CN114885785B - Novel rotation fertilization management method for corn and soybean in high-altitude area - Google Patents
Novel rotation fertilization management method for corn and soybean in high-altitude area Download PDFInfo
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/40—Fabaceae, e.g. beans or peas
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
- A01C21/005—Following a specific plan, e.g. pattern
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/20—Cereals
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
- Y02P60/20—Reduction of greenhouse gas [GHG] emissions in agriculture, e.g. CO2
- Y02P60/21—Dinitrogen oxide [N2O], e.g. using aquaponics, hydroponics or efficiency measures
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Abstract
The invention discloses a novel rotation fertilization management method for corn and soybean in a high-altitude area, which takes three years as a period, wherein the corn stalks are all held out after the corn is harvested in the first year, the corn stalks are ploughed and crushed, the soil is raked and leveled, the corn stalks are crushed after the corn is harvested in the second year, stubble is beaten, deeply ploughed, raked, the soybean stubble is deeply scarified and prepared after the soybean is harvested in the third year, and corresponding special fertilizer and corn coating agent are developed on the basis, so that the nutrition requirements in the corn and soybean growing process are met, the production cost is reduced, the corn and soybean yield is improved, and the economic benefits of crops are greatly improved. The novel fertilization management method for rotation has strong practicability and operability, can be popularized and applied in the ancient and northeast areas, and has good economic, social and ecological benefits.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of crop rotation cultivation, and particularly relates to a novel crop rotation fertilization management method for corns and soybeans in high-altitude areas.
Background
At present, the basic national conditions of relative shortage of cultivated land resources in a large population of China determine the road on which agriculture must go to high yield and sustainable. The traditional method of interplanting corn and soybean not only can improve the soil fertility through the nitrogen fixation effect of leguminous crops, but also can reduce the evaporation of soil moisture and improve the organic matter content of the soil by covering the corn stalks in the field. However, in the existing interplanting mode of soybeans and corns, the production cost and income of two crops need to be comprehensively considered, and if the planting interval is too large, land and photo-thermal resources are wasted; if too small, the shading stress degree of the soybeans is increased, so that the soybean yield is low and is not stable enough, and the field management of the soybeans, the agronomic operations such as corn harvesting and the like and the application of small-sized sowing machinery are inconvenient.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems, the invention provides a novel fertilization management method for corn-soybean rotation, which can efficiently fertilize special purpose, reduce production cost and increase the yield of corn and soybean while meeting the nutrition demand in the growth process of corn and soybean.
In order to achieve the above purpose, the invention adopts the following scheme:
a fertilization management method suitable for novel rotation of corn and soybean is provided, wherein corn is planted in the first year, corn is planted in the second year, soybean is planted in the third year, and the like are repeated and cycled.
Applying a first base fertilizer on the land before planting corns in the first year, performing first coating treatment on the corns by using a coating agent A, applying a first additional fertilizer in a corn jointing period, fully holding out the corns in the first year after harvesting the corns, ploughing and crushing the corns, raking and leveling the corns to a depth of 10-15cm, and immediately ploughing the corns after harvesting the corns.
Further, the first base fertilizer is prepared by uniformly stirring the following raw materials in parts by weight: 100-150 parts of decomposed pig manure, 25-45 parts of plant ash, 25-45 parts of bean pulp, 20-35 parts of kieselguhr and 2-3 parts of rooting powder, wherein the fertilizing amount is 450-580 kg/mu.
Further, the coating agent A consists of the following raw materials in parts by weight: wei Fu 3 parts to 6 parts, 2 parts to 5 parts of fludioxonil, 1 part to 3 parts of indoleacetic acid, 6 parts to 8 parts of zinc sulfate, 6 parts to 8 parts of boric acid, 35 parts to 40 parts of purified water and 1 part of pigment.
Further, 20-28kg of urea, 10-20kg of diammonium and 8-12kg of potassium sulfate are applied to each mu of the crops for the first time.
Applying a second base fertilizer on the land before planting the corns in the second year, performing a second coating treatment on the corns by using a coating agent B, applying a second additional fertilizer in a corn jointing period, crushing the corns in the second year after harvesting the corns, wherein the length of the crushed corns is 2-4cm, stubble cutting, deep turning to a depth of 20-30cm, raking by using a heavy rake for 2-3 times after deep turning, and the raking depth is 10-15cm.
Further, the second base fertilizer is prepared by uniformly stirring the following raw materials in parts by weight: 100-150 parts of decomposed chicken manure, 25-45 parts of plant ash, 15-25 parts of soybean meal, 15-25 parts of peanut bran, 8-10 parts of fulvic acid and 2-3 parts of rooting powder, wherein the fertilization amount is 380-450 kg/mu.
Further, the coating agent B consists of the following raw materials in parts by weight: 3-5 parts of thiamethoxam, 3-6 parts of pyraclostrobin, 1-3 parts of indoleacetic acid, 2-4 parts of matrine, 6-8 parts of zinc sulfate, 35-40 parts of purified water and 1-2 parts of pigment.
In the third year, a third base fertilizer is applied before soybean sowing, and a mixed aqueous solution of acetochlor and 2, 4-D-butyl ester is used for soil spraying after soybean sowing and before seedling emergence.
Further, the third time of base fertilizer is 1-4kg of urea, 5-10kg of heavy calcium chloride and 5-10kg of potassium chloride applied per mu.
Further, after soybean harvest, the stubble of soybean is deeply scarified and prepared.
Repeating the steps to carry out novel rotation of corn and soybean.
The invention is a novel planting mode based on the utilization of fertilizer types and plant diseases and insect pests under corn-soybean rotation planting, maintains the fertility characteristics of soil by controlling the types and the quantity of base fertilizer and additional fertilizer, controls the components of the coating agent, improves the yield of corn crops in two years, and prevents the attack of plant diseases and insect pests. Meanwhile, on the basis of the two-year-old corn, the base fertilizer is further applied to realize high yield of soybeans, so that the production cost is saved, and the economic benefit is improved. The circulation of the novel planting mode improves the defect of resource utilization in the current corn soybean interplanting mode, and ensures sustainable development of agriculture.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects: 1. double high yield of corn and soybean is realized, and economic benefit is remarkably improved; 2. the planting mode of the two-year corns and the one-year soybeans improves the soil structure and ensures the soil fertility; 3. reduces the occurrence of farmland diseases and insect pests.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be described in further detail with reference to the following examples in order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more apparent. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are for purposes of illustration only and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention.
Example 1
The method is carried out in a peak comprehensive test station, the corn variety is YF3240, the soybean variety is red bean No. 4, corn is continuously planted for two years, the soybean is planted for one year in a rotation mode, the cultivation mode is that corn straws are all held out-ploughed and crushed soil in the first year, corn straws are crushed, stubble is formed in the second year, deep ploughed and stubble is formed in the third year, deep scarification and soil preparation mode is adopted for soybean stubble, flat crop narrow row close planting is adopted for soybean, and corn is standard ridge. The special fertilizer (base fertilizer and additional fertilizer) treatment, the non-fertilizing treatment and the conventional fertilizing treatment are respectively carried out, each treatment is repeated for 3 times, the area is 10 lines multiplied by 0.65m multiplied by 20m, and each treatment carries out corn-soybean rotation.
Field rotation layout
| Year of year | Special fertilizer | No fertilizer | Conventional fertilizer |
| First year of | Jade | Jade | Jade |
| Second year | Jade | Jade | Jade |
| Third year | Bean | Bean | Bean |
The method comprises the following specific steps:
A. the first round of corn cultivation is carried out in the first year: sowing in 2018 for 5 months and 2 days, uniformly applying a first base fertilizer on the surface of the corn planting surface, wherein the fertilizing amount of the first base fertilizer is 520 kg/mu, and preparing land by using a deep cultivator, wherein the depth of the cultivated land is 25cm;
selecting corn seeds, coating the corn seeds with a coating agent A, sowing the treated corn seeds, wherein the row spacing of sowing is 45-60cm, the spacing between adjacent holes is 30-35cm, and the sowing depth is 2.5-3.5cm;
spraying low-toxicity low-residue herbicide after germination of corn seeds;
applying 24kg of urea, 20kg of diammonium and 11kg of potassium sulfate per mu in the first topdressing period of the corn;
after the corn is harvested, the corn stalks are all held out, the corn stalks are ploughed and crushed, the corn stalks are raked and leveled, the depth of the corn stalks is 10 cm to 15cm, and the corn stalks are ploughed immediately after the corn is harvested.
The first base fertilizer is prepared by uniformly stirring the following raw materials in parts by weight: 150 parts of decomposed pig manure, 36 parts of plant ash, 40 parts of bean pulp, 20 parts of diatomite and 3 parts of rooting powder.
Wherein the coating agent A consists of the following raw materials in parts by weight: wei Fu 6 parts of fludioxonil 3 parts, indoleacetic acid 2 parts, zinc sulfate 8 parts, boric acid 8 parts, purified water 38 parts and pigment 1 part.
A control of conventional fertilization was also set.
B. The second round of corn cultivation is carried out in the second year: sowing in 2019 for 5 months and 2 days, uniformly applying a second base fertilizer on the surface of the corn planting surface, wherein the fertilizing amount of the second base fertilizer is 400 kg/mu, and preparing land by using a deep cultivator, wherein the tillage depth is 25cm;
selecting corn seeds, coating the corn seeds with a coating agent B, sowing the treated corn seeds, wherein the row spacing of sowing is 45-60cm, the spacing between adjacent holes is 30-35cm, and the sowing depth is 2.5-3.5cm;
spraying low-toxicity low-residue herbicide after germination of corn seeds;
applying 12kg of urea, 14kg of diammonium and 15kg of potassium sulfate per mu in the second topdressing period of the corn;
crushing corn straw after harvesting, wherein the length of the crushed straw is 2-4cm, stubble cleaning, deep turning to a depth of 20-30cm, and raking with a heavy rake for 2-3 times after deep turning to a raking depth of 10-15cm.
The secondary base fertilizer is prepared by uniformly stirring the following raw materials in parts by weight: 130 parts of decomposed chicken manure, 38 parts of plant ash, 15 parts of soybean meal, 15 parts of peanut bran, 9 parts of fulvic acid and 2 parts of rooting powder.
Wherein the coating agent B consists of the following raw materials in parts by weight: 5 parts of thiamethoxam, 4 parts of pyraclostrobin, 1 part of indoleacetic acid, 4 parts of matrine, 6 parts of zinc sulfate, 40 parts of purified water and 1 part of pigment.
A control of conventional fertilization was also set.
C. In the third year, soybean cultivation is carried out, sowing is carried out on the day of 5 months and 19 days in 2020, fertilization is carried out before soybean sowing, and 3kg of urea, 10kg of heavy calcium and 6kg of potassium chloride are applied per mu.
Spraying soil after soybean sowing and before emergence by using a mixed aqueous solution of acetochlor and 2, 4-D-butyl ester;
harvesting soybeans when the leaves are completely fallen and the beans are rounded;
after the soybeans are harvested, the soybean stubbles are deeply loosened and soil is prepared.
A control of conventional fertilization was also set.
The first year to the third year are repeated.
The test results are shown in table 1 below:
TABLE 1
The public allowable values of corn and soybean in different years are counted and are respectively 1.5 yuan/kg in the first year, 2.4 yuan/kg in the second year, 2.15 yuan/kg in the fourth year and 2.3 yuan/kg in the fifth year; the soybean in the third year has a fair value of 4.4 yuan/kg, and the soybean in the sixth year has a fair value of 4.6 yuan/kg.
As can be seen from Table 1, the corn yield with the dedicated fertilizer was increased by 1591.86kg/hm during the first cycle 2 In the second period, the corn yield treated with the special fertilizer is increased by 149.09kg/hm 2 It is shown that the corn yield with the special fertilizer under the continuous period treatment eventually tends to a stable value of 14471.3 kg/hm 2 The method comprises the steps of carrying out a first treatment on the surface of the While the corn yield treated with conventional fertilizer showed a higher increase in the first cycle, the increase in the second cycle showed a decrease, indicating that the corn yield treated with conventional fertilizer was gradually decreased under the periodic treatment and lower than the corn yield treated with dedicated fertilizer.
Since the corn and soybean values were different from year to year, the average yield, average cost, income and net income over the two periods were averaged and the results are shown in table 2 below.
TABLE 2
As can be seen from Table 2 above, the average yield of corn treated with the special fertilizer after two cycles is 14291.56 yuan/hm 2 The average gain of corn treated by the conventional fertilizer is increased by 1723.93 yuan-hm 2 The average yield of the soybean treated by the special fertilizer is 6093.89 yuan/hm 2 The average yield of the soybean treated by the conventional fertilizer is increased by 2592.65 yuan/hm 2 On average, 20385.44 yuan/hm can be added to the peasant for income increase every year 2 . In conclusion, the corn-soybean planting mode treated by the special fertilizer greatly improves the economic value of the land and increases the income of peasants.
The first year test results are shown in table 3 below:
as can be seen from Table 3 below, corn treated with the special fertilizer is the most economical to produce and is followed by conventional fertilizer treatment. The corn yield after special fertilizer treatment and conventional fertilizer treatment is increased by 76.5 percent and 57.4 percent, and the pure yield is increased by 5298.57 and 3979.01 yuan/hm respectively compared with that of the corn without fertilizer treatment 2 The yield and the ratio are respectively 1.47 and 1.28.
TABLE 3 Table 3
The results of the second year test are shown in table 4 below:
as can be seen from Table 4 below, the corn treated with the special fertilizer for the next year is the highest in economic income, followed by conventional fertilizer treatment. The corn yield after the special fertilizer treatment and the conventional fertilizer treatment in the second year is increased by 19.6 percent and 18.2 percent compared with the corn yield after the special fertilizer treatment and the conventional fertilizer treatment, and the pure yields are 2938.8 yuan/hm respectively more than those after the corn yield is not fertilized 2 2493.6 yuan/hm 2 The yield and the ratio are respectively 2.10 and 2.07. The pure income of special fertilizer treatment is increased by 445.2 yuan/hm compared with that of conventional fertilizer treatment 2 Is the optimal treatment.
TABLE 4 Table 4
The results of the third year test are shown in table 5 below:
as can be seen from Table 5, each treatment produced a ratio of greater than 1. Compared with no fertilizer application, the soybean yield after special fertilizer treatment and conventional fertilizer treatment is increased by 34.3 percent, 17.9 percent, and the pure yield is increased by 2532.5 yuan/hm 2 499.56 yuan/hm 2 The yield and the ratio are respectively 1.55 and 1.30.
TABLE 5
In conclusion, the corn-soybean planting mode treated by the special fertilizer has average annual pure benefit increased by 1599.23 yuan/hm compared with the conventional fertilizer land 2 The growth of the non-fertilized land is 3589.96 yuan/hm 2 The economic value of the land is greatly improved, and the income of farmers is increased.
Claims (2)
1. The novel rotation fertilization management method for corn and soybean in high-altitude areas is characterized by comprising the following steps of:
planting corn in the first year: applying a first base fertilizer on the land before planting the corns in the first year, performing first coating treatment on the corns by using a coating agent A, applying a first additional fertilizer in a corn jointing period, fully holding out the corns in the first year after harvesting the corns, ploughing and crushing the corns, leveling by harrowing, and immediately ploughing the corns after harvesting the corns;
planting corn in the second year: applying a second base fertilizer to the land before planting the corns in the second year, performing a second coating treatment on the corns by using a coating agent B, applying a second additional fertilizer in a corn jointing period, crushing the corns in the second year after harvesting the corns, wherein the length of the crushed corns is 2-4cm, stubble cutting, deep turning to a depth of 20-30cm, raking by using a heavy rake for 2-3 times after deep turning, and the raking depth is 10-15cm;
planting soybeans in the third year: applying a third base fertilizer before sowing soybeans in the third year, spraying soil by using a mixed aqueous solution of acetochlor and 2, 4-D-butyl ester before emergence after sowing the soybeans, and deeply loosening and preparing the soil after harvesting the soybeans;
the first base fertilizer is prepared by uniformly stirring the following raw materials in parts by weight: 100-150 parts of decomposed pig manure, 25-45 parts of plant ash, 25-45 parts of bean pulp, 20-35 parts of diatomite and 2-3 parts of rooting powder;
the fertilizing amount of the first base fertilizer is 450-580 kg/mu;
the coating agent A consists of the following raw materials in parts by weight: wei Fu 3 parts to 6 parts, 2 parts to 5 parts of fludioxonil, 1 part to 3 parts of indoleacetic acid, 6 parts to 8 parts of zinc sulfate, 6 parts to 8 parts of boric acid, 35 parts to 40 parts of purified water and 1 part of pigment;
the first additional fertilizer is 20-28kg of urea, 10-20kg of diammonium, and 8-12kg of potassium sulfate applied per mu;
the secondary base fertilizer is prepared by uniformly stirring the following raw materials in parts by weight: 100-150 parts of decomposed chicken manure, 25-45 parts of plant ash, 15-25 parts of soybean meal, 15-25 parts of peanut bran, 8-10 parts of fulvic acid and 2-3 parts of rooting powder;
the fertilizing amount of the secondary base fertilizer is 380-450 kg/mu;
the coating agent B consists of the following raw materials in parts by weight: 3-5 parts of thiamethoxam, 3-6 parts of pyraclostrobin, 1-3 parts of indoleacetic acid, 2-4 parts of matrine, 6-8 parts of zinc sulfate, 35-40 parts of purified water and 1-2 parts of pigment;
the second additional fertilizer is 12kg of urea, 14kg of diammonium and 15kg of potassium sulfate applied per mu;
the third base fertilizer is 1-4kg of urea applied per mu, 5-10kg of heavy calcium chloride and 5-10kg of potassium chloride;
repeating the steps to carry out novel rotation of corn and soybean.
2. The method for managing the fertilization of novel rotation of corn and soybean in a high-altitude area according to claim 1, wherein the depth of the ploughing after the first year of corn harvesting is 10-15cm.
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