CN110896811A

CN110896811A - Codonopsis pilosula cultivation method

Info

Publication number: CN110896811A
Application number: CN201811083491.5A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 张勇
Original assignee: Nanchong Gaoping Fenghuangzhai Ecological Sightseeing Agriculture Co Ltd
Current assignee: Nanchong Gaoping Fenghuangzhai Ecological Sightseeing Agriculture Co Ltd
Priority date: 2018-09-18
Filing date: 2018-09-18
Publication date: 2020-03-24

Abstract

The invention discloses a codonopsis pilosula cultivation method, which comprises the steps of land selection and preparation, base fertilizer application, seeding, planting, field management, pest control and harvesting processing, and is characterized in that: (1) selecting land for land preparation, selecting places with a back-yin slope or a half-yin half-yang slope, and planting radix codonopsis in a red and black land or a pure black land or a red soil land with good drainage, deep soil layer and humus, (2) applying base fertilizer, (3) sowing, (4) planting, (5) field management, (6) preventing and treating plant diseases and insect pests: (7) harvesting and processing, namely directly sowing Leptoradix Codonopsis for 3 years; harvesting the radix Codonopsis for 2 years, washing off soil, cutting into strips, dividing into large, medium and small strips according to length and thickness, processing, and air drying. The yield of the codonopsis pilosula cultivated by the cultivation method per mu is 550-600 kg in 3 years, the size of the codonopsis pilosula is uniform, and the marketability is good.

Description

Codonopsis pilosula cultivation method

Technical Field

The invention relates to a method for cultivating medicinal plants, in particular to a method for cultivating codonopsis pilosula.

Background

Radix codonopsitis has strong adaptability, is fond of warm and cool climate, is afraid of heat and waterlogging and is cold-resistant. The method is suitable for growing sandy loam with deep and loose soil layer, good drainage and rich humus. The radix codonopsitis is a common traditional Chinese medicine and has the functions of tonifying middle-jiao and Qi, strengthening spleen and benefiting lung. For hundreds of years, under the condition of insufficient supply of ginseng, the ginseng is used as a ginseng substitute in large quantity, and is deeply favored by doctors and patients due to obvious curative effect, and the codonopsis pilosula is the root of the codonopsis pilosula in the family of platycodonaceae. As the market demand for the codonopsis pilosula is continuously increased, the wild codonopsis pilosula cannot be harvested, so that on one hand, the wild resources are less and less, on the other hand, the wild codonopsis pilosula grows dispersedly and is difficult to harvest, and the wild codonopsis pilosula has larger quality difference and poorer commodity, so that the exploration of a high-yield and high-quality codonopsis pilosula cultivation method is necessary.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to provide a codonopsis pilosula cultivation method with excellent supply and high yield. The invention aims to realize the purpose through the following technical scheme that a codonopsis pilosula cultivation method comprises the steps of land selection and preparation, base fertilizer application, sowing, planting, field management, pest control and harvesting processing, and is characterized by being carried out according to the following steps:

1. selecting land and preparing land, selecting places with a shady slope or a semi-shady and semi-sunny slope, planting radix codonopsis in red and black land or pure black land or red land with good drainage, deep soil layer and humus, cutting all trees or weeds in the forest land into soil fertilizer in winter if the land is a wasteland, then turning the land deeply, smashing soil blocks to enable the soil to be easy and flat, digging 34 cm deep again when the land is planted in the 2 nd year, and raking the land; deep ploughing radix rehmanniae Preparata for 1 time in autumn, and deep ploughing for 1 time before sowing in 2 nd year;

2. applying a base fertilizer: preferably, the method comprises the following steps of taking the smoked fertilizer, the house soil and the pig manure, and if the method is used on a sloping field or a newly opened wasteland, the fertilizing amount is as follows: 500-750 kg of base fertilizer can be applied to 667 square meters, 2 topdressing operations are needed in dark days, and 750-1000 kg of base fertilizer can be applied to 667 square meters of the directly-sown codonopsis pilosula;

3. sowing: the sowing time and method of radix codonopsitis, the radix codonopsitis is sowed directly, it is carried on in the clear season or frost, water permeating once before sowing, in the prepared ground while sowing, after the seed and fine sand are uniformly scattered, use the small rake to pull lightly, and press lightly, after sowing, should cover a layer of covering material on the ground, cover some straws and pine branches, after the total length reaches 5cm, take the grass off gradually;

4. planting codonopsis pilosula, namely planting codonopsis pilosula in autumn or spring, namely planting codonopsis pilosula in the first ten days of 11 months or the first 3 months in spring, selecting ginseng seedlings which are robust and uniform in growth, complete in head, tip and tail, long in strips without branches and 1-2 bud eyes on the heads, digging ditches with the depth of 15-18cm according to row spacing of 20c, obliquely placing the ginseng seedlings on a ditch slope with the gradient less than 15 degrees according to the plant spacing of 5cm to enable the roots to stretch out, covering soil to exceed 5cm of ginseng heads, compacting, and then thoroughly watering for planting;

5. field management, which mainly comprises weeding, topdressing and weeding, wherein one plant is pulled out by hand when grass is seen, and no grass is left in the field; when the codonopsis pilosula grows to be 6-10 cm high, applying 1500 kilograms of human excrement and urine per mu, building a frame, and building a support to enable stems and vines to grow along the support when seedlings grow to be 30cm, so that ventilation, lighting and disease prevention are guaranteed;

6. and (3) pest control: (1) the diseases mainly comprise root rot and rust diseases, (2) insect pests: the method for preventing and treating cutworms, grubs, mole cricket and wireworms is carried out according to a conventional method;

7. harvesting and processing, namely directly sowing Leptoradix Codonopsis for 3 years; harvesting the radix Codonopsis for 2 years, washing off soil, cutting into strips, dividing into large, medium and small strips according to length and thickness, processing, and air drying.

The yield of the codonopsis pilosula cultivated by the cultivation method per mu is 550-600 kg in 3 years, the size of the codonopsis pilosula is uniform, and the marketability is good.

Detailed Description

Embodiment 1, a method for cultivating codonopsis pilosula comprises the steps of land selection and preparation, base fertilizer application, seeding, planting, field management, pest control and harvesting processing, and is carried out according to the following steps:

1. selecting land and preparing land, wherein the codonopsis pilosula is favored to grow in places with much humus and deep soil layers and is not favored by strong sunlight, so that a place with a shady slope or a semi-shady and semi-sunny place is needed to be selected during cultivation, the codonopsis pilosula can be planted in a black red land or a pure black land or a red soil with good drainage and deep soil layers and humus, if the land is a wasteland, all trees or weeds in the forest land are cut off into soil fertilizers in winter, weed seeds can be removed, the soil fertility of the land can be increased, then the land is turned deeply, soil blocks are broken, the soil is easy and flat, and the codonopsis pilosula is planted in the 2 nd year by digging 34 cm deep and raking; deep ploughing radix rehmanniae Preparata for 1 time in autumn, and deep ploughing for 1 time before sowing in 2 nd year;

2. applying a base fertilizer: the fertilizer required by the radix codonopsitis is best smoked fertilizer, house soil and pig manure, and if the fertilizer is applied on a sloping field or a newly opened wasteland, the fertilizer application amount is as follows: 500-750 kg of base fertilizer can be applied every 667 square meters, 2 topdressing operations are needed in the dark, and 750-1000 kg of base fertilizer can be applied every 667 square meters for direct seeding of codonopsis pilosula (broadcasting);

3. sowing: the codonopsis pilosula seeding time and method are characterized in that codonopsis pilosula is directly sown in clear seasons or frost, water is thoroughly poured once before sowing, seeds and fine sand are uniformly sown in a prepared ground during sowing, the seeds and the fine sand are lightly pulled by a small rake, the ground is lightly pressed, the seeds are not sown too deeply, the seedling is influenced, and 1-1.5 kg of seeds are needed for each 667 square meters; covering the ground with a covering material to prevent the seedlings from being sun-cured, preferably covering with rice straw and pine branches, gradually taking out the grass when the total length reaches 5cm, cutting, and removing completely to avoid the seedlings from being sun-cured, wherein the 2 nd year is the transplanting period;

5. the field management mainly comprises weeding, topdressing and weeding, wherein one grass is pulled out by hand when the grass is seen, one grass is pulled out, no grass is left in the field, the 'grass control from small grass' is advocated particularly, the field management cannot be carried out by pressing as the crops, and the fixed hoe is not limited to be carried out for several times; when the codonopsis pilosula grows to be 6-10 cm high, applying 1500 kilograms of human excrement and urine per mu, building a frame, and building a support to enable stems and vines to grow along the support when seedlings grow to be 30cm, so that ventilation, lighting and disease prevention are guaranteed;

6. and (3) pest control: (1) disease: spraying 200 times of 50% Mirabilitum powder solution during the disease period; rust, method of control, using 1: spraying or irrigating roots with 200 boldo liquid or 65% amobam 800 times liquid for 7-10 days for 1 time and continuously for 3-4 times; (2) insect pest: the cutworms, the grubs, the mole crickets, the wireworms and the like often bite buds, seedlings or ginseng roots to cause the seedling breakage and the plant shortage or the ginseng roots to present cavities, and the control method comprises the following steps: irrigating the soil around the roots with 1000-1500 times of 90% trichlorfon solution or 1000 times of 50% 1605 emulsifiable solution or 700 times of 75% zinc-sulfur emulsifiable solution;

7. harvesting and processing, namely directly sowing Leptoradix Codonopsis for 3 years; the seedling transplantation is preferably harvested in 2 years, and the digging and digging are carried out to avoid the damage caused by digging, the white juice loss and the quality reduction; washing the planed radix Codonopsis to remove soil, dividing into big, middle and small strips according to length and thickness, processing respectively, and air drying respectively.

Claims

1. A method for cultivating radix codonopsis comprises the steps of land selection and preparation, base fertilizer application, seeding, planting, field management, pest control and harvesting processing, and is characterized in that: the method is carried out as follows

(1) Selecting land and preparing land, selecting places with a shady slope or a semi-shady and semi-sunny slope, planting radix codonopsis in red and black land or pure black land or red land with good drainage, deep soil layer and humus, cutting all trees or weeds in the forest land into soil fertilizer in winter if the land is a wasteland, then turning the land deeply, smashing soil blocks to enable the soil to be easy and flat, digging 34 cm deep again when the land is planted in the 2 nd year, and raking the land; deep ploughing radix rehmanniae Preparata for 1 time in autumn, and deep ploughing for 1 time before sowing in 2 nd year;

(2) applying a base fertilizer: preferably, the method comprises the following steps of taking the smoked fertilizer, the house soil and the pig manure, and if the method is used on a sloping field or a newly opened wasteland, the fertilizing amount is as follows: 500-750 kg of base fertilizer can be applied to 667 square meters, 2 topdressing operations are needed in dark days, and 750-1000 kg of base fertilizer can be applied to 667 square meters of the directly-sown codonopsis pilosula;

(3) sowing: the sowing time and method of radix codonopsitis, the radix codonopsitis is sowed directly, it is carried on in the clear season or frost, water permeating once before sowing, in the prepared ground while sowing, after the seed and fine sand are uniformly scattered, use the small rake to pull lightly, and press lightly, after sowing, should cover a layer of covering material on the ground, cover some straws and pine branches, after the total length reaches 5cm, take the grass off gradually;

(4) planting codonopsis pilosula, namely planting codonopsis pilosula in autumn or spring, namely planting codonopsis pilosula in the first ten days of 11 months or the first 3 months in spring, selecting ginseng seedlings which are robust and uniform in growth, complete in head, tip and tail, long in strips without branches and 1-2 bud eyes on the heads, digging ditches with the depth of 15-18cm according to row spacing of 20c, obliquely placing the ginseng seedlings on a ditch slope with the gradient less than 15 degrees according to the plant spacing of 5cm to enable the roots to stretch out, covering soil to exceed 5cm of ginseng heads, compacting, and then thoroughly watering for planting;

(5) field management, which mainly comprises weeding, topdressing and weeding, wherein one plant is pulled out by hand when grass is seen, and no grass is left in the field; when the codonopsis pilosula grows to be 6-10 cm high, applying 1500 kilograms of human excrement and urine per mu, building a frame, and building a support to enable stems and vines to grow along the support when seedlings grow to be 30cm, so that ventilation, lighting and disease prevention are guaranteed;

(6) ① diseases and pests mainly comprise root rot and rust diseases, ② insect pests, such as cutworms, grubs, mole cricket and wireworms, are controlled by a conventional method;

(7) harvesting and processing, namely directly sowing Leptoradix Codonopsis for 3 years; harvesting the radix Codonopsis for 2 years, washing off soil, cutting into strips, dividing into large, medium and small strips according to length and thickness, processing, and air drying.