CN113273425A - Technical method for raising seedlings and planting Acanthus ilicifolius in cuttage mode - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a technical method for raising seedlings and planting Acanthus ilicifolius in a cuttage manner, which comprises the following operations: nursery construction, seedling container and seedling substrate preparation, cutting collection and treatment, cuttage, management after cutting, planting area site selection, planting time, echelon seedling hardening, hole digging and field planting and management and protection measures; selecting proper cutting collection and cutting in 3-6 months, selecting Acanthus ilicifolius with the growth age of 3-12 years as a mother tree, collecting semi-lignified branches to prepare cutting slips; cutting the cutting slips immediately after collection and treatment; before cutting, a stick disinfected by carbendazim is used for punching a hole on a substrate, and then the treated cutting slips are obliquely inserted into the substrate. Practical application shows that the method can obviously improve the seedling quality, the planting survival rate and the growth speed of the Acanthus ilicifolius in mangrove forest ecological restoration, realize the balanced development of protection and utilization and achieve both ecological and economic benefits.

Description

Technical method for raising seedlings and planting Acanthus ilicifolius in cuttage mode

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the technical field of Acanthus ilicifolius cultivation, and particularly relates to a technical method for raising seedlings and planting Acanthus ilicifolius in a cuttage manner.

Background

Mangrove forest is a higher plant community growing in the intertidal zone beach of tropical and subtropical coast, has important ecological functions of maintaining biological diversity, eliminating waves, fixing shore, resisting tsunami and typhoon, degrading pollution, regulating regional climate and the like, and is more concerned nowadays when the ecological civilization construction is mature day by day. Acanthus ilicifolius (Acanthus ebracteatus) is evergreen sub-shrub of Acanthaceae (Acanthaceae) Acanthus, and is a true mangrove plant. The height of the plant can reach 1.5 m, the stem is thick and strong without hair, the plant leaves are spiny, the leaves are oblong or inverted egg-shaped, the tips of the leaves are truncated, the spike-shaped inflorescence grows from the top, and small bracts do not exist under the flowers; often with a support post root. The mangrove forest has natural distribution in the Hainan, Guangdong and Guangxi of China, and generally grows at the inner edge of mangrove forest and at two sides of a tidal ditch. The Acanthus ilicifolius has a well-developed root system, is very resistant to yin, can be mixed with other mangrove plants to form a more complex and diversified community structure, and therefore has the outstanding effects of promoting silt and building land, and eliminating waves and protecting dikes. Meanwhile, the Acanthus ilicifolius has higher medicinal value, and the fruits of the Acanthus ilicifolius are cool and slightly bitter in taste, have the effects of detoxifying and reducing swelling and are mainly used for treating sore, furuncle and furuncle; the leaf extract has neuroprotective effect; the plant body contains a plurality of flavonoid substances, and has obvious curative effect on lymphadenectasis and the like; in Guangxi Guangdong area, the root of Acanthopanax trifoliatus is widely used as the medicine for treating hepatitis B. The Acanthus ilicifolius L is a new marine medicinal biological resource and has wide application prospect.

With the accelerated development of coastal economy in China, the role of mangrove forest in maintaining the ecological safety of southeast coastal areas is more prominent, but because of the dual interference of natural and human activities such as global climate warming, sea level rising, biological invasion, sea reclamation, pond enclosing cultivation, pollution discharge and the like, the mangrove forest is subject to remarkable and continuous degradation, so that the enlargement of the mangrove forest area and the restoration of the ecological system structure and function of the mangrove forest by artificial afforestation are obviously urgent. According to the IUCN standard, the Acanthus ilicifolius belongs to one of the most endangered plants in China, and the Acanthus ilicifolius population in Guangxi has only thousands of plants; the Acanthus ilicifolius (Acanthus ilicifolius) which is another species of the same family and the same genus forms a pure forest of dozens of hectares in Guangxi, and is difficult to count with other tree species mixed with the plants, the distribution of the Acanthus ilicifolius is wide, which shows that the Acanthus ilicifolius has strong self-reproduction capability, the artificial seedling raising technology is relatively simple, and the survival rate is high. On the contrary, the Acanthus ilicifolius has poor self-reproduction and expansion capability and is in an endangered state, so that the protection and the repair of the Acanthus ilicifolius are extremely necessary; therefore, the problem of nursery stocks must be solved firstly, and the artificial seedling raising technology is the most key supporting technology in ecological restoration work.

At present, mangrove forestation in China almost completely uses seedlings, is not beneficial to maintaining excellent properties of mother trees, and often has seedling property separation and different quality, so that the forestation success rate is low and the forestation is slow. On the contrary, the cutting seedling raising method is a very efficient and widely applied seedling raising method, not only can maintain the excellent characteristics of the mother tree, but also has short seedling raising time and convenient management, and has important application value in protecting and recovering the endangered plant population scale. Through inspection, no report is provided on the related technology of acanthus ilicifolius cutting seedling and planting in China at present.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to provide a technical method for raising seedlings and planting Acanthus ilicifolius by cutting, which can obviously improve the quality of seedlings, the planting survival rate and the growth speed.

In order to solve the technical problems, the invention adopts the following technical scheme:

the technical method for raising seedlings and planting Acanthus ilicifolius in a cutting mode comprises the following operations: nursery construction, seedling container and seedling substrate preparation, cutting collection and treatment, cuttage, management after cutting, planting area site selection, planting time, echelon seedling hardening, hole digging and field planting and management and protection measures;

the method comprises the following steps of selecting cutting slips to be suitable for operation in 3-6 months, wherein the temperature is suitable, the branch metabolism activity is vigorous, the growth speed is high, the cutting survival rate is highest, a small-flower acanthus ilicifolius which grows for 3-12 years and is luxuriant in branches and leaves and free of diseases and insect pests is selected as a mother tree, and semi-lignified branches which are good in development, free of diseases and insect pests, free of dead branches and yellow leaves and sufficient in nutrition are collected to prepare the cutting slips; however, it is noted that plants with a small number of members are not suitable as parent trees; for plants with more members, collecting 2/3 the branches of which can not exceed the female parent; cutting the branches into cuttings with the length of 8-15cm and one leaf or single bud, cutting the upper ends of the cuttings flat, cutting off 1/3-2/3 of leaves to prevent the water in the cuttings from losing too fast, obliquely cutting the lower ends of the cuttings downwards at an angle of 45 degrees, and keeping the upper and lower incisions smooth and flat; and (3) soaking the cut cutting slips with carbendazim for disinfection, cleaning with tap water, airing, soaking in a rooting agent for 1-2h, cleaning after treatment, and airing.

The rooting agent is a compound rooting agent.

The cutting shoots are immediately cut after being collected and processed. Before cutting, a stick disinfected by carbendazim is used for punching a hole on a matrix, the treated cutting shoot is obliquely inserted into the matrix, the cutting depth is 1/3-1/2 of the length of the cutting shoot, the cutting shoot is lightly compacted by hands so as to ensure that the cutting shoot is fully contacted with the matrix, and after all cutting is finished, sufficient root fixing water is poured. Attention is paid to observation, and the dead cutting slips are removed in time.

The nursery construction is carried out according to the following operations: the nursery garden is built on land close to a planting beach, so that the transplanting and planting are convenient; the nursery garden is divided into a plurality of seedbeds, the length of each seedbed is determined by the terrain, preferably 10m to 30m, the width is preferably about 1m, and a footpath of about 1m is reserved between the seedbeds, so that tending operation is facilitated; after the nursery land is leveled, ridging and piling up with soil along the preset position of the length and width of the seedbed, wherein the ridge height is about 30cm, the ridge width is determined according to whether the seedbed can be formed or not, and a wood board is used for assisting when necessary; two layers of shading nets are drawn above the seedbed to avoid strong light insolation, and the yarn drawing nets surround the periphery of the nursery garden to prevent livestock from trampling and pecking the nursery stock.

The seedling raising container and the seedling raising substrate are prepared according to the following operations: the seedling raising container adopts a nutrition cup, the diameter is 7-10cm, the height is 20-30cm, and 1-3 small holes are drilled at the bottom; the seedling culture medium is artificial nutrient soil; the nutrition cups are filled with nutrient soil and placed in a seedbed, about 10 nutrition cups are used for spraying and sterilizing 500 times of potassium permanganate 400-.

The seedling culture substrate is artificial nutrient soil prepared according to the mixture ratio of 3% of compound fertilizer, 7% of coconut coir, 10% of mud flat sludge and 80% of red loam.

The post-insertion management comprises the following operations: after cuttage, placing the seedlings in a seedbed, and using a double-layer shading net on the seedbed to avoid sunshine exposure; keeping the air circulation of the seedbed, and adopting a watering cooling measure when the temperature is too high; pouring weak saline water with the salinity of less than 5 per thousand once every 5 days except for keeping the substrate humidity every day, and performing sterilization treatment by using 1200-fold and 1500-fold (hymexazol, metalaxyl, fenaminosulf and the like) soil bactericides; after 2 months, foliar fertilizer can be properly applied to promote growth, and after 6 months, the planting can be carried out on the beach in a proper time.

The site selection and planting time of the planting area are as follows:

site selection of a planting area, namely, comprehensive indexes such as elevation, matrix type, salinity and the like, determining a proper planting beach, and performing site reconnaissance and sampling detection before forestation; selecting a high tide zone which is higher than the average sea level of the local area by more than 40cm at the planting intertidal zone, wherein the high tide zone is an area which can be submerged from a big tide to a big tide; the matrix type of the planting area can be from sand to sludge, and the silt is better; the salinity range of the gap water of the tidal flat matrix is 0-20 per mill, so that the tidal flat with a small amount of fresh water seepage is most suitable;

the planting time is 3-6 months per year, the Acanthus ilicifolius seedlings can be planted, the condition of light and temperature is better in 4-6 months, and a proper amount of fresh water can be obtained, so that the seedlings can grow after being planted; the specific planting time is selected to be optimal in cloudy days or light rainy days, and the damage caused by sun exposure is reduced.

The echelon seedling exercising is carried out according to the following operations: selecting plants with plant height of more than 30cm, dark green leaves, good growth and no plant diseases and insect pests for the seedlings out of the nursery; 15-20 days before outplanting, preparing water aqua according to the gradient of 1/5, 2/5, 3/5, 4/5 and 5/5 of salinity of the forestation area, and irrigating the nursery stock prepared from lower salinity to higher salinity in sequence to enable the nursery stock to gradually adapt to the environment of the forestation area.

Digging holes and planting according to the following operations: the nursery stock outplanting and planting process are closely linked, the nursery stock outplanted on the same day needs to be planted on the same day, the survival rate is improved, and the row spacing of the nursery stock is determined by a marked rope during planting, and can be 50cm multiplied by 50cm to 100cm multiplied by 100 cm; placing the seedlings beside the mark of the plant row spacing, digging a pit slightly larger than the shape of the nutrition cup, peeling off the nutrition cup sleeve, placing the seedlings in the pit, and lifting and pressing the periphery soil scattering by feet.

The management and protection measures are operated as follows:

firstly, constructing a purse net, namely, using wooden piles or cement piles as supports to hang a nylon net to prevent people and livestock from entering and damaging the forest land, and simultaneously blocking foreign garbage, dry branch patrinia, macroalgae and the like, wherein the height of the purse net is 3-4m, and the mesh size is 5 cm;

secondly, fertilizing, namely purchasing a commercial slow-release compound fertilizer from the local place, and digging holes to bury the fertilizer in the heavy tide period, wherein the fertilizing amount of each seedling is 30-50 g;

and thirdly, pest control, namely, pyrethroid insecticides can be splashed for control, the concentration and the dosage are only required according to the recommended values of fruit trees, and meanwhile, new pests such as the pieris rapae and the like need to be prevented from outbreak.

Aiming at the problems of small natural quantity, slow artificial cultivation and low survival rate of Acanthus ilicifolius of the current real mangrove plants, the inventor establishes a technical method for raising seedlings and planting Acanthus ilicifolius by cutting, which comprises the following operations: nursery construction, seedling container and seedling substrate preparation, cutting collection and treatment, cuttage, management after cutting, planting area site selection, planting time, echelon seedling hardening, hole digging and field planting and management and protection measures; selecting proper cutting collection and cutting in 3-6 months, selecting Acanthus ilicifolius with the growth age of 3-12 years as a mother tree, collecting semi-lignified branches to prepare cutting slips; cutting the cutting slips immediately after collection and treatment; before cutting, a stick disinfected by carbendazim is used for punching a hole on a substrate, and then the treated cutting slips are obliquely inserted into the substrate. Practical application shows that the invention can obviously improve the nursery stock quality, the planting survival rate and the growth speed of the Acanthus ilicifolius in mangrove forest ecological restoration, promote precious plant germplasm resources to be protected and the population to be continuously expanded, promote the effective recovery of the structure and the function of a mangrove forest ecological system, provide large-scale raw materials for marine medicine research and application, obtain certain economic benefit, realize the balanced development of protection and utilization and win-win ecology and economy.

Detailed Description

To further illustrate how the invention may be carried out, reference will now be made in detail to the following examples.

Referring to the technical method, the inventor grows acanthus ilicifolius on the wasteland in the mountains of the Guangxi MaoLing town watervillage in 4 months in 2019, and plants the acanthus ilicifolius on the mountains of the Guangxi MaoLing township village in 3 months in 2020, and the specific implementation process is as follows:

1. and (5) nursery construction. The nursery garden is built on land beside a planting area of the soundriver village in the mountains of Guangxi. The length of the seedbed is 4m, and the width of the seedbed is 1 m. After the nursery land is leveled, ridging and piling up with soil along the periphery of the seedbed, wherein the ridge height is 30 cm. Two layers of shading nets are drawn above the seedbed to prevent strong light from being exposed to the sun, and the yarn drawing nets surround the periphery of the nursery garden to prevent livestock from trampling and pecking the nursery stock.

2. Preparing a seedling culture container and a seedling culture substrate. The seedling raising container adopts a nutrition cup with the diameter of 10cm and the height of 20cm, and 2 small holes are drilled at the bottom. The seedling culture substrate adopts artificial nutrient soil prepared according to the mixture ratio of 3 percent of compound fertilizer (Shenzhen Bombay ecological engineering Co., Ltd., N-P-K:25-10-6, 50 kg/bag) +7 percent of coconut husk +10 percent of mudflat sludge +80 percent of red loam. The nutrition cups are filled with nutrition soil and placed in a seedbed, 10 nutrition cups are arranged in each row, and the nutrition cups are sprayed with 500 times of potassium permanganate (500 g/bottle) for disinfection.

3. And collecting and treating the cuttings. Selecting Acanthus ilicifolius with luxuriant branches and leaves, no plant diseases and insect pests and 3-12 years of growth age as a mother tree in the early 4 months of 2019, collecting well-developed semi-lignified branches without plant diseases and insect pests, dead branches and yellow leaves and sufficient nutrition in the morning of sunny days, cutting 4-5 cuttings with one leaf or one bud from each branch, wherein the length of each cutting is 12-15cm, the upper end of each cutting is cut flat, the lower end of each cutting is cut obliquely downwards at an angle of 45 degrees, 2/3 of leaves is cut, and 1/3 is reserved. And (3) soaking the cut cutting slips in carbendazim for disinfection, cleaning the cutting slips with tap water, soaking the cutting slips in a rooting agent for 2 hours after air drying, cleaning and air drying after treatment. The rooting agent is 0.0025% of adenosyloxyalkylene gland soluble powder produced by Zhongbao green crop science and technology limited company in Hebei, and the concentration and the dosage are according to the recommended value of fruit trees.

4. And (6) cutting. The cutting is immediately harvested and inserted. Before cutting, a wood stick disinfected by carbendazim is used for punching a substrate, then the treated cutting slips are obliquely inserted into the nutrient soil, the cutting depth is about 5cm, and the cutting slips are lightly compacted by hands. And after all cuttage is finished, watering enough root fixing water.

5. And (5) managing after the insertion. After cuttage, the cutting is placed in a double-layer shading net to prevent sunshine from being exposed; keeping the air circulation, and adopting a watering cooling measure when the temperature is too high; pouring fresh salt water once every 5 days for keeping moisture, wherein the salinity of the fresh salt water is about 4 per mill, and sterilizing by using hymexazol diluted by 1300 times. And after 2 months, spraying the foliar fertilizer every 15 days.

6. And (5) selecting a site in a planting area. Through field reconnaissance and field sampling detection, a piece of material with the area of about 400m is selected²The plain of (a) serves as a planting area. The average height of the planting area beach is about 43cm above the average sea level, and the slope is about 10 degrees. The type of sediment of the beach is silty. The water salinity of the interstitial water of the matrix is respectively 13 per mill and 17 per mill, and the average is 15 per mill by two sampling tests.

7. And (5) hardening seedlings in a echelon mode. Preparing artificial seawater with salinity of 3 per mill, 6 per mill, 9 per mill, 12 per mill and 15 per mill respectively. 5 kinds of artificial seawater from 3 to 15 per thousand are used for irrigating the nursery stock for 4 days from 20 days before field planting, and the total period is 20 days. The average height of the nursery stock is 32.6cm when the nursery stock leaves out of the nursery, the plant grows well, the leaves are dark green, and no disease, insect or pest traces exist.

8. Digging holes and planting. 300 Acanthus ilicifolius seedlings are fixedly planted on the mud flat of the reclamation village of Maolan, Guangxi in 3 months in 2020. The nursery stock is tightly connected with the planting procedure, and the nursery stock can be planted in the same day, so that the survival rate is improved. The row spacing of the planted plants is 50cm multiplied by 50 cm. Firstly, placing the nursery stock beside the mark of the row spacing, digging a pit slightly larger than the shape of the nutrition cup, peeling off the nutrition cup sleeve, placing the nursery stock in the pit, and tightly spreading and stirring the peripheral soil by feet.

9. And (5) taking management and protection measures. (1) And (5) constructing a purse net. The fence is supported by eucalyptus piles, a nylon net is hung on the fence, the height of the fence is 3m, and the mesh size is 5 cm. (2) And (6) fertilizing. Commercial slow-release compound fertilizer (large-particle compound fertilizer N-P-K:12-12-20, 20 kg/bag, China agricultural production data group company) is purchased locally, and holes are dug and buried in the heavy tide. The fertilizing amount of each seedling is 50 g. (3) And (4) pest control. After primary planting, insect pests with low serious degree occur, and pyrethroid insecticides are sprinkled to control the insect pests, wherein the concentration and the dosage are recommended to fruit trees on a use instruction.

As a result: 400 acanthus ilicifolius seedlings are grown on the wasteland in the town of watery villages in Maclina of Guangxi in 2019 months, and the rooting rate of the cuttings is up to 85% after 2 months; 300 plants are planted on the tidal flat of the Guangxi Maolang town village in 3 months in 2020, and the average plant height is 32.6 cm. The statistics of 3 months in 2021 show that the survival rate of the nursery stock reaches 95 percent, and the average plant height is 45.2 cm.

Claims (10)

1. A technical method for raising seedlings and planting Acanthus ilicifolius in a cuttage manner is characterized by comprising the following operations: nursery construction, seedling container and seedling substrate preparation, cutting collection and treatment, cuttage, management after cutting, planting area site selection, planting time, echelon seedling hardening, hole digging and field planting and management and protection measures;

the cutting collection and cutting selection are carried out in 3-6 months, Acanthus ilicifolius which grows for 3-12 years and is luxuriant in branches and free of diseases and insect pests is selected as a mother tree, and semi-lignified branches which are well developed, free of diseases and insect pests, free of dead branches and yellow leaves and sufficient in nutrition are collected to prepare cutting; cutting the branch into a cutting with 8-15cm length, cutting the upper end of the cutting to be flat, cutting off 1/3-2/3 of the leaves, and cutting the lower end of the cutting downwards at an angle of 45 degrees; soaking the cut cutting slips in carbendazim for disinfection, cleaning with tap water, air drying, soaking in a rooting agent for 1-2h, cleaning after treatment and air drying; cutting the cutting slips immediately after collection and treatment;

and before cutting, punching a hole on the substrate by using a stick sterilized by carbendazim, obliquely inserting the treated cutting slips into the substrate, wherein the cutting depth is 1/3-1/2 of the length of the cutting slips, lightly compacting by hands, and pouring enough root fixing water after all cutting is finished.

2. The technical method for acanthus ilicifolius cutting seedling and planting according to claim 1, characterized in that: the rooting agent is a compound rooting agent.

3. The technical method for raising seedlings and planting in cuttage of Acanthus ilicifolius as claimed in claim 1, wherein the nursery construction is performed according to the following operations: the nursery garden is built on land close to the planting mudflat; dividing the nursery into a plurality of seedbeds, and reserving a 1m footpath between the seedbeds; after the nursery land is leveled, ridging and piling with soil along the position where the length and the width of the preset seedbed are located, wherein the ridge height is 30cm, and the ridge width is determined according to whether the seedbed can be formed or not; two layers of shading nets are pulled above the nursery bed, and the yarn pulling nets surround the periphery of the nursery.

4. The technical method for acanthus ilicifolius cutting seedling and planting according to claim 1, wherein the seedling container and the seedling substrate are prepared according to the following operations: the seedling raising container adopts a nutrition cup, the diameter is 7-10cm, the height is 20-30cm, and 1-3 small holes are drilled at the bottom; the seedling culture substrate is artificial nutrient soil; the nutrition cups are filled with nutrient soil and placed in a seedbed, about 10 nutrition cups are used for spraying and sterilizing 500 times of potassium permanganate 400-.

5. The technical method for acanthus ilicifolius cutting seedling and planting according to claim 4, characterized in that: the seedling culture substrate is artificial nutrient soil prepared according to the mixture ratio of 3% of compound fertilizer, 7% of coconut coir, 10% of mud flat sludge and 80% of red loam.

6. The technical method for acanthus ilicifolius cutting seedling and planting according to claim 1, characterized in that the post-cutting management comprises the following operations: placing the cut seedlings in a seedbed, and covering a double-layer shading net on the seedbed; keeping the air circulation of the seedbed, and adopting a watering cooling measure when the temperature is too high; pouring dilute saline with salinity of less than 5 per thousand once every 5 days except for keeping the substrate humidity every day, and performing sterilization treatment by using a soil bactericide diluted by 1200-1500 times; after 2 months, properly applying the foliar fertilizer to promote growth, and after 6 months, moving to intertidal zone for planting.

7. The technical method for raising seedlings and planting in a cuttage way in Acanthus ilicifolius L.var.microphylla L.according to claim 1, which is characterized in that the planting area site selection and planting time are as follows:

site selection of a planting area, namely comprehensive beach elevation, matrix type and salinity indexes, determining a proper planting beach, and performing site reconnaissance and sampling detection before forestation; selecting a high tide zone which is higher than the average sea level of the local area by more than 40cm at the planting intertidal zone, wherein the high tide zone is an area which can be submerged from a big tide to a big tide; the matrix type of the planting area can be from sand to sludge; the salinity range of the intertidal zone substrate gap water is 0-20 per mill;

planting time-planting Acanthus ilicifolius seedlings in 3-6 months per year; the specific planting time is selected in cloudy days or in rainy days.

8. The technical method for acanthus ilicifolius cutting seedling raising and planting according to claim 1, characterized in that the echelon seedling hardening is performed according to the following operations: selecting plants with plant height of more than 30cm, dark green leaves, good growth and no plant diseases and insect pests for the seedlings out of the nursery; 15-20 days before outplanting, preparing water aqua according to the gradient of the salinity of 1/5, 2/5, 3/5, 4/5 and 5/5 of the forestation area, and irrigating the nursery-grown plants prepared from lower salinity to higher salinity in sequence.

9. The technical method for acanthus ilicifolius cutting seedling and planting according to claim 1, wherein the hole digging and field planting is performed according to the following operations: after the nursery stocks are planted on the same day, determining the row spacing of the nursery stocks to be 50cm multiplied by 50cm to 100cm multiplied by 100cm by using marked ropes during planting; stripping the nutrition cup sleeve, putting the nursery stock into the hole, and tightly pressing by lifting and stirring the peripheral soil scattering with feet.

10. The technical method for acanthus ilicifolius cutting seedling and planting according to claim 1, characterized in that the management and protection measures are as follows:

firstly, constructing a purse seine, namely, using wooden piles or cement piles as supports for a fence, hanging a nylon net, wherein the height of the purse seine is 3-4m, and the mesh size is 5 cm;

secondly, fertilizing, namely purchasing a commercial slow-release compound fertilizer, and selectively digging holes and burying the fertilizer in the heavy tide period, wherein the fertilizing amount of each seedling is 30-50 g;

thirdly, pest control, namely, controlling by adopting the pyrethroid insecticide by sprinkling.