CN111937663B - Technical route and method for rapidly cultivating tree-shaped famous paeonia rockii big tree - Google Patents

Abstract

In order to overcome the defects of the existing cultivation method, the invention provides a set of complete technical route and key node technology to realize the following purposes: the invention aims to provide a technical route for rapidly cultivating a tree-shaped famous paeonia rockii big tree, which comprises the following steps: selecting a stock and a scion, cultivating (grafting) a basic seedling, lifting a root, and shaping and pruning; the invention also aims to provide a method for quickly cultivating the tree-shaped famous paeonia rockii big tree, which comprises 4 steps: the first step is as follows: selecting a proper grafting combination; the second step is that: cultivating basic seedlings; the third step: grafting and root extracting treatment; the fourth step: and (6) shaping and trimming. The invention successfully solves the problem of rapid propagation of the famous paeonia rockii; solves the problem of root tiller breeding in the cultivation of tree-shaped paeonia rockii, realizes the dynamic balance of vegetative growth and reproductive growth, accelerates the growth, realizes the health and longevity and prolongs the economic life.

Description

Technical route and method for rapidly cultivating tree-shaped famous paeonia rockii big tree

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the technical field of peony cultivation, and particularly relates to a technical route and a method for quickly cultivating a tree-shaped famous paeonia rockii big tree.

Background

The paeonia rockii is defined as a giant in the peony, the tree body of the paeonia rockii is high, and the natural plant cluster of the paeonia rockii can finally form an individual with the plant height of 2.2 meters above and below and the crown diameter of 2.5-3.0 meters. The biological properties limit its continued growth.

Paeonia suffruticosa is itself a bushy type shrub. The probability of naturally forming a tree-like crown with an obvious trunk is very low. However, in the traditional paeonia rockii cultivation central areas such as the areas Linxia, Lin \27950, Longxi and Lanzhou, the courtyard cultivation is quite popular, namely tree-shaped paeonia rockii plants with main stems, namely, the so-called solitary (stump) tree peony. Each famous paeonia rockii is unique and is like a peony tree bonsai with extraordinary posture, and the peony tree bonsai is swayed in various postures and is extremely expensive.

Because peony is easy to generate root tillers, the peony has certain contingency and is difficult to form. In nature, this plant is very rare. The trees are planted conventionally, have no scenes for decades and cannot be cultured at all, and big trees are difficult to form.

The reason is that the traditional cultivation method obviously has the following defects and shortcomings, and the technology is not systematic.

Firstly, the method comprises the following steps: lack of a strong root system. The traditional grafting mostly adopts the peony root, and finally the scion variety is used for rooting to form a root system, so that no obvious main root exists, and the depth of the root system in the soil is limited. The root grafting of the medicinal yellow meadow has short service life and poor resistance, and the root grafting of the scion variety is also inhibited from generating a self-growing root system, so the root grafting is not ideal. The seedlings are directly cultivated, and the excellent variety can not be guaranteed.

Secondly, the method comprises the following steps: the method of inhibiting tillers and keeping dry is mainly adopted in management. The germinated root shoots (commonly called foot shoots) are repeatedly erased and skimmed by manpower in spring and autumn every year. The generation mechanism and the overground part sprouting and branching rule of the paeonia rockii root tiller are not deeply researched. The growth is on the upper part of the maintenance ground with a great amount of manpower and material resources.

Thirdly, the method comprises the following steps: the requirement of a large amount of scions cannot be met, and the rapid propagation of fine varieties is limited.

Fourthly: the biological characteristics of the paeonia rockii such as the sprouting and branching rules and the like are not mastered, and the contradiction between the improvement of the balance technology and the complementary elements such as flowering and fructification, flowering quantity and quality and the like cannot be solved or balanced.

The invention is based on the latest results of the biological characteristic research of paeonia rockii in recent years, draws the latest spring twig grafting technical essence, provides a set of completed technical routes, combines and matches a plurality of key technologies, overcomes the defects, and forms a set of effective, simple and easy-to-learn arborescent famous paeonia rockii big tree cultivation method. Practice has also shown that the results are significant. Forming in three years, forming trees in five years, and culturing the famous tree-shaped paeonia rockii with the crown diameter of more than one meter in 10-12 years.

The method utilizes the strong root system of the paeonia rockii seedling with developed main root, breaks through the limitation of physiological critical by scientific pruning, finds out the key of rapid growth, realizes the balance of vegetative growth and reproductive growth, breaks through the limit of natural growth of the paeonia rockii while greatly continuing the best ornamental age, and finally realizes that individuals with the plant height of 3-4 m and the crown diameter of 2-7 m cannot be in problem due to the superposition effect of key technical means, and can still keep the vigorous growth potential of the tree body.

Disclosure of Invention

In view of the above, the present invention provides a set of complete technical routes and key node technologies for solving the deficiencies of the existing cultivation methods, so as to achieve the following purposes:

the invention provides a complete set of technical route and realizes the combination and matching of advanced cultivation technology.

The technical route of the invention is as follows: selection of stock and scion, basic seedling cultivation (grafting), root lifting treatment, shaping and pruning

In the technical route, two technical means of spring twig grafting and traditional autumn grafting are used. Therefore, two sets of inventions of first cultivation and then grafting and first grafting and then cultivation of the basic seedlings are formed, and two cultivation methods with different key agronomic measures and different planting modes and cultivation technical flows are deduced.

The invention also aims to provide a method for quickly cultivating the tree-shaped famous paeonia rockii big tree, which combines two methods, wherein the method is mainly used before and supplemented after the method is used.

A first method; by spring high-position twig grafting method

The first step is as follows: selecting proper grafting combination

Strong foot buds or tree vegetative branches of excellent varieties (such as Buddha head green, lotus root, kwan-yin noodles, agate discs, three-turn, northern wind and light, golden flower-shaped yuan and the like) of paeonia rockii with strong dryness and strong growth vigor are used as scions.

The paeonia rockii seedlings have developed main roots (see figure 1), so that deep root binding can be realized, and deep water nutrients are utilized to support the tree bodies to grow up. In the traditional method, only secondary roots developed from adventitious roots of the grafted seedlings of the peony roots form fibrous root systems, and the root system distribution layer is shallow. Therefore, the growth speed, the high capacity and the service life of the seedling grafting method are obviously inferior to those of the plant grafted by the paeonia rockii seedling.

The second step is that: basic seedling cultivation

The selected stock seedlings are cultivated in single-row high ridge culture at the proper density of 3000-3500 strains/mu. Generally, the ridge is up and down 15 cm in height and 50-60 cm in width, and the planting is carried out in autumn along the highest point of the ridge back according to the plant spacing of 70-80 cm. The wide and narrow rows are preferably adopted to facilitate the operation of grafting farming. Before planting, conventional agricultural measures are adopted, the land is deeply ploughed, and sufficient high-quality decomposed organic fertilizer and phosphate fertilizer are deeply applied to induce root deep tying by taking the organic fertilizer and the phosphate fertilizer as base fertilizers. After the stock seedlings are re-planted for one second year, the seedlings are cut down and promoted in time, and qualified basic seedlings (stock seedlings) with 2-3 strong nutrition branches with the height of 50 cm or less can be cultured in three years.

The third step: grafting and root-lifting treatment

In the fourth year, the strong vegetative branch terminal bud of the stock basic seedling germinates, when the middle lower part of a new shoot begins to be semi-lignified (the phenological period is the round peach period of the peony bud-the initial flower), in two and three sections of the mother branch of the original generation flower fruit or the middle lower part of the annual strong vegetative branch, the strong foot bud of the fine variety paeonia rockii and the semi-lignified twig of the tree body strong vegetative branch terminal bud section are selected as the scions, and the scions are grafted by adopting the twig splitting method. On the premise of ensuring the length of the double sections to be 3-4 cm, the shorter the scion, the better. The sunlight is strong, and the survival rate can be improved by properly shading for 15-20 days after grafting in an air-dry area. The grafted plant can maintain the balance of the root cap of the tree body as far as possible except that a small amount of branches and leaves are cut out to strengthen the top advantages of the grafted part.

The spring twig grafting technology has the advantages of easily available scions, basically no influence on the growth, blossoming and fructification of the stock plant when the scions are picked, simple operation, labor saving, high grafting survival rate, quick seedling recovery, strong growth vigor and the like. The method is matched with the traditional autumn hard branch grafting method for application, and the best use can be achieved. Has obvious effect on relieving the pressure of the scion.

Stock branches and leaves, non-grafted weak branches and redundant branches and leaves under the grafting opening are reserved as much as possible, and thinning and removing are carried out in the second year after the scion survives. Axillary buds and hidden buds below a grafting opening are timely erased and controlled to germinate, and the nutrition of branches is guaranteed to be prior to the growth of branches and leaves of scions.

And (5) cutting non-grafted branches and trunks in early spring of the fifth year, and controlling the germination of the branches and leaves of the stocks. And the buds formed by the scions are removed in time, so that all nutrients of the tree body are concentrated on the branches and leaves of the scions to grow, and the tree crown is recovered quickly. And gradually removing soil close to the root in autumn for root extraction treatment. And (3) completely flattening the high ridges in spring of the sixth year, gradually raking soil on the ridges near the roots of the peony, separating the embryonic axis root-tiller generation sections (shown in figure 2) of the root system of the rootstock from the soil, and exposing the embryonic axis root-tiller generation sections to the air to finish the root-lifting treatment.

Fourthly: pruning (Key measures)

Breaking the monopoly of the reproductive growth of the paeonia rockii to the apical dominance and realizing the preferential vegetative growth. According to the needs, a single trunk or 2-3 trunks can be selected to be reserved, the flower is inhibited and the germination is promoted from the second year after the grafting survives, the germination of the scion part is stimulated, and the growth of the tree body is accelerated. The tree-like grafted seedlings can be used as a qualified list to be outplanted in autumn. Keeping 600-700 strains/mu and continuing culturing for 3-4 years.

The method can cultivate a qualified tree-shaped famous paeonia rockii large-size (the height of the plant is 1.0 m, and the crown diameter is more than 1.2 m) seedling after about 1 decade.

Method 2 adopts the traditional autumn grafting method

The second method adopts the traditional autumn grafting method

The first step is as follows: selecting proper grafting combination autumn grafting

3-5 year-old seedlings with developed main roots and proper thickness (the diameter is 1.5-2.0 cm) are used as stocks, strong foot buds or tree vegetative branches of excellent paeonia rockii varieties (such as verdant green, large lotus roots, kwan-yin noodles, agate discs, three-turn, northern wind and light, golden flower-shaped yuan and the like) with strong dryness and strong growth vigor are used as scions for autumn grafting. The grafting opening is selected at the smooth part of the root and stem part (shown in figure I) on the lateral root formed by the embryonic axis on the paeonia rockii seedling and is grafted by using the traditional grafting method.

The paeonia rockii seedlings have developed main roots (see figure 1), so that deep root binding can be realized, and deep water nutrients are utilized to support the tree bodies to grow up. In the traditional method, only secondary roots developed from adventitious roots of the grafted seedlings of the peony roots form fibrous root systems, and the root system distribution layer is shallow. Therefore, the growth speed, the high capacity and the service life of the seedling grafting method are obviously inferior to those of the plant grafted by the paeonia rockii seedling.

The second step is that: basic seedling cultivation

The grafted seedling is preferably sand stored to promote rooting and seedling survival until callus is produced. Selecting grafted seedlings which are grafted to survive, and planting the grafted seedlings in a field according to the proper density of 4500-6000 plants/mu in autumn when the temperature is proper (20-25 ℃ in the day and 10 ℃ above and below night). Before planting, conventional agricultural measures are adopted, before planting, the land is deeply ploughed, and base fertilizer is deeply applied. The grafting opening is slightly lower than the ground surface during planting. Slowly watering the planting water after planting, not watering until dry, thoroughly watering the water before overwintering, and floating up the cracks at the root system to prevent the root system from air drying after the logistics inspection of underwater land infiltration and scattering. The first year after overwintering, the management and planting pay attention to weed control. And (5) fertilizer water is strengthened, and fine management is performed. The stumping and seedling growth promotion in 2-3 years of planting is vigorous, and a grafting basic seedling with 2-3 branches, plant height of 30-50 cm, long main root and developed root system can be cultivated in 3-4 years of planting.

The third step: root extraction treatment

And (5) planting bare roots. And deeply forming qualified grafting base seedlings, and ridging and planting according to the appropriate density of 600 plus 700 plants/mu. Before planting, the land is also turned deeply and base fertilizer is applied deeply. Generally, the ridge is up and down 15 cm in height and 50-60 cm in width, planting is carried out in autumn along the highest point of the ridge back according to the plant spacing of about 70-80 cm, and the grafting opening is slightly higher than the surface of the ridge. If a small amount of seedlings or super-large seedlings are cultivated, ridge forming and flat planting can be avoided, and after shallow planting, hooping and hilling are added for 15-20 cm. No matter which planting method is adopted, a proper amount of high-quality decomposed organic fertilizer and phosphate fertilizer are needed to be applied in holes to induce roots to be deeply pricked. And (3) after 2-3 years of planting, the paeonia rockii completes seedling recovery, enters a vigorous growth period, and also forms a complete crown, and at the moment, the root can be lifted. And (3) cutting off the high ridges in early autumn at the end of summer, gradually raking soil on the ridges at the positions close to roots of the peonies, and removing hilling by shallow planting and hooping. Changing ridge culture into flat culture and finishing root extraction in the next spring. The root-epicotyl root-tiller generation section and the whole part of the grafting opening are exposed above the ground to form a root-stem part without buried hidden buds, so that the generation of root-tiller seedlings is avoided.

The fourth step: pruning (Key measures)

Breaking the monopoly of the reproductive growth of the paeonia rockii to the apical dominance and realizing the priority of the vegetative growth to the reproductive growth. Before root lifting and planting, thick lateral roots near the earth surface (10-15 cm) are thinned and removed. Meanwhile, one of the most robust vegetative shoots (top shoot) is selected and reserved as a main stem. And all the cultivated multi-trunk trees are reserved. And (4) picking off the top flower after the bud is developed to promote seedling recovery. After 1-2 seedlings are revived, the planted seedlings enter a vigorous growth stage, 3-5 vigorous branches with balanced growth vigor are selected and left, buds are removed in time after the buds are developed every year, the buds are not allowed to bloom, the manufactured photosynthetic nutrition filling tissues are fully utilized, a first generation flower and fruit mother branch is utilized, an alternate year back-buckling pruning method for promoting strong nutrition branches is adopted to promote the branch growth, and the forming period is shortened. The other branches are used as mother branches of flowers and fruits to allow the flowers to bloom for 2 to 3 years and then to retract and update in time.

In the method 2, a qualified tree-shaped famous paeonia rockii large-size (the height of the plant is 1.0 m, and the crown diameter is more than 1.2 m) seedling can be cultivated in about 12 years.

The shaping and pruning are based on basic research results such as root tillering analysis, sprouting and branch forming rule, physiological critical period solution and the like of the paeonia rockii, are subjected to practice and exploration for more than ten years, and are the most core technology of the method.

The method 2 is a supplement of the method 1 and aims to fully utilize branches of the paeonia rockii excellent variety as scions. The large-size nursery stocks of the two inventions are continuously cultured on the spot, are scientifically shaped and trimmed, and can grow into large paeonia rockii trees with the crown diameter of 2.5-3.0 meters and the plant height of 1.5 meters after 10 years or less. And the natural growth lasts for more than 30 years, and the cultivation period is shortened by one third. The peony is an extreme value level of the natural growth of the existing paeonia rockii, and can still grow vigorously and continuously grow under the new technology.

The two invented large-size nursery stocks are continuously cultivated on site in a sparse planting mode, scientific shaping and pruning are assisted, and after 10 years or more, the large paeonia rockii tree with the crown diameter of 2.5-3.0 meters and the plant height of 1.5 meters or more is obtained. The extreme value level of the crown width of the naturally grown paeonia rockii is achieved, and the naturally grown paeonia rockii is at least more than 30 years.

The scientificity and the advancement of the method are mainly shown in the following steps: the application of the paeonia rockii seedling with developed main roots endows the tree body with a strong root system; the tender branch grafting in spring can fully utilize the developed root system of the stock and the nutrition storage of the tree body, has quick seedling recovery and strong growth vigor, is assisted in the traditional grafting method, makes the best use of the materials, and successfully solves the problem of quick propagation of the famous paeonia rockii. The ingenious root extraction technology solves the problem that the root tiller breeding in the cultivation of tree-shaped paeonia rockii is troubled, the manual control needs to be repeated repeatedly, and labor and effort are wasted. The difficulty of branch loss caused by leaving the spirit slightly; the paeonia rockii pruning technology after gradual decoding of peony biological characteristics based on sprouting and branching rules and the like thoroughly subverts the traditional paeonia rockii cultivation technical system. The traditional peony cultivation method emphasizes that the lower part is controlled to be stable and the upper part is controlled to be stable. The peony needs combing, and the peony needs washing feet (note: the peony needs removing the side buds and the peony needs breaking off the root tillers), the long-term existence of the overground bone stem branches is maintained mainly by controlling the foot buds to prevent the growth of the foot buds from threatening the growth of the original branches, and the peony slowly grows into a big peony tree, which is mainly stable. It is not recognized that an article can be made on balancing the growth of the tree body, flowering and fructification and accelerating the metabolism of the branch tips. The novel cultivation technical system is based on the secrecy of the growth of the paeonia rockii, realizes breakthrough by manual intervention and scientific pruning, and is mainly promoted to cause leukorrhea. Promoting the growth of vegetative shoots accelerates the alternation of old and new shoots. The method is based on improving the illumination condition of the tree body and improving the storage nutrition level of the tree body; promoting the development of the strong vegetative shoots is a means to keep tips of the bone trunk shoots in a young state of vigorous growth all the time. Therefore, the method changes the passivity into the initiative, excites the growth potential of the paeonia rockii, breaks the monopoly of reproductive growth on the apical dominance, realizes the dynamic balance of vegetative growth and reproductive growth, accelerates the growth, realizes the health and long life and prolongs the economic life.

Noun concepts involved in the summary of the invention

1. Nutrition branch and flower and fruit mother branch

Here. Defining that only long leaves exist in the current year of germination, and branches which do not bloom are called vegetative branches; on the contrary, when the germination blooms in the current year, the branch which can form a mixed bud at the tip and bloom again in the next year is called a flower and fruit mother branch.

The nutrient branches of paeonia rockii can be divided into two types: one is the root tillers that occur from the root stem of the plant below ground soil, which we commonly call "foot buds" as the name suggests; the other type, which occurs in the branches of trees, is formed by the germination of latent buds or leaf buds. The paeonia rockii is characterized in that the vegetative branches are not stimulated and generally do not occur. And strong vegetative shoots can be formed only after the latent shoots which have been germinated in summer and autumn in the first year are stimulated to germinate.

The mother branch of the flower and fruit is the most main part of the paeonia rockii which blooms and fruits. In a typical paeonia rockii cultivation variety, standard flower and fruit mother branches generally have 7-8 compound leaves (the 8 th support leaf is not arranged in part of the standard flower and fruit mother branches), the developed compound leaves are more than 15, wherein only the middle lower part of the standard flower and fruit mother branches is lignified in autumn by an axillary bud section, and the upper part of the standard flower and fruit mother branches is withered without buds, so that the 'eight inches fading in length by one size' is said. The length of the common generation flower and fruit mother branch can reach 37-43 cm, wherein only five segments of the base part grow new buds, the length of the bud segments is 12-15 cm, generally, five buds are arranged on the bud segments, the first two are flower buds, the middle and lower two are leaf buds, and a less obvious hidden bud is also stored in the incomplete leaf axil of the base part. The typical flower and fruit mother branch is commonly called as five-bud branch, and the lignification mature section of the strong mother branch of partial varieties is six buds, and the tip is 3 flower buds. Commonly called six-bud branches.

2. The original generation flower mother fruit branch and the first, second and third generation flower mother fruit branches ….

Generally, the mother branch of the flower and fruit formed after the bud of the flower on the top of the vegetative branch is called as the mother branch of the original generation flower and fruit. And forming a new generation of mother flower and fruit branches after the mother flower and fruit branches bloom again. The branch mode of the mother branches of the paeonia rockii flowers and fruits is very similar to that of the fake two-branch branches of eggplants, the first generation is 2, the second generation is 4, the third generation is 8, and the rest is done in the same way. The first generation mother branch of flowers and fruits (usually 2 branches) formed by the primary generation mother branch of flowers and fruits has vigorous growth, no obvious strong and weak differentiation and good flowering and fructification, can best represent the characteristics of the paeonia rockii peony of the variety, and is also called as the standard mother branch of flowers and fruits. Along with the increase of the generation number, the number of the mother branches is multiplied, and the quality of the mother branches is rapidly reduced. Starting to differentiate from the second generation; the third generation has more obvious strong and weak differentiation, the length of the mother branch is also obviously shrunk, and only one flower bud can be differentiated in part; after the third generation, the disease tends to decline, branch disorder, and mother branch is thin and weak, and gradually tends to age and die.

3. Physiological crisis phenomenon

Generally, ornamental paeonia rockii grows in a planting land for about 8-10 years, the height of a plant is 1.0 meter, the diameter of a crown is about 1.5 meters, the physiological age is 15-20 years, and when the branch quantity per unit area exceeds a limit value, the growth and development of the ornamental paeonia rockii inevitably occur rapidly and extremely. Here we refer to this phenomenon as the physiological critical phase of paeonia rockii. The physiological critical period of paeonia rockii is the result of combined action of branch and leaf closure, deterioration of illumination condition and decay and aging of the parent branches of the young flowers, fruits and mother branches. The root cause of physiological critical period is vegetative growth and reproductive growth imbalance under the condition of reproductive growth dominance and nutritional deficiency in tree storage. In particular. The physiological critical period occurs, firstly, the branch and leaf closure, the light and capacity are reduced and the nutrition is lacked because the branch forming capacity is far greater than the tree crown expansion capacity; and the other is branch and tip shedding caused by the aging decay and death of the mother branches of the flowers and fruits after the mother branches of the flowers and fruits bloom and fruit in successive years. The superposition of the two results in the extreme growth and decline of the paeonia rockii. Branches and leaves are blocked, the tip is aged, and the decline of light and light capacity is a precursor of the coming of the physiological critical period. The occurrence of branch and tip shedding is the most obvious sign of entering the physiological critical period and is accompanied with serious self-thinning of the root system. The physiological critical phase phenomenon seriously weakens the growth potential of plants and harms the growth and development of trees. If the management can not adopt powerful countermeasures to overcome the problem, the paeonia rockii suffering from physiological critical period injury is usually subjected to primordial qi severe injury, is not aged or aged, and is difficult to recover thoroughly.

The root system self-dredging has not been subjected to profile observation and detailed experiments, but only by reference to the inference of drug peony production. When the paeonia ostii of the south China peony variety group is used for production and cultivation of the cortex moutan, the technical specifications clearly indicate that the quality and the yield of the cortex moutan are greatly influenced by flowering and seed setting, and the yield is reduced by at least more than 30% if a large amount of peony seeds are flowering and seed setting in the current year, and the quality of the cortex moutan is poor. Picking off in time after bud development is required, and consuming a large amount of nutrition if seeds are formed. The backflow nutrition is insufficient to maintain the growth of the root system, the root system is self-thinned, and the yield of the cortex moutan is greatly reduced.

4. Strong nutrient branch

In the nutrient branches of paeonia rockii, one kind of nutrient branches seems to have the property of arbor long branches, the growth vigor is strong in early spring after the mother branches of flowers and fruits germinate, the tip end is close to the periphery of a crown when the peony blooms, and the tree is flush with or even exceeds the periphery of the crown after the peony regrows, so that the peony is called as a strong nutrient branch.

Preliminary observation shows that the strong vegetative shoots are developed from the occurrence of sprouts. Part of the root tillers (namely the foot buds) can grow into strong vegetative shoots.

The strong vegetative branches (root tillers and hidden bud development branches) of the paeonia rockii vigorous growth plant sometimes have large growth quantity which can reach more than 45-50 cm, but the final branch apical bud generally can not break through the height of a crown. Unlike the development of the bare-grown branches of plants such as fruit trees and the like beyond the crown of the tree.

Carefully analyzing the framework of the tree body of the paeonia rockii, the strong nutrition branches are the most main sources of the final framework of the tree body,

5. sprout bud

In summer and autumn crossings of paeonia rockii, a user can find that part of hidden buds on the tree branches of the peony begin to sprout, the tree branches are slightly greenish and expand to the size of rice grains, the tree branches enter winter and become red, and the base parts of the tree branches are wrapped by scales. We call it a sprout.

The sprouts have the potential of growing into strong vegetative shoots.

6. Link of a Chinese character

After the terminal flower bud germinates, the junction of the first and second annual branches at the base of the branch will slightly thicken to form a ring mark, even if the branch becomes the skeleton composition of a tree after many years, the ring mark still obviously exists like a bamboo joint, and the link is vividly called.

The role of the links in the tree framework needs to be further studied. It is important! But is most easily overlooked.

Drawings

FIG. 1 is a photograph of a section of the root system (with developed main roots) of a Paeonia rockii seedling on site.

FIG. 2 shows the root shoot initiation site (epicotyl root shoot initiation region) of the root stem of a peony seedling.

FIG. 3 shows that the wound is healed and the scion germinates after the high-position grafting of the tender branches of the field photo for 40 days.

Generally, the wound is completely healed about 20 days after grafting, the scion gradually sprouts 30 days later, a certain scion leaf area can be formed before the summer-entering paeonia rockii enters a semi-dormant (commonly called napping) state, and the tree crown is restored and the tree stock scion is vertically communicated.

FIG. 4 shows the root extracting effect of a good variety of Paeonia rockii grown for more than 50 years.

The original plant is laterally inclined in front of a house window of a main person, and is transplanted to a field for planting a tree crown, so that the original rhizome is laterally exposed out of the ground. Obviously, the side facing the lens is separated from the soil to inhibit the generation of root tillers, and the side facing away from the lens is buried to initiate the generation of the root tillers, wherein a thicker root tillere is developed and grows into a larger new branch.

FIG. 5 shows the spread and erect plant type of the test plant of example 1 after three years of continuous pruning.

FIG. 6 shows the spring renewal of shoots in the fourth year after three consecutive pruning of the test plant of example 1.

FIG. 7 shows the third year flowering with the tree body returning upward (restoration of apical vigor) in case of example 2 pruning.

Detailed Description

The invention provides a core technology of paeonia rockii pruning actual operation.

Example 1: case one: the pruning test strain grows in Liu XX family of Liu village of Yun Jing county highland, the height of the strain is 1.7 m in 2014, the crown diameter is 3.0 x 3.0 m, the pruning test strain can naturally grow for many years, the crown is scattered and the branches are disordered, the upward growth is nearly stopped except for slight centrifugal growth, and the trunk branches in the center of the crown are aged and hollowed. The mother branches of flowers and fruits are aged seriously.

The method comprises the following specific operations: after trimming at a ratio of 2:1 in 9 months in 2014, the problems of canopy closure and draping are solved, and 270 flowers bloom in 5 months in 2015, so that a plurality of vegetative shoots are emitted (45) in hope. The balance of vegetative growth and reproductive growth of the tree body is greatly improved, the flower diameter is 20/12, the leaf color is dark green and bright, and the standard flower level is basically reached. The tree is full of flowers, and the master is very satisfied. Combined with the investigation of a pruning test in 2016 for 1 month and 15 days, the total branch amount is 314+12 (wherein the flower and fruit mother branch 269 nutrient branch 45 foot buds 12), the flat rice flower and fruit mother branch allowance is about 45, the flat rice branch amount is 51.02, the scattering condition is obviously improved, and the crown diameter is reduced to 2.8 meters. When 270 flowers actually bloom up and down in the year, the length of the flower branches is not up to the standard, and the flower quantity is overloaded. The mother branches of flowers and fruits mainly take 2-3 generations, although the third generation is also mostly expressed as five-bud branches, the flowers and fruits are obviously shortened, the quality of flower buds is obviously degraded, and the mother branches after double flowers are differentiated in two poles. Pruning a strong tip 3:1, pruning a weak tip 2:1, retracting weak branches to an obvious hidden bud position of a 3-4-year-old growth part, keeping branches 251 of a whole tree, keeping 300 flowers up and down (average 41.8 branches/square meter (female branch 215 top flower nutrition branch 30 foot bud 6), keeping short cut 61, retracting weak branch 31, expecting 2017 nutrition branch total amount 150 up and down, and flower and fruit female branch: vegetative shoots =2:1 ideal. 100-150 aged parent branches above three generations are planned to be eliminated in 2017. The plant type is compact, the flower is large and upright, and the flowering period is prolonged to 18 days. The ornamental effect is obviously improved by one level. Combined with the investigation of a pruning test in 3, 7 and 7 days in 2017, the total branch amount is 233+100 (picking), wherein the nutrition branch is 38 and the foot bud is 18, and the second and third generations of withered shoot parent branches are basically absent. The aging of the mother branches can be effectively restrained and the service life can be prolonged under the condition of fine management under the high-fertilizer water condition. In addition, the fructification is more nutrient-consuming than the flowering, and the aging of mother branches of flowers and fruits is accelerated. Vegetative shoot pruning appears as retraction of shoots with little shoots truncated, indicating inhibition by apical dominance after flower buds have germinated. In order to further observe the branch forming rule of the vegetative branches and the strength and differentiation change of the parent branches of each generation. Cutting the retracted flower and fruit mother branch 62, the vegetative branch is cut short by 23, the short cut mother branch 25+50 (ear picking) is updated by two branches, and basically, the flower and fruit mother branch at the top end leaves a single tip, 1-3 flower buds are mainly the two flower bud mother branch. Strong grafting picking (forestry) in 8 months in 2017, the reduction of branch quantity is too large, the storage nutrition accumulation is also influenced, and the pruning in 2 months in 2018 is basically performed by soft pruning mainly, so that the branch quantity is tried to be quickly recovered. If large snow is left before and after the Ming festival, the snow is not shaken in time to protect the flowers, buds are damaged by frozen tips, 2/3 buds are aborted, branches are shortened, and the tree vigor is weakened. When the female branches are partially weakened by winter pruning in 2019 for 3 months, the updating force of the double branches at the tip end is increased, 45-50 branches of the stub flower and fruit female branches are aimed at promoting vegetative branches, the crown expansion and tree growing are accelerated, and the three-dimensional flowering is realized. When the cut is cut in 28 days of winter in 2 months and in 2020, the stored nutrition level of the tree body is good and the branches are hard and crisp. After two years of rest, the tree body and branch amount can be recovered, but the growth amount of the vegetative branches is common and is estimated to be caused by the sequelae of snow disasters. The direct result is that the branch is closed again on the surface layer of the controlled crown. Annual pruning feels that the mother branches of flowers and fruits are crowded, but the quality is good, and the fertility is sufficient, so that the large branch quantity is continuously maintained, and the overload branch quantity is adjusted when scions are pruned in autumn after flowers appear. The flower 350 is left above and below. The method mainly adopts double-branch updating, the mother branches of the flowers and fruits retain more double flowers, only the tips of the main branches of bones at all levels are used for ejecting flower buds, or only one flower is retained after single branch updating, and a pruning reaction bar is watched. Three branches of the tips are lifted simultaneously, the branches are sparse when dense, the branches are renewed when the space exists, the large adjustment is carried out, the nutrition branch tie is strived for while blooming, the growth vigor of the tips is maintained, the crown expansion is accelerated, and the space is pulled open. Because the number of strong nutrition branches and sprouting buds is not large, the branch quantity is quite abundant, and the dense parts are relieved and weakened + the double branches are renewed. The weakened old branches are few, so the retraction, renewal and thinning are basically not performed. If not, there is no problem in this year, and it will be a year of the flower cluster. When in autumn shearing, the single-shaft tip is removed to be used as a scion, and when in winter shearing, the scion is relieved and retracted for updating or directly removed. And (5) transitioning to stereoscopic flowering. (the pruning test is still continued.) the specific changes of the tree body pruning for five years are shown in the attached table 1:

example 2 cases two pruning test strains were grown in Liu XX family of Liu village four society in Liu, Yun Jing county , height 2.5 m in 2017, crown diameter 4.0 x 4.0 m, natural growth of the strain was allowed for many years, crowns were scattered and disordered, no centrifugal growth had occurred, upward growth was stagnated, crowns were severely deviated, central skeleton branches of the crowns were aged and dead, and mother flowers and fruits were severely aged. The original strain is branched from three tablelands and veterinary stations. This is the largest peony plant discovered in Yongjing county so far. This has grown in 34 years, which is a pity of all. As the house is buckled at home, the winter solstice sprouts every year, and flowers before and after Qingming. The existing plant is healthy, the base part is seven main branches, the plant type is beautiful, the framework is uniform and firm, and the plant is free from damage and elegance although the branches are disordered and the tips are scattered. Due to natural growth along the way, branches are crossed and disordered, extend along multiple single axes, have baldness on the back, and the tips generally begin to age, particularly the top and the periphery of the tips droop, so that the aging is obvious. The plant height is nearly stagnant; the branches are too large, and the flowering surface is formed. The branches seriously drop after a large amount of blossoms. Over the years, owners have also properly removed some of the drooping branches. Because the inner chamber is closed, the root tillers rarely germinate and the vegetative shoots are also few and weak. And combining grafting and picking in 19 days 9 and 9 in 2017, and carrying out first formal trimming. The branch amount of 1/3 at the periphery of the lower ring and the branch amount of 1/5-1/4 at the middle upper part are thinned. The branch quantity per unit area is reduced to be below the canopy value. During pruning, the main points are thinning, drooping, declining and over dense single-axis branches. Actual statistics: cutting or thinning 150 branches of the mother branches of the flowers and the fruits, and retracting 10 branches; retracting or thinning the degenerated single-axis branches 50 up and down. And pruning and compressing the total branches of the whole tree by more than 200 branches. When the cut shoots are cut in winter 12 and 24 months in 2017, flowers are kept, the parent shoots are renewed and rejuvenated, more than 20 dry branches on the back and the lower shoots are thinned and removed, and 56 branches of the hyperlong uniaxial shoots with declined tip ends are thinned and cut or retracted. Keeping double flowers in the high-quality mother branches of the flowers and the fruits, and updating the double branches; the weak flower and fruit mother branch is kept with single flower, and the single branch and the double branches are renewed and used together. The branch tip side of the framework is more important for updating and rejuvenating, and the tree vigor is enhanced. Mother branches of flowers and fruits: the renewal branches =1:2-3, single flowers are reserved in the mother branches, and more flowers are reserved in the rest branches, and the ratio of the two is 1: 1. Based on the strong and healthy branches trimmed and promoted in this year, the flowers and fruits can be returned and rejuvenated to grow the uniaxial branches and update the second three generations of flowers and fruits mother branches after the coming year, so that the updating and updating of the flowers and fruits mother branches and the three-dimensional flowering standing-up of ' old branches of trees are not old and big branches of trees ' are not disordered ' are realized. The fall in the flowering phase of 2018 is inevitable. The observation of the flowering phase in 2018 shows that flowers are enlarged, flowering branches and flowering phases are increased, flowers and leaves are alternated, abortion and flower disappearance delay are delayed, sagging is obviously reduced, and the local parts are still scattered. Combining with the survey of the second year of pruning beginning in 31/10/2018, reserving the top flowers of spatial nutrition branches as much as possible, replacing the blossoming first generation of strong flower and fruit mother branches, and having more shortages in no space (note: the strong nutrition branches are the foundation of the updating and rapid crown expansion of the flower and fruit mother branches, and the cultivation and utilization are the core of the paeonia rockii pruning technology); most of strong and strong first-generation flower and fruit mother branches are 6 bud branches, even 7 bud branches exist, the length of a mature section is 27-35 cm and reaches 29.29 cm, double flowers are basically reserved, and the excessive dense part and the tip end are cut short to the lower leaf bud part to promote growth; the second-generation flower and fruit mother branch is a main branch which blooms and fruits, and the plasticity is the maximum when pruning is carried out. In the year, the double-branch updating is mainly used for stabilizing the crown so as to realize local alternation between new and old, the double flowers are basically reserved, and conditions are created for the compactness of flower and fruit branches on the premise of stabilizing the whole flower quantity of the whole tree. So that the long branch group is removed or contracted and updated with residual force (annual contraction and update of 15-16 branches, and removal of 8 branches); the annual three generations of flowers and fruits still have large amount (50-55%), and the strong and weak differentiation between two branches at the same place is very obvious and partially shortened. On the premise of ensuring the whole tree body to have enough branches, the tree body is retracted, updated and reserved with flowers, a single branch and a single flower are reserved at the tip end, and the tree body is weak and strong. When the utility model is retracted, the utility model is retracted to the sprouting part of the hidden bud as much as possible. Essentially retract, single flower and unwrap ⅓ each. In practical situations, the second three generations of flower and fruit parent branches are easy to update, but the group of the flowers and fruits with the long branches is difficult to realize by releasing the hands and retracting the flowers and fruits. When the stored nutrition is not sufficient, the regeneration and development ability of the paeonia rockii is limited, and the paeonia rockii is dare not to be cut and killed, the flower quantity is not calculated when the year is sacrificed, and the tree vigor (the leaf quantity is insufficient in spring) can be hurt. The superiority of the top of the crown of the tree ⅔ is recovered, but the upper part of the north side does not emit strong nutrition branches. Waiting and thinking about the method are needed. Original experimental design, continuously pruning for 5-7 years to realize the nutrient branch ratio of more than 30%, wherein the tip of a bone trunk branch is more than 50%, the plant height is 3.0-3.5 m, the crown diameter is 6.5-7.0 m, the total branch amount is 1200/800 (before and after pruning), the flowering of a first generation and a second generation fruit mother branch is mainly (more than 70), and 1000 flowers are grown in the year.

The specific values of the changes of the tree body after five years of pruning are shown in the following attached table 2:

TABLE 2

The foregoing is only a macro architecture and key node technology of the present invention, and it should be noted that those skilled in the art may still optimize the technical invention of the present invention or make equivalent substitutions for some of the node technical features without departing from the principle of the present invention. Any modification, equivalent replacement, optimization improvement and the like within the technical route and principle of the invention shall be included in the protection scope of the invention. The foregoing is illustrative of the best mode of the invention, and details not described herein are within the common general knowledge of a person of ordinary skill in the art; the scope of the present invention is defined by the appended claims, and any equivalent modifications based on the technical teaching of the present invention are also within the scope of the present invention.

Claims (2)

1. A method for rapidly cultivating a tree-shaped famous paeonia rockii big tree is characterized by comprising the following steps:

the method comprises the following steps: by spring high-position twig grafting method

The first step is as follows: selecting proper grafting combination

Utilizing 3-5 year-old paeonia rockii seed-sowing seedlings with developed main roots and strong growth as stock seedlings; strong foot buds of excellent varieties of paeonia rockii with strong dryness and strong growth potential or vegetative shoots on trees are used as scions;

the second step is that: basic seedling cultivation

The selected stock seedlings are cultivated in single-row high ridge culture at the density of 3000-3500 plants/mu; the ridge is 13-15 cm high and 50-60 cm wide; planting the stock seedlings in autumn along the highest point of the ridge back according to the plant spacing of 70-80 cm; wide and narrow rows are adopted to facilitate grafting farming operation; 1-2 years after the stock seedlings are planted, the stock seedlings are cut down and promoted in time after the seedlings are revived, and qualified stock basic seedlings with 2-3 strong vegetative shoots with the height of more than 50 cm can be cultured in three years;

the third step: grafting and root-lifting treatment

In the fourth year after planting, the top bud of the strong nutrition branch of the stock basic seedling germinates, when the middle lower part of a new shoot begins to be semi-lignified, selecting the strong foot bud of the improved variety paeonia rockii and the semi-lignified twig of the top bud section of the strong nutrition branch of the tree body as scions at the second and third parts of the primary flower and fruit mother branch or the middle lower part of the current generation strong nutrition branch, and grafting by adopting a twig cleft grafting method; the branches and leaves of the stock, the un-grafted weak branches and the excessive branches and leaves under the grafting opening are reserved, and after the scion survives

Removing in the second year; axillary buds and hidden buds below a grafting opening are timely erased and controlled to germinate, and the nutrition of branches is guaranteed to be prior to the growth of branches and leaves of scions;

in the fifth year after planting, the non-grafted branches and trunks are cut off in early spring, the branches and leaves of the stocks are controlled to germinate, all nutrients of the tree body are concentrated in the branches and leaves of the scions to grow, and the crown of the tree is quickly recovered; gradually removing soil close to the root in autumn for root extraction treatment;

thoroughly flattening high ridges in spring of the sixth year after planting, gradually raking soil on the ridges near roots of the peony, separating embryonic axis root tillers on root systems of the rootstock from the soil, exposing the embryonic axis root tillers in the air, and finishing root extraction treatment;

the fourth step: pruning and pruning

According to the needs, a single trunk or 2-3 trunks can be selected to be reserved, the flower is inhibited and the germination is promoted from the second year after the grafting survives, the germination of the scion part is stimulated, and the growth of the tree body is accelerated; the tree-shaped grafted seedlings can be used as qualified famous products to be outplanted in autumn; retaining 600-700 strain/mu of famous tree-like grafted seedling, and continuously culturing for 3-4 years.

2. The method for rapidly cultivating the big tree of the tree-shaped famous paeonia rockii as claimed in claim 1, comprising the following steps:

the second method comprises the following steps: adopts the traditional autumn grafting method

The first step is as follows: selecting proper grafting combination autumn grafting

3-5 year-old seedlings with developed main roots and 1.5-2.0 cm thick diameter are used as stock seedlings; strong foot buds of excellent varieties of paeonia rockii with strong dryness and strong growth potential or nutrient branches on trees are grafted in autumn by scions;

the grafting opening is selected at the smooth part of the root and stem part on the lateral root formed by the embryonic axis on the paeonia rockii seedling, and the grafting is carried out by using the traditional grafting method to form a grafted seedling;

the second step is that: basic seedling cultivation

The grafted seedlings are firstly stored in sand to promote roots and seedlings to survive, and when the grafted seedlings generate callus; selecting grafted seedlings which are grafted to survive, and planting the grafted seedlings in a field in autumn according to the density of 4500-6000 plants/mu; the grafting opening is 2-5cm lower than the ground surface during planting; slowly watering the planting water after planting, not drying but not watering, thoroughly watering the winter water before overwintering, enhancing fertilizer water after overwintering, and performing fine management; stumping and promoting seedlings to grow vigorously after 2-3 years of planting, and culturing into a grafting basic seedling with 2-3 branches, plant height of 30-50 cm, long main root and developed root system after 3-4 years of planting;

the third step: root extraction treatment

Before root lifting and planting of the basic grafted seedling, thick lateral roots near the surface of the earth are thinned, and meanwhile, one strongest vegetative branch is selected to be reserved as a main trunk, or multiple branches of trees are cultivated and all reserved; bare root planting of the grafted basic seedlings; deeply starting grafting basic seedlings, and ridging and planting at the appropriate density of 600 plus 700 plants/mu; the ridge is required to be 13-15 cm high and 50-60 cm wide, planting is carried out in autumn along the highest point of the ridge back according to the plant spacing of 70-80 cm, and the grafting opening is 2-5cm higher than the ridge surface; 2-3 years after planting, the paeonia rockii completes rejuvenation, enters a vigorous growth period, forms a complete crown, and starts to carry out root extraction treatment; cutting off high ridges in early autumn at the end of summer, gradually raking soil on the ridges near the roots of the peonies, changing ridge culture into flat culture, and finishing root extraction in spring of the next year;

the fourth step: pruning and pruning

Picking off the preliminarily formed grafting basic seedling after the top flower shows buds to promote seedling revival; the seedling enters a vigorous growth stage after 1-2 years of seedling recovery, 3-5 vigorous branches with balanced growth vigor are selected and reserved, buds are removed in time after the buds are developed every year, the buds are not allowed to bloom, the manufactured photosynthetic nutrition enriched tissue is fully utilized, a first generation of flower and fruit mother branches are utilized, a alternate year back-buckling pruning method for promoting strong nutrition branches is adopted to promote the branches, the growth of crowns is accelerated, and the forming period is shortened;

other branches are used as mother branches of flowers and fruits to allow the mother branches to bloom for 2 to 3 years and age, and then the mother branches are retracted and updated in time;

by the method 1, a qualified tree-shaped famous paeonia rockii large-size seedling can be cultivated after ten years;

by the method 2, a qualified tree-shaped famous paeonia rockii large-size seedling can be cultivated after twelve years;

the thin planting of the large-size nursery stocks is continued to be cultured on the spot, scientific shaping and pruning are assisted, and after 10 years, the large-size paeonia rockii tree with the crown diameter of 2.5-3.0 m and the plant height of about 1.5 m is obtained, so that the extreme value level of the crown width of the naturally-growing paeonia rockii tree is achieved, and the natural growth lasts for at least 30 years.

Images