CN110663486A - High-yield cultivation method for codonopsis pilosula - Google Patents
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/25—Root crops, e.g. potatoes, yams, beet or wasabi
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
- A01C21/005—Following a specific plan, e.g. pattern
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
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- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
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- C05B13/00—Fertilisers produced by pyrogenic processes from phosphatic materials
- C05B13/02—Fertilisers produced by pyrogenic processes from phosphatic materials from rock phosphates
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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- C05B17/00—Other phosphatic fertilisers, e.g. soft rock phosphates, bone meal
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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- C05D—INORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C; FERTILISERS PRODUCING CARBON DIOXIDE
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Abstract
The application discloses a high-yield cultivation method of codonopsis pilosula in the technical field of medicinal material planting, which comprises the following steps: step one, land selection and land preparation: step two, seed selection and pretreatment: selecting high-quality plump radix Codonopsis seed, soaking in 10-15% sodium citrate water solution for 30-40 min, taking out, and washing with clear water for 2-3 times; step three, sowing; step four, field management; step five, transplanting: transplanting the seedlings into a sunny land when the seedlings grow to 5-8 green leaves, and inserting branches with the height of 1-1.2m beside each seedling when the seedlings are 15-30cm high; step six, pinching: removing branches and leaves at the top of the seedlings to maintain the height of the seedlings at 45-60 cm; and seventhly, selecting high-quality soil, ventilating and transmitting light in the field and enhancing the disease resistance, adopting base fertilizer and additional fertilizer which have higher nutrient components and compound the growth requirement of the codonopsis pilosula, and simultaneously reducing the occurrence of diseases and insect pests in the growth period of the codonopsis pilosula and effectively providing the yield of the codonopsis pilosula by scientific disease and insect pest control.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of medicinal material planting, in particular to a high-yield cultivation method of codonopsis pilosula.
Background
Radix Codonopsis, a common Chinese medicinal material used as root of perennial grass vine of Campanulaceae, has sweet taste, neutral nature, spleen and lung channels, and has effects of invigorating spleen and replenishing qi, invigorating spleen and benefiting lung, quenching thirst and promoting fluid production; the codonopsis pilosula is a deep-rooted plant and is native to mountain yin slope or semi-yin slope; shading is needed in the seedling stage, and direct strong light irradiation is avoided; the method is suitable for growth in fertile and loose sandy soil, and the saline-alkali soil in the city of land is not easy to plant and is not suitable for continuous cropping; along with the increase of the demand of Chinese herbal medicines at home and abroad, the growing range of the codonopsis pilosula is necessary to be further expanded, and especially in alpine mountainous areas, the growing of the codonopsis pilosula and other Chinese herbal medicines is an important way for fast poverty and richness removal, so that the proper mastering of the codonopsis pilosula growing method and the management method is indispensable knowledge and skill of farmers; the traditional codonopsis pilosula planting method comprises a seed direct seeding method and a seedling transplanting method, wherein the seed direct seeding method is labor-saving and time-saving, and the produced medicinal materials have the characteristics of straight and beautiful roots, but the yield per unit area is low and the growth period is long; the seedling transplanting method is a common method at present, and is characterized by high yield of medicinal materials, short growth period, more labor and time consumption and more branches of medicinal materials; the prior codonopsis pilosula planting method has the defects of low seed germination rate, less and irregular seedling emergence and long time from seed to harvest, so that a high-yield codonopsis pilosula cultivation method is urgently needed at present.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a high-yield codonopsis pilosula planting method to solve the problem of low yield of the existing codonopsis pilosula planting method.
In order to solve the technical problems, the invention provides the following technical scheme: a high-yield cultivation method of radix codonopsis comprises the following steps:
step one, land selection and land preparation: selecting loose fertile, moist and cool sandy loam as a planting field, deeply ploughing the soil for 15-20cm before planting, crushing the bitter gourds, mixing and uniformly stirring the bitter gourds and clear water according to the proportion of 1: 100-;
step two, seed selection and pretreatment: selecting high-quality plump radix Codonopsis seed, soaking in 10-15% sodium citrate water solution for 30-40 min, taking out, and washing with clear water for 2-3 times;
step three, sowing: uniformly sowing the treated codonopsis pilosula seeds in sandy loam in the middle ten days of March, selecting clear 8-9 am, covering a layer of sandy soil after sowing, and applying sufficient water and covering a layer of straw; irrigating once in 2-4 days to keep one soil in a wet state;
step four, field management: spreading plant ash on the surface of the furrow for 2-3 times 10-30 days after seedling emergence, spreading 300kg of 200-plus-materials per mu each time, dressing for 1 time every 4-5 months, applying 130kg of nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer to each mu, replenishing water once after dressing each time, and keeping the water content of the soil to be 58-63%;
step five, transplanting: transplanting the seedlings into a sunny land when the seedlings grow to 5-8 green leaves, and inserting branches with the height of 1-1.2m beside each seedling when the seedlings are 15-30cm high;
step six, pinching: removing branches and leaves at the top of the seedlings to maintain the height of the seedlings at 45-60 cm;
seventhly, pest control: and (3) timely removing the diseased plant, irrigating the diseased plant with 800 times of 50% thiophanate methyl liquid or 800 times of 50% sterile wettable powder, and performing primary control on 4-6 days in rainy days and 11-15 days in sunny days.
The invention has the following working principle and beneficial effects: according to the invention, high-quality soil is selected, ventilation and light transmission can be realized in the field, the balsam pear is smashed and then mixed with clear water in the land preparation process, so that tetracyclic triterpenes contained in the balsam pear fruits and seeds are dissolved in water, the disease resistance of the land is enhanced through the tetracyclic triterpenes in the balsam pear, partial insects and germs in the land are killed, and the possibility of possible infection and pest damage of the codonopsis pilosula during planting is further reduced. The adopted base fertilizer and additional fertilizer have higher nutrient contents, compound the growth requirement of the codonopsis pilosula, reduce the occurrence of diseases and insect pests in the growth period of the codonopsis pilosula through scientific disease and insect pest control, and effectively provide the yield of the codonopsis pilosula.
Further, after the land is exposed to the sun in the step one, 38-40kg of calcium cyanamide is sprayed into each mu of land, then the land is covered with a film, and clear water is sprayed into the film. The purpose is that the calcium cyanamide can be decomposed in water to generate liquid cyanamide and gaseous cyanamide, and the pesticide has a wide killing effect on harmful organisms such as fungi, bacteria and the like in soil.
Further, in the step one, base fertilizer is applied to each mu of land, and the base fertilizer comprises: 100kg of decomposed cow dung 105kg, 70-80kg of urea, 20-22kg of zinc sulfate, 35-37kg of ammonium persulfate, 40-45kg of chinaberry bark, 4.5-5.5kg of potassium chloride and 30-35kg of ground phosphate rock.
Further, 125kg of nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer, 65kg of calcium-magnesium-phosphate fertilizer, 38kg of glucose, 25kg of manganese sulfate, 11kg of glycine, 4.5kg of sodium selenite, 70kg of boric acid and 90kg of turf are applied to each acre of land after 4-5 months of monthly in the fourth step; applying additional fertilizer 3-4 times during bud blooming period, and applying potassium fertilizer 90kg, phosphate fertilizer 180kg, potassium humate 60kg, ferrous sulfate 120kg and citric acid 80kg per mu.
Further, when sowing is carried out in the third step, the distance between the seeds is 3-5 cm. The method aims to increase the planting quantity of the codonopsis pilosula at the interval without influencing the normal germination and growth of the codonopsis pilosula seeds.
Further, in the fifth step, the seedling spacing is 20-30cm after the seedlings are transplanted. The purpose is that the spacing can reasonably control the planting density of the codonopsis pilosula and does not influence the normal growth of the codonopsis pilosula.
Detailed Description
The following is further detailed by way of specific embodiments:
example 1
A high-yield cultivation method of radix codonopsis is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:
step one, land selection and land preparation: selecting loose fertile, moist and cool sandy soil as a planting field, deeply turning over the soil for 15cm before planting, smashing bitter gourds, mixing and stirring the bitter gourds and clear water uniformly according to the proportion of 1:100 to obtain bitter gourds water, spraying the bitter gourds water according to 700L per mu, then sowing hydrated lime 150kg per mu, after exposure for one week, spraying 38kg of calcium cyanamide per mu, then covering the land with a film, spraying clear water into the film, and applying a base fertilizer per mu after land preparation is finished, wherein the base fertilizer comprises: 105kg of decomposed cow dung, 70kg of urea, 22kg of zinc sulfate, 35kg of ammonium persulfate, 45kg of chinaberry bark, 5.5kg of potassium chloride and 35kg of ground phosphate rock.
Step two, seed selection and pretreatment: selecting high-quality and plump codonopsis pilosula seeds, firstly soaking the codonopsis pilosula seeds in a 10% sodium citrate water solution for 30 minutes, taking out the codonopsis pilosula seeds, and washing the codonopsis pilosula seeds for 2 times by using clear water;
step three, sowing: uniformly sowing the treated codonopsis pilosula seeds in sandy loam in the middle ten days of March, wherein the distance between the seeds is 3cm, sowing 8 am in clear, covering a layer of sandy soil after sowing, and applying sufficient water and covering a layer of straws; irrigating once in 2 days to keep one soil in a wet state;
step four, field management: spreading plant ash on the surface of the furrow 10-30 days after seedling emergence for 2 times, spreading 200kg of plant ash per mu each time, dressing for 1 time every 4-5 months, applying 125kg of nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer, 65kg of calcium-magnesium-phosphate fertilizer, 38kg of glucose, 25kg of manganese sulfate, 11kg of glycine, 4.5kg of sodium selenite, 70kg of boric acid and 90kg of turf to each mu; applying additional fertilizer 3-4 times during bud blooming period, and applying potassium fertilizer 90kg, phosphate fertilizer 180kg, potassium humate 60kg, ferrous sulfate 120kg and citric acid 80kg per mu. Replenishing water once after each topdressing, and keeping the water content of the soil to be 58%;
step five, transplanting: transplanting the seedlings into a sunny land when the seedlings grow to 5-8 green leaves, wherein the distance between the seedlings is 20cm, and when the height of each seedling is 15cm, inserting branches with the height of 1m beside each seedling;
step six, pinching: removing branches and leaves at the top of the seedlings to maintain the height of the seedlings at 45-60 cm;
seventhly, pest control: and (3) timely removing the diseased plant, irrigating the diseased plant with 800 times of 50% thiophanate methyl liquid or 800 times of 50% sterile wettable powder, and performing primary control on 4-6 days in rainy days and 11-15 days in sunny days.
Example 2
A high-yield cultivation method of radix codonopsis is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:
step one, land selection and land preparation: selecting loose fertile, moist and cool sandy soil as a planting field, deeply turning over the soil for 15cm before planting, smashing bitter gourds, mixing and stirring the bitter gourds and clear water according to the proportion of 1:120 to obtain bitter gourds water, spraying the bitter gourds water according to 800L per mu, then sowing 200kg of hydrated lime per mu, spraying 40kg of calcium cyanamide per mu after exposure for one week, then covering the land with a film, spraying clear water into the film, and applying a base fertilizer per mu after land preparation is finished, wherein the base fertilizer comprises: 100kg of decomposed cow dung, 80kg of urea, 20kg of zinc sulfate, 37kg of ammonium persulfate, 4.5kg of bitter, and 30kg of ground phosphate rock.
Step two, seed selection and pretreatment: selecting high-quality and plump codonopsis pilosula seeds, firstly soaking the codonopsis pilosula seeds in a 15% sodium citrate water solution for 40 minutes, taking out the codonopsis pilosula seeds, and washing the codonopsis pilosula seeds for 3 times by using clear water;
step three, sowing: uniformly sowing the treated codonopsis pilosula seeds in sandy loam in the middle ten days of March, wherein the distance between the seeds is 5cm, sowing at 9 am in clear, covering a layer of sandy soil after sowing, and applying sufficient water and covering a layer of straws; irrigating once in 4 days to keep one soil in a wet state;
step four, field management: spreading plant ash on the surface of the furrow for 3 times 10-30 days after seedling emergence, spreading 300kg of plant ash on each mu every time, dressing for 1 time every 4-5 months, applying 125kg of nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer, 65kg of calcium-magnesium-phosphate fertilizer, 38kg of glucose, 25kg of manganese sulfate, 11kg of glycine, 4.5kg of sodium selenite, 70kg of boric acid and 90kg of turf on each mu; applying additional fertilizer 3-4 times during bud blooming period, and applying potassium fertilizer 90kg, phosphate fertilizer 180kg, potassium humate 60kg, ferrous sulfate 120kg and citric acid 80kg per mu. Replenishing water once after each top dressing, and keeping the water content of the soil to be 63%;
step five, transplanting: transplanting the seedlings into a sunny land when the seedlings grow to 5-8 green leaves, wherein the distance between the seedlings is 30cm, and when the height of each seedling is 3cm, inserting branches with the height of 1.2m beside each seedling;
step six, pinching: removing branches and leaves at the top of the seedlings to maintain the height of the seedlings at 45-60 cm;
seventhly, pest control: and (3) timely removing the diseased plant, irrigating the diseased plant with 800 times of 50% thiophanate methyl liquid or 800 times of 50% sterile wettable powder, and performing primary control on 4-6 days in rainy days and 11-15 days in sunny days.
Example 3
A high-yield cultivation method of radix codonopsis is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:
step one, land selection and land preparation: selecting loose fertile, moist and cool sandy soil as a planting field, deeply turning over the soil for 15cm before planting, smashing bitter gourds, mixing and stirring the bitter gourds and clear water in a ratio of 1:110 to obtain bitter gourds water, spraying the bitter gourds water at 750L per mu, then sowing slaked lime 180kg per mu, spraying calcium cyanamide 39kg per mu after exposure for one week, then covering the land with a film, spraying clear water into the film, and applying a base fertilizer per mu after land preparation is finished, wherein the base fertilizer comprises: 103kg of decomposed cow dung, 75kg of urea, 21kg of zinc sulfate, 36kg of ammonium persulfate, 43kg of chinaberry bark, 5kg of potassium chloride and 33kg of ground phosphate rock.
Step two, seed selection and pretreatment: selecting high-quality and plump codonopsis pilosula seeds, firstly soaking the codonopsis pilosula seeds in 13% sodium citrate water solution for 35 minutes, taking out the codonopsis pilosula seeds, and washing the codonopsis pilosula seeds for 3 times by using clean water;
step three, sowing: uniformly sowing the treated codonopsis pilosula seeds in sandy loam in the middle ten days of March, wherein the distance between the seeds is 4cm, 8 am in clear is selected for sowing, a layer of sandy soil is covered after sowing, and sufficient water and a layer of straw are applied; irrigating once in 3 days to keep one soil in a wet state;
step four, field management: spreading plant ash on the surface of the furrow 10-30 days after seedling emergence for 2 times, spreading 250kg of plant ash per mu each time, dressing for 1 time every 4-5 months, applying 125kg of nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer, 65kg of calcium-magnesium-phosphate fertilizer, 38kg of glucose, 25kg of manganese sulfate, 11kg of glycine, 4.5kg of sodium selenite, 70kg of boric acid and 90kg of turf to each mu; applying additional fertilizer 3-4 times during bud blooming period, and applying potassium fertilizer 90kg, phosphate fertilizer 180kg, potassium humate 60kg, ferrous sulfate 120kg and citric acid 80kg per mu. Replenishing water once after each top dressing, and keeping the water content of the soil to be 60%;
step five, transplanting: transplanting the seedlings into a sunny land when the seedlings grow to 5-8 green leaves, wherein the distance between the seedlings is 20cm, and when the height of each seedling is 15cm, inserting branches with the height of 1.1m beside each seedling;
step six, pinching: removing branches and leaves at the top of the seedlings to maintain the height of the seedlings at 45-60 cm;
seventhly, pest control: and (3) timely removing the diseased plant, irrigating the diseased plant with 800 times of 50% thiophanate methyl liquid or 800 times of 50% sterile wettable powder, and performing primary control on 4-6 days in rainy days and 11-15 days in sunny days.
The following table shows the comparative data of the prior open-air planting mode without soil treatment, compared with the data of the codonopsis pilosula planted in the examples 1, 2 and 3 in the scheme.
From the table above, it can be directly seen that the root length ratio of the codonopsis pilosula planted by the scheme is 8-10 cm long, the diameter and thickness ratio is 0.6-0.7 larger, the weight ratio of single codonopsis pilosula is 17-18 g heavier, and the yield per mu is 130-135 kg more than that of the codonopsis pilosula planted by the scheme. Therefore, the codonopsis pilosula planted by the scheme has the advantages of large diameter, long root, good appearance and high yield per mu which is far higher than that of the common codonopsis pilosula planting method.
Claims (6)
1. A high-yield cultivation method of radix codonopsis is characterized by comprising the following steps: the method comprises the following steps:
step one, land selection and land preparation: selecting loose fertile, moist and cool sandy loam as a planting field, deeply ploughing the soil for 15-20cm before planting, crushing the bitter gourds, mixing and uniformly stirring the bitter gourds and clear water according to the proportion of 1: 100-;
step two, seed selection and pretreatment: selecting high-quality plump radix Codonopsis seed, soaking in 10-15% sodium citrate water solution for 30-40 min, taking out, and washing with clear water for 2-3 times;
step three, sowing: uniformly sowing the treated codonopsis pilosula seeds in sandy loam in the middle ten days of March, selecting clear 8-9 am, covering a layer of sandy soil after sowing, and applying sufficient water and covering a layer of straw; irrigating once in 2-4 days to keep one soil in a wet state;
step four, field management: spreading plant ash on the surface of the furrow for 2-3 times 10-30 days after seedling emergence, spreading 300kg of 200-plus-materials per mu each time, dressing for 1 time every 4-5 months, applying 130kg of nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer to each mu, replenishing water once after dressing each time, and keeping the water content of the soil to be 58-63%;
step five, transplanting: transplanting the seedlings into a sunny land when the seedlings grow to 5-8 green leaves, and inserting branches with the height of 1-1.2m beside each seedling when the seedlings are 15-30cm high;
step six, pinching: removing branches and leaves at the top of the seedlings to maintain the height of the seedlings at 45-60 cm;
seventhly, pest control: and (3) timely removing the diseased plant, irrigating the diseased plant with 800 times of 50% thiophanate methyl liquid or 800 times of 50% sterile wettable powder, and performing primary control on 4-6 days in rainy days and 11-15 days in sunny days.
2. The high-yield cultivation method of codonopsis pilosula according to claim 1, which is characterized in that: and step one, after the land is exposed to the sun, 38-40kg of calcium cyanamide is sprayed into each mu of land, then the land is covered with a film, and clear water is sprayed into the film.
3. The high-yield cultivation method of codonopsis pilosula according to claim 2, which is characterized in that: applying a base fertilizer to each mu of land in the first step, wherein the base fertilizer comprises: 100kg of decomposed cow dung 105kg, 70-80kg of urea, 20-22kg of zinc sulfate, 35-37kg of ammonium persulfate, 40-45kg of chinaberry bark, 4.5-5.5kg of potassium chloride and 30-35kg of ground phosphate rock.
4. The high-yield cultivation method of codonopsis pilosula according to claim 3, which is characterized in that: 125kg of nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer, 65kg of calcium-magnesium-phosphate fertilizer, 38kg of glucose, 25kg of manganese sulfate, 11kg of glycine, 4.5kg of sodium selenite, 70kg of boric acid and 90kg of turf are applied to each acre in 4-5 months in the fourth step; applying additional fertilizer 3-4 times during bud blooming period, and applying potassium fertilizer 90kg, phosphate fertilizer 180kg, potassium humate 60kg, ferrous sulfate 120kg and citric acid 80kg per mu.
5. The high-yield cultivation method of codonopsis pilosula according to claim 4, which is characterized in that: and in the third step, when sowing, the distance between the seeds is 3-5 cm.
6. The high-yield cultivation method of codonopsis pilosula according to claim 5, which is characterized in that: and fifthly, the seedling spacing is 20-30cm after the seedlings are transplanted.
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN114128577A (en) * | 2021-11-11 | 2022-03-04 | 山西林溪生物科技有限公司 | Codonopsis pilosula wild-imitating cultivation method |
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Application publication date: 20200110 |