3) fertilizer and water management: the fertilizer application is optimized by applying organic fertilizer, the young trees mainly use nitrogen fertilizer, and the fruiting trees are injected with diazo, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers and applied in a matched manner. In the fruiting period, fruits are harvested and applied in autumn, and organic fertilizer is mainly applied, and 5-10kg of organic fertilizer is applied; topdressing was carried out 1 time in the first 4 th and middle 6 th months, and 0.1kg of urea, 0.05kg of diammonium phosphate and 0.1kg of potassium sulfate were applied to each plant. Irrigating in the drought period and draining water in the waterlogging period.
(6) And (3) pest control: the main pests of the Pinghuo hybrid hazelnuts in Anhui region are leaf eating pest chafer and stem eating pest anoplophora chinensis, and no obvious disease is found; the adult scarab beetles can be effectively killed by spraying 800 times of 90% trichlorfon, 1000 times of 80% dichlorvos or 200 times of 25% carbaryl on crowns, and the artificial capture and 400 times of green Weilei liquid are adopted to prevent and control anoplophora chinensis.
(7) Experiment design: by using L9(34) Orthogonal design, 9 groups treated random block arrangement (table 1), each block treated 50 cuttings each time, repeated 3 times, no interaction is considered, and management is consistent.
TABLE 1 orthogonal experimental design
Figure BDA0002266860080000031
(8) Preparing a cutting bed and cutting shoots: bed width 80-100cm, the bed height is 15-20cm, the length is determined according to the topographic conditions, the section which can keep moist and can drain water is optimal, 1000 times of 50% carbendazim is used for disinfecting the soil, the selected cutting shoots are cut into about 12cm long, 2-3 buds are reserved, the upper incision is cut horizontally and is 1cm away from the buds, the lower incision is cut obliquely at the position 1cm below the back of the buds, and 0.5% KMnO is firstly used for bundling every 50 buds4Soaking the solution for 2min, cleaning with clear water to remove disinfectant, and inserting into rooting agent for treatment, wherein the hormone mass fraction is 50 x 10-6Soaking for 12h, and hormone mass fraction is 200 x 10-6Soaking for 6h, and the mass fraction of hormone is 1000 x 10-6Soaking for 5 s.
(9) The cuttage method and management after cuttage: before cutting, the cutting bed is watered thoroughly, covered with a layer of white mulching film to inhibit the growth of weeds, the cutting depth is preferably 1/2 of the length of cutting slips, the cutting depth is not too deep to facilitate ventilation, the row spacing of the cutting plants is set to 15cm by 20cm, after cutting, the cutting bed is watered thoroughly for 1 time, and covered with an arched shed plastic film. After 3 months, the middle and the last days in the 2 nd year, when the temperature in the arched shed reaches 35 ℃, the two ends of the seedbed are required to be opened for ventilation and heat dissipation, and 70% of sunshade net is covered. After cuttage, according to the soil moisture content of the cuttage, spraying carbendazim while supplementing water, preventing mildew and rot, removing rotten cutting slips, and spraying the nutrient solution for 1-2 times after the young roots are formed.
(10) Data investigation and statistical analysis: and (3) counting indexes of the length, the rooting number and the rooting rate of the adventitious roots, wherein the index survey of the adventitious roots means that the thickness of the adventitious roots is more than 0.2cm, the number and the length of the adventitious roots mean the number and the length of the adventitious roots of each treated single plant, the numerical values are arithmetic mean values of various types, and the rooting capacity of the cutting shoot is comprehensively evaluated by using the root system effect index. Before statistical analysis, arcsinx1/2 arcsine function conversion is carried out on the root growth rate, and (X +1)1/2 conversion is carried out on the root growth number. Data were analyzed for variance and multiple comparisons (Tukey HSD). The root system index and the root system effect index are expressed as follows: root system index ═ (average root length +3 average root number)/4; root system effect index (root system index root rooting rate)/100.
(11) Rooting process and rooting type: in the first 3 th month, the cutting shoots generate white callus, in the last 4 th month investigation, the generated callus is white and gradually yellow but does not root, in the last 5 th month, the bark part and the callus of the cutting shoots generate adventitious roots, the number of the adventitious roots is 2-3, the roots are tender and white, and in the 7-9 month period, the rapid growth period of the roots of the cutting shoots is provided. After 1 year, indexes such as rooting rate, rooting amount and root length of the cutting are observed, the results are shown in table 2, and as can be seen from table 2, in 9 groups of treatment, the rooting rate of treated 5 is the highest and reaches 79.33%, and the rooting rate of treated 7 is only 6% at the lowest. After investigation and statistics are carried out on the rooting part of each cutting, the rooting quantity of the cutting bark part is found to be more than 85%, the fibrous root on the adventitious root is developed, and the rooting proportion on the callus is less than 15%. Therefore, the Hazelnut hybrid hazel hardwood cutting is mainly based on the bark rooting and has the rooting type of partial callus rooting.
TABLE 2 rooting of Pingyou hybrid hazelnuts treated differently
Figure BDA0002266860080000041
(12) Different treatments affect the check rooting rate: analysis of variance shows that the influence of the hormone mass fraction factor on the rooting rate of the hybrid hazelnuts in Pingyou reaches a significant level, and the influence of the hormone type and the cutting shoot type on the rooting rate is not significant. Further multiple comparisons of different levels of each factor showed (Table 3) that the hormone species ABT1IBA and ABT3There was no significant difference between them. At three different hormone mass fractions, 200 x 10-6(6h) And 50 x 10-6(12h) And 1000 x 10-6(5s) significant difference, 50 x 10-6(12h) And 1000 x 10-6(5s) the difference was not significant, indicating that too low and too high quality scores affected the rooting rate of cuttings, with 200 x 10-6(6h) The quality fraction treatment of the cutting slips is one of effective measures for improving the rooting rate of hardwood cutting. In the types of the cutting slips, the cutting slips at different positions of the current year and the sprout tiller have no obvious difference, which shows that the difference of the different cutting slip types adopted in the experiment on the rooting rate of the hardwood cutting is not obvious.
TABLE 3 multiple comparisons of rooting rates of hybrid hazelnuts of Pink Europe with different treatments
Figure BDA0002266860080000051
Note: the difference is significant between different letters in the same column in the table, wherein lower case letters indicate significant difference (P < 0.05) and upper case letters indicate significant difference
This indicates that the difference is very significant (P < 0.01), as follows.
(13) Effect of different treatments on the cuttings root system effect index: the root effect index is a comprehensive index for evaluating the cutting propagation capacity, analysis of variance shows that the influence of the hormone quality fraction on the root effect index reaches a significant level, the influence of the hormone type and the cutting shoot type on the root effect index is not significant, further multiple comparison analysis results show (see table 4), the influence of the hormone quality fraction on the rooting capacity of the cutting shoot of the hybrid hazel of Pingguo is the largest, the extreme difference is 5.6757, the influence sequence of other factors is the hormone type and the cutting shoot type in sequence, and the extreme difference of the root effect index is 1.0062 and 0.7368 respectively; the influence of 3 levels of the hormone species and 3 levels of the cutting type on the root system effect index is not obvious, and the mass fraction is 200 x 10 in the hormone mass fraction-6(6h) And 50 x 10-6(12h) And 1000 x 10-6(5s) has obvious influence difference (P is less than 0.05) on the index of the root system effect of the hardwood cutting shoot, and 50 x 10-6(12h) And 1000 x 10-6(5s) the influence difference of the root system effect indexes of the cutting slips with corresponding values is not obvious, which shows that the key factor influencing the root system effect indexes of the hard-branch cutting slips of the hybrid hazelnuts of Pingguo is the hormone quality fraction, especially 200 x 10-6(6h) This is consistent with the results of the analysis of variance of the factors affecting the rooting rate of cuttings from different treatments.
TABLE 4 multiple comparison of root effects of different treatments on Pingyou hybrid hazelnuts
Figure BDA0002266860080000061
(14) And (4) conclusion: selecting hormone type IBA hormone with mass fraction of 200 x 10 by investigating different combinations of rooting rate and data statistical analysis-6(6h) Treating the lower cutting of root sprout or selecting hormone ABT3Mass fraction 200 x 10-6(6h) The best cutting shoot is treated above the middle part of the current-year branch.
Through introduction tests and researches in the last 6 years, the project group successfully introduces the hybrid hazelnuts of Pingyou to cultivate in Anhui area for the first time, and the Anhui area is also the south bound of the hybrid hazelnuts of Pingyou currently developed. According to the soil types of different areas of Anhui, the project group provides the difference of the planting depth, summarizes the planting density and the variety configuration mode in different operation modes, and solves the problem of difficult hardwood cutting propagation of the hybrid hazelnuts of Pingguo in the Anhui area.
Detailed Description
The following description of the preferred embodiments of the present invention is provided for the purpose of illustration and description, and is in no way intended to limit the invention.
Embodiment 1 a method for planting and propagating hybrid hazelnuts in Pingyou province, which is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) selecting a forestation area: selecting sandy loam with a drainage good layer thickness of 70cm, wherein the soil layer needs to be deep and fertile, and the method is favorable for the growth and development of hazelnuts.
(2) Planting time: the planting time is selected from spring planting, and is 3-4 months.
(3) Variety allocation and planting technology: selecting hybrid hazelnuts of Pinghua Europe cultivated in Jianghuai hilly areas, planting in pure forest with the planting depth of 6-8cm, the planting density of 2.5m 4.5m, and the fixed-dry height of 60-80cm after planting. Cultivating 84-545 and 85-202 as pollination strains, and carrying out configuration pollination.
(4) Shaping and trimming: the whole tree form adopts a single trunk shape, one trunk is reserved, the trunk height is 45-55cm, 3-4 main branches which are uniformly distributed are selected and reserved on the trunk, side branches are selected and reserved on the main branches, and auxiliary side branches and fruiting mother branches are grown on the side branches. Forming a short trunk, wherein the upper part of the short trunk is a natural open-heart-shaped crown; the corylus heterophylla hybrid has strong sprouting property, the sprouting is controlled in the growing season, the sprouting is cut off 2-3 times per year, and the sprouting is manually removed.
(5) And (3) fertilizer and water management: applying 5-10kg of organic fertilizer to each plant as a main part; topdressing was carried out 1 time in the first 4 th and middle 6 th months, and 0.1kg of urea, 0.05kg of diammonium phosphate and 0.1kg of potassium sulfate were applied to each plant. Irrigating in the drought period and draining water in the waterlogging period.
(6) Preparing a cutting bed and cutting shoots: selecting a section which can keep moist and can drain water, disinfecting the soil by 1000 times of 50% carbendazim, cutting the selected cutting slips into about 12cm long, reserving 2-3 buds, horizontally cutting an upper cut at a distance of about 1cm from the buds, obliquely cutting a lower cut at a position 1cm below the back of the buds, and bundling every 50 buds by using 0.5% KMnO (KMnO)4Soaking the solution for 2min, cleaning with clear water to remove disinfectant, and inserting into rooting agent for treatment, wherein the treatment method comprises hormone mass fraction of 200 x 10-6Soaking for 6 h.
The hormone is ABT3。
(7) The cuttage method and management after cuttage: before cutting, the cutting bed is watered thoroughly, covered with a layer of white mulching film to inhibit the growth of weeds, the cutting depth is preferably 1/2 of the length of cutting slips, the cutting depth is not too deep to facilitate ventilation, the row spacing of the cutting plants is set to 15cm by 20cm, after cutting, the cutting bed is watered thoroughly for 1 time, and covered with an arched shed plastic film. After 3 months, the middle and the last days in the 2 nd year, when the temperature in the arched shed reaches 35 ℃, the two ends of the seedbed are required to be opened for ventilation and heat dissipation, and 70% of sunshade net is covered. After cuttage, according to the soil moisture content of the cuttage, spraying carbendazim while supplementing water, preventing mildew and rot, removing rotten cutting slips, and spraying the nutrient solution for 1-2 times after the young roots are formed.
(8) Rooting process and rooting type: in the first 3 th month, the cutting shoots generate white callus, in the last 4 th month investigation, the generated callus is white and gradually yellow but does not root, in the last 5 th month, the bark part and the callus of the cutting shoots generate adventitious roots, the number of the adventitious roots is 2-3, the roots are tender and white, and in the 7-9 month period, the rapid growth period of the roots of the cutting shoots is provided. After 1 year, the indexes of the cutting, such as rooting rate, rooting amount, root length and the like, are observed, the rooting rate reaches 75.67%, and after investigation and statistics of rooting parts of each cutting, the rooting number of the cutting bark part is more than 85%, the fibrous roots on adventitious roots are developed, and the rooting proportion on callus is less than 15%.
Embodiment 2 a method for planting and propagating hybrid hazelnuts in Pingyou province, which is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) selecting a forestation area: selecting light clay loam with good drainage layer thickness of 85cm, and selecting deep and fertile soil layer, which is beneficial to the growth and development of hazelnuts.
(2) Planting time: the planting time in autumn is 11 months.
(3) Variety allocation and planting technology: selecting and cultivating hybrid hazelnuts of Pingyou province in Huaibei, planting in pure forest, with the cultivation depth of 10-12cm, cultivation density of 2.5m 4.5m, and fixed dry height of 65-75cm after planting. Cultivating 84-545 as pollination strain, and carrying out configuration pollination.
(4) Shaping and trimming: the whole tree form adopts a single trunk shape, one trunk is reserved, the trunk height is 40-50cm, 3-4 main branches which are uniformly distributed are selected and reserved on the trunk, side branches are selected and reserved on the main branches, and auxiliary side branches and fruiting mother branches are grown on the side branches. Forming a short trunk, wherein the upper part of the short trunk is a natural open-heart-shaped crown; the growing season is to control the generation of the sprout tillers, ensure that the sprout tillers are pruned 2-3 times per year, and manually remove the sprout tillers.
(5) And (3) fertilizer and water management: applying organic fertilizer mainly, wherein 7-9kg of organic fertilizer is applied to each plant; topdressing was carried out 1 time in the first 4 th and middle 6 th months, and 0.1kg of urea, 0.05kg of diammonium phosphate and 0.1kg of potassium sulfate were applied to each plant. Irrigating in the drought period and draining water in the waterlogging period.
(6) Preparing a cutting bed and cutting shoots: selecting a section which can keep moist and can drain water, disinfecting the soil by 1000 times of 50% carbendazim, cutting the selected cutting slips into about 12cm long, reserving 2-3 buds, horizontally cutting an upper cut at a distance of about 1cm from the buds, obliquely cutting a lower cut at a position 1cm below the back of the buds, and bundling every 50 buds by using 0.5% KMnO (KMnO)4Soaking the solution for 2min, cleaning with clear water to remove disinfectant, and inserting into rooting agent for treatment, wherein the treatment method comprises hormone mass fraction of 200 x 10-6Soaking for 6 h.
The hormone is IBA。
(7) The cuttage method and management after cuttage: and (3) watering the cutting bed thoroughly before cutting, covering a layer of white mulching film to inhibit the growth of weeds, wherein the cutting depth is 1/2 which is not more than 2/5 and is favorable for ventilation, the row spacing of the cutting plants is set to 15cm by 20cm, watering thoroughly for 1 time immediately after cutting, and covering an arched shed plastic film. After 3 months, the middle and the last days in the 2 nd year, when the temperature in the arched shed reaches 35 ℃, the two ends of the seedbed are required to be opened for ventilation and heat dissipation, and 70% of sunshade net is covered. After cuttage, according to the soil moisture content of the cuttage, spraying carbendazim while supplementing water, preventing mildew and rot, removing rotten cutting slips, and spraying the nutrient solution for 1-2 times after the young roots are formed.
(8) Rooting process and rooting type: in the first 3 th month, the cutting shoots generate white callus, in the last 4 th month investigation, the generated callus is white and gradually yellow but does not root, in the last 5 th month, the bark part and the callus of the cutting shoots generate adventitious roots, the number of the adventitious roots is 2-3, the roots are tender and white, and in the 7-9 month period, the rapid growth period of the roots of the cutting shoots is provided. After 1 year, indexes such as rooting rate, rooting amount, root length and the like of the cutting are observed, the rooting rate reaches 80.67%, and after investigation and statistics of rooting parts of each cutting, the rooting number of the cutting skin part accounts for more than 85%, the fibrous roots on adventitious roots are developed, and the rooting proportion on callus is below 15%.
The hybrid hazelnuts cultivated by the cultivation method are suitable for the northern Huaihe area, have developed root systems and good growth state.
The above description is only for the preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any person skilled in the art should be considered to be within the technical scope of the present invention, and the technical solutions and the inventive concepts thereof according to the present invention should be equivalent or changed within the scope of the present invention.

Claims (7)

1. A planting and propagating method of hybrid hazelnuts in Pingyou province is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) selecting an afforestation site, wherein sandy loam with good drainage is selected in the afforestation site;
(2) the planting time is spring planting or autumn planting, the spring planting time is 3-4 months, and the autumn planting time is 11-1 month next year;
(3) the method comprises the following steps of (1) variety configuration and planting technology, wherein the variety configuration and planting technology is to configure two strains of 84-545 and 85-202 as pollination strains, the planting depth in the northern Huaihe area is guaranteed to be 8-15cm, and the planting depth in the hilly areas of Jianghuai is guaranteed to be 5-8 cm; the planting density of pure forest is 2.5m 4.5 m; the density of the composite planting is 2.5m by 8m, and the fixed-dry height after planting is 60-80 cm;
(4) shaping and trimming, wherein the shaping and trimming is to be a single trunk shape of an integral tree shape, a trunk is reserved, and the trunk height is 40-60 cm;
(5) managing fertilizer and water, wherein the fertilizer and water pipe is used for fertilizing to apply organic fertilizer, irrigating in a drought period and draining in a waterlogging period in time;
(6) the method comprises the following steps of (1) pest control, wherein pest control is to control European hybrid hazelnut pests with leaf eating pests, namely cockchafers and dry eating pests, namely anoplophora chinensis in Anhui regions, wherein no diseases are found, the leaf eating pests, namely the cockchafers, are controlled by spraying 90% 800-fold liquid of trichlorfon, 80% 1000-fold liquid of dichlorvos or 25% 200-fold liquid of carbaryl on crowns, and the dry eating pests, namely the anoplophora chinensis, are controlled by adopting manual capture and 400-fold liquid of green Weilei;
(7) preparing a cutting bed and preparing cutting slips, wherein the preparation of the cutting bed and the preparation of the cutting slips are as follows: selecting a section which can keep moist and drain water according to the terrain condition, selecting a zone which can keep moist and drain water, disinfecting the soil by using a carbendazim solution, and watering the transplanting bed thoroughly; cutting the cutting into 12cm long, keeping 2-3 buds, cutting the upper cut at 0.8-1.2cm away from the bud, cutting the lower cut at 1cm under the back of the bud, bundling every 50 buds, and cutting with 0.5% KMnO4Soaking and disinfecting the solution for 2min, then cleaning the disinfection solution with clear water, and inserting the disinfection solution into a rooting agent for soaking for 6 h;
(8) the method comprises the following steps of (1) cuttage and management after cuttage: before cutting, the cutting bed is watered thoroughly and covered with a layer of white mulching film to prevent the growth of weeds, the cutting depth is preferably 1/2 of the length of the cutting slips, the cutting depth does not exceed 2/5 of the length of the cutting slips so as to be beneficial to ventilation, the row spacing of the cutting plants is set to 15cm by 20cm, after cutting, the cutting bed is watered thoroughly for 1 time, and an arched shed plastic film is covered.
2. The method for planting and propagating hybrid hazelnuts in peaches as claimed in claim 1, wherein in step (1), the forestation area is selected from sandy loam, which is suitable for the growth of hazelnuts, and light glutinous loam; the soil layer needs to be deep and fertile, the thickness of the soil layer is ensured to be more than 60cm, and the soil is locally improved when the thickness of the soil layer is less than 60 cm.
3. The planting and propagation method of hybrid hazel of Pingyou according to claim 1, wherein 3-4 main branches with uniform distribution are selected and remained on the main trunk, lateral branches are remained on the main branches, and secondary lateral branches and fruiting mother branches are grown on the lateral branches; forming a short trunk, wherein the upper part of the short trunk is a natural open-heart-shaped crown; the corylus heterophylla hybrid has strong sprouting property, the sprouting is controlled in the growing season, the sprouting is cut off 2-3 times per year, manual or chemical tillering is adopted, and the spraying height is noticed and controlled below a branch point when chemical tillering is adopted.
4. The planting and propagation method of hybrid hazelnuts in Pingyou as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the step (5), fertilizer and water management is performed, nitrogen fertilizer is applied to young trees, diazo, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer are applied to bearing trees in cooperation, organic fertilizer is applied after fruits are harvested in autumn, and 5-10kg of organic fertilizer is applied to each plant; topdressing was carried out 1 time in the first 4 th and middle 6 th months, and 0.1kg of urea, 0.05kg of diammonium phosphate and 0.1kg of potassium sulfate were applied to each plant.
5. The planting and propagation method of hybrid hazelnuts in Pingyou according to claim 1, wherein in step (7), preparation of cutting bed and preparation of cutting slips are carried out, and the cutting bed soil disinfection carbendazim solution is 1000 times of 50% carbendazim diluent.
6. The planting and propagation method of hybrid hazelnuts in Pingyou according to claim 1, wherein in step (7), the preparation of cutting bed and the preparation of cutting shoot are carried out, and rooting agent is IBA and ABT3Any one of the two hormones with the mass fraction of the hormone of 200 x 10-6Is prepared by the following steps.
7. The method for planting and propagating hybrid hazelnuts in Pingyou according to claim 1, wherein in the step (8), after the cuttage and the management after the cuttage, after 3 months, 3 and 3 months, and when the temperature in the arch shed reaches 35 ℃, the two ends of the seedbed need to be opened for ventilation and heat dissipation, and 70% of sunshade net is covered; after cuttage, according to the soil moisture content of the cuttage, spraying carbendazim while supplementing water, preventing mildew and rot, removing rotten cutting slips, and spraying the nutrient solution for 1-2 times after the young roots are formed.
CN201911091057.6A 2019-11-09 2019-11-09 Method for planting and propagating hybrid hazelnuts in Pingyou Pending CN110679376A (en)

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