CN109804872A - A kind of spring maize entire mechanization is precisely lost weight synergy cultural method - Google Patents
A kind of spring maize entire mechanization is precisely lost weight synergy cultural method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
A kind of spring maize entire mechanization is precisely lost weight synergy cultural method, it belongs to cultivating method of crop field.The invention solves northern spring maize seeding quality is poor, the problem of low output.Stalk is handled with stubble cleaner after present invention corn joint threshing harvester harvesting corn, it is harrowed with combined soil preparing machine after carefully having flattened micro-ridge or big ridge and obtains exposed soil image data with agricultural unmanned plane combination multispectral camera, carry out the field sample detection available nutrient of soil, it is sowed after 5cm topsoil reaches certain temperature using precision planter, after planting in different stages of growth spray fertilizer machinery, unmanned plane or aircraft spray fertilizer 1~2 time；Corn 0~1 opens up the leaf opened setate, corn 2~3 opens up the leaf opened setate, corn 8~10 opens up leaf opened setate progress subsoiling, heats, preserves soil moisture, loosens the soil, weed eradication operation, for corn when the 6th leaf is fully deployed, plant height carries out lodging management when being more than 70cm.The present invention improves 95% or more corn survival rate of seedlings, reduces dose 20%~30%.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to cultivating method of crop fields；More particularly to a kind of spring maize entire mechanization precisely lose weight synergy plant
Culture method.
Background technique
Corn is in northern area with significant importance, be both people cereal crops and poultry feed and industry it is former
Material.The cultivated area of northern spring maize accounts for more than half of the total cultivated area of corn, but because of the region Low Temperature in Spring, later period gas
Temperature is low, and slowly, and arid is still the natural calamity of most serious for kernel grouting and dehydration, summer drought often occurs, dry season, autumn hang phenomenon,
Especially spring drought takes place frequently, and seriously affects emergence, and rainy season is often accompanied by strong wind hail in short-term, will lead to corn lodging and pest and disease damage
Influence, all have a great impact to corn planting.
Using traditional implantation methods, there are also problems in northern multi-form agriculture spring maize producing region, and production efficiency is low first, stalk
Returning to the field and site preparation quality difference and application miniature seeding machine cause seeding quality poor, the low problem of survival rate of seedlings；Traditional corn fertilizing skill
Art there are the problem of mainly have: survey native sample representation and precision be not high, the corn middle and later periods can not carry out the nutrition of field growing way
Dynamic monitoring causes formula inaccurate, and total fertilization amount is high, and N P and K allocation proportion is unreasonable, wherein seed manure nitrogen proportion
Excessively high, more than 60%, manuring late Nitrogen Amount is less than 40%, and does not chase after phosphorus potash fertilizer, it is easy to corn nourishment be caused to grow
Prosperous, branches and leaves are excessively in great numbers, influence ventilation and penetrating light, and nitrogen is excessively unfavorable for root development, and stalk weakness succulence influences to support
Divide, moisture absorption and disease-resistant, lodging tolerance, middle and later periods are also easy to denitrogenation, reduction setting percentage and 100-grain weight, influence corn yield
And quality.In addition, the fertilizer dosage form in traditional corn fertilizer is single, lack the micro members such as the biggish zinc of corn requirement
Element, fertilizer compatibility is not scientific, is unfavorable for seed sprouting and growth of seedling；Fertilizer placement is unreasonable, and fertilization depth is inadequate, domestic small
Some is kind of a lower fertilising to type seeding and fertilizing machinery, and amount of application of nitrogen fertilizer easily causes greatly burn seedlings phenomenon.
Summary of the invention
Precisely lose weight synergy cultural method it is an object of the present invention to provide a kind of spring maize entire mechanization.
The invention is realized by the following technical scheme:
A kind of spring maize entire mechanization is precisely lost weight synergy cultural method, and method of soil preparation is to be gathered in corn joint threshing
Stalk is handled with stubble cleaner after machine harvesting corn, then ploughs deeply 30~40cm of soil, thin leveling is harrowed with combined soil preparing machine, plays micro-ridge
Or big ridge, exposed soil image data then is obtained with agricultural unmanned plane combination multispectral camera, carrying out field sample detection soil has
Nutrient is imitated, site preparation is completed.
A kind of spring maize entire mechanization of the present invention is precisely lost weight synergy cultural method, and sowing and fertilizing method are
After soil thaws, soil moisture conservation is suppressed into the plot after step 1 site preparation, precision drilling is used after 5cm topsoil reaches certain temperature
Machine sowing kind, 6~8km/h of speed of drilling, depth of planting are 3~5cm after suppression, and planting density is that precocious resistance to dense planting kind is kept a full stand of seedings strain
Number is 7.5~80,000 plants/hm2, in the kind strain number of keeping a full stand of seedings of ripe more resistance to dense planting should be 6.5~7.5 ten thousand plants/hm2, it is late-maturing intolerant to dense planting
Kind keeps a full stand of seedings strain number for 6~6.5 ten thousand plants/hm2, after planting according to available nutrient of soil testing result in step 1, in different growths
Stage unmanned plane or aircraft spray fertilizer 1~2 time.
A kind of spring maize entire mechanization of the present invention is precisely lost weight synergy cultural method, in 5cm in type of seeding
Topsoil temperature stabilization starts to sow by Flint corn at 5 DEG C, and 5cm topsoil temperature stabilization is opened by dent corn at 7 DEG C
Begin to sow, control soil moisture content Baijiang soil 28% is hereinafter, control soil moisture content black earth 30% hereinafter, normal temperature condition
Date of seeding be annual 20~May 10 April, the precision planter includes German Glan, the odd difficult to understand, beauty of Italian Maas
Brands, the planting types such as state Man Sheng, U.S.'s John deer, French library grace use large-ridge double-row mode or micro-ridge uniline mode, often
Distance is 55~65cm between the seedling band of two, ridge；Fertilizing method is that the ratio of seed manure and top dressing nitrogen is 3:7, and the ratio of potash fertilizer is 5:
5, phosphate fertilizer does seed manure and disposably applies；Jointing stage spraying operation solution includes urea 6.75kg/hm before corn seals ridge2, sulfuric acid
6~7.5kg/hm of zinc2, the micro- yield increasing fungus 1500ml/hm of benefit2, 225~300kg/hm of water2；Big bell mouth stage spraying operation solution
Including urea 5.25kg/hm2, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 1.5kg/hm2, 1500~2500ml/hm of 2.5wt% decis2, water 225~
300kg/hm2；Pustulation period spraying operation solution includes 2.25~3kg/hm of humic acid foliar fertilizer or potassium dihydrogen phosphate2。
A kind of spring maize entire mechanization of the present invention is precisely lost weight synergy cultural method, field management method be
Corn 0~1 opens up 1 subsoiling of leaf opened setate progress, heats, preserves soil moisture, loosening the soil, weed eradication operation；Leaf opened setate progress 1 time is opened up in corn 2~3
Intertill weed eradication operation；For corn when the 6th leaf is fully deployed, plant height carries out lodging management when being more than 70cm；It is unfolded in corn 8~10
The leaf phase carries out 1 intertillage topdressing operation；Meanwhile after emergence of corn, by agricultural unmanned plane combination multispectral camera every 10
It is monitored corn growing way within~15 days.
A kind of spring maize entire mechanization of the present invention is precisely lost weight synergy cultural method, is gone out in field management method
Careless operation includes weeding and corn postemergence weed control before after planting maize seedling: weeding herbicide is molten before the after planting maize seedling
Liquid is 1.65~35L/hm296wt% Jin Douer, 30~40g/hm2The 75% grand wettable powder or described of thiophene phenol sulphur
After planting weeding herbicide solution is 20~40g/hm before maize seedling275wt% thiophene phenol sulphur precititation dispersible granule in add
The 90wt% acetochlor ec of 1600~2000ml or the 96wt% S-metolachlor missible oil of 1500~2000ml, spraying machine
Teejet110 ° of angle spray head of high standard is used when operation, spouting liquid is greater than 200L/hm2, 6~8km/h of operating speed, when operation day
Gas bar part is that wind speed is less than 4m/s, and air humidity is greater than 65%, and temperature is lower than 27 DEG C.
A kind of spring maize entire mechanization of the present invention is precisely lost weight synergy cultural method, is gone out in field management method
Careless operation includes after planting weeding and corn postemergence weed control before maize seedling: after the maize seedling weeding herbicide solution be
3~5 leaf phase of corn after seedling, 550g/L nitre sulphur, 1500~1800ml/hm of atrazine suspending agent2；3~6 leaf phase of corn after seedling,
8~10g/hm of effective component2Thiophene phenol sulphur is grand, is administered in 2~4 leaf phase of broadleaf weeds；3~10 leaf phase of corn after seedling, 75~
100ml/hm230wt% topramezone suspending agent, 1050g/hm290% atrazine water dispersible granule.
A kind of spring maize entire mechanization of the present invention is precisely lost weight synergy cultural method, seed treatment side before sowing
Before method is sowing, after basking seeds 2~3 days, after being dressed seed with seed coat agent, obtained seed, seed coat agent seed dressing method are as follows: subterranean pest-insect danger
The seed coat agent seed dressing containing imidacloprid is selected in the serious plot of evil；Prevent and treat maize head smut, by 100kg seed with 400~
Water 1.6L processing is added in the good fortune of defending that the concentration of 500ml is 40wt%, or with the more grams of good fortune kinds that the concentration of 1.5~2.0L is 35wt%
Clothing agent is coated；Causal Organism of Maize Basal Stalk is prevented and treated, with the concentration of 150~200ml is 2.5wt% when fitting happy by 100kg seed
It is handled, or the Man Shijin suspension seed-coating agent for being 3.5wt% with the concentration of 150~200ml is handled.
A kind of spring maize entire mechanization of the present invention is precisely lost weight synergy cultural method, and pest control method includes
Integrated control and disease control, the disease control include the prevention and treatment of the leaf blight of corn, the prevention and treatment of corn bacterial stem rot,
The prevention and treatment of Ustilago maydis, the prevention and treatment of maize kernel rot.
A kind of spring maize entire mechanization of the present invention is precisely lost weight synergy cultural method, method for integrated control packet
Include: seedling stage is with 400~450ml/hm of 10wt% imidacloprid2Prevent and treat seedling stage pest；Horn mouth is efficient with 2.5wt% to male initial stage is taken out
Lambda-cyhalothrin aqueous emulsion 300ml/hm2With 10% imidacloprid 400ml/hm2Or 70wt% imidacloprid 30g/hm2Prevent and treat corn borer
With aphid, industry is turned into using Aircraft；The leaf blight of corn prevention and treatment is in the corn lobus cardiacus phase to tasseling stage or early stage
Spray 400g/L Flusilazole 37.5ml/hm2Or 25wt% propiconazole emulsifiable concentrate 500ml/hm2Or 250g/L pyraclostrobin
Missible oil 450ml/hm2, primary every spray in 10 days；The leaf opened setate is opened up to susceptible variety 9~10 to prevent in advance, continuously sprays 2 according to the state of an illness
Secondary~3 times, medicament rotation uses；
The corn bacterial stem rot prevention and treatment is the rainy time in corn trumpet period sprinkling 25wt% Yekuling, or
One of the auspicious malicious copper of 20wt% phenazine oxide wettable powder mixing 60wt%, auspicious malicious aluminum bronze, 58wt% metalaxyl, spray after the onset
4000 times of liquid of agricultural streptomycin sulphate are spilt to spray；
The maize kernel rot prevention and treatment is heading stage 50wt% carbendazol wettable powder or 50wt% methyl Tobe
1000 times of liquid of saliva wettable powder are sprayed 750kg/hm2, emphasis sprays fruit ear and lower part cauline leaf, every spray in 7 days 1 time；Early stage,
750~1125ml/hm of 5wt% jinggangmeisu aqua is sprayed to fringe portion2, it is watered 1125~1500kg/hm2, or with the more bacterium of 50wt%
1500 times of 700~800 times of liquid of clever suspending agent, 50wt% benomyl wettable powder liquid spray, and prevent and treat 1~2 time depending on the state of an illness.
A kind of spring maize entire mechanization of the present invention is precisely lost weight synergy cultural method, and acquisition harvesting method is to adopt
With threshing is dried after mechanical harvesting fruit ear, Grain water takes stick under machinery at 28%~32% after corn is mature, dries seed
Grain moisture is lower than 20%~25% threshing.
A kind of spring maize entire mechanization of the present invention is precisely lost weight synergy cultural method, the big Lima Si Qiao of purpose
Stubble cleaner handles straw stubble, agrees five reversed plows with German thunder and stalk is ploughed deeply returning to the field.
A kind of spring maize entire mechanization of the present invention is precisely lost weight synergy cultural method, the agricultural unmanned plane
Model flying platform: DJI M600PRO, the model MicaSense RedEdge TM of multispectral camera
3Multispectral Camera。
Beneficial effects of the present invention are as follows:
A kind of spring maize entire mechanization of the present invention is precisely lost weight synergy cultural method, the agricultural unmanned plane of site preparation
Exposed soil image data is obtained in conjunction with multispectral camera, is to carry out infrared scan to trial zone exposed soil to obtain remote sensing image data, root
Farmland Precision management subregion is carried out according to image data, then the field sample detection available nutrient of soil, and according to different subregions
Soil nutrient difference carries out fertilizer science formula, can reduce fertilizers input.
A kind of spring maize entire mechanization of the present invention is precisely lost weight synergy cultural method, and large-scale agricultural machinery operation is passed through
Straw-returning and site preparation quality are improved, by after planting in different stages of growth spray fertilizer machinery, unmanned plane or aerial spray
The corn of fertilizer formula and fertilizer formulation development that science adjusts starts fertilizer, improves emergence quality, has done sth. in advance jointing and has taken out hero,
Improve yield, cost-saving synergistic.
A kind of spring maize entire mechanization of the present invention is precisely lost weight synergy cultural method, using precision drilling machine sowing
The jointing stage, spraying operation realized seed manure with broadcasting per acre before kind technology combination corn envelope ridge, and precision point sowing technology reduces application rate
20%-30% realizes seed manure isolation, avoids the generation for burning kind of burn seedlings phenomenon, improves emergence quality and strain number of keeping a full stand of seedings, mentions
High fertilizer utilization efficiency, 20% or more weight-reducing improve that corn is disease-resistant pest-resistant and lodging tolerance.
A kind of spring maize entire mechanization of the present invention is precisely lost weight synergy cultural method, nitrogenous fertilizer and potassium when fertilising
Fertilizer moves back, and fertilizing method is that the ratio of seed manure and top dressing nitrogen is 3:7, and the ratio of potash fertilizer is 5:5, and phosphate fertilizer does seed manure and disposably applies
Enter；NK, which is moved back, can promote root development, shorten the nutrient growth time, take out hero ahead of time, after increasing reproductive stage and spending
Photosynthesis time, and then promote accumulation of seed's dry matter, improve corn yield and quality.
A kind of spring maize entire mechanization of the present invention is precisely lost weight synergy cultural method, is combined with agricultural unmanned plane
Multispectral camera monitors corn growing way, can understand corn nourishment situation in time and carry out nutrient management.
A kind of spring maize entire mechanization of the present invention is precisely lost weight synergy cultural method, by big mechanical site preparation,
Reasonable sowing, the fertilising of science, can be improved 95% or more corn survival rate of seedlings, reduce sowing and dose 20%~30%,
The synthesis wilfully force of labor 20kg/ or more for improving fertilizer, improves yield 10%~20%, 1500~4500 yuan/hectare of cost-saving synergistic.
Detailed description of the invention
Fig. 1 is that a kind of spring maize entire mechanization described in specific embodiment one is precisely lost weight the jade of synergy cultural method
Rice emergence growth comparison photo；
Fig. 2 is that a kind of spring maize entire mechanization described in specific embodiment one is precisely lost weight the jade of synergy cultural method
The fertile contrast of seedling stage photo of rice；
Fig. 3 is that a kind of spring maize entire mechanization described in specific embodiment one is precisely lost weight the jade of synergy cultural method
Rice jointing growth comparison photo；
Fig. 4 is that a kind of spring maize entire mechanization described in specific embodiment one is precisely lost weight the jade of synergy cultural method
Meter Sui Wei compares photo.
Specific embodiment
Specific embodiment 1:
A kind of spring maize entire mechanization is precisely lost weight synergy cultural method, is included the following steps:
Step 1, site preparation: handling stalk with stubble cleaner after autumn corn joint threshing harvester harvesting corn, then deep
Dig 30~40cm of earth, harrows thin leveling with combined soil preparing machine, plays micro-ridge or big ridge, then combine multispectral phase with agricultural unmanned plane
Machine obtains exposed soil image data, carries out the field sample detection available nutrient of soil after accurate subregion, completes site preparation；
Step 2, seed treatment: before spring sowing, after basking seeds 2 days, after being dressed seed with seed coat agent, obtained seed is stand-by；
Step 3, sowing and fertilising: after 3 the end of month soil thaw, soil moisture conservation is suppressed into the plot after step 1 site preparation, to 5cm
Topsoil is sowed after reaching certain temperature using precision planter, speed of drilling 6km/h, and depth of planting is 3~5cm after suppression, kind
Density in planting is that precocious resistance to dense planting kind strain number of keeping a full stand of seedings is 7.5~80,000 plants/hm2, after planting according to the available nutrient of soil in step 1
Testing result, in different stages of growth unmanned plane or aircraft spray fertilizer 1~2 time；
Step 4, field management: the leaf opened setate is opened up in corn 0~1 and carries out 1 subsoiling, heat, preserve soil moisture, loosen the soil, weed eradication operation；
Leaf opened setate 1 intertillage weed eradication operation of progress is opened up in corn 2~3；Corn when the 6th leaf is fully deployed, when plant height is more than 70cm into
Row lodging management；1 intertillage topdressing operation of leaf opened setate progress is opened up in corn 8~10；Meanwhile after emergence of corn, by agricultural
Unmanned plane combination multispectral camera was monitored corn growing way every 10~15 days；
Step 5, insect pest preventing and controlling: including integrated control and disease control, the disease control includes the leaf blight of corn
Prevention and treatment, the prevention and treatment of corn bacterial stem rot, the prevention and treatment of Ustilago maydis, the prevention and treatment of maize kernel rot；
Step 6, acquisition harvest: using drying threshing after mechanical harvesting fruit ear, after corn is mature Grain water 28~
When 32%, stick under machinery is taken, sunning Grain water is lower than 20%~25% threshing, and the lower confidential band bed plate crushing straw of stick is quasi-
Standby straw-returning.
A kind of spring maize entire mechanization described in present embodiment is precisely lost weight synergy cultural method, stalk in step 1
Length is less than 10cm and uniform fold earth's surface after processing, and stalk is uniformly mixed in deeply between the soil layer of 0~35cm after soil deep tillage,
The breadth of micro-ridge is 55~65cm, and the breadth on big ridge is 110~130cm.
A kind of spring maize entire mechanization described in present embodiment is precisely lost weight synergy cultural method, purpose in step 1
Big Lima Si Qiao stubble cleaner handles stalk, agrees five reversed plows for soil deep tillage with German thunder.
A kind of spring maize entire mechanization described in present embodiment is precisely lost weight synergy cultural method, plants clothing in step 2
Agent seed dressing method are as follows: subterranean pest-insect endangers serious plot, selects the seed coat agent seed dressing containing imidacloprid；Prevent and treat maize head dust-brand
100kg seed is coated by disease with the more grams of good fortune seed coat agents that the concentration of 1.5~2.0L is 35wt%；Prevent and treat corn brown foot rot
100kg seed with the concentration of 150~200ml is handling when fitting happy for 2.5wt% by disease, or dense with 150~200ml
Degree is that the Man Shijin suspension seed-coating agent of 3.5wt% is handled.
A kind of spring maize entire mechanization described in present embodiment is precisely lost weight synergy cultural method, in 5cm in step 3
Topsoil temperature stabilization starts to sow by Flint corn at 5 DEG C, and 5cm topsoil temperature stabilization is opened by dent corn at 7 DEG C
Begin to sow, control soil moisture content Baijiang soil 28% is hereinafter, control soil moisture content black earth 30% hereinafter, normal temperature condition
Date of seeding be annual April 20, the precision planter includes Glan, llanura, Maas odd Austria, Man Sheng, Ku En, is cultivated
Mode uses large-ridge double-row mode or micro-ridge uniline mode, and distance is 55~65cm between the seedling band of two, every ridge.
A kind of spring maize entire mechanization described in present embodiment is precisely lost weight synergy cultural method, is applied fertilizer in step 3
Method is that jointing stage spraying operation solution includes urea 6.75kg/hm before corn seals ridge2, 6~7.5kg/hm of zinc sulfate2, benefit it is micro-
Yield increasing fungus 1500ml/hm2, 225~300kg/hm of water2；Big bell mouth stage spraying operation solution includes urea 5.25kg/hm2、
Potassium dihydrogen phosphate 1.5kg/hm2, 1500~2500ml/hm of 2.5wt% decis2, 225~300kg/hm of water2；Pustulation period is spraying
Operation solution includes 2.25~3kg/hm of humic acid foliar fertilizer or potassium dihydrogen phosphate2。
A kind of spring maize entire mechanization described in present embodiment is precisely lost weight synergy cultural method, weed eradication in step 4
Operation includes weeding and corn postemergence weed control before after planting maize seedling: weeding herbicide solution before the after planting maize seedling
For 1.65~35L/hm296wt% Jin Douer, 30g~40g/hm2The 75% grand wettable powder of thiophene phenol sulphur, spraying machine operation
Teejet110 ° of angle spray head of Shi Caiyong high standard, spouting liquid are greater than 200L/hm2, 6~8km/h of operating speed, day gas bar when operation
Part is that wind speed is less than 4m/s, and air humidity is greater than 65%, and temperature is lower than 27 DEG C.
A kind of spring maize entire mechanization described in present embodiment is precisely lost weight synergy cultural method, weed eradication in step 4
Operation includes weeding and corn postemergence weed control before after planting maize seedling: weeding herbicide solution is in seedling after the maize seedling
3~5 leaf phase of corn afterwards, 550g/L nitre sulphur, 1500~1800ml/hm of atrazine suspending agent2；3~6 leaf phase of corn, has after seedling
Imitate 8~10g/hm of ingredient2Thiophene phenol sulphur is grand, is administered in 2~4 leaf phase of broadleaf weeds；3~10 leaf phase of corn, 75~100ml/ after seedling
hm230wt% topramezone suspending agent, 1050g/hm290% atrazine water dispersible granule.
A kind of spring maize entire mechanization described in present embodiment is precisely lost weight synergy cultural method, comprehensive in step 5
Control method includes: seedling stage with 400~450ml/hm of 10wt% imidacloprid2Prevent and treat seedling stage pest；Horn mouth is used to male initial stage is taken out
2.5wt% gamma cyhalothrin aqueous emulsion 300ml/hm2With 10% imidacloprid 400ml/hm2Or 70wt% imidacloprid 30g/
hm2Corn borer and aphid are prevented and treated, industry is turned into using Aircraft.
A kind of spring maize entire mechanization described in present embodiment is precisely lost weight synergy cultural method, described in step 5
The leaf blight of corn prevention and treatment for the corn lobus cardiacus phase to tasseling stage or early stage sprinkling 400g/L Flusilazole 37.5ml/
hm2, primary every spray in 10 days；The leaf opened setate is opened up to susceptible variety 9~10 to prevent in advance, is continuously sprayed according to the state of an illness 2 times~3 times, medicine
Agent rotation uses；
The corn bacterial stem rot prevention and treatment sprays 20wt% phenazine oxide in corn trumpet period for the rainy time can
Wet powder mixes one of the auspicious malicious copper of 60wt%, auspicious malicious aluminum bronze, 58wt% metalaxyl, sprays agricultural sulfuric acid strepto- after the onset
Plain 4000 times of liquid spray；
The maize kernel rot prevention and treatment is that heading stage is spraying with 1000 times of liquid of 50wt% thiophanate methyl wettable powder
750kg/hm2, emphasis sprays fruit ear and lower part cauline leaf, every spray in 7 days 1 time；Early stage sprays 5wt% jinggangmeisu to fringe portion
750~1125ml/hm of aqua2, it is watered 1125~1500kg/hm2, or with 700~800 times of liquid of 50wt% carbendazim suspending agent,
1500 times of liquid of 50wt% benomyl wettable powder spray, and prevent and treat 1~2 time depending on the state of an illness.
A kind of spring maize entire mechanization described in present embodiment is precisely lost weight synergy cultural method, the agricultural nothing
Man-machine model flying platform: DJI M600PRO, the model MicaSense RedEdge TM of multispectral camera
3Multispectral Camera。
A kind of spring maize entire mechanization described in present embodiment is precisely lost weight synergy cultural method, and the corn of plantation goes out
Seedling grows each process and comparative example compares, and comparative example carries out the plantation of corn using traditional cultivation method.Traditional mode of production
Corn stover seldom ploughs deeply returning to the field, mainly rotary tillage soil-working (15-20cm), and straw-returning effect is poor, and site preparation quality is coarse, unfavorable
Course of Corn Seed Germination, dose is big, and the ratio of seed manure and top dressing nitrogen is 6:4 or 7:3, and phosphorus potash fertilizer is all done seed manure and disposably applied
Enter, root development is poor, and nutrient growth is excessively prosperous, easily lodges, and takes out male evening time, spends the rear photosynthetic time few, it is dry to be unfavorable for seed
Substance accumulation, low output, poor quality.
A kind of spring maize entire mechanization described in present embodiment is precisely lost weight synergy cultural method, and Fig. 1 is described
A kind of spring maize entire mechanization is precisely lost weight the emergence of corn growth comparison photo of synergy cultural method, can from Fig. 1
Out, the emergence of corn morning of present embodiment plantation and out full stand.
A kind of spring maize entire mechanization described in present embodiment is precisely lost weight synergy cultural method, and Fig. 2 is specific real
A kind of spring maize entire mechanization described in mode one is applied precisely to lose weight the corn fertilizer contrast of seedling stage photo of synergy cultural method；From
, it can be seen that the maize root system of present embodiment plantation is more flourishing in Fig. 2, corn robust seedling.The indices pair of Maize at Seedling Stage
Than as shown in table 1, the root index comparison that corn starts fertile seedling stage is as shown in table 2:
1 Maize at Seedling Stage contrast table of table
Sample standard n=20；
2 maize root system index contrast table of table
Sample standard n=10；
, it can be seen that the maize root system of present embodiment plantation is more flourishing from Tables 1 and 2, maize seedling is more sturdy.
A kind of spring maize entire mechanization described in present embodiment is precisely lost weight synergy cultural method, and Fig. 3 is described
A kind of spring maize entire mechanization is precisely lost weight the corn jointing growth comparison photo of synergy cultural method；Fig. 4 is described one
Kind of spring maize entire mechanization is precisely lost weight the corncob position comparison photo of synergy cultural method., it can be seen that this reality from Fig. 3
Apply a kind of spring maize entire mechanization described in mode precisely lose weight the plantation of synergy cultural method the corn jointing stage earlier than comparison
Example, the corncob that synergy cultural method is planted, it can be seen that a kind of spring maize entire mechanization is precisely lost weight from Fig. 4
Position is lower than comparative example, and being more advantageous to prevents from lodging.
A kind of precisely the lose weight corn of synergy cultural method plantation of spring maize entire mechanization described in present embodiment produces
Amount comparison is as shown in table 3:
3 corn yield contrast table (moisture content 14%) of table
The synergy cultivation, it can be seen that a kind of spring maize entire mechanization described in present embodiment is precisely lost weight from table 3
The corn of method plantation, volume increase 19.4%.
Specific embodiment 2:
A kind of spring maize entire mechanization is precisely lost weight synergy cultural method, is included the following steps:
Step 1, site preparation: handling stalk with stubble cleaner after autumn corn joint threshing harvester harvesting corn, then deep
Dig 30~40cm of earth, harrows thin leveling with combined soil preparing machine, plays micro-ridge or big ridge, then combine multispectral phase with agricultural unmanned plane
Machine obtains exposed soil image data, carries out the field sample detection available nutrient of soil after accurate subregion, completes site preparation；
Step 2, seed treatment: before spring sowing, after basking seeds 2~3 days, after being dressed seed with seed coat agent, obtained seed is stand-by；
Step 3, sowing and fertilising: after 3 the end of month soil thaw, soil moisture conservation is suppressed into the plot after step 1 site preparation, to 5cm
Topsoil, which reaches, to be sowed using precision planter after certain temperature, speed of drilling 6km~8km/h, and depth of planting is 3 after suppression~
5cm, planting density are that precocious resistance to dense planting kind strain number of keeping a full stand of seedings is 7.5~80,000 plants/hm2, in the kind of ripe more resistance to dense planting keep a full stand of seedings strain
Number should be 6.5~7.5 ten thousand plants/hm2, it is late-maturing intolerant to dense planting kind keep a full stand of seedings strain number be 6~6.5 ten thousand plants/hm2, after planting according to step
Available nutrient of soil testing result in 1, in different stages of growth unmanned plane or aircraft spray fertilizer 1~2 time；
Step 4, field management: the leaf opened setate is opened up in corn 0~1 and carries out 1 subsoiling, heat, preserve soil moisture, loosen the soil, weed eradication operation；
Leaf opened setate 1 intertillage weed eradication operation of progress is opened up in corn 2~3；Corn when the 6th leaf is fully deployed, when plant height is more than 70cm into
Row lodging management；1 intertillage topdressing operation of leaf opened setate progress is opened up in corn 8~10；Meanwhile after emergence of corn, by agricultural
Unmanned plane combination multispectral camera was monitored corn growing way every 10~15 days；
Step 5, insect pest preventing and controlling: including integrated control and disease control, the disease control includes the leaf blight of corn
Prevention and treatment, the prevention and treatment of corn bacterial stem rot, the prevention and treatment of Ustilago maydis, the prevention and treatment of maize kernel rot；
Step 6, acquisition harvest: using drying threshing after mechanical harvesting fruit ear, after corn is mature Grain water 28%~
When 32%, stick under machinery is taken, sunning Grain water is lower than 20%~25% threshing, and the lower confidential band bed plate crushing straw of stick is quasi-
Standby straw-returning.
A kind of spring maize entire mechanization described in present embodiment is precisely lost weight synergy cultural method, stalk in step 1
Length is less than 10cm and uniform fold earth's surface after processing, and stalk is uniformly mixed in deeply between the soil layer of 0~35cm after soil deep tillage,
The breadth of micro-ridge is 55~65cm, and the breadth on big ridge is 110~130cm.
A kind of spring maize entire mechanization described in present embodiment is precisely lost weight synergy cultural method, purpose in step 1
Big Lima Si Qiao stubble cleaner handles stalk, agrees five reversed plows for soil deep tillage with German thunder.
A kind of spring maize entire mechanization described in present embodiment is precisely lost weight synergy cultural method, plants clothing in step 2
Agent seed dressing method are as follows: subterranean pest-insect endangers serious plot, selects the seed coat agent seed dressing containing imidacloprid；Prevent and treat maize head dust-brand
Water 1.6L processing is added with the good fortune of defending that the concentration of 400l~500ml is 40wt% in 100kg seed by disease；Prevent and treat corn brown foot rot
100kg seed with the concentration of 150~200ml is handling when fitting happy for 2.5wt% by disease.
A kind of spring maize entire mechanization described in present embodiment is precisely lost weight synergy cultural method, in 5cm in step 3
Topsoil temperature stabilization starts to sow by Flint corn at 5 DEG C, and 5cm topsoil temperature stabilization is opened by dent corn at 7 DEG C
Begin to sow, control soil moisture content Baijiang soil 28% is hereinafter, control soil moisture content black earth 30% hereinafter, normal temperature condition
Date of seeding be annual 20~May 10 April, the precision planter include Glan, llanura, the odd Austria of Maas, Man Sheng,
Ku En, planting type use large-ridge double-row mode or micro-ridge uniline mode, and distance is 55~65cm between the seedling band of two, every ridge.
A kind of spring maize entire mechanization described in present embodiment is precisely lost weight synergy cultural method, is applied fertilizer in step 3
Method is that jointing stage spraying operation solution includes urea 6.75kg/hm before corn seals ridge2, 6~7.5kg/hm of zinc sulfate2, benefit it is micro-
Yield increasing fungus 1500ml/hm2, 225~300kg/hm of water2；Big bell mouth stage spraying operation solution includes urea 5.25kg/hm2、
Potassium dihydrogen phosphate 1.5kg/hm2, 1500~2500ml/hm of 2.5wt% decis2, 225~300kg/hm of water2；Pustulation period is spraying
Operation solution includes 2.25~3kg/hm of humic acid foliar fertilizer or potassium dihydrogen phosphate2。
A kind of spring maize entire mechanization described in present embodiment is precisely lost weight synergy cultural method, weed eradication in step 4
Operation includes weeding and corn postemergence weed control before after planting maize seedling: weeding herbicide solution before the after planting maize seedling
It is 20~40g/hm for weeding herbicide solution before the after planting maize seedling275wt% thiophene phenol sulphur precititation dispersible granule
The 96wt% S-metolachlor missible oil that 1500~2000ml is added in agent, uses Teejet110 ° of high standard by spraying when machine operation
Angle spray head, spouting liquid are greater than 200L/hm2, 6~8km/h of operating speed, weather condition is that wind speed is less than 4m/s, air when operation
Humidity is greater than 65%, and temperature is lower than 27 DEG C.
A kind of spring maize entire mechanization described in present embodiment is precisely lost weight synergy cultural method, weed eradication in step 4
Operation includes weeding and corn postemergence weed control before after planting maize seedling: weeding herbicide solution is in seedling after the maize seedling
3~5 leaf phase of corn afterwards, 550g/L nitre sulphur, 1500~1800ml/hm of atrazine suspending agent2；3~6 leaf phase of corn, has after seedling
Imitate 8~10g/hm of ingredient2Thiophene phenol sulphur is grand, is administered in 2~4 leaf phase of broadleaf weeds；3~10 leaf phase of corn, 75~100ml/ after seedling
hm230wt% topramezone suspending agent, 1050g/hm290% atrazine water dispersible granule.
A kind of spring maize entire mechanization described in present embodiment is precisely lost weight synergy cultural method, comprehensive in step 5
Control method includes: seedling stage with 400~450ml/hm of 10wt% imidacloprid2Prevent and treat seedling stage pest；Horn mouth is used to male initial stage is taken out
2.5wt% gamma cyhalothrin aqueous emulsion 300ml/hm2With 10% imidacloprid 400ml/hm2Or 70wt% imidacloprid 30g/
hm2Corn borer and aphid are prevented and treated, industry is turned into using Aircraft.
A kind of spring maize entire mechanization described in present embodiment is precisely lost weight synergy cultural method, described in step 5
The leaf blight of corn prevention and treatment for the corn lobus cardiacus phase to tasseling stage or early stage sprinkling 400g/L Flusilazole 37.5ml/
hm2, primary every spray in 10 days；The leaf opened setate is opened up to susceptible variety 9~10 to prevent in advance, is continuously sprayed according to the state of an illness 2 times~3 times, medicine
Agent rotation uses；
The corn bacterial stem rot prevention and treatment is the rainy time in corn trumpet period sprinkling 25wt% Yekuling, hair
4000 times of liquid of agricultural streptomycin sulphate are sprayed after being ill to spray；
The maize kernel rot prevention and treatment is heading stage 50wt% carbendazol wettable powder or 50wt% methyl Tobe
1000 times of liquid of saliva wettable powder are sprayed 750kg/hm2, emphasis sprays fruit ear and lower part cauline leaf, every spray in 7 days 1 time；Early stage,
750~1125ml/hm of 5wt% jinggangmeisu aqua is sprayed to fringe portion2, it is watered 1125~1500kg/hm2, or with the more bacterium of 50wt%
1500 times of 700~800 times of liquid of clever suspending agent, 50wt% benomyl wettable powder liquid spray, and prevent and treat 1~2 time depending on the state of an illness.
A kind of spring maize entire mechanization described in present embodiment is precisely lost weight synergy cultural method, the agricultural nothing
Man-machine model flying platform: DJI M600PRO, the model MicaSense RedEdge TM of multispectral camera
3Multispectral Camera。
A kind of spring maize entire mechanization described in present embodiment is precisely lost weight synergy cultural method, according to soil measurement formula
Fertilising (soil nutrient content is in conjunction with empiric fertilization) determines the usage amount of N P and K and micro- fertilizer.It is divided according to snow change, nitrogen phosphorus
Potash fertilizer recommends amount of application to be shown in Table 4:
4 recommendation amount of application of table
A kind of spring maize entire mechanization described in present embodiment is precisely lost weight synergy cultural method, and it is deep that seed manure is layered side
It applies, is applied at 5~7cm of the side of the seed, 8~10cm under seed side.Nitrogenous fertilizer in seed manure accounts for the 30%~40% of total amount, phosphate fertilizer
100% is accounted for, potash fertilizer accounts for 50%~60%.
A kind of spring maize entire mechanization described in present embodiment is precisely lost weight synergy cultural method, and corn 6~10
The leaf opened setate is opened up, is chased after in conjunction with intertillage in furrow 10~15cm of depth, amount of application is the 60%~70% of nitrogen fertilizer amount；Potash fertilizer 40%~
50%；The soil that returns when by envelope ridge buries fertilizer, does not train high ridge, and fertilizer efficiency fruit is buried in guarantee.
A kind of spring maize entire mechanization described in present embodiment is precisely lost weight synergy cultural method, and the corn of plantation produces
Amount comparison is as shown in table 5:
5 corn yield contrast table (moisture content 14%) of table
The synergy cultivation, it can be seen that a kind of spring maize entire mechanization described in present embodiment is precisely lost weight from table 5
The corn of method plantation, volume increase 16.1%.
Specific embodiment 3:
A kind of spring maize entire mechanization is precisely lost weight synergy cultural method, is included the following steps:
Step 1, site preparation: handling stalk with stubble cleaner after autumn corn joint threshing harvester harvesting corn, then deep
Dig 30~40cm of earth, harrows thin leveling with combined soil preparing machine, plays micro-ridge or big ridge, then combine multispectral phase with agricultural unmanned plane
Machine obtains exposed soil image data, carries out the field sample detection available nutrient of soil after accurate subregion, completes site preparation；
Step 2, seed treatment: before spring sowing, after basking seeds 2~3 days, after being dressed seed with seed coat agent, obtained seed is stand-by；
Step 3, sowing and fertilising: after 3 the end of month soil thaw, soil moisture conservation is suppressed into the plot after step 1 site preparation, to 5cm
Topsoil, which reaches, to be sowed using precision planter after certain temperature, speed of drilling 6km~8km/h, and depth of planting is 3 after suppression~
5cm, planting density are that precocious resistance to dense planting kind strain number of keeping a full stand of seedings is 7.5~80,000 plants/hm2, in the kind of ripe more resistance to dense planting keep a full stand of seedings strain
Number should be 6.5~7.5 ten thousand plants/hm2, it is late-maturing intolerant to dense planting kind keep a full stand of seedings strain number be 6~6.5 ten thousand plants/hm2, after planting according to step
Available nutrient of soil testing result in 1, in different stages of growth unmanned plane or aircraft spray fertilizer 1~2 time；
Step 4, field management: the leaf opened setate is opened up in corn 0~1 and carries out 1 subsoiling, heat, preserve soil moisture, loosen the soil, weed eradication operation；
Leaf opened setate 1 intertillage weed eradication operation of progress is opened up in corn 2~3；Corn when the 6th leaf is fully deployed, when plant height is more than 70cm into
Row lodging management；1 intertillage topdressing operation of leaf opened setate progress is opened up in corn 8~10；Meanwhile after emergence of corn, by agricultural
Unmanned plane combination multispectral camera was monitored corn growing way every 10~15 days；
Step 5, insect pest preventing and controlling: including integrated control and disease control, the disease control includes the leaf blight of corn
Prevention and treatment, the prevention and treatment of corn bacterial stem rot, the prevention and treatment of Ustilago maydis, the prevention and treatment of maize kernel rot；
Step 6, acquisition harvest: when corn content is 28%~32%, threshing is received using straight, crushes and sheds straw
Stalk.
A kind of spring maize entire mechanization described in present embodiment is precisely lost weight synergy cultural method, stalk in step 1
Length is less than 10cm and uniform fold earth's surface after processing, and stalk is uniformly mixed in deeply between the soil layer of 0~35cm after soil deep tillage,
The breadth of micro-ridge is 55~65cm, and the breadth on big ridge is 110~130cm.
A kind of spring maize entire mechanization described in present embodiment is precisely lost weight synergy cultural method, purpose in step 1
Big Lima Si Qiao stubble cleaner handles stalk, agrees five reversed plows for soil deep tillage with German thunder.
A kind of spring maize entire mechanization described in present embodiment is precisely lost weight synergy cultural method, plants clothing in step 2
Agent seed dressing method are as follows: subterranean pest-insect endangers serious plot, selects the seed coat agent seed dressing containing imidacloprid；Prevent and treat maize head dust-brand
100kg seed is coated by disease with the more grams of good fortune seed coat agents that the concentration of 1.5L~2.0L is 35wt%；Prevent and treat corn brown foot rot
Disease handles 100kg seed with the Man Shijin suspension seed-coating agent that the concentration that 150ml~200ml is added is 3.5wt%.
A kind of spring maize entire mechanization described in present embodiment is precisely lost weight synergy cultural method, in 5cm in step 3
Topsoil temperature stabilization starts to sow by Flint corn at 5 DEG C, and 5cm topsoil temperature stabilization is opened by dent corn at 7 DEG C
Begin to sow, control soil moisture content Baijiang soil 28% is hereinafter, control soil moisture content black earth 30% hereinafter, normal temperature condition
Date of seeding be annual 20~May 10 April, the precision planter include Glan, llanura, the odd Austria of Maas, Man Sheng,
Ku En, planting type use large-ridge double-row mode or micro-ridge uniline mode, and distance is 55~65cm between the seedling band of two, every ridge.
A kind of spring maize entire mechanization described in present embodiment is precisely lost weight synergy cultural method, is applied fertilizer in step 3
Method is that jointing stage spraying operation solution includes urea 6.75kg/hm before corn seals ridge2, 6~7.5kg/hm of zinc sulfate2, benefit it is micro-
Yield increasing fungus 1500ml/hm2, 225~300kg/hm of water2；Big bell mouth stage spraying operation solution includes urea 5.25kg/hm2、
Potassium dihydrogen phosphate 1.5kg/hm2, 1500~2500ml/hm of 2.5wt% decis2, 225~300kg/hm of water2；Pustulation period is spraying
Operation solution includes 2.25~3kg/hm of humic acid foliar fertilizer or potassium dihydrogen phosphate2。
A kind of spring maize entire mechanization described in present embodiment is precisely lost weight synergy cultural method, weed eradication in step 4
Operation includes weeding and corn postemergence weed control before after planting maize seedling: weeding herbicide solution before the after planting maize seedling
For 20~40g/hm275wt% thiophene phenol sulphur precititation dispersible granule in add 1600~2000ml 90wt% acetochlor ec
Or the 96wt% S-metolachlor missible oil of 1500~2000ml, by spraying using Teejet110 ° of angle spray of high standard when machine operation
Head, spouting liquid are greater than 200L/hm2, 6~8km/h of operating speed, weather condition is that wind speed is less than 4m/s, air humidity when operation
Greater than 65%, temperature is lower than 27 DEG C.
A kind of spring maize entire mechanization described in present embodiment is precisely lost weight synergy cultural method, weed eradication in step 4
Operation includes weeding and corn postemergence weed control before after planting maize seedling: weeding herbicide solution is in seedling after the maize seedling
3~5 leaf phase of corn afterwards, 550g/L nitre sulphur, 1500~1800ml/hm of atrazine suspending agent2；3~6 leaf phase of corn, has after seedling
Imitate 8~10g/hm of ingredient2Thiophene phenol sulphur is grand, is administered in 2~4 leaf phase of broadleaf weeds；3~10 leaf phase of corn, 75~100ml/ after seedling
hm230wt% topramezone suspending agent, 1050g/hm290% atrazine water dispersible granule.
A kind of spring maize entire mechanization described in present embodiment is precisely lost weight synergy cultural method, comprehensive in step 5
Control method includes: seedling stage with 400~450ml/hm of 10wt% imidacloprid2Prevent and treat seedling stage pest；Horn mouth is used to male initial stage is taken out
2.5wt% gamma cyhalothrin aqueous emulsion 300ml/hm2With 10% imidacloprid 400ml/hm2Or 70wt% imidacloprid 30g/
hm2Corn borer and aphid are prevented and treated, industry is turned into using Aircraft.
A kind of spring maize entire mechanization described in present embodiment is precisely lost weight synergy cultural method, described in step 5
The leaf blight of corn prevention and treatment for the corn lobus cardiacus phase to tasseling stage or early stage sprinkling 250g/L pyraclostrobin missible oil
450ml/hm2, primary every spray in 10 days；The leaf opened setate is opened up to susceptible variety 9~10 to prevent in advance, continuously sprays 2 times~3 according to the state of an illness
Secondary, medicament rotation uses；
The corn bacterial stem rot prevention and treatment sprays 20wt% phenazine oxide in corn trumpet period for the rainy time can
Wet powder mixes 58wt% metalaxyl, sprays 4000 times of liquid of agricultural streptomycin sulphate after the onset and sprays；
The maize kernel rot prevention and treatment is heading stage 50wt% carbendazol wettable powder or 50wt% methyl Tobe
1000 times of liquid of saliva wettable powder are sprayed 750kg/hm2, emphasis sprays fruit ear and lower part cauline leaf, every spray in 7 days 1 time；Early stage,
750~1125ml/hm of 5wt% jinggangmeisu aqua is sprayed to fringe portion2, it is watered 1125~1500kg/hm2, depending on state of an illness prevention and treatment 1~2
It is secondary.
A kind of spring maize entire mechanization described in present embodiment is precisely lost weight synergy cultural method, the agricultural nothing
Man-machine model flying platform: DJI M600PRO, the model MicaSense RedEdge TM of multispectral camera
3Multispectral Camera。
A kind of spring maize entire mechanization described in present embodiment is precisely lost weight synergy cultural method, and the corn of plantation produces
Amount comparison is as shown in table 6:
6 corn yield contrast table (moisture content 14%) of table
The synergy cultivation, it can be seen that a kind of spring maize entire mechanization described in present embodiment is precisely lost weight from table 6
The corn of method plantation, volume increase 10.6%.
Specific embodiment 4:
A kind of spring maize entire mechanization is precisely lost weight synergy cultural method, and method of soil preparation is to be gathered in corn joint threshing
Stalk is handled with stubble cleaner after machine harvesting corn, then ploughs deeply 30~40cm of soil, thin leveling is harrowed with combined soil preparing machine, plays micro-ridge
Or big ridge, exposed soil image data then is obtained with agricultural unmanned plane combination multispectral camera, carrying out field sample detection soil has
Nutrient is imitated, site preparation is completed.
Specific embodiment 5:
A kind of spring maize entire mechanization according to specific embodiment four is precisely lost weight synergy cultural method, sowing
And fertilizing method is soil moisture conservation to be suppressed in the plot after step 1 site preparation, after 5cm topsoil reaches certain temperature after soil thaws
It is sowed using precision planter, 6~8km/h of speed of drilling, depth of planting is 3~5cm after suppression, and planting density is precocious resistance to close
It plants kind and keeps a full stand of seedings strain number for 7.5~80,000 plants/hm2, in the kind strain number of keeping a full stand of seedings of ripe more resistance to dense planting should be 6.5~7.5 ten thousand plants/hm2、
It is late-maturing to keep a full stand of seedings strain number intolerant to dense planting kind for 6~6.5 ten thousand plants/hm2, after planting according to available nutrient of soil detection knot in step 1
Fruit, in different stages of growth unmanned plane or aircraft spray fertilizer 1~2 time.
Specific embodiment 6:
A kind of spring maize entire mechanization according to specific embodiment four is precisely lost weight synergy cultural method, sowing
When 5cm topsoil temperature is stablized by 5 DEG C, Flint corn starts to sow in method, and 5cm topsoil temperature is stablized through horse at 7 DEG C
Flute profile corn starts to sow, and control soil moisture content Baijiang soil 28% is hereinafter, control soil moisture content black earth 30% hereinafter, just
The date of seeding of normal temperature condition is annual 20~May 10 April, and planting type uses large-ridge double-row mode or micro-ridge uniline side
Formula, distance is 55~65cm between the seedling band of two, every ridge；Fertilizing method is that corn seals jointing stage spraying operation solution packet before ridge
Include urea 6.75kg/hm2, 6~7.5kg/hm of zinc sulfate2, the micro- yield increasing fungus 1500ml/hm of benefit2, 225~300kg/hm of water2；Big loudspeaker
Mouth phase spraying operation solution includes urea 5.25kg/hm2, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 1.5kg/hm2, 2.5wt% decis 1500~
2500ml/hm2, 225~300kg/hm of water2；Pustulation period spraying operation solution includes humic acid foliar fertilizer or potassium dihydrogen phosphate
2.25~3kg/hm2。
Specific embodiment 7:
A kind of spring maize entire mechanization according to specific embodiment four is precisely lost weight synergy cultural method, field
Management method is to open up the leaf opened setate in corn 0~1 to carry out 1 subsoiling, heat, preserve soil moisture, loosen the soil, weed eradication operation；It is opened up in corn 2~3
Leaf opened setate carries out 1 intertillage weed eradication operation；For corn when the 6th leaf is fully deployed, plant height carries out lodging management when being more than 70cm；?
Corn 8~10 opens up 1 intertillage topdressing operation of leaf opened setate progress；Meanwhile after emergence of corn, mostly light is combined by agricultural unmanned plane
It composes camera and was monitored corn growing way every 10~15 days.
Specific embodiment 8:
A kind of spring maize entire mechanization according to specific embodiment four is precisely lost weight synergy cultural method, field
Weed eradication operation includes weeding and corn postemergence weed control before after planting maize seedling in management method: removing before the after planting maize seedling
Grass herbicide solution is 1.65~35L/hm296wt% Jin Douer, 30~40g/hm2The 75% grand wettable powder of thiophene phenol sulphur
Weeding herbicide solution is 20~40g/hm before agent or the after planting maize seedling275wt% thiophene phenol sulphur precititation
The 90wt% acetochlor ec of 1600~2000ml or the 96wt% essence isopropyl first of 1500~2000ml are added in dispersible granule
Careless amine missible oil, uses Teejet110 ° of angle spray head of high standard by spraying when machine operation, spouting liquid is greater than 200L/hm2, operating speed 6
~8km/h, weather condition is that wind speed is less than 4m/s when operation, and air humidity is greater than 65%, and temperature is lower than 27 DEG C.
Specific embodiment 9:
A kind of spring maize entire mechanization according to specific embodiment four is precisely lost weight synergy cultural method, field
Weed eradication operation includes weeding and corn postemergence weed control before after planting maize seedling in management method: weeding removes after the maize seedling
Careless agent solution is 3~5 leaf phase of corn, 550g/L nitre sulphur, 1500~1800ml/hm of atrazine suspending agent after seedling2；In Miao Houyu
3~6 leaf phases of rice, 8~10g/hm of effective component2Thiophene phenol sulphur is grand, is administered in 2~4 leaf phase of broadleaf weeds；3~10 leaf of corn after seedling
Phase, 75~100ml/hm230wt% topramezone suspending agent, 1050g/hm290% atrazine water dispersible granule.
Specific embodiment 10:
A kind of spring maize entire mechanization according to specific embodiment four is precisely lost weight synergy cultural method, sowing
Before preceding method for treating seeds is sowing, after basking seeds 2~3 days, after being dressed seed with seed coat agent, obtained seed, seed coat agent seed dressing method
Are as follows: subterranean pest-insect endangers serious plot, selects the seed coat agent seed dressing containing imidacloprid；Maize head smut is prevented and treated, by 100kg kind
Son is added water 1.6L and is handled with the good fortune of defending that the concentration of 400~500ml is 40wt%, or with the concentration of 1.5~2.0L is 35wt%
More grams of good fortune seed coat agents be coated；Causal Organism of Maize Basal Stalk is prevented and treated, is with the concentration of 150~200ml by 100kg seed
2.5wt%'s is handled when fitting happy, or with the concentration of 150~200ml be 3.5wt% Man Shijin suspension seed-coating agent at
Reason.
Specific embodiment 11:
A kind of spring maize entire mechanization according to specific embodiment four is precisely lost weight synergy cultural method, disease pest
Control method includes integrated control and disease control, and the disease control includes the prevention and treatment of the leaf blight of corn, corn bacterial
The prevention and treatment of stem rot, the prevention and treatment of Ustilago maydis, the prevention and treatment of maize kernel rot.
Specific embodiment 12:
A kind of spring maize entire mechanization according to specific embodiment four is precisely lost weight synergy cultural method, comprehensive
Control method includes: seedling stage with 400~450ml/hm of 10wt% imidacloprid2Prevent and treat seedling stage pest；Horn mouth is used to male initial stage is taken out
2.5wt% gamma cyhalothrin aqueous emulsion 300ml/hm2With 10% imidacloprid 400ml/hm2Or 70wt% imidacloprid 30g/
hm2Corn borer and aphid are prevented and treated, industry is turned into using Aircraft；The leaf blight of corn prevention and treatment is male to taking out in the corn lobus cardiacus phase
Phase or early stage spray 400g/L Flusilazole 37.5ml/hm2Or 25wt% propiconazole emulsifiable concentrate 500ml/hm2Or 250g/
L pyraclostrobin missible oil 450ml/hm2, primary every spray in 10 days；It opens up the leaf opened setate to susceptible variety 9~10 to prevent in advance, according to disease
Feelings continuously spray 2 times~3 times, and medicament rotation uses；
The corn bacterial stem rot prevention and treatment is the rainy time in corn trumpet period sprinkling 25wt% Yekuling, or
One of the auspicious malicious copper of 20wt% phenazine oxide wettable powder mixing 60wt%, auspicious malicious aluminum bronze, 58wt% metalaxyl, spray after the onset
4000 times of liquid of agricultural streptomycin sulphate are spilt to spray；
The maize kernel rot prevention and treatment is heading stage 50wt% carbendazol wettable powder or 50wt% methyl Tobe
1000 times of liquid of saliva wettable powder are sprayed 750kg/hm2, emphasis sprays fruit ear and lower part cauline leaf, every spray in 7 days 1 time；Early stage,
750~1125ml/hm of 5wt% jinggangmeisu aqua is sprayed to fringe portion2, it is watered 1125~1500kg/hm2, or with the more bacterium of 50wt%
1500 times of 700~800 times of liquid of clever suspending agent, 50wt% benomyl wettable powder liquid spray, and prevent and treat 1~2 time depending on the state of an illness.
Specific embodiment 13:
A kind of spring maize entire mechanization according to specific embodiment four is precisely lost weight synergy cultural method, acquisition
Harvesting method is, using threshing is dried after mechanical harvesting fruit ear, Grain water takes machine at 28%~32% after corn is mature
Stick under tool, sunning Grain water are lower than 20%~25% threshing.
Specific embodiment 14:
A kind of spring maize entire mechanization according to specific embodiment four is precisely lost weight synergy cultural method, described
Agricultural unmanned plane model flying platform: DJI M600PRO, the model MicaSense RedEdge of multispectral camera
TM3 Multispectral Camera。
Claims (10)
- The synergy cultural method 1. a kind of spring maize entire mechanization is precisely lost weight, it is characterised in that: method of soil preparation is to be joined with corn Stalk is handled with stubble cleaner after conjunction threshing harvester harvesting corn, then ploughs deeply 30~40cm of soil, is harrowed with combined soil preparing machine thin Leveling plays micro-ridge or big ridge, then obtains exposed soil image data with agricultural unmanned plane combination multispectral camera, carries out field sampling The available nutrient of soil is detected, site preparation is completed.
- The synergy cultural method 2. a kind of spring maize entire mechanization according to claim 1 is precisely lost weight, it is characterised in that: Sowing and fertilizing method are that soil moisture conservation is suppressed in the plot after step 1 site preparation, reaches certain temperature to 5cm topsoil after soil thaws It is sowed after degree using precision planter, 6~8km/h of speed of drilling, depth of planting is 3~5cm after suppression, and planting density is precocity Resistance to dense planting kind keeps a full stand of seedings strain number for 7.5~80,000 plants/hm2, in the kind strain number of keeping a full stand of seedings of ripe more resistance to dense planting should be 6.5~7.5 ten thousand Strain/hm2, it is late-maturing intolerant to dense planting kind keep a full stand of seedings strain number be 6~6.5 ten thousand plants/hm2, after planting according to the available nutrient of soil in step 1 Testing result, in different stages of growth unmanned plane or aircraft spray fertilizer 1~2 time.
- The synergy cultural method 3. a kind of spring maize entire mechanization according to claim 2 is precisely lost weight, it is characterised in that: When 5cm topsoil temperature is stablized by 5 DEG C, Flint corn starts to sow in type of seeding, and 5cm topsoil temperature, which is stablized, passes through 7 DEG C When dent corn start to sow, control soil moisture content Baijiang soil 28% hereinafter, control soil moisture content black earth 30% with Under, the date of seeding of normal temperature condition is annual 20~May 10 April, and planting type uses large-ridge double-row mode or micro-ridge Uniline mode, distance is 55~65cm between the seedling band of two, every ridge；Fertilizing method is that jointing stage spraying operation is used before corn seals ridge Solution includes urea 6.75kg/hm2, 6~7.5kg/hm of zinc sulfate2, the micro- yield increasing fungus 1500ml/hm of benefit2, 225~300kg/ of water hm2；Big bell mouth stage spraying operation solution includes urea 5.25kg/hm2, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 1.5kg/hm2, 2.5wt% enemy kill Dead 1500~2500ml/hm2, 225~300kg/hm of water2；Pustulation period spraying operation solution includes humic acid foliar fertilizer or phosphoric acid 2.25~3kg/hm of potassium dihydrogen2。
- The synergy cultural method 4. a kind of spring maize entire mechanization according to claim 1 is precisely lost weight, it is characterised in that: Field management method is to open up the leaf opened setate in corn 0~1 to carry out 1 subsoiling, heat, preserve soil moisture, loosen the soil, weed eradication operation；Corn 2~ 3 exhibition leaf opened setates carried out 1 intertillage weed eradication operation；For corn when the 6th leaf is fully deployed, plant height carries out lodging pipe when being more than 70cm Reason；1 intertillage topdressing operation of leaf opened setate progress is opened up in corn 8~10；Meanwhile after emergence of corn, pass through agricultural unmanned plane knot It closes multispectral camera and was monitored corn growing way every 10~15 days.
- The synergy cultural method 5. a kind of spring maize entire mechanization according to claim 4 is precisely lost weight, it is characterised in that: Weed eradication operation includes weeding and corn postemergence weed control before after planting maize seedling: the after planting maize seedling in field management method Preceding weeding herbicide solution is 1.65~35L/hm296wt% Jin Douer, 30~40g/hm275% thiophene phenol sulphur it is grand wettable Property pulvis or the after planting maize seedling before weeding herbicide solution be 20~40g/hm275wt% thiophene phenol sulphur The 96wt% essence of 90wt% acetochlor ec or 1500~2000ml that 1600~2000ml is added in precititation dispersible granule is different Methoxalamine missible oil, uses Teejet110 ° of angle spray head of high standard by spraying when machine operation, spouting liquid is greater than 200L/hm2, operation speed 6~8km/h is spent, weather condition is that wind speed is less than 4m/s when operation, and air humidity is greater than 65%, and temperature is lower than 27 DEG C.
- The synergy cultural method 6. a kind of spring maize entire mechanization according to claim 4 is precisely lost weight, it is characterised in that: Weed eradication operation includes weeding and corn postemergence weed control before after planting maize seedling: the corn postemergence weed control in field management method It is 3~5 leaf phase of corn, 550g/L nitre sulphur, 1500~1800ml/hm of atrazine suspending agent after seedling with herbicide solution2；In seedling 3~6 leaf phase of corn afterwards, 8~10g/hm of effective component2Thiophene phenol sulphur is grand, is administered in 2~4 leaf phase of broadleaf weeds；Corn 3 after seedling~ 10 leaf phases, 75~100ml/hm230wt% topramezone suspending agent, 1050g/hm290% atrazine water dispersible granule.
- The synergy cultural method 7. a kind of spring maize entire mechanization according to claim 1 is precisely lost weight, it is characterised in that: Before method for treating seeds is sowing before sowing, after basking seeds 2~3 days, after being dressed seed with seed coat agent, obtained seed, seed coat agent is dressed seed Method are as follows: subterranean pest-insect endangers serious plot, selects the seed coat agent seed dressing containing imidacloprid；Maize head smut is prevented and treated, it will Water 1.6L processing is added with the good fortune of defending that the concentration of 400~500ml is 40wt% in 100kg seed, or is with the concentration of 1.5~2.0L The more grams of good fortune seed coat agents of 35wt% are coated；Causal Organism of Maize Basal Stalk is prevented and treated, is with the concentration of 150~200ml by 100kg seed 2.5wt%'s is handled when fitting happy, or with the concentration of 150~200ml be 3.5wt% Man Shijin suspension seed-coating agent at Reason.
- The synergy cultural method 8. a kind of spring maize entire mechanization according to claim 1 is precisely lost weight, it is characterised in that: Pest control method includes integrated control and disease control, and the disease control includes that the prevention and treatment of the leaf blight of corn, corn are thin The prevention and treatment of bacterium property stem rot, the prevention and treatment of Ustilago maydis, the prevention and treatment of maize kernel rot.
- The synergy cultural method 9. a kind of spring maize entire mechanization according to claim 8 is precisely lost weight, it is characterised in that: Method for integrated control includes: seedling stage with 400~450ml/hm of 10wt% imidacloprid2Prevent and treat seedling stage pest；Horn mouth is male first to taking out Phase is with 2.5wt% gamma cyhalothrin aqueous emulsion 300ml/hm2With 10% imidacloprid 400ml/hm2Or 70wt% imidacloprid 30g/hm2Corn borer and aphid are prevented and treated, industry is turned into using Aircraft；The leaf blight of corn prevention and treatment is to arrive in the corn lobus cardiacus phase Tasseling stage or early stage spray 400g/L Flusilazole 37.5ml/hm2Or 25wt% propiconazole emulsifiable concentrate 500ml/hm2, or 250g/L pyraclostrobin missible oil 450ml/hm2, primary every spray in 10 days；It opens up the leaf opened setate to susceptible variety 9~10 to prevent in advance, root It continuously sprays according to the state of an illness 2 times~3 times, medicament rotation uses；The corn bacterial stem rot prevention and treatment is the rainy time in corn trumpet period sprinkling 25wt% Yekuling, or One of the auspicious malicious copper of 20wt% phenazine oxide wettable powder mixing 60wt%, auspicious malicious aluminum bronze, 58wt% metalaxyl, spray after the onset 4000 times of liquid of agricultural streptomycin sulphate are spilt to spray；The maize kernel rot prevention and treatment is that heading stage can with 50wt% carbendazol wettable powder or 50wt% thiophanate methyl 1000 times of liquid of wet powder are sprayed 750kg/hm2, emphasis sprays fruit ear and lower part cauline leaf, every spray in 7 days 1 time；Early stage, Xiang Sui Spray 750~1125ml/hm of 5wt% jinggangmeisu aqua in portion2, it is watered 1125~1500kg/hm2, or it is outstanding with 50wt% carbendazim 1500 times of floating 700~800 times of liquid of agent, 50wt% benomyl wettable powder liquid spray, and prevent and treat 1~2 time depending on the state of an illness.
- The synergy cultural method 10. a kind of spring maize entire mechanization according to claim 1 is precisely lost weight, feature exist Dry threshing after being using mechanical harvesting fruit ear in: acquisition harvesting method, after corn is mature Grain water at 28%~32%, Stick under machinery is taken, sunning Grain water is lower than 20%~25% threshing.
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| CN112772316A (en) * | 2021-03-01 | 2021-05-11 | 中国科学院东北地理与农业生态研究所 | High-yield planting method for household farm corn in northeast black soil area |
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| CN112772316A (en) * | 2021-03-01 | 2021-05-11 | 中国科学院东北地理与农业生态研究所 | High-yield planting method for household farm corn in northeast black soil area |
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