CN114128550B - Method for rapidly cultivating salt-tolerant tung tree - Google Patents
Method for rapidly cultivating salt-tolerant tung tree Download PDFInfo
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- CN114128550B CN114128550B CN202111256450.3A CN202111256450A CN114128550B CN 114128550 B CN114128550 B CN 114128550B CN 202111256450 A CN202111256450 A CN 202111256450A CN 114128550 B CN114128550 B CN 114128550B
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C1/00—Apparatus, or methods of use thereof, for testing or treating seed, roots, or the like, prior to sowing or planting
- A01C1/08—Immunising seed
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/10—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/10—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material
- A01G24/12—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material containing soil minerals
- A01G24/15—Calcined rock, e.g. perlite, vermiculite or clay aggregates
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
- A01G24/28—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material containing peat, moss or sphagnum
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/10—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture
- Y02A40/22—Improving land use; Improving water use or availability; Controlling erosion
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/40—Afforestation or reforestation
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Soil Sciences (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)
Abstract
The invention discloses a method for quickly cultivating salt-tolerant tung tree. Sowing the seeds of the tung tree in a matrix in a nursery, flooding the matrix in the nursery with seawater with the salinity of 15-25 per mill for 8-10 hours every day, draining the seawater in the nursery after the seawater is flooded for 4-5 days, introducing fresh water to flood the matrix in the nursery, and draining the matrix again, wherein the operation is repeated until the tung tree seedlings are obtained. The method of the invention can not only rapidly (18-24 months) breed the big seedlings, but also ensure that the big seedlings have higher survival rate when being transplanted to the natural growth area of the tung tree, the survival rate can reach more than 95 percent, thereby being beneficial to solving the problem that the time and the survival rate conflict when the tung tree seedlings are bred, and providing conditions for the recovery of mangrove forest.
Description
The technical field is as follows:
the invention belongs to the technical field of plant cultivation, and particularly relates to a method for quickly cultivating salt-tolerant tung tree.
The background art comprises the following steps:
the mangrove forest is a woody plant community growing on tropical and subtropical coastal beaches, is used as a unique wetland vegetation type, provides abundant food and good habitat for birds, fishes and other marine organisms, and has irreplaceable important effects on the aspects of resisting natural disasters such as sea tides, storms and the like, maintaining and improving the ecological environment of gulf and estuary regions, protecting the diversity of coastal wetlands and the like. The Aegiceras corniculatum (Linn.) Blanco is one of the species of mangrove forest, which is the shrub or small tree of the genus Ceratophyllum of the family Myrsinaceae, grown on the muddy beach where the tidal water in the sea rises and falls.
The growth environment of the tung tree is periodically flooded by seawater, the daily average flooding time is usually not more than 11 hours, the salt tolerance is good, the salt tolerance range is about 1-30 per mill, the salinity of the seawater is more than 30 per mill, the tung tree cannot grow healthily, the salinity of the seawater is 15-30 per mill, the growth is slow, the salinity is 1-15 per mill, the growth of the tung tree is rapid, but the tung tree is not suitable for being planted in areas with medium and high salinity. Therefore, the rapid cultivation of the seedlings of the salt-tolerant tung flowers becomes a technical problem which needs to be solved urgently for mangrove forest forestation in high-salinity areas in seawater at present.
The propagation mode of the tung tree is mainly the propagation of seeds (cryptogamic embryonic axis), the speed of the seeds growing from the seeds to large seedlings (the height of the seedlings is 0.8-1.2 m, the crown width is 40-60 cm) under the condition of medium and low salinity (1-15 per thousand) is relatively fast, for example, the seedling needs about 1.5 years under the condition of low salinity (less than or equal to 5 per thousand), the medium salinity (5-15 per thousand) needs about 2 years, and the survival rate of the seedlings of the tung tree with the medium and low salinity transplanted to the area with the medium and high salinity (15-30 per thousand) is less than 3. The survival rate of seedlings transplanted to a medium and high salinity area after culturing the tung tree seedlings in the medium and high salinity area (15-30 per thousand) can reach more than 90 percent, but the seedlings in the medium and high salinity area can reach the large seedling specification for 3.5-4 years, so the demand of the tung tree afforestation is difficult to meet. CN104996260A discloses a mangrove forest forestation method of a high-salinity sandy culture pond, which is to reform the high-salinity sandy culture pond into a blocky or island-shaped beach with continuous elevation gradient change, so that the water depth condition required by the growth of the mangrove forest is achieved, and an environment suitable for the growth of the mangrove forest is created; mangrove is planted on the beach surface formed after land preparation, and water channel and tidal ditch are matched in the middle. However, the method is suitable for mangrove afforestation and is not suitable for the breeding of the nursery stock of the tung tree.
Therefore, how to rapidly breed the large seedlings of the tung tree and transplant the seedlings to a medium-high salinity area where the tung tree naturally grows is a problem which needs to be solved in the field.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a method for quickly cultivating salt-tolerant tung flower trees, which can quickly breed large seedlings of the tung flower trees and has higher survival rate when the seedlings are transplanted to a medium-high salinity area where the tung flower trees naturally grow.
The invention relates to a method for rapidly cultivating salt-tolerant tung tree, which comprises the steps of sowing tung tree seeds in a matrix in a nursery, then flooding the matrix in the nursery with seawater with the salinity of 15-25 per mill, controlling the flooding time at 8-10 hours each day, draining the seawater in the nursery after the seawater is flooded for 4-5 days, then introducing fresh water to flood the matrix in the nursery, and draining again, thus the operation is circulated until tung tree seedlings are obtained.
Preferably, seeds of the tung tree are sown in a substrate of a nutrition bag, the nutrition bag is placed in a nursery, then the nursery is flooded with seawater with the salinity of 15-25 per mill, the flooding time is controlled to be 8-10 hours each day, the seawater in the nursery is drained after the seawater is flooded for 4-5 days, then fresh water is introduced to flood the nursery for 2-3 days, and then the water is drained, and the operation is circulated;
when the seedlings grow to be 30-40 cm high, obtaining seedlings of the tung tree, removing the nutrition bags of the seedlings, transplanting the seedlings into non-woven fabric bags filled with a matrix, then flooding the nursery with seawater with the salinity of 15-25 per mill, controlling the flooding time at 8-10 hours each day, draining the seawater in the nursery after the seawater is flooded for 4-5 days, then introducing fresh water to flood the nursery for 2-3 days, and circularly operating the steps;
the large seedlings of the tung tree are obtained by cultivation, and can be outplanted when the requirements of the plant height of 0.8-1.2 m and the crown width of 40-60 cm are met.
The matrix in the nursery garden is flooded for 2-3 days by introducing fresh water.
The matrix is sea sand, sea mud or comprises 30-70 parts of sea mud, 10-50 parts of plant ash, 10-12 parts of vermiculite, 5-8 parts of soil loosening agent and 4-5 parts of phoxim by weight, and the matrix is obtained by uniformly mixing the components.
Further preferably, the matrix comprises 35 parts of sea mud, 15 parts of plant ash, 12 parts of vermiculite, 8 parts of soil loosening agent and 4 parts of phoxim by weight, and the matrix is obtained by uniformly mixing the components.
The seeds of the tung tree are obtained by collecting mature tung tree seeds without insect pests and diseases, soaking in clear water for 2-3 hours, and then soaking in a water-soluble solvent with the mass ratio of 1: disinfecting in potassium permanganate solution diluted by 5000 for 5 minutes to obtain tung tree seeds.
According to the method, the large seedlings can be bred quickly (18-24 months), and the seedlings have high survival rate when being transplanted to a natural growth area of the tung tree, the survival rate can reach more than 95%, so that the problem that the time and the survival rate conflict during propagation of the tung tree seedlings is solved, and conditions are provided for recovering mangrove forests.
Detailed Description
The present invention is described in further detail below with reference to specific embodiments, and the examples are given only for illustrating the present invention and not for limiting the scope of the present invention.
The soil loosening agent used in the following examples is prepared by mixing sodium tripolyphosphate and modified sodium lignosulfonate in a mass ratio of 4; dissolving sodium lignosulfonate in water to prepare a sodium lignosulfonate aqueous solution with the mass percentage concentration of 35%, heating to 95 ℃, keeping the temperature for 35min, adding propane diamine, wherein the adding amount of the propane diamine is 50% of the total volume of the sodium lignosulfonate aqueous solution, then dropwise adding glutaraldehyde, wherein the adding amount of the glutaraldehyde is 85% of the total volume of the propane diamine, and reacting for 2h at the temperature of 80 ℃ to obtain a modified sodium lignosulfonate solution; extracting the modified sodium lignosulfonate solution with absolute ethyl alcohol to obtain an extract, washing the extract with petroleum ether, and freeze-drying after washing, wherein the freeze-drying conditions are as follows: prefreezing at-6 deg.C for 2h, and freezing at-18 deg.C under vacuum degree of 0.06mPa for 18h to obtain modified sodium lignosulfonate.
Example 1
1. Garden land construction: (a coastal waste culture pond in a new meeting area of Jiangmen province, guangdong province) nursery garden is communicated with the sea, ridges are formed on the periphery of the nursery garden, water gates are arranged for controlling water, the ridges on the nursery garden are used as seedbeds, the width of each seedbed is 1.5-2 m, the length of each seedbed is about 20-30 m, and the width of a drainage channel between the ridges is about 20-30 cm. A pond is dug near the nursery garden to store fresh water such as rainwater, and the pond is communicated with the nursery garden through a pipeline.
2. Collecting mature seeds without insect pests and diseases in natural forest of tung tree (seawater salinity is about 20-25 per thousand), soaking in clear water for 2-3 hours, and then soaking in water according to the mass ratio of 1: and (4) disinfecting the potassium permanganate solution diluted by 5000 for 5 minutes, and planting the potassium permanganate solution into a nursery garden substrate after disinfection.
3. Matrix (in parts by mass):
A. 30 parts of sea mud, 50 parts of plant ash, 10 parts of vermiculite, 5 parts of soil loosening agent and 5 parts of phoxim, and the components are uniformly mixed to obtain the matrix A.
B. 50 parts of sea mud, 30 parts of plant ash, 10 parts of vermiculite, 5 parts of soil loosening agent and 5 parts of phoxim, and the components are uniformly mixed to obtain a matrix B.
C. 70 parts of sea mud, 10 parts of plant ash, 10 parts of vermiculite, 5 parts of soil loosening agent and 5 parts of phoxim, and the components are uniformly mixed to obtain the matrix C.
D. Sea mud (substrate D).
E. Sea sand (matrix E).
Filling the above matrix into a nutrition bag with specification of 13cm × 15cm.
4. Planting the seeds in the step (2) into the nutrition bag in the step (3), wherein the row spacing is 15cm-20cm;
5. seedling cultivation: when seawater (the salinity of the seawater is about 15-25 per mill) rises and falls, water is controlled by a sluice gate, the flooding time of the nursery seawater is controlled to be 8-10 hours every day, the seawater in the nursery land is drained after the seawater is flooded for 4 days, then fresh water in the pond is introduced and flooded for 2 days, and then the fresh water is pumped back to the pond, so that the circulation operation is carried out.
6. And (3) when the seedlings grow to be 30-40 cm high, obtaining seedlings of the tung tree, removing the nutrition bag from the seedlings, transplanting the seedlings into a non-woven fabric bag, continuously culturing according to the step 5, wherein the specification of the non-woven fabric is 25cm multiplied by 20cm, the matrix is the same as that in the step 3, and the plant-row spacing is 40-50 cm, obtaining large seedlings of the tung tree, and obtaining the large seedlings of the tung tree which can be outplanted after the large seedlings reach the requirements of the plant height of 0.8-1.2 m and the crown width of 40-60 cm. And (4) counting the time required by each matrix to treat the seedlings.
7. And (5) outplanting the nursery stock. Taking seedlings one month before outplanting, carrying out root breaking treatment, carrying out in-situ cultivation, stopping fresh water irrigation, transplanting to a region with medium and high salinity (15-25 per mill) after outplanting, and counting the survival rate of the tung tree after 3 months.
Comparative example 1:
1. construction of nursery lands (abandoned coastal culture ponds in new meeting areas of Jiangmen, guangdong province): set up 2 nursery gardens, wherein:
a seedling nursery is communicated with the sea, the periphery of the seedling nursery is ridged, water gates are arranged for controlling water, the ridge of the seedling nursery land is used as a seedbed, the width of the seedbed is 1.5-2 m, the length of the seedbed is about 20-30 m, and the width of a drainage channel between ridges is about 20-30 cm.
B, the nursery garden is communicated with the sea, ridges are formed on the periphery of the nursery garden, water gates are arranged to control water, the ridges on the nursery garden are used as seedbeds, the width of each seedbed is 1.5-2 m, the length of each seedbed is about 20-30 m, the width of a drainage channel between every two ridges is about 20-30 cm, a pond is dug near the nursery garden to store fresh water such as rainwater, and the pond is communicated with the nursery garden through a pipeline.
2. Collecting mature seeds without insect pests and diseases in natural forest of tung tree (seawater salinity is about 20-25 per thousand), soaking in clear water for 2-3 hours, and then soaking in water according to the mass ratio of 1: and (4) disinfecting the potassium permanganate solution diluted by 5000 for 5 minutes, and planting the potassium permanganate solution into a nursery garden substrate after disinfection.
3. Preparing a matrix (in parts by mass):
A. 35 parts of sea mud, 15 parts of plant ash, 12 parts of vermiculite, 8 parts of soil loosening agent and 4 parts of phoxim, and the components are uniformly mixed to obtain the matrix A. Filling the matrix into a nutrition bag with a specification of 13cm × 15cm.
4. Planting the seeds in the step 2 into the nutrition bag in the step 3, wherein the row spacing of the seeds is 15-20 cm;
5. seedling cultivation:
irrigating A (A nursery garden), controlling water through a water gate when the seedlings rise and fall, and controlling the flooding time of the seedlings with seawater (the salinity of the seawater is about 15-25 per mill) to be 8-10 hours every day.
Irrigating B (seedling nursery) and controlling water through a sluice gate during the rising and falling tide, controlling the flooding time of the nursery stock with seawater (the salinity of the seawater is about 15-25 per thousand) to be 8-10 hours every day, draining the seawater in the nursery garden after 5 days of seawater flooding, introducing fresh water into the pond, flooding for 3 days, and pumping the fresh water back to the pond, thereby circularly operating.
6. And (3) when the seedlings grow to be 30-40 cm high, obtaining seedlings of the tung tree, removing the nutrition bag from the seedlings, transplanting the seedlings into a non-woven fabric bag, continuously culturing according to the corresponding mode of the step (5) to obtain large seedlings of the tung tree, wherein the specification of the non-woven fabric is 25cm multiplied by 20cm, the matrix is the same as that in the step (3), and the plant row spacing is 40-50 cm, and the large seedlings of the tung tree can be obtained and can be outplanted after the requirements of the plant height of 0.8-1.2 m and the crown width of 40-60 cm are met. And counting the time required for each substrate to reach the large seedling.
7. And (5) outplanting the nursery stock. Taking seedlings one month before outplanting, carrying out root breaking treatment, carrying out in-situ cultivation, stopping fresh water irrigation, transplanting to a region with medium and high salinity (15-25 per mill) after outplanting, and counting the survival rate of the tung tree after 3 months.
The results are shown in table 1:
table 1: the time required for each treatment to reach the large seedling and the transplanting survival rate
Survival = survival/number of cultivars 100%
Claims (2)
1. A method for quickly cultivating salt-tolerant tung tree includes such steps as sowing seeds of tung tree in the substrate of nutritive bag, putting the nutritive bag in nursery, flooding the nursery with seawater with 15-25% of salinity for 8-10 hr, immersing in seawater for 4-5 days, draining off seawater, introducing fresh water, flooding for 2-3 days,
then draining, and circulating the operation;
when the seedlings grow to be 30-40 cm high, obtaining seedlings of the tung tree, removing the nutrition bags of the seedlings, transplanting the seedlings into non-woven fabric bags filled with a matrix, then flooding the nursery with seawater with the salinity of 15-25 per mill, controlling the flooding time at 8-10 hours each day, draining the seawater in the nursery after the seawater is flooded for 4-5 days, then introducing fresh water to flood the nursery for 2-3 days, and circularly operating the steps to obtain the seedlings of the tung tree;
the matrix comprises, by mass, 70 parts of sea mud, 10 parts of plant ash, 10 parts of vermiculite, 5 parts of soil loosening agent and 5 parts of phoxim, or comprises 35 parts of sea mud, 15 parts of plant ash, 12 parts of vermiculite, 8 parts of soil loosening agent and 4 parts of phoxim, and the matrix is obtained by uniformly mixing the components.
2. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the Aegiceras corniculatum seeds are collected from mature Aegiceras corniculatum seeds without insect pest disease, soaked in clear water for 2-3 hours, and then soaked in water at a mass ratio of 1: disinfecting in 5000-diluted potassium permanganate solution for 5min to obtain tung tree seeds.
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