CN112425390A - Peach tree grafting planting method - Google Patents

Peach tree grafting planting method Download PDF

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Publication number
CN112425390A
CN112425390A CN202011497254.0A CN202011497254A CN112425390A CN 112425390 A CN112425390 A CN 112425390A CN 202011497254 A CN202011497254 A CN 202011497254A CN 112425390 A CN112425390 A CN 112425390A
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grafting
branches
peach
planting
grafted
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高绍彬
万剑平
黄云海
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Maanshan Five Cereals And Poultry Specialized Cooperatives
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Maanshan Five Cereals And Poultry Specialized Cooperatives
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Priority to CN202011497254.0A priority Critical patent/CN112425390A/en
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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01GHORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G2/00Vegetative propagation
    • A01G2/30Grafting
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01GHORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G17/00Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
    • A01G17/005Cultivation methods
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01GHORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G7/00Botany in general
    • A01G7/06Treatment of growing trees or plants, e.g. for preventing decay of wood, for tingeing flowers or wood, for prolonging the life of plants

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Botany (AREA)
  • Environmental Sciences (AREA)
  • Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
  • Ecology (AREA)
  • Forests & Forestry (AREA)
  • Developmental Biology & Embryology (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)

Abstract

The invention discloses a peach tree grafting and planting method, which comprises the following steps: (1) selecting wild peaches, sowing and cultivating to obtain high-quality wild peach stocks; (2) grafting two different varieties of scions to be grafted to the middle part of a hypocotyl of a wild peach stock by adopting a top grafting method and a side grafting method respectively to obtain grafted seedlings; (3) planting and growing the grafted seedling; (4) pruning the seedling trees in summer and winter respectively; (5) starting to flower and fruit thinning after the flower buds are expanded; (6) and harvesting after the peaches are ripe. The peach tree planting method disclosed by the invention fully combines the novel industry form of the combination of the agriculture and the travel of the existing sightseeing tour, two high-quality and high-yield scion varieties with similar growth vigour are selected for simultaneous grafting, the growth speed and the flowering and fruiting period of branches of the two varieties are relatively close, the ornamental performance is stronger, the novel and attractive planting mode can simultaneously obtain the two excellent peach varieties, the interest of consumers is powerfully improved, the income of the agriculture and the travel is increased, and the economic benefit and the social benefit are very good.

Description

Peach tree grafting planting method
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of peach tree planting, and particularly relates to a peach tree grafting planting method.
Background
Peach is a small deciduous tree with fruits as fruits, flowers can be viewed, fruits are juicy, and can be eaten raw or made into peach preserves, cans and the like, and kernels can be eaten, so that the peach is widely planted as a favorite fruit for people. Large-area planting range is available in China. At present, most of the traditional planting methods comprise field planting and fertilization, and meanwhile, straws are added for improving the planting field, but the planting method is too single, so that the huge requirements of the current market on peaches are difficult to meet, and the popularization and development of the peaches in China are hindered.
Along with the development of leisure agriculture in China, higher requirements on the ornamental property, novelty and stability of agricultural products are provided by the combination of agriculture and tourism, and the requirement of a novel industrial form of modern agriculture cannot be met by traditional peach tree planting, so that improvement is more needed on a planting method, and the economic benefit of peach tree planting is improved by the combination of a novel consumption form of agricultural sightseeing tourism.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to make up the defects of the prior art and provides a peach tree grafting planting method.
In order to achieve the above object, the present invention provides the following technical solutions:
a peach tree grafting planting method comprises the following steps:
(1) selecting wild peaches as stocks, collecting seeds after the wild peaches are mature, sowing and cultivating, loosening soil and fertilizing after seedling emergence and transplantation to obtain high-quality wild peach stocks;
(2) grafting two different varieties of scions to be grafted to the middle part of a hypocotyl of a wild peach stock by adopting a top grafting method and a side grafting method respectively, performing conventional seedling management after grafting is completed, cutting a stock 3-5cm away from a grafted bud after 2-3 weeks, timely erasing the bud below a grafting port, performing coring and drying when the height of the seedling reaches 0.5 m, and taking the grafted seedling out of a nursery for planting after the grafted seedling grows to a fallen leaf;
(3) planting the grafted seedling in a planting hole with the diameter of 1-1.5 m and the depth of 1-1.2 m by adopting a soil ball with the root and the row spacing of 3-5 m and the row spacing of 2-4 m, tamping soil after planting, fixing a tree plate, and watering sufficient root fixing water;
(4) pruning in summer in 4-5 months, wiping off the overgrown branches in the inner chamber, pruning off competitive buds on the upper part, and twisting the upright vigorous branches and the overgrown branches 180 degrees from a position 10-15cm above the base part when the young shoots grow to 0.5 m, and meanwhile bending the upright branches down through binding ropes to correct the opening angle; pruning in winter in 11-12 months, cutting off branches after 30-60cm of main branches are reserved, reserving external buds, removing excessive branches in an inner chamber, and promoting the development of bearing branches;
(5) thinning half flower buds when peach flower buds are expanded and do not open, thinning weak flowers, late flowers and pest-infected flowers after flowering, starting thinning fruits 3 weeks after the flowers are withered, thinning dense fruits, small fruits and malformed fruits, thinning the fruits once after 10-15 days, then fixing the fruits, reserving 3-4 fruits on long fruit branches, reserving 2 fruits on middle fruit branches, reserving 1 fruit on short fruit branches, and reserving the fruit intervals of 15-20 cm;
(6) when the two peach varieties grow to be eight minutes ripe, harvesting, and classifying and packaging for multiple times.
Further, when the peach seedlings grow to 10cm in height in the step 1, transplanting is started with the plant spacing of 10-15cm and the row spacing of 20-30 cm.
Furthermore, the scions of two different varieties adopted in the step 2 have pure female parent tree varieties, high quality, high yield and no insect damage, and the two scion varieties need similar growth vigor, similar fruit setting positions and matched fruit sizes.
Further, when two types of scions are grafted in the step 2, the scion with stronger growth vigor is grafted to the middle part of the hypocotyl, and meanwhile, the scion variety with weaker growth vigor is subjected to top grafting.
Further, the scion in the step 2 is selected from the vegetative shoots which are fully mature, robust and plump in bud eyes at the middle upper part of the periphery of the crown of the female parent and are used as the scion.
Furthermore, in the step 2, when the grafted seedlings are lifted and taken out of the nursery, the damage to the roots is reduced, the damaged surfaces of the main roots and the side roots of the seedlings are trimmed smoothly after the seedlings are lifted, and meanwhile, the tender branches, the weak branches and the disease and pest branches are trimmed.
Furthermore, a layer of rice straw is laid on the bottom layer of each planting hole in the step 3, surface soil is covered to 20cm, and 40-50kg of organic fertilizer, 0.5-1kg of calcium superphosphate and soil are uniformly mixed and applied.
Further, bagging is carried out timely after the fruits are set in the step 5, white paper bags with good light transmittance are used for bagging, and the bags are removed 1 week before harvesting.
The invention has the advantages that:
the peach tree planting method disclosed by the invention fully combines the novel industry form of agriculture and travel combination of the existing sightseeing tour, on the basis of the traditional peach tree planting method, a wild peach with strong grafting affinity and high stress resistance is adopted as a stock, two high-quality and high-yield scion varieties with similar growth vigor are selected and grafted simultaneously, the growth speed of branches of the two varieties is relatively close to the flowering and fruiting period, the fruit shapes of the obtained fruits are close to the size, the ornamental performance is higher, the novel and attractive planting mode can obtain two excellent peach varieties simultaneously, the interest of consumers is powerfully improved, the income of agriculture and travel is increased, and the economic benefit and the social benefit are very good.
In the planting process, the whole tree vigor of the peach tree is strong, the branch forming force is strong, the flower bud differentiation is excellent, the survival rate of two types of scions is guaranteed, the peach tree can bear fruits on long, medium and short branches, the common average yield of the two types of scions grown for three years can exceed 1000kg, the yield is stable, the fruit quality is high, and better technical support is provided for the development of the leisure agriculture industry.
Detailed Description
The technical scheme of the invention is further explained by combining the specific examples as follows:
example 1
A peach tree grafting planting method comprises the following steps:
(1) selecting wild peaches as stocks, collecting seeds after the wild peaches are mature, sowing and cultivating, transplanting the wild peaches at the plant spacing of 12cm and the row spacing of 25cm when the wild peaches grow to the height of 10cm, loosening soil and fertilizing after transplanting to obtain high-quality wild peach stocks;
(2) selecting two different types of scions, wherein the female parent tree variety is pure, high-quality, high-yield and free of insect damage, the scions are selected from fully mature and robust vegetative branches with full bud eyes at the middle upper part of the periphery of the crown of the female parent tree, the two types of scions need similar growth vigor, close fruit bearing positions and are matched in fruit size, the scions of the two different types to be grafted are grafted to the middle part of a hypocotyl of a peach stock by adopting a top grafting method and a side grafting method respectively, during grafting, the scion with strong growth vigor is grafted to the middle part of the hypocotyl, meanwhile, the scion with weak growth vigor is subjected to top grafting, after grafting, conventional seedling management is adopted, after 2 weeks, the scion is cut at a position 4cm away from grafted buds, sprouts below a grafting port are removed in time, when the height of a seedling reaches 0.5 m, the scion is removed from the heart and dried, after the grafted seedlings grow to leaves, the nursery can be transplanted, and root damage is, after the seedlings are dug up, pruning the wound surfaces of main roots and lateral roots of the seedlings to be smooth, and meanwhile, pruning twigs, weak branches and insect-disease branches;
(3) planting the grafted seedlings in fixed planting holes with the diameter of 1.2 meters and the depth of 1.1 meters by adopting a plant spacing of 4 meters and a row spacing of 3 meters with root soil balls, laying a layer of rice straw on the bottom layer of each fixed planting hole, covering surface soil to 20cm, uniformly mixing 45kg of organic fertilizer and 0.8kg of calcium superphosphate with the soil, applying the mixture, tamping the soil after fixed planting, fixing a tree plate, and watering sufficient root fixing water;
(4) pruning in summer in 4-5 months, wiping off the overgrown branches in the inner chamber, pruning off competitive buds on the upper part, and twisting the upright vigorous branches and the overgrown branches 180 degrees from the position 13cm above the base part when the young shoots grow to 0.5 m, and meanwhile bending the upright branches down through binding ropes to correct the opening angle; pruning in winter in 11-12 months, cutting off branches after main branches are kept for 45cm, and keeping external buds, removing excessive branches in an inner chamber, and promoting the development of bearing branches;
(5) thinning half of flower buds when peach flower buds are expanded and do not open, thinning weak flowers, too late flowers and pest-infected flowers after flowering, starting thinning fruits 3 weeks after the flowering, thinning dense fruits, too small fruits and malformed fruits, thinning fruits once after 14 days, then fixing fruits, reserving 4 fruits on long fruit branches, reserving 2 fruits on middle fruit branches, reserving 1 fruit on short fruit branches, reserving fruit spacing of 16cm, timely bagging after fixing fruits, adopting white paper bags with good light transmittance, and removing the bags 1 week before harvesting;
(6) when the two peach varieties grow to be eight minutes ripe, harvesting, and classifying and packaging for multiple times.
Example 2
A peach tree grafting planting method comprises the following steps:
(1) selecting wild peaches as stocks, collecting seeds after the wild peaches are mature, sowing and cultivating, transplanting the wild peaches at the plant spacing of 10cm and the row spacing of 30cm when the wild peaches grow to the height of 10cm, loosening soil and fertilizing after transplanting to obtain high-quality wild peach stocks;
(2) selecting two different types of scions, wherein the female parent tree variety is pure, high-quality, high-yield and free of insect damage, the scions are selected from fully mature and robust vegetative branches with full bud eyes at the middle upper part of the periphery of the crown of the female parent tree, the two types of scions need similar growth vigor, close fruit bearing positions and are matched in fruit size, the scions of the two different types to be grafted are grafted to the middle part of a hypocotyl of a peach stock by adopting a top grafting method and a side grafting method respectively, during grafting, the scion with strong growth vigor is grafted to the middle part of the hypocotyl, meanwhile, the scion with weak growth vigor is subjected to top grafting, after grafting, conventional seedling management is adopted, after 2 weeks, the scion is cut at a position 3cm away from grafted buds, sprouts below a grafting port are removed in time, when the height of a seedling reaches 0.5 m, the scion is removed from the heart and dried, after the grafted seedlings grow to leaves, the nursery can be transplanted, and root damage is, after the seedlings are dug up, pruning the wound surfaces of main roots and lateral roots of the seedlings to be smooth, and meanwhile, pruning twigs, weak branches and insect-disease branches;
(3) planting the grafted seedlings in planting holes with the diameter of 1 meter and the depth of 1 meter by adopting a soil ball with the root and the plant spacing of 3 meters and the row spacing of 4 meters, laying a layer of rice straw on the bottom layer of each planting hole, covering surface soil to 20cm, uniformly mixing organic fertilizer 40kg and calcium superphosphate 1kg with the soil, applying, tamping the soil after planting, fixing a tree tray, and pouring sufficient root fixing water;
(4) pruning in summer in 4-5 months, wiping off the overgrown branches in the inner chamber, pruning off competitive buds on the upper part, and twisting the upright vigorous branches and the overgrown branches 180 degrees from a position 10cm above the base part when the young shoots grow to 0.5 m, and meanwhile bending the upright branches down through binding ropes to correct the opening angle; pruning in winter in 11-12 months, cutting off branches after 30cm of main branches are reserved, reserving external buds, removing excessive branches in an inner chamber, and promoting the development of bearing branches;
(5) thinning half of flower buds when peach flower buds are expanded and do not open, thinning weak flowers, late flowers and pest-infected flowers after flowering, starting thinning fruits 3 weeks after the flowering, thinning dense fruits, small fruits and malformed fruits, thinning fruits once after 10 days, then fixing fruits, reserving 3 fruits on long fruit branches, reserving 2 fruits on middle fruit branches, reserving 1 fruit on short fruit branches, reserving the fruit spacing of 15cm, timely bagging after fixing fruits, adopting white paper bags with good light transmittance, and removing the bags 1 week before harvesting;
(6) when the two peach varieties grow to be eight minutes ripe, harvesting, and classifying and packaging for multiple times.
Example 3
A peach tree grafting planting method comprises the following steps:
(1) selecting wild peaches as stocks, collecting seeds after the wild peaches are mature, sowing and cultivating, transplanting the wild peaches at the plant spacing of 15cm and the row spacing of 20cm when the wild peaches grow to the height of 10cm, loosening soil and fertilizing after transplanting to obtain high-quality wild peach stocks;
(2) selecting two different types of scions, wherein the female parent tree variety of the scions is pure, high-quality, high-yield and free of insect damage, the scions are selected from fully mature and robust vegetative branches with full bud eyes at the middle upper part of the periphery of the crown of the female parent tree, the two types of scions need similar growth vigor, close fruit bearing nodes and matched fruit sizes, the scions of the two different types to be grafted are grafted to the middle part of a hypocotyl of a peach stock by adopting a top grafting method and a side grafting method respectively, during grafting, the scion with strong growth vigor is grafted to the middle part of the hypocotyl, meanwhile, the scion with weak growth vigor is subjected to top grafting, after grafting, conventional seedling management is adopted, after 3 weeks, a stock is cut at a position 5cm away from a grafted bud, the bud below a grafting port is removed in time, when the height of the seedling reaches 0.5 m, the core is removed and the trunk is fixed, after the seedling grows to leaves, the grafted seedling can be transplanted in a nursery, and, after the seedlings are dug up, pruning the wound surfaces of main roots and lateral roots of the seedlings to be smooth, and meanwhile, pruning twigs, weak branches and insect-disease branches;
(3) planting the grafted seedlings in fixed planting holes with the diameter of 1.5 meters and the depth of 1.2 meters by adopting a planting distance of 5 meters and a row spacing of 2 meters with root soil balls, laying a layer of rice straw on the bottom layer of each fixed planting hole, covering surface soil to 20cm, uniformly mixing 50kg of organic fertilizer and 0.5kg of calcium superphosphate with the soil, applying, tamping the soil after fixed planting, fixing a tree plate, and watering sufficient root fixing water;
(4) pruning in summer in 4-5 months, wiping off the overgrown branches in the inner chamber, pruning off competitive buds on the upper part, and twisting the upright vigorous branches and the overgrown branches 180 degrees from the position 15cm above the base part when the young shoots grow to 0.5 m, and meanwhile bending the upright branches down through binding ropes to correct the opening angle; pruning in winter in 11-12 months, cutting off the main branches after the main branches are kept for 60cm, and keeping the external buds, removing excessive branches in the inner chamber, and promoting the development of bearing branches;
(5) thinning half of flower buds when peach flower buds are expanded and do not open, thinning weak flowers, late flowers and pest-infected flowers after flowering, starting thinning fruits 3 weeks after the flowering, thinning dense fruits, small fruits and malformed fruits, thinning fruits once after 15 days, then fixing fruits, reserving 4 fruits on long fruit branches, reserving 2 fruits on middle fruit branches, reserving 1 fruit on short fruit branches, reserving the fruit spacing of 20cm, timely bagging after fixing fruits, adopting white paper bags with good light transmittance, and removing the bags 1 week before harvesting;
(6) when the two peach varieties grow to be eight minutes ripe, harvesting, and classifying and packaging for multiple times.
The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention, and various modifications and changes may be made by those skilled in the art. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims (8)

1. The peach tree grafting planting method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) selecting wild peaches as stocks, collecting seeds after the wild peaches are mature, sowing and cultivating, loosening soil and fertilizing after seedling emergence and transplantation to obtain high-quality wild peach stocks;
(2) grafting two different varieties of scions to be grafted to the middle part of a hypocotyl of a wild peach stock by adopting a top grafting method and a side grafting method respectively, performing conventional seedling management after grafting is completed, cutting a stock 3-5cm away from a grafted bud after 2-3 weeks, timely erasing the bud below a grafting port, performing coring and drying when the height of the seedling reaches 0.5 m, and taking the grafted seedling out of a nursery for planting after the grafted seedling grows to a fallen leaf;
(3) planting the grafted seedling in a planting hole with the diameter of 1-1.5 m and the depth of 1-1.2 m by adopting a soil ball with the root and the row spacing of 3-5 m and the row spacing of 2-4 m, tamping soil after planting, fixing a tree plate, and watering sufficient root fixing water;
(4) pruning in summer in 4-5 months, wiping off the overgrown branches in the inner chamber, pruning off competitive buds on the upper part, and twisting the upright vigorous branches and the overgrown branches 180 degrees from a position 10-15cm above the base part when the young shoots grow to 0.5 m, and meanwhile bending the upright branches down through binding ropes to correct the opening angle; pruning in winter in 11-12 months, cutting off branches after 30-60cm of main branches are reserved, reserving external buds, removing excessive branches in an inner chamber, and promoting the development of bearing branches;
(5) thinning half flower buds when peach flower buds are expanded and do not open, thinning weak flowers, late flowers and pest-infected flowers after flowering, starting thinning fruits 3 weeks after the flowers are withered, thinning dense fruits, small fruits and malformed fruits, thinning the fruits once after 10-15 days, then fixing the fruits, reserving 3-4 fruits on long fruit branches, reserving 2 fruits on middle fruit branches, reserving 1 fruit on short fruit branches, and reserving the fruit intervals of 15-20 cm;
(6) when the two peach varieties grow to be eight minutes ripe, harvesting, and classifying and packaging for multiple times.
2. The peach tree grafting planting method according to claim 1, wherein when the peach seedlings grow to 10cm high in step 1, the transplanting is started with a plant spacing of 10-15cm and a row spacing of 20-30 cm.
3. A peach tree grafting planting method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the scions of two different species used in step 2 are pure, high quality, high yield and free of insect damage, and the two scion species need to have similar growth vigor, similar fruit bearing node positions and matched fruit sizes.
4. A peach tree grafting planting method as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the step 2, when two types of scions are grafted, scions with strong growth vigor are grafted to the middle part of the hypocotyl, and scion varieties with weak growth vigor are top-inserted.
5. The grafting cultivation method for the peach tree according to claim 1, wherein the scion in the step 2 is selected from vegetative shoots which are fully mature, strong and plump in bud eyes at the middle upper part of the periphery of the crown of the female parent tree and are used as the scions.
6. A peach tree grafting planting method as claimed in claim 1, wherein care is taken to reduce root damage when the grafted seedling in step 2 is lifted out of the nursery, and the wounded surface of the main root and the lateral root of the seedling is trimmed and smoothed after the seedling is lifted, and meanwhile, the young branch, the weak branch and the insect-infected branch are trimmed.
7. A peach tree grafting planting method as claimed in claim 1, wherein in step 3, a layer of rice straw is laid on the bottom layer of each planting hole, surface soil is covered to 20cm, and organic fertilizer 40-50kg and calcium superphosphate 0.5-1kg are uniformly mixed with the soil.
8. The grafting planting method for the peach tree according to claim 1, wherein the peach tree is bagged in time after the fruit setting in the step 5, white paper bags with good light transmittance are used for bagging, and the bags are removed 1 week before harvesting.
CN202011497254.0A 2020-12-17 2020-12-17 Peach tree grafting planting method Withdrawn CN112425390A (en)

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Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN114027043A (en) * 2021-12-20 2022-02-11 许夕之 Fast-growing and high-yield cultivation method for grafting improved variety bud seedlings of peach trees

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN114027043A (en) * 2021-12-20 2022-02-11 许夕之 Fast-growing and high-yield cultivation method for grafting improved variety bud seedlings of peach trees

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Application publication date: 20210302