CN114128577A - Codonopsis pilosula wild-imitating cultivation method - Google Patents
Codonopsis pilosula wild-imitating cultivation method Download PDFInfo
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- 241000007126 Codonopsis pilosula Species 0.000 title claims abstract description 118
- 238000012364 cultivation method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 19
- 238000009331 sowing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 40
- 239000000052 vinegar Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 38
- 230000012010 growth Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 241000756943 Codonopsis Species 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 238000003306 harvesting Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 241000607479 Yersinia pestis Species 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 239000012286 potassium permanganate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 239000002932 luster Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 238000002791 soaking Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 238000009333 weeding Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 claims description 30
- 235000021419 vinegar Nutrition 0.000 claims description 18
- 201000010099 disease Diseases 0.000 claims description 13
- 208000037265 diseases, disorders, signs and symptoms Diseases 0.000 claims description 13
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 13
- 230000035784 germination Effects 0.000 claims description 12
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 11
- 244000025254 Cannabis sativa Species 0.000 claims description 7
- 235000013339 cereals Nutrition 0.000 claims description 7
- 235000008331 Pinus X rigitaeda Nutrition 0.000 claims description 6
- 241000018646 Pinus brutia Species 0.000 claims description 6
- 235000011613 Pinus brutia Nutrition 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000002834 transmittance Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000002023 wood Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000003892 spreading Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000010899 nucleation Methods 0.000 abstract description 8
- 241000238631 Hexapoda Species 0.000 description 10
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- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 235000008434 ginseng Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 3
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- 241000246044 Sophora flavescens Species 0.000 description 2
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/25—Root crops, e.g. potatoes, yams, beet or wasabi
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C1/00—Apparatus, or methods of use thereof, for testing or treating seed, roots, or the like, prior to sowing or planting
- A01C1/08—Immunising seed
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G13/00—Protecting plants
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N31/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic oxygen or sulfur compounds
- A01N31/02—Acyclic compounds
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N37/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing organic compounds containing a carbon atom having three bonds to hetero atoms with at the most two bonds to halogen, e.g. carboxylic acids
- A01N37/02—Saturated carboxylic acids or thio analogues thereof; Derivatives thereof
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N43/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds
- A01N43/02—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one or more oxygen or sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms
- A01N43/04—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one or more oxygen or sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms with one hetero atom
- A01N43/14—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one or more oxygen or sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms with one hetero atom six-membered rings
- A01N43/16—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing heterocyclic compounds having rings with one or more oxygen or sulfur atoms as the only ring hetero atoms with one hetero atom six-membered rings with oxygen as the ring hetero atom
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- Agronomy & Crop Science (AREA)
- Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
- Plant Pathology (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Dentistry (AREA)
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Abstract
The invention relates to the technical field of cultivation, in particular to a cultivation method for imitating wild codonopsis pilosula; comprising land selection and land preparation: selecting land with elevation of 1000m-2800m, semiyin and semiyang slope; seed selection and treatment: selecting seeds with full seeds, no mildew, no worm damage and brown luster, and soaking the seeds in a potassium permanganate solution for 2-3 min; sowing seeds: when the ground temperature reaches 5 ℃, top-up seeding, and selecting a covering for shading after seeding; and (3) growth management: intertillage and artificial weeding are carried out before the seedling stage of the codonopsis pilosula is closed; when the growth height of the radix codonopsis is 10cm, removing the covering; performing topping treatment when the growth height of the radix codonopsis is 70-80 cm; and (3) pest control: preparing sugar-vinegar liquid, and filling the sugar-vinegar liquid after stirring into a colored bottle; harvesting: collecting the seeds of the codonopsis pilosula when the pod of the codonopsis pilosula is brown; after autumn solar terms, ditching and digging out the codonopsis pilosula, and harvesting codonopsis pilosula roots. The invention solves the problems of poor yield and poor quality of the codonopsis pilosula in the prior art by artificially cultivating the codonopsis pilosula.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of cultivation, in particular to a cultivation method for imitating wild codonopsis pilosula.
Background
The codonopsis pilosula is a traditional tonifying medicine commonly used in China, has the effects of enhancing immunity, dilating blood vessels, reducing blood pressure, improving microcirculation, enhancing hematopoietic function and the like, and has an effect of improving leucocyte reduction caused by chemotherapy and radiotherapy.
The codonopsis pilosula is a conventional bulk medicinal material variety, is called as ginseng in folks, is a bulk medicinal material which is in short supply in the national Chinese medicinal material market, is exported all the year round, has large annual market demand, reduces yield due to small planting area in recent years, drought in production areas and the like, and has empty market stock and insufficient supply of goods sources.
At present, the requirements of the existing market cannot be met by digging wild codonopsis pilosula, on one hand, wild resources are less and less, on the other hand, the wild codonopsis pilosula grows dispersedly and is difficult to harvest, and the wild codonopsis pilosula has larger quality difference and poorer commodity.
However, the conventional method for artificially cultivating codonopsis pilosula needs to regularly fertilize the cultivated codonopsis pilosula, seedlings of codonopsis pilosula are cool and shaded, adult plants prefer sunlight, and the survival rate of codonopsis pilosula from germination to growth in a single environment is low, so that the yield and the quality of codonopsis pilosula are limited. Meanwhile, in order to improve the yield of medicinal materials and reduce root rot of the codonopsis pilosula, the pests such as cutworms, grubs and the like need to be controlled by using the insecticide regularly, so that environmental pollution is easily caused, and the quality of the codonopsis pilosula is reduced.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects in the prior art, the invention provides a wild-imitating cultivation method for codonopsis pilosula, which aims to solve the problems of poor yield and poor quality of codonopsis pilosula in the conventional artificial cultivation of codonopsis pilosula.
In order to achieve the purpose, the invention adopts the following technical scheme: a wild-imitating cultivation method for codonopsis pilosula comprises the following steps:
land selection and preparation: selecting a semi-yin semi-yang slope land with the elevation of 1000m-2800m and the gradient of 15-30 degrees, and performing land preparation treatment on the land according to contour lines;
seed selection and treatment: selecting seeds with full seeds, no mildew, no worm damage and brown luster, and soaking the seeds in a potassium permanganate solution for 2-3 min;
sowing seeds: when the ground temperature reaches 5 ℃, the top is used for sowing, and a covering is selected for shading after sowing;
and (3) growth management: intertillage and artificial weeding are carried out before the seedling stage of the codonopsis pilosula is closed; when the growing height of the codonopsis pilosula is 10cm, removing the covering; performing topping treatment when the growth height of the radix codonopsis is 70-80 cm;
preventing and treating diseases and pests by suspending sugar-vinegar solution or spreading radix Sophorae Flavescentis residue on the land above the land;
harvesting: collecting the seeds of the codonopsis pilosula when the pod of the codonopsis pilosula is brown; after autumn solar terms, ditching and digging out the codonopsis pilosula, and harvesting codonopsis pilosula roots.
When the technical scheme is adopted, the cultivation of the codonopsis pilosula is carried out by selecting the land with the elevation of 1000m-2800m and the semi-yin and semi-yang slope, so that the growing environment of the artificially cultivated codonopsis pilosula is the same as that of the wild codonopsis pilosula, the seeds are soaked by potassium permanganate solution, the soaked seeds can prevent diseases of various seedlings, the seed utilization rate is improved and the cost investment is reduced by a fine sowing technology of top-up sowing. By adopting manual topping, the vegetative growth at the top is inhibited, and the nutrient substances of the codonopsis pilosula are transferred to the underground root, so that the yield and the seed yield of the codonopsis pilosula root strips are improved. Meanwhile, the sugar-vinegar liquid or the radix sophorae flavescentis can be used for preventing and treating diseases and insect pests of the radix codonopsitis, so that the pollution to the environment is reduced, and the quality of the radix codonopsitis strips is improved.
Preferably, the soil preparation treatment comprises the following specific steps:
when the gradient is between 15 degrees and 28 degrees, soil preparation is carried out from top to bottom; when the gradient is more than 28 degrees and less than 30 degrees, soil preparation is carried out from bottom to top.
Soil preparation can be better carried out on the soil through different slopes and different modes.
Preferably, said seeds are selected to have the further characteristics of: the seed belongs to codonopsis pilosula in platycodonaceae, the purity is more than or equal to 98%, the purity is more than or equal to 95%, the germination rate is more than or equal to 94%, the thousand seed weight is more than or equal to 0.28g, the water content is less than or equal to 6.5%, and the concentration of a potassium permanganate solution is 0.1% -0.15%.
So that the selected seeds can have better germination rate.
Preferably, the top-up sowing step comprises:
adopting a drilling method of horizontal ditching with contour lines, digging a shallow trench with the distance of 1-2 cm and the row spacing of 10-12 cm, uniformly scattering the treated seeds into the shallow trench according to the sowing quantity of 2-3 kg for sowing in each mu of land, covering the seeds with soil for 1cm, and compacting the covered soil.
By the drill seeding method with different gradient seeding amounts, the emergence rate, the emergence time, the emergence uniformity and the ginseng seedling quality of the codonopsis pilosula are improved, and meanwhile, centralized management and harvesting are facilitated.
Preferably, the light transmittance of the covering is 60%, and the covering is made of cereal grass and/or pine branches.
The covering facilitates the germination of seeds, and the cover is made of cereal grass or pine branches, which is more environment-friendly.
Preferably, the sugar and vinegar suspension method comprises the following specific steps:
preparing sugar-vinegar liquid, stirring with wood stick, placing the stirred sugar-vinegar liquid into a colored bottle, hanging the colored bottle on the crown, placing at the upper wind port of the crown, and replacing the sugar-vinegar liquid in the colored bottle once per week.
The sugar-vinegar liquid is scattered from the colored bottle along with the wind direction and blown to the soil of the sowed codonopsis pilosula, thereby realizing the prevention and treatment of the diseases and insect pests of the codonopsis pilosula.
Preferably, the sugar-vinegar solution is prepared by the ratio of brown sugar to vinegar to wine to water of 1: 4: 1: 16 or the ratio of brown sugar to vinegar to water of 1: 4: 16.
The prepared sugar-vinegar liquid can better prevent and treat the diseases and insect pests of the codonopsis pilosula.
Preferably, the colored bottle is a plastic basin or bottle with the caliber of 9cm-12 cm;
the height of the colored bottle from the ground is 1-2 meters, and the colored bottle is hung at intervals of 500-700 meters along the direction of the selected land height above sea level.
The sugar and vinegar liquid filled in the colored bottle can be conveniently diffused from the colored bottle, and the colored bottle is hung at intervals to effectively prevent and control plant diseases and insect pests.
Preferably, the height of the colored bottle hung on the ground is 1.5 meters, and the colored bottle is hung at intervals of 667 meters along the direction of the selected altitude of the ground.
Is favorable for preventing and controlling insect pests and reducing pollution.
Preferably, the growth cycle of harvesting the radix codonopsis strip is at least two years, and the ditching depth of ditching to dig the radix codonopsis is 30cm-40 cm.
Avoid the damage to the codonopsis pilosula caused by too shallow ditching, and improve the quality of the codonopsis pilosula.
Preferably, the Codonopsis pilosula root strips are stored after being collected, and the method comprises the following specific steps:
removing impurities and foreign matters on the surfaces of the radix codonopsitis strips, bundling the radix codonopsitis strips, and placing the radix codonopsitis strips in a shady, dry and ventilated place for storage.
The radix Codonopsis strips are stored after being bundled, and the quality guarantee period of the radix Codonopsis strips is prolonged.
The beneficial effect that this scheme produced is:
1. the codonopsis pilosula is cultivated by selecting a growth environment with the altitude and the land similar to those of wild codonopsis pilosula, so that the survival rate of the codonopsis pilosula is improved.
2. By the top-up sowing precision sowing technology, the seed utilization rate is improved, the requirements of the growth and development of the codonopsis pilosula on nutrients are met by completely depending on the natural fertility of soil and local natural conditions, and the cost input is reduced.
3. By adopting artificial topping, the growth of the top of the radix codonopsitis is inhibited, the nutrient substances of the radix codonopsitis are transferred to the root of the radix codonopsitis, and the yield and the seed yield of the radix codonopsitis strips are improved. Moreover, the sugar and vinegar solution is adopted to prevent and control the diseases and the insect pests of the codonopsis pilosula, so that the root rot of the codonopsis pilosula is reduced, the pollution to the environment is avoided, the codonopsis pilosula can be harvested on time, and the yield of the codonopsis pilosula and the quality of codonopsis pilosula root strips are improved.
Detailed Description
The following describes embodiments of the present invention in detail. The following examples are only for illustrating the technical solutions of the present invention more clearly, and therefore are only examples, and the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereby.
The first embodiment is as follows:
a wild-imitating cultivation method for codonopsis pilosula comprises the following steps:
step one, land selection and land preparation: selecting Taihang mountain area and Qin Yuan county far away from village by more than 3 kilometers, abandoned land or forest land, such as pine land. In the embodiment, a wasteland of 5 kilometers away from a village in a Taihang mountain area is selected, the land of a semiyin semiyang slope with the altitude of 1000m-2800m and the slope of 15-30 degrees is arranged in the northeast-southwest direction, and the land is prepared according to contour lines. In this embodiment, when the selected gradient is between 15 ° and 28 °, the specific gradient may be 15 °, 20 ° or 28 °, and the soil preparation is performed from top to bottom. Through the slope of soil, select can be better the mode to soil preparation to the soil.
Step two, seed selection and treatment: the seeds with plump seeds, no mildew, no worm damage and brown luster of the codonopsis pilosula in the platycodonaceae are selected, and the selected seeds have the characteristics that: the purity is more than or equal to 98 percent, the purity is more than or equal to 95 percent, the germination percentage is more than or equal to 94 percent, the thousand seed weight is more than or equal to 0.28g, and the water content is less than or equal to 6.5 percent. And soaking the seeds for 2-3 min, specifically 2min, with the concentration of the potassium permanganate solution being 0.1% -0.15%, and the concentration of the potassium permanganate solution being 0.1% in the embodiment. So that the seeds have better germination rate.
Step three, sowing seeds: when the ground temperature reaches 5 ℃, the top is used for sowing, and a covering is selected for shading after sowing. In this example, the light transmittance of the cover was 60%, and the cover was made of cereal grass.
Wherein, the sowing step of top up sowing is as follows:
adopting a drill method of horizontal ditching with contour lines, digging shallow trenches of 1cm-2cm, wherein the row spacing is 10cm-12cm, uniformly scattering the treated seeds into the shallow trenches according to the sowing quantity of 2kg-3kg for sowing in each mu of land, covering the seeds with soil of 1cm, and slightly pressing the covered soil. The method specifically comprises the following steps: a1 cm shallow trench is opened, the row spacing is 10cm, and 2kg of seeding quantity is sowed in each mu of land. By means of the drill seeding method, the germination rate, the germination time, the emergence uniformity and the ginseng seedling quality of the codonopsis pilosula are improved, and meanwhile, centralized management and harvesting are facilitated.
Step four, growth management: intertillage and artificial weeding are carried out before the seedling stage of the codonopsis pilosula is closed; when the growth height of the radix codonopsis is 10cm, removing the covering; and (4) performing topping treatment when the growth height of the codonopsis pilosula is 70-80 cm. The covering facilitates the germination of seeds, and the cover is made of cereal grass or pine branches, which is more environment-friendly.
Step five, pest control: the prepared sugar-vinegar liquid has the ratio of brown sugar, vinegar, wine and water of 1: 4: 1: 16, and can better prevent and treat the diseases and insect pests of the codonopsis pilosula. The sugar and vinegar liquid is uniformly stirred by a wood stick, the stirred sugar and vinegar liquid is filled into a colored bottle, the color of the colored bottle is preferably red or yellow, and is next to orange and blue, the colored bottle is a plastic basin or a bottle with the caliber of 9cm-12cm, the bottle with the caliber of 10cm is selected in the embodiment, and the sugar and vinegar liquid filled in the bottle and the sugar and vinegar liquid can be conveniently emitted from the colored bottle. The colored bottles filled with the sugar and vinegar liquid are hung on the tree crown, the height of the colored bottles hung from the ground is 1-2 meters, in the embodiment, the height of the colored bottles hung from the ground is 1.5 meters, the colored bottles are placed at an upper air inlet of the tree crown, the colored bottles are hung at intervals of 500-700 meters along the altitude direction of the selected land, and 6 colored bottles are preferably hung at intervals of 667 meters in the implementation. Meanwhile, suspended colored bottles with the spacing of 700 meters can be selected. The sugar-vinegar liquid in the colored bottle is replaced once a week. Is favorable for preventing and controlling insect pests and reducing pollution.
Step six, harvesting: collecting the seeds of the codonopsis pilosula when the pod of the codonopsis pilosula is brown; after autumn solar terms, ditching and digging out the codonopsis pilosula, and harvesting codonopsis pilosula roots. The growth cycle of collecting radix Codonopsis strips is more than two years, and the ditching depth of ditching radix Codonopsis is 30-40 cm. In the embodiment, the ditching depth of ditching and digging the codonopsis pilosula is 30 cm. Avoid the damage to the codonopsis pilosula caused by too shallow ditching, thereby improving the quality of the codonopsis pilosula.
After collecting and collecting radix codonopsitis strips, storing and processing the radix codonopsitis strips, and specifically comprising the following steps: removing impurities and foreign matters on the surfaces of the radix codonopsitis strips, bundling the radix codonopsitis strips, and placing the radix codonopsitis strips in a shady, dry and ventilated place for storage. The radix Codonopsis strips are bundled and stored, and the quality guarantee period of the radix Codonopsis strips is prolonged.
Example two:
a wild-imitating cultivation method for codonopsis pilosula comprises the following steps:
step one, land selection and land preparation: selecting a abandoned land 3.5 kilometers away from the village in Taihang mountain areas and Qiyuan county, and a land with a semiyin semiyang slope with the altitude of 1000m-2800m and the slope of 15-30 degrees, and performing land preparation treatment on the land according to contour lines. When the gradient is more than 28 degrees and less than 30 degrees, soil preparation is carried out from bottom to top. In this embodiment, the slope may be selected to be 29 °.
Step two, seed selection and treatment: the seeds with full seeds, no mildew, no worm damage and brown luster are selected, and the selected seeds have the characteristics that: the purity is more than or equal to 98 percent, the purity is more than or equal to 95 percent, the germination percentage is more than or equal to 94 percent, the thousand seed weight is more than or equal to 0.28g, and the water content is less than or equal to 6.5 percent. And soaking the seeds for 2-3 min, specifically 2.5min, by using a potassium permanganate solution, wherein the concentration of the potassium permanganate solution is 0.12%.
Step three, sowing seeds: when the ground temperature reaches 5 ℃, the top is used for sowing, and a covering is selected for shading after sowing. In this example, the light transmittance of the cover was 60%, and the cover was made of cereal grass.
Wherein, the sowing step of top up sowing is as follows:
adopting a drill method of horizontal ditching with contour lines, digging shallow trenches of 1cm-2cm, wherein the row spacing is 10cm-12cm, uniformly scattering the treated seeds into the shallow trenches according to the sowing quantity of 2kg-3kg for sowing in each mu of land, covering the seeds with soil of 1cm, and slightly pressing the covered soil. The method specifically comprises the following steps: a1.5 cm shallow trench is opened, the row spacing is 11cm, and 2.5kg of seeding quantity is sowed in each mu of land.
Step four, growth management: intertillage and artificial weeding are carried out before the seedling stage of the codonopsis pilosula is closed; when the growth height of the radix codonopsis is 10cm, removing the covering; and (4) performing topping treatment when the growth height of the codonopsis pilosula is 70-80 cm.
Step five, pest control: the sophora flavescens residue is spread on the land, and 2500 kilograms of the sophora flavescens residue is spread per mu to realize the prevention and control of plant diseases and insect pests.
Step six, harvesting: collecting the seeds of the codonopsis pilosula when the pod of the codonopsis pilosula is brown; after autumn solar terms, ditching and digging out the codonopsis pilosula, and harvesting codonopsis pilosula roots. The growth cycle of collecting radix Codonopsis strips is more than three years, and the ditching depth of ditching radix Codonopsis is 30-40 cm. In the embodiment, the ditching depth of ditching and digging the codonopsis pilosula is 35 cm.
After collecting and collecting radix codonopsitis strips, storing and processing the radix codonopsitis strips, and specifically comprising the following steps: removing impurities and foreign matters on the surfaces of the radix codonopsitis strips, bundling the radix codonopsitis strips, and placing the radix codonopsitis strips in a shady, dry and ventilated place for storage.
Example three:
a wild-imitating cultivation method for codonopsis pilosula comprises the following steps:
step one, land selection and land preparation: selecting the soil below pine trees 6 kilometers away from villages in Taihang mountain areas and Qin Yuan county, and the soil of semiyin semisunny slopes with the altitude of 1000m-2800m and the slope of 15-30 degrees, and performing land preparation treatment on the soil according to contour lines. When the gradient is more than 28 degrees and less than 30 degrees, soil preparation is carried out from bottom to top. In this embodiment, the slope may be selected to be 30 °.
Step two, seed selection and treatment: the seeds with full seeds, no mildew, no worm damage and brown luster are selected, and the selected seeds have the characteristics that: the purity is more than or equal to 98 percent, the purity is more than or equal to 95 percent, the germination percentage is more than or equal to 94 percent, the thousand seed weight is more than or equal to 0.28g, and the water content is less than or equal to 6.5 percent. And soaking the seeds for 2-3 min, specifically 3min, by using a potassium permanganate solution, wherein the concentration of the potassium permanganate solution is 0.15%.
Step three, sowing seeds: when the ground temperature reaches 5 ℃, the top is used for sowing, and a covering is selected for shading after sowing. In this example, the light transmittance of the cover was 60%, and the cover was made of cereal grass.
Wherein, the sowing step of top up sowing is as follows:
adopting a drill method of horizontal ditching with contour lines, digging shallow trenches of 1cm-2cm, wherein the row spacing is 10cm-12cm, uniformly scattering the treated seeds into the shallow trenches according to the sowing quantity of 2kg-3kg for sowing in each mu of land, covering the seeds with soil of 1cm, and slightly pressing the covered soil. The method specifically comprises the following steps: a1.5 cm shallow trench is opened, the row spacing is 11cm, and 2.5kg of seeding quantity is sowed in each mu of land.
Step four, growth management: intertillage and artificial weeding are carried out before the seedling stage of the codonopsis pilosula is closed; when the growth height of the radix codonopsis is 10cm, removing the covering; and (4) performing topping treatment when the growth height of the codonopsis pilosula is 70-80 cm.
Step five, pest control: preparing sugar-vinegar liquid, wherein the ratio of the sugar-vinegar liquid to the brown sugar to the vinegar to the water is 1: 4: 16. Stirring with wood bar, and filling the sugar and vinegar solution into a colored bottle, wherein the colored bottle is a plastic basin or bottle with a diameter of 10 cm. The colored bottles filled with the sugar and vinegar liquid are hung on the tree crown, the height of the colored bottles hung on the ground is 1.5 meters, the colored bottles are placed at the upper wind port of the tree crown, the colored bottles are hung at intervals of 500 meters along the direction of the selected altitude of the land, and the sugar and vinegar liquid in the colored bottles is replaced once per week.
Step six, harvesting: collecting the seeds of the codonopsis pilosula when the pod of the codonopsis pilosula is brown; after autumn solar terms, ditching and digging out the codonopsis pilosula, and harvesting codonopsis pilosula roots. The growth cycle of collecting radix Codonopsis strips is more than three years, and the ditching depth of ditching radix Codonopsis is 30-40 cm. In the embodiment, the ditching depth of ditching and digging the codonopsis pilosula is 40 cm.
After collecting and collecting radix codonopsitis strips, storing and processing the radix codonopsitis strips, and specifically comprising the following steps: removing impurities and foreign matters on the surfaces of the radix codonopsitis strips, bundling the radix codonopsitis strips, and placing the radix codonopsitis strips in a shady, dry and ventilated place for storage.
In the invention, as shown in the following table I, compared with the existing codonopsis pilosula cultivation, the codonopsis pilosula is cultivated by the method in the embodiment, and the codonopsis pilosula is cultivated in the growth environment with the altitude and the land similar to those of wild codonopsis pilosula, so that the survival rate of the codonopsis pilosula is improved. The seeds are soaked by the potassium permanganate solution, so that the soaked seeds can prevent diseases of seedlings.
Meanwhile, the precise sowing technology of the top ling sowing completely depends on the natural fertility of soil and local natural conditions to meet the requirement of the growth and development of the codonopsis pilosula on nutrients, improve the utilization rate of seeds and reduce the cost investment. By adopting manual topping, the vegetative growth at the top is inhibited, and the nutrient substances of the codonopsis pilosula are transferred to the underground root, so that the yield of the codonopsis pilosula root strips is improved. The sugar and vinegar solution is adopted to prevent and control the diseases and insect pests of the codonopsis pilosula, so that root rot of the codonopsis pilosula is reduced, the pollution to the environment is avoided, the codonopsis pilosula can be harvested on time, and the yield of the codonopsis pilosula and the quality of codonopsis pilosula root strips are improved.
| Comparative example | Example one | Example two | EXAMPLE III | |
| Number of times of using pesticide | 2 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Incidence of disease | 8.6％ | 8.1％ | 7.5％ | 7.3％ |
| Average length of radix Codonopsis | 18.3cm | 19.9cm | 20.6cm | 19.3cm |
| Average diameter of radix Codonopsis | 0.5cm | 0.6cm | 0.7cm | 0.6cm |
| Average dry weight of Codonopsis pilosula | 10.6g | 13.4g | 10.9g | 12.2g |
| Per mu dry yield of radix Codonopsis | 95.6kg | 115.6kg | 123.2kg | 114.7kg |
Watch 1
The above examples are only intended to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, but not to limit it; while the invention has been described in detail and with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that: the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments may still be modified, or some or all of the technical features may be equivalently replaced; such modifications and substitutions do not depart from the spirit and scope of the present invention, and they should be construed as being included in the following claims and description.
Claims (10)
1. A wild-imitating cultivation method for codonopsis pilosula is characterized by comprising the following steps:
land selection and preparation: selecting a semi-yin semi-yang slope land with the elevation of 1000m-2800m and the gradient of 15-30 degrees, and performing land preparation treatment on the land according to contour lines;
seed selection and treatment: selecting seeds with full seeds, no mildew, no worm damage and brown luster, and soaking the seeds in a potassium permanganate solution for 2-3 min;
sowing seeds: when the ground temperature reaches 5 ℃, the top is used for sowing, and a covering is selected for shading after sowing;
and (3) growth management: intertillage and artificial weeding are carried out before the seedling stage of the codonopsis pilosula is closed; when the growing height of the codonopsis pilosula is 10cm, removing the covering; performing topping treatment when the growth height of the radix codonopsis is 70-80 cm;
preventing and treating diseases and pests by suspending sugar-vinegar solution or spreading radix Sophorae Flavescentis residue on the land above the land;
harvesting: collecting the seeds of the codonopsis pilosula when the pod of the codonopsis pilosula is brown; after autumn solar terms, ditching and digging out the codonopsis pilosula, and harvesting codonopsis pilosula roots.
2. The cultivation method of imitated wild codonopsis pilosula according to claim 1, wherein the soil preparation treatment comprises the following specific steps:
when the gradient is between 15 degrees and 28 degrees, soil preparation is carried out from top to bottom; when the gradient is more than 28 degrees and less than 30 degrees, soil preparation is carried out from bottom to top.
3. The wild-simulated cultivation method of codonopsis pilosula according to claim 1, wherein the selected seeds further have the following characteristics: the seed belongs to codonopsis pilosula in platycodonaceae, the purity is more than or equal to 98%, the purity is more than or equal to 95%, the germination rate is more than or equal to 94%, the thousand seed weight is more than or equal to 0.28g, the water content is less than or equal to 6.5%, and the concentration of a potassium permanganate solution is 0.1% -0.15%.
4. The wild-simulated cultivation method of codonopsis pilosula according to claim 1, wherein the top-up sowing step is as follows:
adopting a drilling method of horizontal ditching with contour lines, digging a shallow trench with the distance of 1-2 cm and the row spacing of 10-12 cm, uniformly scattering the treated seeds into the shallow trench according to the sowing quantity of 2-3 kg for sowing in each mu of land, covering the seeds with soil for 1cm, and compacting the covered soil.
5. The wild-simulated cultivation method of codonopsis pilosula according to claim 1, wherein the light transmittance of the covering is 60%, and the covering is selected from cereal grass and/or pine branches.
6. The wild-imitating cultivation method for codonopsis pilosula according to claim 1, wherein the specific steps of suspending the sugar-vinegar solution are as follows:
preparing sugar-vinegar liquid, stirring with wood stick, placing the stirred sugar-vinegar liquid into a colored bottle, hanging the colored bottle on the crown, placing at the upper wind port of the crown, and replacing the sugar-vinegar liquid in the colored bottle once per week.
7. The wild-simulated cultivation method of codonopsis pilosula according to claim 6, wherein the sugar-vinegar solution is prepared in a ratio of brown sugar to vinegar to wine to water of 1: 4: 1: 16 or in a ratio of brown sugar to vinegar to water of 1: 4: 16.
8. The wild-imitating cultivation method for codonopsis pilosula according to claim 7, wherein the colored bottle is a plastic pot or bottle with the caliber of 9cm-12 cm;
the height of the colored bottle from the ground is 1-2 meters, and the colored bottle is hung at intervals of 500-700 meters along the direction of the selected land height above sea level.
9. The wild-imitating cultivation method for codonopsis pilosula according to claim 8, wherein the growth cycle of harvesting codonopsis pilosula roots is at least two years, and the ditching depth of ditching for digging out codonopsis pilosula is 30cm-40 cm.
10. The wild-imitating cultivation method for codonopsis pilosula according to any one of claims 1 to 9, wherein the codonopsis pilosula root is stored after harvesting, and the specific steps are as follows:
removing impurities and foreign matters on the surfaces of the radix codonopsitis strips, bundling the radix codonopsitis strips, and placing the radix codonopsitis strips in a shady, dry and ventilated place for storage.
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