CN113813410A - 在建筑中使用智能占用检测和控制以减少疾病传播 - Google Patents

在建筑中使用智能占用检测和控制以减少疾病传播 Download PDF

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CN113813410A
CN113813410A CN202110658463.7A CN202110658463A CN113813410A CN 113813410 A CN113813410 A CN 113813410A CN 202110658463 A CN202110658463 A CN 202110658463A CN 113813410 A CN113813410 A CN 113813410A
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CN113813410B (zh
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A·韦利格
C·英肯
K·托勒
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Honeywell International Inc
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Abstract

每次人穿过与建筑空间相对应的访问点时，从占用传感器接收信号，并且将信号识别为指示人进入或离开建筑空间。通过在信号指示人进入时递增占用计数并且在信号指示人离开时递减占用计数，维护针对建筑空间中的每个建筑空间的占用计数。确定针对多个建筑空间中的建筑空间中的任何建筑空间的占用计数是否已达到针对对应建筑空间的阈值。响应于确定针对多个建筑空间中的建筑空间中的任何建筑空间的占用计数已达到针对特定建筑空间的阈值而执行动作。

Description

在建筑中使用智能占用检测和控制以减少疾病传播
技术领域
本公开整体涉及设施管理***，并且更具体地，涉及用于降低建筑的占用者之间进行疾病传播的风险的***和方法。
背景技术
感染性疾病可通过人与人的接触、触摸受污染的表面、暴露于空气传播病原体以及其他传播机制传播。期望帮助限制疾病在建筑的占用者之间传播的***和方法。
发明内容
本公开整体涉及用于降低建筑的占用者之间进行疾病传播的风险的***和方法。在一个示例中，方法包括追踪包括多个建筑空间的建筑内的占用，其中每个建筑空间包括允许访问该建筑空间的访问点。每个建筑空间包括一个或多个传感器，所述一个或多个传感器在人穿过访问点进入建筑空间时提供信号。每次人穿过与建筑的所述多个建筑空间中的建筑空间相对应的访问点时，从传感器接收信号。将该信号识别为指示人进入或离开所述多个建筑空间中的建筑空间。通过在信号指示人进入建筑空间时递增占用计数并且在信号指示人离开建筑空间时递减占用计数，维护针对所述多个建筑空间中的每个建筑空间的占用计数。确定针对所述多个建筑空间中的任何建筑空间的占用计数是否已达到针对对应建筑空间的阈值。响应于确定针对所述多个建筑空间中的任何建筑空间的占用计数已达到针对该特定建筑空间的阈值而执行动作。
在一些情况下，访问点可充当虚拟围墙或门。虚拟围墙可允许***维护当前处于空间中的占用者的准确计数，而不必在整个空间中配备传感器。整个空间中不含传感器还可帮助增加占用者在处于空间中时的隐私。
在另一个示例中，***追踪具有多个建筑空间的建筑内的占用。该***包括分布在建筑的所述多个建筑空间中的至少一些建筑空间中的每个建筑空间中的多个可见光源，其中所述多个可见光源中的每个可见光源与对应的占用传感器相关联(或具有对应的占用传感器)，其中当检测到占用时，对应的可见光源打开，并且当未检测到占用时，对应的可见光源关闭。控制器操作地耦接到占用传感器中的至少一些占用传感器，并且被配置为监测这些占用传感器以推断建筑的所述多个建筑空间中的所述至少一些建筑空间中的每个建筑空间中的占用分布。控制器被配置为将建筑的所述多个建筑空间中的所述至少一些建筑空间中的每个建筑空间中的占用分布与对应的占用分布阈值进行对比，以及响应于确定建筑的所述多个建筑空间中的所述至少一些建筑空间中的一个或多个建筑空间中的占用分布超过对应的占用分布阈值而执行动作。
在另一个示例中，***对包括多个建筑空间的建筑内的空间进行消毒。该***包括分布在建筑的所述多个建筑空间中的至少一些建筑空间中的每个建筑空间中的多个可见光源，其中所述多个可见光源中的每个可见光源与对应的占用传感器相关联，其中当检测到占用时，对应的灯打开，并且当未检测到占用时，对应的灯关闭。多个消毒UV光源分布在建筑的所述多个建筑空间中的至少一些建筑空间中的每个建筑空间中，其中当被激活时，所述多个UV光源对对应的建筑空间中的至少一些表面进行消毒。控制器操作地耦接到占用传感器中的至少一些占用传感器和所述多个UV光源。该控制器被配置为监测占用传感器以确定建筑的所述多个建筑空间中的一个或多个建筑空间何时未被占用，激活建筑的所述多个建筑空间中被确定为未被占用的一个或多个建筑空间中的UV光源中的一个或多个UV光源，以及监测占用传感器以确定建筑的所述多个建筑空间中UV光源中的一个或多个UV光源曾被激活的一个或多个建筑空间是否变为被重新占用，如果确定被重新占用，则停用对应的UV光源。
提供前面的发明内容是为了便于理解本公开所特有的一些创新特征，而并非意图作为完整的描述。通过将整个说明书、权利要求书、附图和说明书摘要视作一个整体，可以获得对本公开的全面理解。
附图说明
结合附图考虑以下对各种示例的描述，可以更全面地理解本公开，在附图中：
图1是例示性建筑管理***的示意性框图；
图2是例示性建筑管理***的示意性框图；
图3是例示性建筑管理***的示意性框图；
图4是例示性建筑管理***的示意性框图；
图5是例示性建筑管理***的示意性框图；
图6是示出可经由图1至图5的例示性建筑管理***执行的例示性方法的流程图；
图7是示出可经由图1至图5的例示性建筑管理***执行的例示性方法的流程图；并且
图8是示出感测和对应动作之间关系的示意性框图。
虽然本公开服从于各种修改和另选形式，但是其细节已经在附图中以示例的方式示出并将被详细描述。然而，应当理解，其意图并非是将本公开限制于所述的特定示例。相反，其意图是覆盖落入本公开的实质和范围内的所有修改、等同物和替代方案。
具体实施方式
应参考附图阅读以下描述，其中不同附图中的相似元件以相同的方式编号。附图未必按比例绘制，其描绘了不旨在限制本公开范围的示例。虽然展示了各种元件的示例，但是本领域的技术人员将认识到，所提供的许多示例具有可以利用的合适替代方案。
本文假设所有数字均由术语“约”修饰，除非内容另有明确说明。用端点对数值范围的表述包括包含在该范围内的所有数字(例如，1至5包括1、1.5、2、2.75、3、3.80、4和5)。
如在本说明书和所附权利要求中所使用的，单数形式“一”、“一个”和“该”包括复数指代物，除非内容另有明确说明。如在本说明书和所附权利要求中所使用的，术语“或”通常以其包括“和/或”的意义使用，除非内容另有明确说明。
应当注意，在说明书中提及“一个实施方案”、“一些实施方案”、“其他实施方案”等，是指示所描述的实施方案可以包括特定的特征、结构或特性，但是每个实施方案可以不必包括该特定的特征、结构或特性。而且，这些短语不一定是指同一实施方案。另外，当结合一个实施方案描述特定的特征、结构或特性时，设想该特征、结构或特性结合一个实施方案进行描述，并且设想无论是否明确描述，该特征、结构或特性都可以应用于其他实施方案，除非有明确的相反说明。
图1是例示性建筑管理***10的示意性框图。例示性建筑管理***10安装在建筑12中，并且可视为被配置为降低建筑12内的病原性暴露的风险。建筑12包括多个建筑空间14，所述多个建筑空间分别被标记为14a、14b、14c。应当理解，这仅仅是例示性的，因为建筑12通常将包括更多数量的建筑空间14或区域。建筑空间14中的至少一些建筑空间可周期性地在建筑空间14内容纳一个或多个人。在一些情况下，建筑12可以是酒店，因此，建筑空间14可以是可单独租用的客房。建筑12可以是办公楼或者是办公楼的一部分，因此，建筑空间14可以是各个办公室或工作空间。在一些情况下，本公开可适用于游轮。
建筑空间14中的每个建筑空间包括一个或多个占用传感器16，但在建筑空间14中的每个建筑空间中仅示出了一个占用传感器16。占用传感器16分别被标记为16a、16b、16c。占用传感器16中的至少一些占用传感器可以是例如PIR传感器、毫米波传感器、运动传感器和/或麦克风。占用传感器16中的一些占用传感器可以是例如建筑12的安全***的一部分。在一些情况下，占用传感器16中的一些占用传感器可以是摄像机，这些摄像机与视频分析耦接以检测一个或多个人的存在，并且因此确定占用。占用检测可包括检测人的存在，包括对人进行计数。占用检测还可包括行为指标，诸如洗手、疾病病征诸如发烧和咳嗽、人与人之间的间距等。
建筑空间14中的每个建筑空间还包括一个或多个环境传感器18，但在建筑空间14的每个建筑空间中仅示出了一个环境传感器18。环境传感器18分别被标记为18a、18b、18c。环境传感器18可以是例如传感器，诸如温度传感器、湿度传感器、可见光传感器、UV传感器、颗粒物(例如，PM2.5、PM10)传感器、VOC传感器、空气传播和水传播病原体传感器、CO传感器、CO2传感器、臭氧传感器和/或任何其他适应环境的传感器。在一些情况下，环境传感器18中的一些环境传感器可视为室内空气质量(IAQ)传感器。在一些情况下，环境传感器18中的一个或多个环境传感器可设置在建筑空间14中的至少一些建筑空间内的房间恒温器内。
在一些情况下，感测环境参数通常可包括感测气压，具体地包括感测跨建筑12的气压差。已经发现，气压差可提供对穿过建筑12的气流的一般指示。例如，从较高压力区域流动到较低压力区域的空气填充流。例如，测量气压差还可提供对打开和关闭窗户和门可如何影响穿过建筑12的气流的指示。除其他HVAC能力之外，测量气压差还可提供对打开或关闭通风或者调高或调低通风速率的影响的指示。在一些情况下，受控气流是美国采暖、制冷与空调工程师学会(American Society of Heating，Refrigerating and AirConditioning Engineers，ASHRAE)强调用于控制空气传播病原体传播的关键技术之一。
例如，如果建筑空间14位于医院手术室中，则期望将手术室内的气压维持为高于相邻空间的气压。这能有助于限制空气传播病原体进入手术室，因为任何空气运动将趋于从手术室内部到手术室外部。如果建筑空间14未被占用，则可能期望减少向建筑空间14提供经调节的空气的管道中的气流，以便增加任何空气传播病原体在消毒过程中暴露于UV光的时间量。这些只是示例。
建筑空间14中的每个建筑空间包括一个或多个可控建筑部件20，但在建筑空间14中的每个建筑空间中仅示出了一个可控建筑部件20。可控建筑部件20中的每个可控建筑部件可视为被配置为控制建筑空间14内的环境条件，以便降低建筑12的占用者之间进行疾病传播的可能性。可控建筑部件20中的至少一些可控建筑部件可包括加热、通风和空调***(HVAC)部件，诸如加热源、冷却源、通风源、加湿器和除湿器，仅作举例。可控建筑部件20中的至少一些可控建筑部件可包括消毒部件。消毒部件的示例包括可用于对建筑空间14内的表面进行消毒的UV光源。UV光源也可用于对HVAC***的部件进行消毒，诸如但不限于对HVAC***内的过滤器进行消毒。这可包括清洁过滤介质以及静电过滤器。
UV光谱的范围在约100纳米(nm)至约400nm。UV光谱包括UV-A，其范围在315nm至400nm。该UV光谱还包括UV-B，其范围在280nm至315nm。UV-C对消毒尤其有效，其范围在200nm至280nm。还存在远-UVC，其范围在207nm至222nm，因此是UV-C光谱的子集。远-UVC对消毒也尤其有效，并且据信其对人类皮肤和眼睛无害。UV光谱还包括VUV远-UV，其范围在100nm至200nm。在一些情况下，可控建筑部件20中的至少一些可控建筑部件可包括UV-C光源，该UV-C光源被配置为提供UV-C光达足以对建筑空间14内的表面进行消毒的时间段。例如，根据许多因素诸如UV-C光源的强度以及UV-C光源与待消毒表面之间的距离，可能耗费一段时间诸如5分钟、10分钟、30分钟、1小时、2小时、3小时或更长时间。
在所示的示例中，占用传感器16中的每个占用传感器、环境传感器18中的每个环境传感器和可控建筑部件20中的每个可控建筑部件都可操作地与建筑网络22耦接。控制器24可操作地与建筑网络22耦接，使得控制器24能够从占用传感器16接收占用数据并且从环境传感器18接收室内空气质量数据。因此，所述一个或多个占用传感器16中的每个占用传感器可视为通过建筑网络22提供占用信号。类似地，所述一个或多个环境传感器18中的每个环境传感器可视为通过建筑网络22提供空气质量参数信号。在一些情况下，所述一个或多个环境传感器18可提供对二氧化碳浓度的测量结果作为基本占用指标。应当理解，二氧化碳浓度将随着额外的人存在于建筑空间14内而增大，并且将随着人离开建筑空间14而降低。
控制器24还能够经由建筑网络22向可控建筑部件20提供控制信号。可以设想建筑网络22可以是有线网络、无线网络或有线和无线的结合。应当理解，虽然控制器24被示出为位于建筑12内部，但这并非在所有情况下都是必需的。在一些情况下，控制器24可自身实现于一个或多个计算装置内，所述一个或多个计算装置可位于建筑12本地或可远离建筑12。在一些情况下，控制器24的全部或部分可实现于基于云的服务器内。
在一些情况下，控制器24被配置为通过建筑网络22从所述一个或多个占用传感器16接收占用信号，并且通过建筑网络22从所述一个或多个环境传感器18接收室内空气质量参数信号。控制器24被配置为处理所接收的占用信号或所接收的室内空气质量参数信号(有时一同处理)，以确定是否需要执行动作来改善所述多个建筑空间14中的至少一些建筑空间内的一个或多个环境条件，以便降低建筑12的占用者之间进行疾病传播的可能性。响应于确定需要动作，控制器24被配置为通过建筑网络向可控建筑部件中的一个或多个可控建筑部件发送控制信号，以改善所述多个建筑空间中的至少一些建筑空间内的一个或多个环境条件以降低建筑的占用者之间进行疾病传播的可能性。
在一些情况下，控制器24被配置为处理所接收的占用信号中的一个或多个占用信号以识别建筑12的占用者中的一个或多个占用者对一个或多个预定义行为标准的合规性的量度。在一些情况下，占用信号可包括定位传感器，这些定位传感器可报告建筑的所述一个或多个占用者的位置。定位传感器可包括例如可用于追踪占用者电话在建筑中的位置的蓝牙或WiFi信标。可以设想定位传感器可以是可识别所述一个或多个占用者在建筑中的位置的任何定位传感器或***。在一些情况下，占用信号可包括来自摄像机的视频信号或来自室内雷达传感器(例如，毫米波传感器)的信号，这些信号可用于识别建筑12的占用者中的一个或多个占用者对一个或多个预定义行为标准的合规性。这些只是示例。
预定义行为标准的一个示例包括社交距离保持标准。在一些情况下，维持人与人之间的最小距离可帮助防止疾病传播。社交距离保持可帮助减少或限制疾病从有症状携带者和无症状携带者传播。社交距离保持标准可被设定为个体应努力在其自身和其他个体之间保持的特定物理距离，并且可至少部分地基于特定环境来确定。人在说话、呼吸、咳嗽等时会产生气溶胶。如果人们保持足够远的间距，则这些气溶胶能够在到达另一个可能吸入气溶胶并被感染的人之前从空气中掉落。相对湿度能影响气溶胶可行进的距离。例如，社交距离保持标准可被设定为等于6英尺或12英尺。
预定义行为标准的另一个示例包括每个建筑空间标准的最多人数。这可等同于特定建筑空间14的最大容量，诸如消防规范所规定的。每个建筑空间标准的最多人数可规定减少的最大容量，特别是在据信特定病原体的确具有活性的时间期间。例如，在病原体具有活性的时间期间，每个建筑空间标准的最多人数可被设定为等于消防规范所规定的最大占用的百分之五十。每个建筑空间标准的最多人数可被设定为等于消防规范所规定的最大占用数的百分之二十五。这些仅仅是示例，因为这些数字可根据特定病原体的传播能力、建筑12内的人对该特定病原体的易感性等而变化。
作为另一个示例，预定义行为标准可包括卫生标准。卫生标准的示例包括个体是否佩戴口罩，特别是在人处于建筑12内部并且不总是符合社交距离保持标准的情况下。卫生标准还可基于两人可彼此接近的时间长度来规定是否需要佩戴口罩，因为暴露的时长可影响病原体传播的程度或可能性。例如，人暴露于携带者的时间越长，将可能暴露于的病原体越多，因此现在可能拥有的病原体越多。卫生标准的另一个示例涉及洗手。这可与要求人在使用卫生间后洗手一样简单。这还可包括例如要求人在每次从一个空间移动到另一个空间后洗手，或者在即将吃东西或喝东西前洗手。洗手标准可指定预期洗手持续的时间以便有效。例如，设想二十秒的洗手时间。卫生标准还可包括指定人是否佩戴手套，以及关于预期人何时、何处和如何佩戴手套的细节。预定义行为标准可包括确定对卫生标准的合规性，诸如但不限于佩戴手套、佩戴口罩和洗手。
在一些情况下，预定义行为标准可包括症状标准。根据疑似病原体或由此产生的疾病，应当理解，具有疑似病原体或患有疾病的有症状个体可具有多种不同症状中的任何症状。例如，各种呼吸***疾病可具有包括咳嗽和/或打喷嚏的症状。体温升高(俗称发烧)也是常见的疾病症状，因为在许多情况下，体温升高是人的免疫***试图抑制病原体的结果。
在一些情况下，预定义行为标准可包括与清洁人员相关联的清洁标准。这可包括例如正确的区域在应该被清洁时是否被清洁。这可包括清洁过程的实际持续时间是否满足或超过针对该特定建筑空间、该特定清洁人员等的清洁时间标准。清洁标准还可指自动清洁和消毒过程，诸如但不限于将一个或多个表面暴露于例如UV-C光的预期持续时间。消毒过程可被设定为持续特定的时间长度，但消毒过程可被中断，例如在门过早地打开的情况下。在一些情况下，感测控制可被集成到工作流应用中，以便提供向清洁职员提供实时洞悉的清洁得分或地图。这可有利于清洁职员能够例如识别和处理任何遗漏的污迹。
控制器24可被配置为处理所接收的占用信号中的一个或多个占用信号以识别建筑12的所述多个建筑空间14中的一个或多个建筑空间内的占用者总数的量度，并且可使用建筑12的所述多个建筑空间14中的一个或多个建筑空间内的占用者总数的量度来确定是否需要动作。在一些情况下，控制器24可被配置为确定一个或多个人何时需要执行动作来改善所述多个建筑空间14中的至少一些建筑空间内的一个或多个环境条件以降低建筑12的占用者之间进行疾病传播的可能性，以及提供通知。在一些情况下，控制器24可被配置为随时间推移追踪占用，并且因此可能够学习预期特定建筑空间14何时保持为空。
在一些情况下，控制器24可被配置为当一个或多个室内空气质量参数超过针对对应的一个或多个室内空气质量参数的阈值时确定需要执行动作以维护室内空气质量，并且作为响应，控制器24可被配置为输出适当的控制信号，这些控制信号请求例如增加到建筑空间14的新鲜空气、升高或降低温度和/或湿度水平和/或对环境的任何其他合适的改变。
在一些情况下，控制器24可被配置为当建筑空间14中的一个或多个建筑空间具有高于第一占用阈值的指示占用时确定需要执行动作以维护室内空气质量，并且作为响应，控制器24可被配置为输出适当的控制信号，这些控制信号请求例如增加到建筑空间14的新鲜空气、升高或降低温度和/或湿度水平和/或对环境的任何其他合适的改变。控制器24可被配置为当建筑空间14中的一个或多个建筑空间具有处于第二占用阈值的指示占用时确定需要执行动作以维护室内空气质量，并且作为响应，控制器24可被配置为输出适当的控制信号，这些控制信号指示在所述一个或多个建筑空间中不允许存在额外的人。控制信号可包括用于占用已达到第二阈值的听觉和/或视觉警告的指令，和/或用于锁定一个或多个门以便防止额外的人进入所述一个或多个建筑空间的指令。
在一些情况下，控制器24可被配置为处理所接收的室内空气质量参数信号中的一个或多个室内空气质量参数信号以识别对一个或多个空气质量标准的合规性的量度。空气质量标准的示例包括相对湿度标准和温度标准。空气质量标准的其他示例包括二氧化碳(CO2)标准、一氧化碳(CO)标准、颗粒物(PM)标准、病原体浓度标准、挥发性有机化合物(VOC)标准、H2CO标准。
图2是例示性建筑管理***30的示意性框图。例示性建筑管理***30被示出为安装在建筑12中，并且可视为被配置为降低建筑12内的病原性暴露的风险。建筑12包括多个建筑空间32，所述多个建筑空间分别被标记为32a、32ab、32c。应当理解，这仅仅是例示性的，因为建筑12通常将包括更多数量的建筑空间32或区域。建筑空间32中的至少一些建筑空间可周期性地在建筑空间32内容纳一个或多个人。在一些情况下，建筑空间32中的至少一些建筑空间可视为建筑空间14的示例。建筑空间32中的至少一些建筑空间可包括归属于建筑空间14的特征。建筑空间14中的至少一些建筑空间可包括归属于建筑空间32的特征。
除占用传感器16之外，建筑空间32中的每个建筑空间包括一个或多个消毒机34，但在建筑空间32中的每个建筑空间中仅示出了一个消毒机34。消毒机分别被标记为34a、34b、34c。在一些情况下，消毒机34可各自为UV-C光源。消毒机34可视为定位来对对应建筑空间32内的表面进行消毒。还可设想使用其他工艺诸如等离子体和电离来进行消毒。所述一个或多个占用传感器16中的每个占用传感器可视为定位来检测所述多个建筑空间32中的每个建筑空间内的占用，并且可视为可操作地耦接到建筑网络22。控制器24被配置为从所述一个或多个占用传感器16接收占用信号，并且处理占用信号以确定特定建筑空间32是否应进行消毒并且当前是否可用于消毒。在一些情况下，确定特定建筑空间32是否应进行消毒至少部分地基于该特定建筑空间32自上次消毒以来的时间长度和/或该特定建筑空间32自上次消毒以来的占用人数。响应于确定特定建筑空间32应进行消毒并且当前可用于消毒，控制器24将适当的控制信号输出到所述一个或多个消毒机34中的一个或多个消毒机以开始对特定建筑空间32进行消毒。
图3是例示性建筑管理***40的示意性框图。例示性建筑管理***40被示出为安装在建筑12中，并且可视为被配置为对建筑12内的空间进行消毒。建筑12包括多个建筑空间42，所述多个建筑空间分别被标记为42a、42ab、42c。应当理解，这仅仅是例示性的，因为建筑12通常将包括更多数量的建筑空间42或区域。建筑空间42中的至少一些建筑空间可周期性地在建筑空间42内容纳一个或多个人。在一些情况下，建筑空间42中的至少一些建筑空间可视为包括归属于建筑空间14和/或建筑空间32的特征。建筑空间14和32中的至少一些建筑空间可包括归属于建筑空间42的特征。
除占用传感器16之外，建筑空间42中的每个建筑空间包括一个或多个可见光源44，但在建筑空间42中的每个建筑空间中仅示出了一个可见光源44。可见光源44分别被标记为44a、44b、44c。可见光源44可视为分布在建筑12中的所述多个建筑空间42中的至少一些建筑空间中的每个建筑空间中，其中所述多个可见光源44中的每个可见光源与对应的占用传感器16相关联，其中当检测到占用时，对应的可见光源44打开，并且当未检测到占用时，对应的可见光源44关闭。在一些情况下，占用传感器16中的一些占用传感器可被集成到对应的可见光源44中。
在一些情况下，控制器24可被配置为监测占用传感器16以推断建筑12的所述多个建筑空间42中的所述至少一些建筑空间中的每个建筑空间中的占用分布，以及将建筑12的所述多个建筑空间42中的所述至少一些建筑空间中的每个建筑空间中的占用分布与对应的占用分布阈值进行对比。控制器24可被配置为响应于确定建筑12的所述多个建筑空间42中的所述至少一些建筑空间中的一个或多个建筑空间中的占用分布超过对应的占用分布阈值而执行动作。执行动作可包括例如提供听觉和/或视觉警告，指示建筑12的所述多个建筑空间42中的所述至少一些建筑空间中的一个或多个建筑空间中的占用分布超过对应的占用分布阈值这只是示例。在一些情况下，所述多个建筑空间42中的一个建筑空间的占用分布阈值可与所述多个建筑空间42中的另一个建筑空间的占用分布阈值不同。
图4是例示性建筑管理***50的示意性框图。例示性建筑管理***50被示出为安装在建筑12中，并且可视为被配置为对建筑12内的空间进行消毒。建筑12包括多个建筑空间52，所述多个建筑空间分别被标记为52a、52ab、52c。应当理解，这仅仅是例示性的，因为建筑12通常将包括更多数量的建筑空间52或区域。建筑空间52中的至少一些建筑空间可周期性地在建筑空间52内容纳一个或多个人。在一些情况下，建筑空间52中的至少一些建筑空间可视为包括归属于建筑空间14和/或建筑空间32和/或建筑空间42的特征。建筑空间14、32和42中的至少一些建筑空间可包括归属于建筑空间52的特征。
除可见光源44和占用传感器16之外，建筑空间52中的每个建筑空间包括一个或多个UV光源54，但在建筑空间52中的每个建筑空间内仅示出了一个UV光源54。UV光源54可以是例如UV-C光源。UV光源54分别被标记为54a、54b、54c。可见光源44中的每个可见光源与对应的占用传感器16相关联，使得当(通过特定占用传感器16)检测到占用时，对应的可见光源44打开，并且当未检测到占用时，对应的可见光源44关闭。
控制器24可操作地耦接到占用传感器16中的至少一些占用传感器和所述多个UV光源54。在一些情况下，控制器24被配置为监测占用传感器16以确定建筑12的所述多个建筑空间52中的一个或多个建筑空间何时未被占用。控制器24可激活UV光源54中的处于建筑12的所述多个建筑空间52中被确定为未被占用的一个或多个建筑空间中的一个或多个UV光源。在一些情况下，控制器24还可至少部分地基于历史占用模式来确定建筑12的所述多个建筑空间52中的一个或多个建筑空间何时未被占用并且预期在至少预先确定的时间段内保持未占用。
在一些情况下，控制器24可在预先确定的时间段内激活所述一个或多个UV光源54。预先确定的时间段可以是用户可调节的，例如，通过建筑12的建筑管理来调节。可在初始配置***50时设定预先确定的时间段。控制器24可监测占用传感器16以确定建筑12的所述多个建筑空间52中激活了UV光源54中的所述一个或多个UV光源的一个或多个建筑空间是否被重新占用，如果被重新占用，则停用对应的UV光源54。这可帮助防止进入到建筑空间52中的个体暴露于可能造成损害的UV光。在一些情况下，建筑空间52可包括UVC传感器(未示出)，该UVC传感器向控制器24提供存在活动的UV光源(使得控制器24可提供警告，指示UV光源是活动的)并且控制器24可在检测到占用的情况下关闭UV光源的附加反馈。在一些情况下，当追踪消毒统计数值包括消毒过程的频率和/或持续时间时，可考虑来自UVC传感器的信号。
图5是例示性建筑管理***60的示意性框图。例示性建筑管理***60被示出为安装在建筑12内。建筑12包括多个建筑空间62，所述多个建筑空间分别被标记为62a、62ab至62n。建筑空间62中的至少一些建筑空间可周期性地在建筑空间62内容纳一个或多个人。在一些情况下，建筑空间62中的至少一些建筑空间可视为包括归属于建筑空间14和/或建筑空间32和/或建筑空间42和/或建筑空间52的特征。建筑空间14、32、42和52中的至少一些建筑空间可包括归属于建筑空间62的特征。
每个建筑空间62包括至少一个访问点64，但在建筑空间62中的每个建筑空间内仅示出了一个访问点64。访问点64分别被标记为64a、64b至64n。在一些情况下，建筑空间62可具有多于一个访问点64。简而言之，访问点64可以是物理或虚拟门，该物理或虚拟门允许人进入和/或离开建筑空间62。在一些情况下，可关闭该物理或虚拟门以防止额外的人穿过访问点64并进入建筑空间62。访问点64可以是过道、升降机、大堂等的指定区域，其可视为提供访问特定建筑空间62的路径。
每个建筑空间62包括至少一个传感器66，但在建筑空间62中的每个建筑空间中仅示出了一个传感器66。传感器66分别被标记为66a、66b至66n。在一些情况下，可存在与访问点64中的每个访问点相关联的一个传感器66。传感器66可被配置为输出指示有人已穿过访问点66进入建筑空间62或离开建筑空间62的信号。在一些情况下，传感器66中的至少一些传感器可包括人步行跨过的智能地板传感器。当人步行跨过智能地板传感器时，输出压力信号，该压力信号可指示行进方向(即，进入建筑空间62或离开建筑空间62)。例如，该压力信号可能够启用分析，该分析产生由人的脚引起的压力输入的形状或瞬态特征，并且因此可确定行进方向。智能地板传感器可嵌入地板覆盖物中，诸如但不限于区域地毯或垫。因此，它们可易于在过道中使用以限定访问点64(和对应的传感器66)。在一些情况下，智能地板传感器足够大，使得穿过访问点64的人必须行进多步从而跨过智能地板传感器。因此，他们的行进方向易于确定。
在一些情况下，传感器66中的至少一些传感器可包括被动红外(PIR)传感器。通过将两个或多个PIR传感器放置在建筑空间62中，可能确定穿过访问点64的人的行进方向。在一些情况下，传感器66中的至少一些传感器可包括增强的PIR传感器，这些增强的PIR传感器被配置为提供可指示行进穿过访问点64的人的方向、距离和速度中的一者或多者的输出信号。在一些情况下，建筑空间62可包括智能地板传感器和PIR传感器两者作为传感器66，使得来自传感器66中的一个传感器的信号可用作对来自传感器66中的另一个传感器的信号的检查或确认。在一些情况下，传感器66中的至少一些传感器可包括RFID读卡器，这些RFID读卡器可读取人携带的访问卡而无需人物理地扫描该访问卡。传感器66中的一个或多个传感器可包括飞行时间传感器或摄像机，该飞行时间传感器基于激光束中断。这些只是一些示例。利用这些及其他类型的传感器，可允许占用者无摩擦地访问特定建筑空间62。
在一些情况下，飞行时间(ToF)可被实现为可对移动通过访问点64的人进行计数的技术。ToF可提供在低到中流量密度下的准确人数，诸如这可能发生在若干人大约同时走进房间中时。ToF涉及形成一对传感器区，诸如前区和后区。人穿过前区和后区两者时被检测到。在一些情况下，用于ToF测量的传感器可放置在光学不透明的聚合物面板后。这可意味着ToF可以不引人注目地实现，而不让人意识到他们正在走过传感器或者甚至意识到他们正在被计数。
在一些情况下，控制器24为访问点64中的每个访问点维护计数器68。控制器24可包括与传感器66a相对应的计数器68a、与传感器66b相对应的计数器68b，一直到与传感器66n相对应的计数器68n。响应于控制器24从特定传感器66接收到人已通过访问点64进入特定建筑空间62的指示，适当的计数器68可递增，并且响应于控制器24从特定传感器66接收到人已通过访问点64离开特定建筑空间62的指示，适当的计数器可递减。
一旦特定计数器68已达到特定阈值，控制器24就可执行适当动作。在一些情况下，响应于计数器68达到阈值而执行动作可包括发出听觉和/或视觉警告，指示特定建筑空间62内的当前占用已达到针对该特定建筑空间62的阈值。执行动作可例如包括对特定建筑空间62的访问点66实施安防，使得允许人离开建筑空间62但不允许人进入建筑空间62，直到该特定建筑空间62的占用计数器68下降到阈值以下。在一些情况下，执行动作可包括提升该建筑空间62的空气通风速率。
图6是示出用于追踪包括多个建筑空间的建筑内的占用的例示性方法70的流程图，其中每个建筑空间包括允许访问该建筑空间的访问点以及当人穿过访问点时提供信号的传感器。每次人穿过与建筑的所述多个建筑空间中的建筑空间相对应的访问点时，从传感器接收信号，如框72所示。将该信号识别为指示人进入或离开所述多个建筑空间中的建筑空间，如框74所示。通过在信号指示人进入建筑空间时递增占用计数并且在信号指示人离开建筑空间时递减占用计数，维护针对所述多个建筑空间中的每个建筑空间的占用计数，如框76所示。可确定针对所述多个建筑空间中的任何建筑空间的占用计数是否已达到针对对应建筑空间的阈值，如框80所示。
响应于确定针对所述多个建筑空间中的任何建筑空间的占用计数已达到针对该特定建筑空间的阈值，执行动作，如框80所示。执行动作可例如包括发出听觉和/或视觉警告，指示所述多个建筑空间中的特定建筑空间内的当前占用已达到针对该特定建筑空间的阈值。在一些情况下，执行动作包括对所述多个建筑空间中的特定建筑空间的访问点实施安防，使得允许人离开但不允许人进入，直到该特定建筑空间的占用计数下降到阈值以下。执行动作可附加地或另选地包括提升所述多个建筑空间中的特定建筑空间的空气通风速率。
在一些情况下，与所述多个建筑空间中的至少一个建筑空间的访问点相关联的传感器可包括嵌入地板覆盖物中的智能地板传感器。与所述多个建筑空间中的至少一个建筑空间的访问点相关联的传感器可包括被动红外(PIR)传感器。与所述多个建筑空间中的至少一个建筑空间的访问点相关联的传感器可包括RFID读卡器，该RFID读卡器可读取由人携带的访问卡而无需人物理地扫描访问卡以实现无摩擦地访问通过对应访问点。
与所述多个建筑空间中的至少一个建筑空间的访问点相关联的传感器可包括具有包括对应访问点的至少一部分的视场的摄像机，其中应用视频分析以识别来自该摄像机的信号为指示人进入或离开所述多个建筑空间中的该建筑空间。视频分析可包括识别生物识别。视频分析可包括识别对一个或多个行为阈值的合规性，所述一个或多个行为阈值诸如但不限于社交距离保持合规性阈值、手部卫生合规性阈值和个人防护设备(PPE)合规性阈值中的一者或多者。
访问点可例如包括建筑入口、紧急出口、至房间或区域的门或过道、升降机和楼梯间中的一者。访问点中的至少一个访问点还可包括健康筛查传感器，该健康筛查传感器用于对经过访问点的人执行健康筛查，其中健康筛查传感器包括摄像机、热成像摄像机和麦克风中的一者或多者。
图7是示出维护具有建筑空间的建筑内的占用者安全性水平的例示性方法90的流程图，该建筑空间包括占用传感器和一个或多个空气质量传感器，该建筑空间由加热、通风和空调(HVAC)***服务，这些传感器和该HVAC***中的每一者可操作地与建筑网络耦接。从占用传感器接收占用信号，如框92所示。从所述一个或多个室内空气质量传感器接收室内空气质量参数信号，如框94所示。处理占用信号和室内空气质量参数信号以确定是否需要执行动作来维护建筑空间内的安全水平，如框96所示。响应于确定需要动作，经由建筑网络将控制信号输出到HVAC***，如框98所示。
在一些情况下，建筑空间可由消毒装置服务。方法90还可包括随时间推移追踪来自所述一个或多个占用传感器的占用数据，以便学习预期建筑空间何时未被占用达足够长的时间段以对建筑空间进行消毒，任选地如框100所示。可确定建筑空间当前未被占用，任选地如框102所示。可确定当前时间与预期建筑空间未被占用达足够长的时间段的时间相对应以对该建筑空间进行消毒，任选地如框104所示。在一些情况下，任选地如框106所示，可经由建筑网络向消毒装置提供指令以开始对建筑空间内的表面进行消毒。在一些情况下，可经由建筑网络发出建筑空间当前正在进行消毒的警告。
图8是示出感测和对应动作之间关系的示意性框图。最左侧是可能输入120。如图所示，可能输入120可包括人，如人图标122所示。可能输入120可包括环境条件，如风图标124所示。在一些情况下，可能输入120可包括病原体，如病原体图标126所示。可经由感测部分128感测这些可能输入120。感测部分128可包括智能占用感测框130和环境感测框132。来自智能占用感测框130的可能输出可包括针对区域的占用数量以及在该区域内可能检测到的症状(诸如咳嗽)中的一者或多者。来自智能占用感测框130的可能输出还可包括占用检测，该占用检测可例如使照明打开或关闭。在一些情况下，可实现一定程度的滞后或短延迟，以便防止例如人在门道中徘徊时灯打开和关闭的可能情况，这种可能情况对照明设备可能是艰难的，并且可能使门道中的人不舒服。即使实现了关于照明控制的滞后，智能占用感测框130也可立即报告占用。
来自环境感测框132的可能输出可包括对空气传播病原体的检测。来自环境感测框132的可能输出可包括各种不同空气质量参数中的任何空气质量参数，诸如但不限于颗粒物(PM)、空气压力、温度、相对湿度、二氧化碳浓度、PM2.5、总挥发性有机化合物(TVOC)浓度、一氧化碳浓度、H2CO(甲醛)浓度等。
动作部分134包括多个不同的可能动作。应当理解，如图所示，动作部分134(来自感测部分128的可能输出)内各个框的输入可根据特定动作框而变化。例如，动作部分134包括微生物检测和病原体识别框136，该病原体识别接收关于所感测的空气传播病原体的感测数据。动作部分134包括以占用者为中心的HVAC和UVC控制框138。可以看出，以占用者为中心的HVAC和UVC控制框138可接收多个不同的输入，包括来自智能占用感测框130的占用数据和来自环境感测框132的多个空气质量参数。动作部分134还包括警示/通知框140和占用者筛查框142。警示/通知框140可输出关于最大允许占用、人与人之间的物理距离保持、接触追踪和对卫生标准的合规性的信息。占用者筛查框142可输出与无接触或生物识别访问以及检测疾病症状相关的信息。
分析部分144包括警报框146和预测维护框148。列出了来自警报框146和预测维护框148的例示性输出。如图所示，报告框150和认证框152可分别输出监管报告和数据驱动的改进计划。警示/通知框154可将信息输出到仪表板。安全UVC操作框158确认UVC消毒仅发生在未被占用的空间中。
尽管已经如此描述了本公开的若干说明性实施方案，但是本领域的技术人员将容易理解，在本文所附权利要求书的范围内，可以制造和使用其他实施方案。然而，应当理解，本公开在许多方面仅为说明性的。在不超出本公开范围的情况下，可以对细节(尤其是与形状、尺寸、零件的布置，以及步骤的排除和顺序有关的细节)进行改变。当然，本公开的范围以表达所附权利要求书的语言来限定。

Claims (10)

1.一种追踪建筑内的占用的方法，所述建筑包括多个建筑空间，所述多个建筑空间中的每个建筑空间包括允许访问所述建筑空间的访问点以及当人穿过所述访问点时提供信号的传感器，所述方法包括：
每次人穿过与所述建筑的所述多个建筑空间中的建筑空间相对应的访问点时，从传感器接收信号；
识别所述信号为指示人进入或离开所述多个建筑空间中的所述建筑空间；
通过在所述信号指示人进入所述建筑空间时递增占用计数并且在所述信号指示人离开所述建筑空间时递减所述占用计数来维护针对所述多个建筑空间中的所述建筑空间中的每个建筑空间的所述占用计数；
确定针对所述多个建筑空间中的所述建筑空间中的任何建筑空间的所述占用计数何时达到针对所述对应建筑空间的阈值；以及
响应于确定针对所述多个建筑空间中的所述建筑空间中的任何建筑空间的所述占用计数已达到针对所述特定建筑空间的所述阈值而执行动作。
2.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其中执行动作包括发出听觉和/或视觉警告，指示所述多个建筑空间中的特定建筑空间内的当前占用已达到针对所述特定建筑空间的所述阈值。
3.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其中执行动作包括对所述多个建筑空间中的所述特定建筑空间的所述访问点实施安防，使得允许人离开但不允许人进入，直到所述特定建筑空间的所述占用计数下降到所述阈值以下。
4.根据权利要求3所述的方法，其中执行动作包括提升所述多个建筑空间中的所述特定建筑空间的空气通风速率。
5.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其中与所述多个建筑空间中的所述建筑空间中的至少一个建筑空间的所述访问点相关联的所述传感器包括嵌入地板覆盖物中的智能地板传感器。
6.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其中与所述多个建筑空间中的所述建筑空间中的至少一个建筑空间的所述访问点相关联的所述传感器包括被动红外(PIR)传感器或飞行时间(ToF)传感器。
7.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其中与所述多个建筑空间中的所述建筑空间中的至少一个建筑空间的所述访问点相关联的所述传感器包括RFID读卡器，所述RFID读卡器能够读取由人携带的访问卡而无需所述人物理地扫描所述访问卡以实现无摩擦地访问通过所述对应访问点。
8.根据权利要求1所述的方法，其中与所述多个建筑空间中的所述建筑空间中的至少一个建筑空间的所述访问点相关联的所述传感器包括具有包括所述对应访问点的至少一部分的视场的摄像机，其中应用视频分析以识别来自所述摄像机的所述信号为指示人进入或离开所述多个建筑空间中的所述建筑空间。
9.根据权利要求8所述的方法，其中所述视频分析包括识别对一个或多个行为阈值的合规性，其中所述一个或多个行为阈值包括社交距离保持合规性阈值、手部卫生合规性阈值和PPE合规性阈值中的一者或多者。
10.一种用于追踪建筑内的占用的***，所述建筑包括多个建筑空间，所述***包括：
多个可见光源，所述多个可见光源分布在所述建筑的所述多个建筑空间中的至少一些建筑空间中的每个建筑空间中，其中所述多个可见光源中的每个可见光源与对应的占用传感器相关联，其中当检测到占用时，所述对应的可见光源打开，并且当未检测到占用时，所述对应的可见光源关闭；
控制器，所述控制器操作地耦接到所述占用传感器中的至少一些占用传感器，所述控制器被配置为：
监测所述占用传感器以推断所述建筑的所述多个建筑空间中的所述至少一些建筑空间中的每个建筑空间中的占用分布；
将所述建筑的所述多个建筑空间中的所述至少一些建筑空间中的每个建筑空间中的所述占用分布与对应的占用分布阈值进行对比；以及
响应于确定所述建筑的所述多个建筑空间中的所述至少一些建筑空间中的一个或多个建筑空间中的所述占用分布超过所述对应的占用分布阈值而执行动作。
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