CN111226533A

CN111226533A - Method for germinating mallotus japonicus seeds and seedling culture method

Info

Publication number: CN111226533A
Application number: CN202010171508.3A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 张颖; 钟军弟; 钟才荣
Original assignee: Lingnan Normal University
Current assignee: Lingnan Normal University
Priority date: 2020-03-12
Filing date: 2020-03-12
Publication date: 2020-06-05
Anticipated expiration: 2040-03-12
Also published as: CN111226533B

Abstract

The invention discloses a method for germinating lotus leaf and tung seed and a seedling method. The seed germination method comprises soaking seeds in seawater, and then soaking under shading and ventilating conditions; then sowing the seeds in a specific matrix, and periodically sprinkling seawater and fresh water. According to the method for germinating the seeds, the seeds are soaked in the saline water, and then soaked in the soaking solution under the conditions of shading and ventilation, so that the germination rate of the seeds is improved to 67-68%. The method is simple, and compared with the existing method, the germination rate of the seeds is remarkably improved by about 2 times of that in the prior art; meanwhile, the survival rate of the seedlings obtained by the method is high, the survival rate of the seedlings is remarkably improved to more than 95% through screening of the matrix and shading treatment, the method has great significance and value for propagation of the lotus leaf bud trees, is worthy of wide popularization in coastal zones, and is beneficial to protection and greening of beach environment.

Description

Method for germinating mallotus japonicus seeds and seedling culture method

Technical Field

The invention relates to the technical field of plant propagation, in particular to a method for germinating mallotus japonicus seeds and a seedling method.

Background

The endangered mangrove plant Aleurites fordii (Hernandia nymeifolia (c.Presl) Kubitzki), belongs to the family Aleurites fordii (Hernandiaceae) and the genus Aleurites fordii (Hernandia L.). It is distributed in tropical regions of asia, often grown on the beach, and in china on the east coast and south taiwan of the southern sea island. The number of wild lotus leaf trees in Hainan island is less than 300 reported and field investigation is carried out. In Hainan Johnson, Aleurites fordii is often the frontmost tree species of coastal protection forests on coastal sandy lands of the coast along with casuarina equisetifolia. However, only a few of the jatropha curcas in the Qihai region can normally bloom and bear fruits at present, and most of the jatropha curcas in other places show no flowers or flowers and no fruits. In 2014, the germination rate of the seed of the aleurites nelumbinis is not high (< 40%) in the early period of the project group. The research result shows that the mallotus japonicus has more serious sexual reproduction disorder.

The method for planting the aleurites lotifolia on the beach has good effects on moisture prevention, bank protection and greening of the beach, so that the germination rate and the survival rate of the aleurites lotifolia seeds are improved, and the method has great significance for cultivating more aleurites lotifolia.

In the prior art, an experimental method adopted for a mallotus japonicus seed germination experiment is as follows: the seed of the lotus leaf tung tree is soaked in potassium permanganate solution for disinfection, then treated by growth hormone such as NAA (naphthylacetic acid) or GA3 (gibberellin) and then sowed into a substrate. However, the results were not satisfactory, and the germination rate of the GA 3-treated seeds was 33.33%, that of the NAA-treated group was 38.89%, and that of the blank control group was 13.89%. Although the germination rate of the seeds is improved by the treatment of the growth hormone, the overall germination rate is still low. Therefore, it is necessary to provide a method for raising seedlings with high seed germination rate and high seedling survival rate.

Disclosure of Invention

The invention aims to provide a method for germinating the seed of the mallotus japonicus aiming at the problems of low seed germination rate and low seedling survival rate of the mallotus japonicus in the prior art. According to the method disclosed by the invention, the germination rate of the seed of the mallotus japonicus and the survival rate of the seedling are remarkably improved by improving the pretreatment of the mallotus japonicus seed, the seedling culture substrate and the conditions in seed germination and seedling culture, and the method has great significance for propagation of the mallotus japonicus plant.

The invention also aims to provide a seedling raising method of the lotus leaf tung.

The above object of the present invention is achieved by the following scheme:

a method for germinating the seed of the mallotus japonicus comprises the following steps:

s1, seed pretreatment: soaking the lotus leaf tung seeds in seawater with salt concentration of 4-6 per mill, then placing the lotus leaf tung seeds in a soaking solution containing a broad-spectrum bactericide, soaking the lotus leaf tung seeds in a shading and ventilating condition, periodically replacing the soaking solution with a new one, taking out the seeds after soaking for 10 days, removing seed coats and cleaning the seeds with clean water;

s2, sowing: the seedbed matrix is formed by mixing 1/3 red soil and 2/3 sea sand, potassium permanganate is used for sealing and disinfection before sowing, sowing is carried out after the seedbed is opened for one day, the sowing mode adopts hole sowing, 1 seed in each hole is sowed, and soil is covered; and (3) sprinkling seawater with salt concentration of 4-6 per mill every day after sowing to keep the matrix in a moist but non-wet state, and pouring fresh water every 7 days until the cotyledon is unearthed.

Preferably, the broad-spectrum bactericide is that the broad-spectrum bactericide is carbendazim, pyraclostrobin, thiram, thiophanate-methyl, ethylicin or copper kasugamycin.

More preferably, the broad spectrum fungicide is carbendazim. The 25% carbendazim was diluted 400 times and used.

Preferably, the light shading condition is that the illumination intensity is 5000-6000 lux. 2 layers of 3-needle sunshade nets can be adopted for sunshade.

Preferably, step S1 is performed at room temperature, between 25 and 28 ℃.

Preferably, the mass concentration of the potassium permanganate is 0.02-0.05%.

Preferably, in step S2, the casing soil has a thickness of 0.5-1 cm.

The invention also provides a seedling raising method of the lotus leaf tung, wherein the lotus leaf tung seeds are treated according to the method, and when the height of a seedling of a young bud reaches 8-10cm, the seedling is transferred to a sterilized seedling raising substrate, wherein the seedling raising substrate is prepared from 1/3 coconut coir, 1/3 sea sand and 1/3 red soil; spraying seawater with salt concentration of 4-6 per mill every day after seedling transplantation to keep the matrix in a moist but non-wet state, and pouring fresh water once every 7 days; simultaneously applying the broad-spectrum insecticide every 7 days until 8-10 true leaves grow out and the seedlings are healthy; the whole process is carried out under the conditions of sun shading and ventilation.

Preferably, the seedling raising substrate is disinfected by potassium permanganate with the mass concentration of 0.02-0.05%.

Preferably, the whole seedling raising process is carried out at room temperature and is 25-28 ℃.

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:

according to the method for germinating the seeds, the seeds are soaked in the saline water, then soaked in the soaking solution, and meanwhile sun-shading treatment is carried out, so that the soaking time is prolonged, the germination of the seeds is facilitated, and the germination rate of the seeds is increased to 67-68%. The method is simple, and compared with the existing method, the germination rate of the seeds is remarkably improved by about 2 times of that in the prior art.

Meanwhile, the survival rate of the seedlings germinated by the method is high, the survival rate of the seedlings is remarkably improved to more than 95% through screening of the matrix and shading treatment, the method has great significance and value for propagation of the lotus leaf tung, is worthy of wide popularization in coastal zones, and is beneficial to protection and greening of beach environment.

Drawings

FIG. 1 shows the effect of different seeding media on the germination rate of seeds in example 2.

FIG. 2 shows the effect of different seedling raising substrates on the survival rate of seedlings in example 3.

FIG. 3 shows the effect of different light intensities on the germination rate of seeds in example 4.

FIG. 4 shows the effect of different illumination intensities on the survival rate of seedlings in example 5.

FIG. 5 shows the different stages of germination of the seeds of example 1.

FIG. 6 shows the seedlings immediately after being transplanted into the small seedling-raising bags in example 1.

FIG. 7 shows the surviving seedlings from example 1.

Detailed Description

The present invention is further described in detail below with reference to specific examples, which are provided for illustration only and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. The test methods used in the following examples are all conventional methods unless otherwise specified; the materials, reagents and the like used are, unless otherwise specified, commercially available reagents and materials.

Example 1

A method for germinating the seed of Aleurites fordii and a seedling method thereof are disclosed, wherein the specific process comprises the following steps:

s1, seed pretreatment: collecting mature, full and pest-free fruits from the seed trees of the mallotus plumetiana, soaking the fruits in seawater with the salt concentration of 5 per mill, and performing the steps of 1: carbendazim is added according to the dilution ratio of 400 times, and the seed coats are placed under the sun-shading condition (the illumination is 5000-6000 lux, the temperature is 25-28 ℃, and the natural ventilation) to accelerate the seed coat decay; in the seed soaking process, the soaking solution is replaced every 2 days, and the seeds are slightly turned over every day to promote aerobic respiration of the seeds, so that the seed germination is accelerated; taking out the seeds after 10 days, peeling off the outer seed coats, rinsing for 30 minutes by using clear water, and then sowing the seeds; wherein, the sun-shading condition is to shade the sun by using 2 layers of 3-needle sun-shading nets;

s2, sowing: the seedbed matrix is formed by mixing 1/3 red soil and 2/3 sea sand, potassium permanganate (0.05%) is used for sealing and disinfecting before sowing, the sowing is carried out after the seedbed is opened for one day, the sowing mode adopts hole sowing, 60 holes are planted in each pot, 1 seed is planted in each hole, and the soil is covered by 0.5-1 cm; spraying seawater with 5 per mill salt concentration every day after sowing to keep the matrix in a moist but non-wet state, pouring fresh water every 7 days, and waiting for the cotyledon to come out of the soil; the sun-shading condition is that 2 layers of 3-needle sun-shading nets are used for shading sun (the illumination is 5000-6000 lux, the temperature is 25-28 ℃, and the natural ventilation is realized);

s3, seedling culture: when the cotyledon unearths and the height of the seedling reaches 8-10cm, transferring the seedling to a disinfected seedling substrate (prepared from 1/3 coconut chaff, 1/3 sea sand and 1/3 red soil), wherein the disinfection method is the same as the seedbed substrate; spraying seawater with 5 per mill salt concentration every day after transplanting seedlings, keeping the matrix in a moist but non-wet state, and changing fresh water every 7 days; simultaneously applying broad-spectrum pesticide (such as organophosphorus pesticide such as trichlorfon, low-toxicity pesticide of phosphorus diformylamide, dimethoate, 45% phoxim emulsifiable concentrate, 50% phoxim emulsifiable concentrate, etc.) once every 7 days; the sun-shading condition is to use 2 layers of 3-needle sun-shading nets to shade sun (the illumination is 5000-6000 lux, the temperature is 25-28 ℃, and the natural ventilation is carried out).

And 3 groups of repeated experiments are set in the step S2, each group of experiments has one pot, 60 holes are planted in each pot, 1 seed is planted in each hole, germination experiments are carried out, and the average value of statistical results is taken.

In step S2, the normal germination of the seed is indicated by the emergence of the cotyledon as the standard, and the statistical time is 150 days (the lotus leaf tung is an endangered species, one of the reasons is that the germination duration of the seed is long, so the selected time is 150 days). Statistically, in step S2, the germination rate of the seed of the mallotus japonicus is 68%.

The procedure of step S3 sets 3 repeated experiments, 30 seedlings were transplanted for each treatment, and the statistical results were averaged.

In the step S3, 8-10 true leaves are grown from the seedling, the plant height reaches 70-80 cm, and the seedling has no plant diseases or insect pests, which indicates that the seedling is alive. Through statistics, in the step S3, after culturing for 4 months, the survival rate of the seedlings is 95%.

Example 2 screening of seeding substrate

A method for germinating the seed of Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn and a method for growing seedlings are disclosed, wherein the specific procedures are as steps S1 and S2 in example 1, wherein the substrate used for sowing in step S2 is studied, and since Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn grows on the beach side, in the existing method for growing seedlings, sea sand is usually used as the substrate for growing seedlings, but the effect is not ideal, so different substrates for growing seedlings are tested in this example.

The experiments were divided into 5 groups, which used matrices of 1: sea sand, 2: 1/3 red soil +2/3 sea sand, 3: 1/2 laterite +1/2 sea sand, 4: 2/3 red soil +1/3 sea sand, 5: laterite.

Each experimental group was set with 3 replicates, one replicate for each pot, 60 seeds per pot

And (3) germination process: sealing and sterilizing with potassium permanganate (0.05%) before sowing, sowing after opening for one day, and sowing in hole with 1 seed per hole and soil covering of 0.5-1 cm. Spraying with 5% salt seawater every day after sowing to keep the matrix in a moist but not wet state, and pouring fresh water every 7 days. The sun-shading condition is to use 2 layers of 3-needle sun-shading nets to shade sun (the illumination is 5000-6000 lux, the temperature is 25-28 ℃, and the natural ventilation is carried out).

In step S2, normal germination of the seeds is indicated by taking the emergence of the cotyledons as a standard, and the statistical time is 150 days.

The results of the experiment are shown in FIG. 1. As can be seen from fig. 1, when the substrates for sowing and raising seedlings are different, the germination rates of the seed of the erythrina indica are different, and when all the laterite is adopted, the germination rate of the experimental group 5 is the lowest, while the germination rates of the experimental groups 3 and 4 are slightly higher than that of the experimental group 1, but the improvement is still not obvious, while the germination rate of the experimental group 2 is the highest, and the significance is higher than that of all other experimental groups, and the germination rate is 67%.

EXAMPLE 3 screening of seedling substrate

A method for germinating the seed of the mallotus japonicus and a seedling method, the specific process is as in example 1, and in order to investigate the influence of the seedling substrate on the survival rate of the seedling, the substrate used for seedling in step S3 is studied.

Experiment setting and processing: 1: 1/2 laterite +1/2 sea sand; 2: 1/3 red soil +1/3 sea sand +1/3 coconut coir; 3: 1/4 red soil +1/4 sea sand +1/2 coconut coir; 4: and (4) full sea sand.

Transplanting 30 seedlings in each treatment, repeating each treatment for 3 times, and growing 8-10 true leaves on the seedlings until the plants are 70-80 cm high and the seedlings have no plant diseases or insect pests. Data statistics were performed, with an average for each treatment.

When the cotyledon unearths and the height of the young bud reaches 8-10cm, transferring the young seedling to a sterilized seedling substrate, wherein the sterilizing method is the same as that of the seedling bed substrate; sprinkling seawater with the salt concentration of 4-6 per mill every day after seedling transplantation to keep the matrix in a moist but non-wet state, and pouring fresh water once every 7 days; simultaneously applying broad-spectrum pesticide (such as organophosphorus pesticide such as trichlorfon, low-toxicity pesticide of phosphorus diformylamide, dimethoate, 45% phoxim emulsifiable concentrate, 50% phoxim emulsifiable concentrate, etc.) once every 7 days; the sun-shading condition is to use 2 layers of 3-needle sun-shading nets to shade sun (the illumination is 5000-6000 lux, the temperature is 25-28 ℃, and the natural ventilation is carried out).

The results of the experiment are shown in FIG. 2. As can be seen from fig. 2, the experimental groups 2 and 3 had the highest survival rate of seedlings, and the survival rates between the two groups were very close, and considering that the coconut coir added in the seedling raising medium of the 3 groups would increase the production cost, the optimal medium for the treatment 2 was selected.

Example 3 Effect of illumination intensity in seed pretreatment

A method for germinating a lotus leaf tung seed and a seedling method, the specific process is as in example 1, in order to investigate the influence of the illumination intensity in the seed pretreatment process on the germination rate of the seed, the illumination intensity adopted in the seed pretreatment in step S1 is studied.

Illumination intensity experimental treatment: 1. sun-shading (illuminance >10,000lux, 25-28 deg.C, natural ventilation); 2. 1 layer of 3-needle sunshade net is used for sunshade (the illumination is 6000-10,000 lux, the temperature is 25-28 ℃, and the natural ventilation is carried out); 3. and (3) shading the sun by 2 layers of the 3-needle shading net (the illumination is 5000-6000 lux, the temperature is 25-28 ℃, and the natural ventilation is realized).

60 seeds per pot, 3 replicates per treatment, one pot per treatment.

And (3) seed germination: sealing and sterilizing with potassium permanganate (0.5%) before sowing, sowing after opening for one day, and sowing in hole with 1 seed per hole and soil covering of 0.5-1 cm. The matrix is (1/3 red soil +2/3 sea sand). Spraying with 5% salt seawater every day after sowing to keep the matrix in a moist but not wet state, and pouring fresh water every 7 days.

The results are shown in FIG. 3. As can be seen from fig. 3, in the seed pretreatment process, the germination rates of the experimental groups 2 and 3 are significantly higher than that of the group 1 which is not subjected to sun-shading treatment, and the germination rate of the seeds of the experimental group 3 is the highest and is as high as 67% or more, and compared with the experimental groups 1 and 2, the germination rate of the seeds is significantly improved and is almost 2 times that of the seeds in the prior art. Example 4 Effect of illumination intensity during seedling raising

A method for germinating the seed of the mallotus japonicus and a seedling raising method, the specific process is as in example 1, and in order to investigate the influence of the illumination intensity in the seedling raising process on the survival rate of the seedling, the illumination intensity adopted in the seedling raising in the step S3 is studied.

When the cotyledon unearths and the height of the seedling reaches 8-10cm, transferring the seedling to a disinfected seedling substrate (prepared from 1/3 coconut chaff, 1/3 sea sand and 1/3 red soil), wherein the disinfection method is the same as the seedbed substrate; sprinkling seawater with the salt concentration of 4-6 per mill every day after seedling transplantation to keep the matrix in a moist but non-wet state, and pouring fresh water once every 7 days; simultaneously applying broad-spectrum pesticide (such as organophosphorus pesticide such as trichlorfon, low-toxicity pesticide of phosphorus diformylamide, dimethoate, 45% phoxim emulsifiable concentrate, 50% phoxim emulsifiable concentrate, etc.) once every 7 days.

The results are shown in FIG. 4. As can be seen from fig. 4, the survival rates of the seedlings in the experiment 2 and the experiment 3 groups subjected to the sun-shading treatment are both significantly higher than that of the experiment 1 group not subjected to the sun-shading treatment, and the survival rate of the seedlings in the experiment 3 groups is significantly better than that of the experiment 2 group, and the survival rate of the seedlings is as high as 95%, which indicates that the sun-shading treatment is performed during the cultivation of the seedlings, so that the survival of the seedlings is facilitated, and the survival rate of the seedlings is the highest when the illumination intensity is in the range of 5000-6000 lux.

It should be finally noted that the above examples are only intended to illustrate the technical solutions of the present invention, and not to limit the scope of the present invention, and that other variations and modifications based on the above description and thought may be made by those skilled in the art, and that all embodiments need not be exhaustive. Any modification, equivalent replacement, and improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for germinating the seed of the mallotus japonicus is characterized by comprising the following steps:

2. The method for germination of aleurites fordii seed as claimed in claim 1, wherein the broad spectrum fungicide is carbendazim, pyraclostrobin, thiram, thiophanate-methyl, ethylicin or copper kasugamycin.

3. The method for germinating the mallotus japonicus seed as claimed in claim 1, wherein the light shielding condition is that the illumination intensity is 5000-6000 lux.

4. The method for germinating the aleurites fordii seed as recited in claim 1, wherein the step S1 is performed at room temperature.

5. The method for germinating the mallotus japonicus seed as claimed in claim 1, wherein the mass concentration of the potassium permanganate is 0.02-0.05%.

6. The method for germinating the lotus leaf bud seed as claimed in claim 1, wherein the thickness of the covering soil in the step S2 is 0.5-1 cm.

7. A method for raising seedlings of Aleurites fordii characterized in that Aleurites fordii seeds are treated according to any one of claims 1 to 5 and when the height of the young seedlings reaches 8 to 10cm, the seedlings are transferred to a sterilized seedling raising substrate prepared from 1/3 coir +1/3 sea sand +1/3 red soil; spraying seawater with salt concentration of 4-6 per mill every day after seedling transplantation to keep the matrix in a moist but non-wet state, and pouring fresh water once every 7 days; simultaneously applying the broad-spectrum insecticide every 7 days until 8-10 true leaves grow out and the seedlings are healthy; the whole process is carried out under the conditions of sun shading and ventilation.

8. The method for growing seedlings of Aleurites fordii of claim 7, wherein the substrate for growing seedlings is sterilized by potassium permanganate with a mass concentration of 0.02 to 0.05%.

9. The method for growing seedlings of Aleurites fordii according to claim 7, wherein the light-shielding condition is a light intensity of 5000 to 6000 lux.

10. The method for growing seedlings of Aleurites fordii according to claim 7, wherein the entire growing process is performed at room temperature.