CN115039627B - Quick seedling raising method for salt-tolerant mangrove seedlings - Google Patents

Quick seedling raising method for salt-tolerant mangrove seedlings Download PDF

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CN115039627B
CN115039627B CN202210817214.2A CN202210817214A CN115039627B CN 115039627 B CN115039627 B CN 115039627B CN 202210817214 A CN202210817214 A CN 202210817214A CN 115039627 B CN115039627 B CN 115039627B
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sluice
nursery
beach
planting
fresh water
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CN115039627A (en
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丁功桃
何克宏
陈蔚
丁萍兴
吴文杰
吴文豪
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Guangdong Zhuhai Qi'ao Dangan Island Provincial Nature Reserve Management Office
Xinya Ecological Group Guangdong Co ltd
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Guangdong Zhuhai Qi'ao Dangan Island Provincial Nature Reserve Management Office
Zhuhai Xinya Landscaping Engineering Co ltd
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Abstract

The invention relates to the technical field of tree species culture, in particular to a rapid seedling raising method for salt-tolerant mangrove seedlings. The invention adopts natural source seawater and natural fresh water, and controls the salinity and flooding time in the nursery by controlling the introduced water quantity and proportion, thereby ensuring the suitability for the growth of sapling. The invention adopts the cooperation of the coated slow release fertilizer and the flooding time, is beneficial to the absorption of the sapling and promotes the healthy and rapid growth of the sapling. The invention adopts various methods to control the harm of parasites, germs and sessile organisms to saplings.

Description

Quick seedling raising method for salt-tolerant mangrove seedlings
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of tree species culture, in particular to a rapid seedling raising method for salt-tolerant mangrove seedlings.
Background
Mangrove (Mangrove) refers to a community of thermophilic beach woody plants that are predominantly distributed in the tropical, subtropical low energy coastal intertidal zones or river estuaries, being of tropical coastal origin. The mangrove forest can provide a place for foraging, inhabiting, producing and breeding for marine animals, and provides an overwintering place and a migration transfer station for waiting birds, and has the ecological functions of wind prevention, wave elimination, silt promotion, beach protection, bank fixation, sea water purification and air multiple irreplaceable. Naturally occurring true mangrove species within the Guangdong province include mangrove (Rhizophora apiculata), mangrove (Rhizophora stylosa) of the mangrove genus of the family mangrove family; radix tinosporae (Bruguiera gymnorrhiza); kandelia (Kenaelia obovat), hordeum vulgare (Cerios tagal); sea Sang Kehai Morus layer (Sonneratia caseolaris) and Morus alba (Sonneratia apetala); a tree of the genus Tung flower of the family Tung, violet (Aegiceras corniculatum); avicennia marina (Aricennia marina) of the genus avicennia of the family verbenaceae; lacquer (Excoecaria agallocha) of the genus lacquer of the family Euphorbiaceae; fructus Akebiae (Xylocarpus granatum) of Akebia genus of Akebiaceae family; fructus Canarii albi (Lumnitzera racemosa) of Terminalia genus of Combretaceae family. Naturally occurring species of semi-mangrove in Guangdong province include erythrina grass, bitter Lang Shu (pseudo-jasmine), yang Shexiao (tung cotton), silver leaf tree, and the like.
Mangrove grows in the tidal flood coastal beach of sea water, different mangrove tree species are different in adaptability to the time of seawater flood, average daily flood time is about 6-12 hours generally, meanwhile, the mangrove seedlings grow in response to the salinity of sea water, the salt tolerance range is about 1-3 per mill, low salinity (about 1-10 per mill) is usually shown to promote growth, and high salinity (20-30 per mill) inhibits growth. The mangrove seedlings in the low salinity area grow faster, the requirement of outplanting can be met in about 1-1.5 years, but the survival rate is extremely low when the mangrove seedlings are planted in the middle-high salinity area and are affected by the seawater salinity; because the high salinity area is subject to salinity inhibition, the cultivation method which needs about 3-5 years can meet the specification requirement of nursery stock, so how to quickly cultivate salt-tolerant mangrove seedlings becomes the technical problem to be solved in the current mangrove forestation in the high salinity area in sea water.
CN202011598528.5 discloses a method for transforming a coastal culture pond into mangrove and nursery, which uses the method for transforming the coastal culture pond into mangrove nursery, and can transform the culture pond in situ to grow seedlings and directly supply mangrove seedlings needed by returning to the pond to the periphery; reducing the cost and loss of remote purchasing and transportation. Compared with the open water area of the coastal beach, the nursery provided by the invention can enable the nutrient solution to stay in the nursery for enough time through the water control measure, is beneficial to absorption of mangrove plants, and promotes healthy and rapid growth of seedlings. However, the method does not control the flooding time, the flooding height and the salinity, so that the survival rate of the red saplings still has a larger lifting space.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention provides a rapid seedling raising method for salt-tolerant mangrove seedlings; aims at adopting a plurality of different means to combine and ensure the rapid cultivation of mangrove seedlings.
A rapid seedling raising method for salt-tolerant mangrove seedlings, which comprises the steps of,
(1) Selecting addresses: selecting an offshore beach area which is immersed by natural tides and has seawater salinity of 15-25 per mill and a fresh water river nearby;
(2) Building a dyke: surrounding dykes are arranged around the nursery, and the height of the surrounding dykes is 30-40cm higher than the highest tide level of the big tide; building a sluice between the ocean and the nursery, and building a sluice between the fresh water river and the nursery;
(3) Preparing land: paving the beach surface of the nursery into step-type ridges which are vertical to the coastline direction and gradually reduced in height; the height difference of each ridge is 15cm-25cm, and the ridge is divided into 2-3 stages;
(4) Planting seedlings: planting seeds in the mature period of the harvested mangrove in a seedling bag, wherein the matrix in the seedling bag is coastal beach soil, and the sand content of the coastal beach soil is less than or equal to 40%;
planting a tree seedling of one year at the outermost periphery of the nursery;
(5) Irrigation: opening a sea water sluice and closing a fresh water drainage sluice in each big tide period; during each tide, opening a seawater sluice, closing the seawater sluice after the tide is refunded, and opening a fresh water sluice;
closing a fresh water sluice when the total daily flooding time is 10-12 hours, and opening a seawater sluice to drain water;
(6) Disease prevention: collecting the beach snails and releasing the beach snails in a nursery garden in a period of 7-14 days after the nursery planting; spraying the liquid medicine 7-10 days after the first release, and spraying the liquid medicine for the second time within 3-5 days;
the liquid medicine comprises the following components in percentage by mass:
Figure BDA0003742900350000021
(7) And (5) out of the garden: and (5) after the sapling reaches the specification, taking out of the nursery.
In particular, the seedling raising bag in the step (4) is degradable non-woven fabric, the height of the seedling raising bag is 40-50cm, and the diameter of the seedling raising bag is 25-30cm.
In particular, in the step (4), the seeds are at least one of tinospora root, kandelia candel, tung flower tree and avicennia marina.
In particular, in the step (4), at least two of the brucella, the black tinospora, the Kandelia candel, the tung tree and the avicennia marina are planted in sequence from high to low according to the beach surface.
In particular, in the step (4), the seedling raising bag is filled with a coated slow-release fertilizer, and the coated slow-release fertilizer comprises the following components in percentage by mass:
Figure BDA0003742900350000031
in particular, in the step (4), the seedling of the previous year is at least one of tinospora sinensis and tinospora cordifolia.
In particular, in step (6), the mineral oil is a green mineral oil. The adding amount of the littleleaf snails in the step (6) is more than or equal to 10 per square meter.
In the invention, the step (3) is formed into the stepped ridges with the heights gradually reduced, so that the purposes of simultaneously cultivating multiple species are achieved in order to match different mangrove tree species with inconsistent wind resistance and growth speed.
In the step (4), the purpose of planting the seedlings of one year on the outermost periphery of the nursery is to enable the seedlings after one year cultivation to have a certain height and insect and disease resistance, and the environment in the nursery can be effectively stabilized.
In the step (4), the non-woven fabric seedling raising bag is adopted to provide a stable environment for the seedlings, and meanwhile, the coated slow release fertilizer can continuously provide corresponding nutrition for the seedlings without repeated supplement. Meanwhile, the non-woven fabric seedling raising bag can also prevent the parasitic of sessile organisms such as barnacles and the like.
And (5) controlling salinity and flooding time while simulating normal tides to prevent the seedlings from being survived due to excessive variation.
In order to control the harm of parasites and germs to saplings, a biological combined chemical control method is adopted.
The big tide and the little tide are big tide and little tide in astronomical sense.
The beach snail is any species which can survive in nursery garden under the conditions of black beach snail (Littoraria melanostoma), pinus maculosa (Littoraria ardouiniana) or other beach snail families (Littoronidae)
The invention has the advantages that:
(1) The natural source of seawater and natural fresh water are adopted, and the salinity and the flooding time in the nursery are controlled by controlling the introduced water quantity and proportion, so that the method is ensured to be suitable for the growth of sapling.
(2) The cooperation of the coated slow release fertilizer and the flooding time is adopted, so that the absorption of the seedlings is facilitated, and the healthy and rapid growth of the seedlings is promoted.
(3) The damage of parasites, germs and sessile organisms to saplings is controlled by adopting various methods.
Drawings
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the present invention.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the following examples, which are not intended to limit the present invention, but are merely illustrative of the present invention. The experimental methods used in the following examples are not specifically described, but the experimental methods in which specific conditions are not specified in the examples are generally carried out under conventional conditions, and the materials, reagents, etc. used in the following examples are commercially available unless otherwise specified.
Example 1
The method comprises the following steps:
1. selecting addresses: the nursery is selected from a Zhuhai cross organ region, and a natural tidal flooded offshore beach region with the seawater salinity of 15-25 per mill is provided with a Zhuhuang entrance nearby.
(2) Building a dyke: surrounding dykes are arranged around the nursery, and the height of the surrounding dykes is 30-40cm higher than the highest tide level of the big tide; the height of the surrounding dike is 190cm; building a sluice between the ocean and the nursery, and building a sluice between the fresh water river and the nursery; the two sluice gates are independent.
(3) Preparing land: paving the beach surface of the nursery into step-type ridges which are vertical to the coastline direction and gradually reduced in height; the height difference of each ridge is 15cm, and the ridge is divided into 3 stages;
(4) Planting seedlings: planting seeds in the mature period of the harvested mangrove in degradable non-woven fabric seedling bags, wherein the matrix in the seedling bags is coastal beach soil, and the sand content of the coastal beach soil is less than or equal to 40%;
the height of the seedling bag is 40cm, and the diameter is 25cm.
And planting the radix tinosporae, the radix tinosporae and the Kandelia candel sequentially from high to low according to the beach surface.
The seedling raising bag is internally provided with a coated slow-release fertilizer, and the coated slow-release fertilizer comprises the following components in percentage by mass:
amino acid water-soluble fertilizer 20%
Humic acid 5%
EDTA iron sodium 4%
Eucalyptus bark 2%
Chlorella 10%
Plant ash 3%
Lignosulfonate 2%
The balance being water.
Planting the outer periphery of the nursery for one year;
(5) Irrigation:
about 7-8 days before and after the period of the great tide (lunar calendar one, two, three, sixteen, seventeen and eighteen), opening a sea water sluice, and closing a fresh water drainage sluice;
the sea water sluice is opened about 7-8 days before and after the small tide period (seven, eight, twenty-two and twenty-three a month); closing a sea water sluice after ebb and opening a fresh water sluice, and introducing the pearl river water;
when the total daily flooding time is 12 hours, closing a fresh water sluice, and opening the sea water sluice to drain water after 5-10 months;
4. when the total daily flooding time is 11 hours, closing a fresh water sluice, and opening the sea water sluice to drain water;
1. 2, 3, 12 months, closing a fresh water sluice after the total daily flooding time is 10 hours, and opening a seawater sluice to drain water;
(6) Disease prevention: collecting the beach snails and releasing the beach snails in a nursery garden in a period of 7-14 days after the nursery planting; spraying the liquid medicine 7 days after the first release, and spraying the liquid medicine for the second time within 3-5 days;
the liquid medicine comprises the following components in percentage by mass:
green glume mineral oil 6%
Sodium hypochlorite 2%
Matrine 2.5%
Chitin 2.5%
Eucalyptus oil 3%
The balance being water.
The dosage of the litsea cubeba is 20 per square meter.
(7) And (5) maintaining and planting for one year.
Example 2
The method comprises the following steps:
1. selecting addresses: the nursery is selected from a Zhuhai cross organ region, and a natural tidal flooded offshore beach region with the seawater salinity of 15-25 per mill is provided with a Zhuhuang entrance nearby.
(2) Building a dyke: surrounding dykes are arranged around the nursery, and the height of the surrounding dykes is 30-40cm higher than the highest tide level of the big tide; the height of the surrounding dike is 190cm; building a sluice between the ocean and the nursery, and building a sluice between the fresh water river and the nursery; the two sluice gates are independent.
(3) Preparing land: paving the beach surface of the nursery into step-type ridges which are vertical to the coastline direction and gradually reduced in height; the height difference of each ridge is 25cm, and the ridge is divided into 2 stages;
(4) Planting seedlings: planting seeds in the mature period of the harvested mangrove in degradable non-woven fabric seedling bags, wherein the matrix in the seedling bags is coastal beach soil, and the sand content of the coastal beach soil is less than or equal to 40%;
the height of the seedling bag is 50m, and the diameter is 30cm.
And planting the brucella and avicennia marina in sequence from high to low according to the beach surface.
The seedling raising bag is internally provided with a coated slow-release fertilizer, and the coated slow-release fertilizer comprises the following components in percentage by mass:
30% of amino acid water-soluble fertilizer
Humic acid 8%
EDTA iron sodium 6%
Eucalyptus bark 2%
Chlorella 6%
Plant ash 2%
Lignosulfonate 0.5%
The balance being water.
Planting the black tinospora sapling of one year at the outermost periphery of the nursery;
(5) Irrigation:
about 7-8 days before and after the period of the great tide (lunar calendar one, two, three, sixteen, seventeen and eighteen), opening a sea water sluice, and closing a fresh water drainage sluice;
the sea water sluice is opened about 7-8 days before and after the small tide period (seven, eight, twenty-two and twenty-three a month); closing a sea water sluice after ebb and opening a fresh water sluice, and introducing the pearl river water;
when the total daily flooding time is 12 hours, closing a fresh water sluice, and opening the sea water sluice to drain water after 5-10 months;
closing a fresh water sluice after the total daily flooding time is 10 hours, and opening the sea water sluice to drain water;
(6) Disease prevention: collecting the beach snails and releasing the beach snails in a nursery garden in a period of 7-10 days after the nursery planting; spraying the liquid medicine 10 days after the first release, and spraying the liquid medicine for the second time within 3-5 days;
the liquid medicine comprises the following components in percentage by mass:
green glume mineral oil 15%
Sodium hypochlorite 4%
Matrine 2%
Chitin 2%
Eucalyptus oil 2%
The balance being water.
The dosage of the litsea cubeba is 15 per square meter.
(7) And (5) maintaining and planting for one year.
Example 3
The method comprises the following steps:
1. selecting addresses: the nursery is selected from a Zhuhai cross organ region, and a natural tidal flooded offshore beach region with the seawater salinity of 15-25 per mill is provided with a Zhuhuang entrance nearby.
(2) Building a dyke: surrounding dykes are arranged around the nursery, and the height of the surrounding dykes is 30-40cm higher than the highest tide level of the big tide; the height of the surrounding dike is 190cm; building a sluice between the ocean and the nursery, and building a sluice between the fresh water river and the nursery; the two sluice gates are independent.
(3) Preparing land: paving the beach surface of the nursery into step-type ridges which are vertical to the coastline direction and gradually reduced in height; the height difference of each ridge is 20cm, and the ridge is divided into 3 stages;
(4) Planting seedlings: planting seeds in the mature period of the harvested mangrove in degradable non-woven fabric seedling bags, wherein the matrix in the seedling bags is coastal beach soil, and the sand content of the coastal beach soil is less than or equal to 40%;
the height of the seedling bag is 50m, and the diameter is 30cm.
And planting the radix tinosporae, the Kandelia candel and the tung tree in sequence from high to low according to the beach surface.
The seedling raising bag is internally provided with a coated slow-release fertilizer, and the coated slow-release fertilizer comprises the following components in percentage by mass:
25% of amino acid water-soluble fertilizer
Humic acid 5%
EDTA iron sodium 5%
Eucalyptus bark 2%
Chlorella 12%
Plant ash 3%
Lignosulfonate 1%
The balance being water.
Planting the black tinospora sapling of one year at the outermost periphery of the nursery;
(5) Irrigation:
about 7-8 days before and after the period of the great tide (lunar calendar one, two, three, sixteen, seventeen and eighteen), opening a sea water sluice, and closing a fresh water drainage sluice;
the sea water sluice is opened about 7-8 days before and after the small tide period (seven, eight, twenty-two and twenty-three a month); closing a sea water sluice after ebb and opening a fresh water sluice, and introducing the pearl river water;
when the total daily flooding time is 12 hours, closing a fresh water sluice, and opening the sea water sluice to drain water after 5-10 months;
4. when the total daily flooding time is 11 hours, closing a fresh water sluice, and opening the sea water sluice to drain water;
1. 2, 3, 12 months, closing a fresh water sluice after the total daily flooding time is 10 hours, and opening a seawater sluice to drain water;
(6) Disease prevention: the method comprises the steps of collecting the beach snails and releasing the beach snails in a nursery garden in a period of 10=14 days after seedling planting; spraying the liquid medicine 10 days after the first release, and spraying the liquid medicine for the second time within 3-5 days;
the liquid medicine comprises the following components in percentage by mass:
12% of green glume mineral oil
Sodium hypochlorite 4%
Matrine 1.5%
Chitin 1.5%
Eucalyptus oil 2%
The balance being water.
The dosage of the litsea cubeba is 10 per square meter.
(7) And (5) maintaining and planting for one year.
Example 4
The method comprises the following steps:
1. selecting addresses: the nursery is selected from a Zhuhai cross organ region, and a natural tidal flooded offshore beach region with the seawater salinity of 15-25 per mill is provided with a Zhuhuang entrance nearby.
(2) Building a dyke: surrounding dykes are arranged around the nursery, and the height of the surrounding dykes is 30-40cm higher than the highest tide level of the big tide; the height of the surrounding dike is 190cm; building a sluice between the ocean and the nursery, and building a sluice between the fresh water river and the nursery; the two sluice gates are independent.
(3) Preparing land: paving the beach surface of the nursery into step-type ridges which are vertical to the coastline direction and gradually reduced in height; the height difference of each ridge is 20cm, and the ridge is divided into 3 stages;
(4) Planting seedlings: planting seeds in the mature period of the harvested mangrove in degradable non-woven fabric seedling bags, wherein the matrix in the seedling bags is coastal beach soil, and the sand content of the coastal beach soil is less than or equal to 40%;
the height of the seedling bag is 40m, and the diameter is 25cm.
Planting the brucea javanica, the tung flower tree and the avicennia marina in sequence from high to low according to the beach surface.
The seedling raising bag is internally provided with a coated slow-release fertilizer, and the coated slow-release fertilizer comprises the following components in percentage by mass:
amino acid water-soluble fertilizer 20%
Humic acid 8%
EDTA iron sodium 5%
Eucalyptus bark 2%
Chlorella 12%
Plant ash 2%
Lignosulfonate 1%
The balance being water.
Planting the black tinospora sapling of one year at the outermost periphery of the nursery;
(5) Irrigation:
about 7-8 days before and after the period of the great tide (lunar calendar one, two, three, sixteen, seventeen and eighteen), opening a sea water sluice, and closing a fresh water drainage sluice;
the sea water sluice is opened about 7-8 days before and after the small tide period (seven, eight, twenty-two and twenty-three a month); closing a sea water sluice after ebb and opening a fresh water sluice, and introducing the pearl river water;
when the total daily flooding time is 12 hours, closing a fresh water sluice, and opening the sea water sluice to drain water after 5-10 months;
4. when the total daily flooding time is 11 hours, closing a fresh water sluice, and opening the sea water sluice to drain water;
1. 2, 3, 12 months, closing a fresh water sluice after the total daily flooding time is 10 hours, and opening a seawater sluice to drain water;
(6) Disease prevention: the method comprises the steps of collecting the beach snails and releasing the beach snails in a nursery garden in a period of 10=14 days after seedling planting; spraying the liquid medicine 10 days after the first release, and spraying the liquid medicine for the second time within 3-5 days;
the liquid medicine comprises the following components in percentage by mass:
12% of green glume mineral oil
Sodium hypochlorite 4%
Matrine 1.5%
Chitin 1.5%
Eucalyptus oil 2%
The balance being water.
The dosage of the litsea cubeba is 20 per square meter.
(7) And (5) maintaining and planting for one year.
Comparative example 1
The method comprises the following steps:
1. selecting addresses: the nursery is selected from a Zhuhai cross organ region, and a natural tidal flooded offshore beach region with the seawater salinity of 15-25 per mill is provided with a Zhuhuang entrance nearby.
(2) Building a dyke: surrounding dykes are arranged around the nursery, and the height of the surrounding dykes is 30-40cm higher than the highest tide level of the big tide; the height of the surrounding dike is 190cm; building a sluice between the ocean and the nursery, and building a sluice between the fresh water river and the nursery; the two sluice gates are independent.
(3) Preparing land: paving the beach surface of the nursery into step-type ridges which are vertical to the coastline direction and gradually reduced in height; the height difference of each ridge is 20cm, and the ridge is divided into 3 stages;
(4) Planting seedlings: planting seeds in the mature period of the harvested mangrove in degradable non-woven fabric seedling bags, wherein the matrix in the seedling bags is coastal beach soil, and the sand content of the coastal beach soil is less than or equal to 40%;
the height of the seedling bag is 40m, and the diameter is 25cm.
Planting the brucea javanica, the tung flower tree and the avicennia marina in sequence from high to low according to the beach surface.
(5) Irrigation:
the method comprises the steps of (1) closing a fresh water sluice, opening the sea water sluice, enabling sea water to enter a nursery garden in the tide rising process, closing the sea water sluice to reach a proper flooding depth, flooding for 10-12 hours each day, opening the sluice, draining water, and circulating for 6-8 days; other open fresh water sluice and sea water sluice every day, irrigate by natural tide of sea water.
The operation is essentially 6-8 days of seawater irrigation per month; the natural tide irrigation mode with the flooding time of about 1-6 hours per day is used for irrigation for 22-24 days.
(7) And (5) maintaining and planting for one year.
Comparative example 2
The method comprises the following steps:
1. selecting addresses: the nursery is selected from a Zhuhai cross organ region, and a natural tidal flooded offshore beach region with the seawater salinity of 15-25 per mill is provided with a Zhuhuang entrance nearby.
(2) Building a dyke: surrounding dykes are arranged around the nursery, and the height of the surrounding dykes is 30-40cm higher than the highest tide level of the big tide; the height of the surrounding dike is 190cm; building a sluice between the ocean and the nursery, and building a sluice between the fresh water river and the nursery; the two sluice gates are independent.
(3) Preparing land: paving the beach surface of the nursery into step-type ridges which are vertical to the coastline direction and gradually reduced in height; the height difference of each ridge is 20cm, and the ridge is divided into 3 stages;
(4) Planting seedlings: planting seeds in the mature period of the harvested mangrove in degradable non-woven fabric seedling bags, wherein the matrix in the seedling bags is coastal beach soil, and the sand content of the coastal beach soil is less than or equal to 40%;
the height of the seedling bag is 40m, and the diameter is 25cm.
Planting the brucea javanica, the tung flower tree and the avicennia marina in sequence from high to low according to the beach surface.
(5) Irrigation:
the method comprises the steps of (1) closing a fresh water sluice, opening the sea water sluice, enabling sea water to enter a nursery garden in the tide rising process, closing the sea water sluice to reach proper flooding depth, flooding for 10-12 hours each day, opening the sluice, draining water, and circulating for 14-15 days; other open fresh water sluice and sea water sluice every day, irrigate by natural tide of sea water.
The operation is that the sea water irrigation is carried out for 14-15 days per month; the natural tide irrigation mode with the flooding time of about 1-6 hours per day is used for irrigation for 14-15 days.
(7) And (5) maintaining and planting for one year.
Comparative example 3
The method comprises the following steps:
1. selecting addresses: the nursery is selected from a Zhuhai cross organ region, and a natural tidal flooded offshore beach region with the seawater salinity of 15-25 per mill is provided with a Zhuhuang entrance nearby.
(2) Building a dyke: surrounding dykes are arranged around the nursery, and the height of the surrounding dykes is 30-40cm higher than the highest tide level of the big tide; the height of the surrounding dike is 190cm; building a sluice between the ocean and the nursery, and building a sluice between the fresh water river and the nursery; the two sluice gates are independent.
(3) Preparing land: paving the beach surface of the nursery into step-type ridges which are vertical to the coastline direction and gradually reduced in height; the height difference of each ridge is 20cm, and the ridge is divided into 3 stages;
(4) Planting seedlings: planting seeds in the mature period of the harvested mangrove in degradable non-woven fabric seedling bags, wherein the matrix in the seedling bags is coastal beach soil, and the sand content of the coastal beach soil is less than or equal to 40%;
the height of the seedling bag is 40m, and the diameter is 25cm.
Planting the brucea javanica, the tung flower tree and the avicennia marina in sequence from high to low according to the beach surface.
(5) Irrigation:
the fresh water sluice is closed, the seawater sluice is opened, the seawater enters a nursery garden in the tide rising process, the seawater sluice is closed to reach proper flooding depth, the water is flooded for 10-12 hours each day, then the sluice is opened for water discharge, the water is circulated for 10-20 days, the fresh water sluice and the seawater sluice are opened each other each day, the water is irrigated by natural tide action of the seawater,
the operation is essentially that sea water irrigates for 20 days; irrigation is carried out for 10-11 days in a natural tidal irrigation mode with the water flooding time of about 1-6 hours.
(7) And (5) maintaining and planting for one year.
Comparative example 4
The method comprises the following steps:
1. selecting addresses: the nursery is selected from a Zhuhai cross organ region, and a natural tidal flooded offshore beach region with the seawater salinity of 15-25 per mill is provided with a Zhuhuang entrance nearby.
(2) Building a dyke: surrounding dykes are arranged around the nursery, and the height of the surrounding dykes is 30-40cm higher than the highest tide level of the big tide; the height of the surrounding dike is 190cm; building a sluice between the ocean and the nursery, and building a sluice between the fresh water river and the nursery; the two sluice gates are independent.
(3) Preparing land: paving the beach surface of the nursery into step-type ridges which are vertical to the coastline direction and gradually reduced in height; the height difference of each ridge is 20cm, and the ridge is divided into 3 stages;
(4) Planting seedlings: planting seeds in the mature period of the harvested mangrove in degradable non-woven fabric seedling bags, wherein the matrix in the seedling bags is coastal beach soil, and the sand content of the coastal beach soil is less than or equal to 40%;
the height of the seedling bag is 40m, and the diameter is 25cm.
Planting the brucea javanica, the tung flower tree and the avicennia marina in sequence from high to low according to the beach surface.
(5) Irrigation: without introducing river water, mangrove seedlings grow under the condition of natural tidal flooding of seawater
(7) And (5) maintaining and planting for one year.
Each example and comparative example is provided with 5 groups, and the average seedling height, the survival rate of the seedlings and the survival rate after transplanting are recorded; specifically, the results are shown in Table 1.
TABLE 1
Figure BDA0003742900350000121
Survival rate (%) after transplanting in table 1 is a comparison of seedlings after survival with seedlings after three months of transplanting. Transplanting refers to planting seedlings in areas where mangroves naturally occur or where manual planting of mangroves is desirable.
As can be seen from Table 1, although the survival rate of seedlings of comparative example 1 is significantly better than that of comparative examples 2, 3 and 4; but the survival rate (%) after transplanting is the lowest, and the analysis reason is that the seawater irrigation time per month is too short, and the pure seawater environment is difficult to adapt after transplanting. The reason why the survival rate (%) after transplanting of comparative example 2 was low is the same.
Finally, it should be noted that the above description is only for illustrating the technical solution of the present invention, and not for limiting the scope of the present invention, and that the simple modification and equivalent substitution of the technical solution of the present invention can be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and scope of the technical solution of the present invention.

Claims (1)

1. A method for quickly raising seedlings of salt-tolerant mangrove is characterized by comprising the following steps,
(1) Selecting addresses: selecting an offshore beach area which is immersed by natural tides and has seawater salinity of 15-25 per mill and a fresh water river nearby;
(2) Building a dyke: surrounding dykes are arranged around the nursery, and the height of the surrounding dykes is 30-40cm higher than the highest tide level of the big tide; building a sluice between the ocean and the nursery, and building a sluice between the fresh water river and the nursery;
(3) Preparing land: paving the beach surface of the nursery into step-type ridges which are vertical to the coastline direction and gradually reduced in height; the height difference of each ridge is 15cm-25cm, and the ridge is divided into 2-3 stages;
(4) Planting seedlings: planting seeds in the mature period of the harvested mangrove in a seedling bag, wherein the matrix in the seedling bag is coastal beach soil, and the sand content of the coastal beach soil is less than or equal to 40%;
planting a tree seedling of one year at the outermost periphery of the nursery;
(5) Irrigation: in each big tide period, opening a sea water sluice, and closing a fresh water drainage sluice; in each tide period, opening a seawater sluice, closing the seawater sluice after the tide is refunded, and opening a fresh water sluice;
closing a fresh water sluice when the total daily flooding time is 10-12 hours, and opening a seawater sluice to drain water;
(6) Disease prevention: collecting the beach snails and releasing the beach snails in a nursery garden in a period of 7-14 days after the nursery planting; spraying the liquid medicine 7-10 days after the first release, and spraying the liquid medicine for the second time within 3-5 days;
the liquid medicine comprises the following components in percentage by mass:
Figure FDA0004131191570000011
(7) And (5) out of the garden: after the sapling reaches the specification, the sapling is transplanted out of the nursery;
the seedling raising bag in the step (4) is degradable non-woven fabric, the height of the seedling raising bag is 40-50cm, and the diameter of the seedling raising bag is 25-30cm;
in the step (4), the seeds are at least one of radix tinosporae, kandelia candel, tung tree and avicennia marina;
in the step (4), planting at least two of radix tinosporae, kandelia candel, tung flower tree and avicennia marina in sequence from high to low according to the beach surface;
in the step (4), the seedling raising bag is internally provided with a coated slow-release fertilizer, and the coated slow-release fertilizer comprises the following components in percentage by mass:
Figure FDA0004131191570000021
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in the step (4), the seedlings of the previous year are at least one of tinospora sinensis and tinospora cordifolia;
in step (6), the mineral oil is a green mineral oil;
the adding amount of the littleleaf snails in the step (6) is more than or equal to 10 per square meter.
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