CN113854031A - Cultivation method for simplified main stem tree form of blueberry - Google Patents
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
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- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G7/00—Botany in general
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Abstract
The invention discloses a cultivation method of a simplified main trunk tree form of a blueberry, which comprises the following steps: cutting off the planted nursery stock branches between 10 days of 2 months and 20 days of 3 months in the nth year; after the seedling branches germinate, 1-3 upright young shoots are selected and reserved; when the remaining young shoots grow to be longer than 40cm, pinching the young shoots; in month 5 of the nth year, pinching a new tip on the prepared trunk at the moment; selecting and reserving 1 prepared trunk and branch tips thereof before sprouting in the (n + 1) th spring; selecting and reserving 2-4 secondary trunks on the trunks; cutting the branches on the remaining secondary trunks; in the later stage of germination, removing sprouts on the trunk and sprouts at the base of the trunk; in the 5 th month of the (n + 1) th year, pinching the new tip of the secondary trunk; after sprouting in the n +2 th spring, removing sprouts on the main trunk, the secondary trunk and sprouts at the base parts of the main trunk; shoots are produced on the main branch, called fruiting branches. The invention has the following advantages and effects: convenient shearing and culturing.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of blueberry tree cultivation, in particular to a cultivation method of simplified main stem tree forms of blueberries.
Background
Blueberry, also known as Vaccinium uliginosum, black bean (great Khingan), Diospyros kaki (great Khingan, Illicun), Diguo, dragon fruit, clam fruit (Jilin), Najasu (Mongolian language), Gieret, Uygur (Orenchun), etc., is a perennial low shrub of Vaccinium of Ericaceae. Native to north america and east asia, distributed in korea, japan, mongolia, russia, europe, north america, black dragon river, inner mongolia, Jilin Changbai mountain and other countries and regions in china, and grown in regions with elevation of 900-2300 m.
The blueberry fruit contains rich nutrient components, especially anthocyanin, and has good nutrition and health care effects, and also has the functions of preventing cranial nerve aging, strengthening heart, resisting cancer, softening blood vessels, enhancing human immunity and the like. The earliest countries for blueberry cultivation were the united states, but the cultivation history to date was less than a hundred years. It is one of five healthy fruits recommended by the world food and agriculture organizations because of its high health value.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a cultivation method of simplified trunk tree forms of blueberries, and aims to achieve the effect of convenient pruning and cultivation.
The technical purpose of the invention is realized by the following technical scheme: a cultivation method of a simplified main stem tree form of a blueberry comprises the following steps:
s1, cutting the planted seedling branches between 10 days of 2 months and 20 days of 3 months in the nth year, wherein the height of the cutting position is 8-12cm higher than the ridge surface or the ground;
s2, after the seedling branches sprout, when the young shoots grow to 8-12cm long, selecting and reserving 1-3 upright young shoots, and erasing the rest young shoots, wherein the maximum diameter of the reserved young shoots is larger than that of the erased young shoots;
s3, when the length of the new tip is larger than 40cm, pinching the new tip to make the length of the new tip be 25-35cm, and the new tip is called as a prepared trunk;
s4, in the 5 th month of the nth year, when the length of the young sprout growing out of each prepared trunk is more than 40cm, pinching the young sprout on the prepared trunk at the moment so that the length of the left young sprout is 25-35 cm;
s5, before sprouting in spring of the (n + 1) th year, selecting and reserving 1 prepared trunk with the largest maximum diameter and branch tips on the prepared trunk, cutting other prepared trunks from the base, reserving the reserved prepared trunks as trunks, and reserving new tips as secondary trunks;
s6, selecting and reserving 2-4 secondary trunks from the trunk, cutting the rest secondary trunks, wherein the maximum diameter of the reserved secondary trunks is larger than that of the cut secondary trunks, and selecting trees with the secondary trunks distributed at the periphery of the trunk;
s7, cutting the branches on the secondary trunks to be short, and keeping the length of the branches to be 4-8 cm;
s8, removing sprouts on the trunk and sprouts at the base of the trunk at the late stage of sprouting;
s9, in the 5 th month of the n +1 th year, when the young shoot length on the secondary trunk is larger than 45cm, pinching the young shoot of the secondary trunk at the moment to enable the length of the remained young shoot to be 35-40cm, and the young shoot is called as a main branch at the moment;
s10, after sprouting in the n +2 th spring, removing sprouts on the main stem, the secondary stem and sprouts at the base part of the main stem, so that no new shoots exist at the secondary stem and the parts below the secondary stem;
s11, sending new shoots on the main branches, called bearing branches, entering the bearing period of the bearing branches, and finishing tree form culture;
wherein n is a natural number greater than 0.
The invention is further provided with: the height of the cut-off in the S1 is 10cm higher than the ridge surface or the ground.
The invention is further provided with: and 2 young shoots are selected and reserved in the S2.
The invention is further provided with: the young shoots left in both S3 and S4 were 30cm in length.
The invention is further provided with: the length of the branch left in S7 is 5 cm.
The invention is further provided with: the young shoots are left in the S9 to have a length of 40 cm.
The invention is further provided with: and (4) within a plurality of years after the tree form culture is finished, keeping the main trunk, the secondary trunk and the main branches, and only trimming the fruiting branches on the main branches.
The invention has the beneficial effects that: compared with traditional fruit trees such as apples, oranges, peaches and pears, the traditional blueberry tree body is in a bush shape without an obvious trunk, and perennial main branches germinating at the base part become basic frames of the tree body, so that the layers are unclear, and in addition, the base part is strong in sprouting property, new thick and strong overgrown branches are extracted at different parts every year, the complexity is high, the tree shape is disturbed, the production foundation is poor, the shaping and pruning operation difficulty is increased, and the work (pruning, picking and the like) efficiency is low.
The blueberry trees cultured by the tree-shaped culture method have a simplified tree shape, are simple in structure, and determine the top end advantages by culturing the trunk, so that the sprouting of the base part is inhibited, and the spindly branches are reduced; secondly, considering that the thickness of the annual branch of the blueberry is smaller than that of the tree and fruit tree; therefore, the multi-level structure is formed by multiple times of cultivation, the length of each level of branch is controlled, the thickness of each level of branch is increased, the dryness and polarity of the trunk are enhanced, and bush filling is avoided.
Meanwhile, the blueberry tree cultivated by the method simplifies the low-stem tree shape, so that the base branches of the blueberry tree are few, the ventilation and light transmission conditions of the middle lower part among the plant rows are improved, and the plant diseases and insect pests are reduced; the fruiting part is in the middle and upper part of the tree body, so that the field management operations such as picking, trimming and the like are facilitated, and the working efficiency is improved. More importantly, the tree body is simple in structure, branches are clear in major and minor, cultivation is easy, trimming is more convenient, and trimming labor is reduced.
Moreover, the method used in the application can be understood and learned at a glance, the pruning is labor-saving, time-saving and labor-saving, the popularization and the application in a large area are facilitated, and the method has outstanding contribution to the development in the industry.
Drawings
In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention, the drawings needed to be used in the description of the embodiments will be briefly introduced below, and it is obvious that the drawings in the following description are only some embodiments of the present invention, and it is obvious for those skilled in the art to obtain other drawings based on these drawings without creative efforts.
FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of a blueberry tree cultivated by the cultivation method of the simplified main trunk tree form of the blueberry.
In the figure, 1, a main stem; 2. a secondary trunk; 3. main branches; 4. and (5) bearing branches.
Detailed Description
The technical solution of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to specific embodiments. It is to be understood that the described embodiments are merely a few embodiments of the invention, and not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the embodiments of the present invention without any inventive step, are within the scope of the present invention.
A cultivation method of a simplified main stem tree form of a blueberry comprises the following steps:
s1, cutting the planted seedling branches between 10 days of the nth year and 20 days of the nth year after 2 months, wherein the nutrient supply of the branches reserved after cutting is more concentrated, and the thick and strong young shoots can grow conveniently, wherein the height of the cutting position is 8-12cm higher than the ridge surface or the ground, the cutting position is preferably 10cm, and other optional lengths can be selected according to actual conditions;
s2, after the seedling branches sprout, when the young shoots grow to 8-12cm long, the young shoots are preferably 10cm in the application, other optional lengths can be selected according to actual conditions, 1-3 (preferably 2, or 1 or 3 according to the conditions) upright young shoots are selected and reserved, and the rest young shoots are erased, so that competitive nutrition can be reduced, the young shoots reserved by concentrated nutrient supply can grow more robustly and are beneficial to tree-shaped culture, and the maximum diameters of the reserved young shoots are all larger than the maximum diameters of the erased young shoots;
s3, when the length of the remained young sprout is larger than 40cm, pinching the young sprout (the pinching can control the length of the young sprout and increase the thickness of the young sprout, so that the bud on the young sprout is full and full, and the young sprout is thicker), so that the length of the remained young sprout is 25-35cm, preferably 30cm in the application, or other optional lengths can be selected according to actual conditions, and the remained young sprout is called as a prepared trunk;
s4, in 5 months of the nth year, when the length of the young sprout growing on each prepared trunk is larger than 40cm, pinching the young sprout on the prepared trunk (promoting more young sprouts to grow and being beneficial to root growth) at the time to enable the length of the left young sprout to be 25-35cm, wherein the length is preferably 30cm in the application, and other optional lengths can be selected according to actual conditions;
s5, before sprouting in spring of the (n + 1) th year, selecting and reserving 1 prepared trunk with the largest maximum diameter and branch tips on the prepared trunk, cutting other prepared trunks from the base, reserving the reserved prepared trunks as trunks, and reserving new tips as secondary trunks;
s6, selecting 2-4 secondary trunks on the trunk, preferably 3 in the application, or selecting 2 or 4 secondary trunks according to the actual situation, and cutting the rest secondary trunks, wherein the maximum diameter of the remaining secondary trunks is larger than that of the cut secondary trunks, selecting trees with the secondary trunks distributed at the periphery of the trunk, and discarding the trees if the remaining sturdy trunks are distributed at the same side or close to the same side of the trunk;
s7, cutting the branches on the secondary trunks (beneficial to growing more young shoots), and keeping the length of 4-8cm, preferably 5cm in the application, or selecting other optional lengths according to actual conditions;
s8, removing sprouts on the trunk and sprouts on the base of the trunk at the late stage of sprouting to avoid growing new shoots and influence on the tree shape;
s9, in the 5 th month of the n +1 th year, when the young shoot length on the secondary trunk is larger than 45cm, pinching the young shoot of the secondary trunk at the moment to enable the left young shoot length to be 35-40cm, wherein the length is preferably 40cm in the application, other optional lengths can be selected according to the actual situation, and the young shoot at the moment is called as a main branch;
s10, after sprouting in the n +2 th spring, removing sprouts on the main stem, the secondary stem and sprouts at the base part of the main stem, so that no new shoots exist at the secondary stem and the parts below the secondary stem;
s11, sending new shoots on the main branches, called bearing branches, entering the bearing period of the bearing branches, and finishing tree form culture;
the form after completion of the culture is shown in FIG. 1, which expresses the cultured tree form, but not all of the tree forms.
Where n is a natural number greater than 0, i.e., n is 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 … …, etc., but does not refer to a specific year.
And (4) within a plurality of years after the tree form culture is finished, keeping the main trunk, the secondary trunk and the main branches, and only trimming the fruiting branches on the main branches.
Compared with the traditional fruit trees such as apples, oranges, peaches and pears, the traditional blueberry tree body is in a bush shape without an obvious trunk, and the perennial main branches germinating at the base part become the basic skeleton of the tree body, so that the layers are unclear, and in addition, the base part has strong sprouting property, new thick and strong branches growing in different parts are extracted every year, the complexity is high, the tree shape is disturbed, so that the production foundation is poor, the shaping and trimming operation difficulty is increased, and the working efficiency (trimming, picking and the like) is low.
The blueberry trees cultured by the tree-shaped culture method have a simplified tree shape, are simple in structure, and determine the top end advantages by culturing the trunk, so that the sprouting of the base part is inhibited, and the spindly branches are reduced; secondly, considering that the thickness of the annual branch of the blueberry is smaller than that of the tree and fruit tree; therefore, the multi-level structure is formed by multiple times of cultivation, the length of each level of branch is controlled, the thickness of each level of branch is increased, the dryness and polarity of the trunk are enhanced, and bush filling is avoided.
Meanwhile, the blueberry tree cultivated by the method simplifies the low-stem tree shape, so that the base branches of the blueberry tree are few, the ventilation and light transmission conditions of the middle lower part among the plant rows are improved, and the plant diseases and insect pests are reduced; the fruiting part is in the middle and upper part of the tree body, so that the field management operations such as picking, trimming and the like are facilitated, and the working efficiency is improved. More importantly, the tree body is simple in structure, branches are clear in major and minor, cultivation is easy, trimming is more convenient, and trimming labor is reduced.
Moreover, the method used in the application can be understood and learned at a glance, the pruning is labor-saving, time-saving and labor-saving, the popularization and the application in a large area are facilitated, and the method has outstanding contribution to the development in the industry.
The planting variety is a southern high cluster blueberry 'Misidi' with a 20-degree gentle slope, ridging cultivation is carried out, the ridge height is 30cm, the width is 100cm, the row direction is in the north-south direction along a contour line, and the planting row spacing is 1.0m multiplied by 2.0 m. Soil improvement is completed in advance. The nursery stock is a 3-year-old tissue culture nutrition pot seedling.
In the 1 st year, the planting time is 2 months at the end and before germination. After planting, the seedling branches are trimmed and fixed to be dry after leaving 10cm long. After sprouting, when the young shoots grow to 10cm long, selecting and reserving 2 upright and robust young shoots, wherein one young shoot is used for subsequent cultivation as a main stem, and the rest young shoots are cut off from the base. When the length of the two remaining young shoots reaches 40cm, 30cm long pinching parts are respectively reserved, and 3-4 young shoots grow at the pinching parts. In the middle and last ten days of 5 months, when the young shoots are 40cm in length, 30cm long pinching is reserved for subsequent cultivation as secondary trunks. And in the later stage, timely erasing the sprout at the base of the seedling.
In the 2 nd year, before spring germination, 1 upright and thick main stem and the secondary main stem are selected and reserved, and the other main stem is cut from the base. 3 thick strong branches which are evenly distributed are selected and left on the main trunk as a secondary main trunk, and 5cm long short sections are left on all branches on the secondary main trunk. Timely erasing the sprouts on the trunk and the sprouts at the base of the trunk. In the middle ten days of the 5 th month, when the young shoots on the secondary trunks are 45cm in length, 40cm long pinching is left respectively, and the young shoots are cultured as main branches.
In the 3 rd year, the sprouts on the trunk, the secondary trunks and the sprouts at the base parts of the trunks are removed in time in the whole growing period of the sprouts in spring. Only 5-6 shoots are reserved on each main branch and are cultured into bearing branches.
In 4 th year and later, sprouts and tillers on and below the secondary trunks are continuously erased, and the top advantages of the main branches are maintained. And (5) entering a fruiting period, fruiting on the bearing branches, and germinating and updating the bearing branches.
The cultivation of the main blueberry tree form is completed, the tree height is 120-150 cm, the crown width (east west south north) is 150-170 cm x 80-100 cm, the tree height and the crown width are obviously controlled, the tree plant row spacing is increased, the ventilation and light transmission conditions are improved, and the field production operation is facilitated.
Entering the full-term production period, the average single-plant yield is 3.8kg, and each 667m2The yield is 1200kg, and the yield is high. The average single fruit weight is more than 2.0g, the soluble solid content of the fruit is more than 12%, and the quality is excellent.
In the same plot, the planting variety is 'Misidi', the planting conditions and the management level are the same, the row direction is south and north, the plant row spacing is 1.0m multiplied by 2.0m, and in the 5 th year after planting, the blueberry tree growth vigor, the blueberry yield, the blueberry fruit quality and the blueberry pruning efficiency are compared under the condition that the trunk tree form (the tree form cultured by the application) and the bush-shaped tree form (the conventional tree form) are compared. The 5 connected strains were 1 cell with 3 replicates per treatment.
The results are reported in the following table (averaged):
as is apparent from Table 1, the simplified trunk tree height and crown width of the blueberry are obviously smaller than those of the traditional bush shape, particularly the crown width (101cm multiplied by 168cm) of the tree is smaller than the row spacing of 2.0m, so that the blueberry is beneficial to field operation, ventilation and light transmission, the photosynthetic efficiency is improved, the plant diseases and insect pests are reduced, and the fruit quality is improved. The yield is not much different from the traditional tree form, but the weight and the quality of the single fruit of the fruit are better than those of the latter. In the aspect of pruning efficiency, the tree form of the main trunk is simplified, the structure is simple, no thin and weak branches exist under the secondary trunk, and compared with the traditional tree form (the main branches are clustered, and the basic branches are more), the pruning is simpler, and the efficiency is 2 times that of the latter.
It should be noted that, in the present specification, the embodiments are described in a progressive manner, each embodiment focuses on differences from other embodiments, and the same and similar parts among the embodiments may be referred to each other.
The above description is only for the purpose of describing the preferred embodiments of the present invention, and is not intended to limit the scope of the present invention, and any variations and modifications made by those skilled in the art based on the above disclosure are within the scope of the appended claims.
Claims (7)
1. A cultivation method of a simplified main stem tree form of a blueberry is characterized by comprising the following steps:
s1, cutting the planted seedling branches between 10 days of 2 months and 20 days of 3 months in the nth year, wherein the height of the cutting position is 8-12cm higher than the ridge surface or the ground;
s2, after the seedling branches sprout, when the young shoots grow to 8-12cm long, selecting and reserving 1-3 upright young shoots, and erasing the rest young shoots, wherein the maximum diameter of the reserved young shoots is larger than that of the erased young shoots;
s3, when the length of the new tip is larger than 40cm, pinching the new tip to make the length of the new tip be 25-35cm, and the new tip is called as a prepared trunk;
s4, in the 5 th month of the nth year, when the length of the young sprout growing out of each prepared trunk is more than 40cm, pinching the young sprout on the prepared trunk at the moment so that the length of the left young sprout is 25-35 cm;
s5, before sprouting in spring of the (n + 1) th year, selecting and reserving 1 prepared trunk with the largest maximum diameter and branch tips on the prepared trunk, cutting other prepared trunks from the base, reserving the reserved prepared trunks as trunks, and reserving new tips as secondary trunks;
s6, selecting and reserving 2-4 secondary trunks from the trunk, cutting the rest secondary trunks, wherein the maximum diameter of the reserved secondary trunks is larger than that of the cut secondary trunks, and selecting trees with the secondary trunks distributed at the periphery of the trunk;
s7, cutting the branches on the secondary trunks to be short, and keeping the length of the branches to be 4-8 cm;
s8, removing sprouts on the trunk and sprouts at the base of the trunk at the late stage of sprouting;
s9, in the 5 th month of the n +1 th year, when the young shoot length on the secondary trunk is larger than 45cm, pinching the young shoot of the secondary trunk at the moment to enable the length of the remained young shoot to be 35-40cm, and the young shoot is called as a main branch at the moment;
s10, after sprouting in the n +2 th spring, removing sprouts on the main stem, the secondary stem and sprouts at the base part of the main stem, so that no new shoots exist at the secondary stem and the parts below the secondary stem;
s11, sending new shoots on the main branches, called bearing branches, entering the bearing period of the bearing branches, and finishing tree form culture;
wherein n is a natural number greater than 0.
2. The cultivation method of the simplified trunk tree form of blueberry according to claim 1, characterized in that: the height of the cut-off in the S1 is 10cm higher than the ridge surface or the ground.
3. The cultivation method of the simplified trunk tree form of blueberry according to claim 1, characterized in that: and 2 young shoots are selected and reserved in the S2.
4. The cultivation method of the simplified trunk tree form of blueberry according to claim 1, characterized in that: the young shoots left in both S3 and S4 were 30cm in length.
5. The cultivation method of the simplified trunk tree form of blueberry according to claim 1, characterized in that: the length of the branch left in S7 is 5 cm.
6. The cultivation method of the simplified trunk tree form of blueberry according to claim 1, characterized in that: the young shoots are left in the S9 to have a length of 40 cm.
7. The cultivation method of the simplified trunk tree form of blueberry according to claim 1, characterized in that: and (4) within a plurality of years after the tree form culture is finished, keeping the main trunk, the secondary trunk and the main branches, and only trimming the fruiting branches on the main branches.
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