CN113367100A - Method for improving hatching rate of Muscovy duck hatching eggs - Google Patents
Method for improving hatching rate of Muscovy duck hatching eggs Download PDFInfo
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- CN113367100A CN113367100A CN202110744173.4A CN202110744173A CN113367100A CN 113367100 A CN113367100 A CN 113367100A CN 202110744173 A CN202110744173 A CN 202110744173A CN 113367100 A CN113367100 A CN 113367100A
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- 235000013601 eggs Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 194
- 230000012447 hatching Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 104
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 69
- 241000272834 Cairina moschata Species 0.000 title claims abstract description 51
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 109
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 81
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 60
- 241000272525 Anas platyrhynchos Species 0.000 claims abstract description 42
- 238000009395 breeding Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- 230000001488 breeding effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- 238000011534 incubation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 230000003203 everyday effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 241000272517 Anseriformes Species 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 210000001161 mammalian embryo Anatomy 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 230000000844 anti-bacterial effect Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000003899 bactericide agent Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 102000002322 Egg Proteins Human genes 0.000 claims description 6
- 108010000912 Egg Proteins Proteins 0.000 claims description 6
- 210000003278 egg shell Anatomy 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000002344 surface layer Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000008213 purified water Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 abstract description 7
- 238000005728 strengthening Methods 0.000 abstract description 7
- 210000002257 embryonic structure Anatomy 0.000 abstract description 3
- 244000144977 poultry Species 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000009423 ventilation Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 2
- 241000287828 Gallus gallus Species 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004060 metabolic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001932 seasonal effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K67/00—Rearing or breeding animals, not otherwise provided for; New or modified breeds of animals
- A01K67/02—Breeding vertebrates
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
- Zoology (AREA)
- Animal Husbandry (AREA)
- Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
- Farming Of Fish And Shellfish (AREA)
Abstract
The invention provides a method for improving the hatching rate of Muscovy duck hatching eggs, which belongs to the technical field of poultry breeding, and in the hatching process of Muscovy ducks, an optimal egg cooling scheme is set according to the season of hatching, and the method comprises the following steps: in summer, the eggs are cooled at the day 7 of incubation of the breeding ducks, and the eggs are cooled by spraying water once every day at the day 7-16 of incubation of the breeding ducks; spraying water and ventilating once every day from 17 days of hatching the duck eggs to the falling of the embryo eggs, wherein the water spraying temperature is 25-30 ℃; spraying water to cool eggs in any season of spring, autumn and winter, wherein the water spraying temperature is 30-35 ℃ after the eggs of the breeding ducks are hatched on the 9 th day and the eggs are cooled once a day until the eggs of the embryos fall into the plate. The method for improving the hatching effect of the Muscovy duck hatching eggs is researched from the season angle for the first time, the Muscovy duck hatching eggs are hatched by adopting the method, the emergence rate and the seedling strengthening rate can respectively reach 95% and 92%, the hatching efficiency of the Muscovy duck hatching eggs is obviously improved, and the practicability is high.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of poultry breeding, and particularly relates to a method for improving hatching rate of Muscovy duck hatching eggs.
Background
At present, the intensive breeding level of domestic Muscovy ducks is not high, most of Muscovy ducks are produced in a workshop type small scale, and in order to improve the production efficiency, some relatively large breeding companies use chicken hatching equipment to hatch Muscovy ducks. Because the fat content in the breeding duck egg is high, in the hatching process, a large amount of heat can be generated due to fat metabolism, the temperature of the egg is easy to rise, so that the excessive heat and enough fresh air need to be timely removed and supplied by cooling the egg, the temperature and humidity standard is correspondingly adjusted, and the hatching rate of the duck egg is improved. Frequent water spraying for egg cooling in the incubation period is generally regarded as one of important technologies at home and abroad, the frequency of water spraying for egg cooling is different in different incubation periods, but the water spraying for egg cooling (incubation day 6-14) is usually carried out at least once every day, the egg cooling is more frequent in the later period, and the workload and the labor intensity of the water spraying for egg cooling are very large. Moreover, researches show that the traditional water spraying egg cooling method can influence the hatching rate due to improper egg cooling time control. At present, the emergence rate of Muscovy duck hatching is not higher than 92%, and the young seedling rate is about 77%, so that the Muscovy duck products are in short supply and short demand.
Disclosure of Invention
Aiming at the defects of the prior art, the invention provides the method for improving the hatching rate of the Muscovy duck hatching eggs, which is simple, convenient to operate and high in emergence rate and seedling strengthening rate.
In order to achieve the technical purpose, the technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows: a method for improving the hatching rate of Muscovy duck hatching eggs comprises the steps of starting to cool eggs at 7-9 days after hatching the Muscovy duck hatching eggs according to the season of hatching in the hatching process until the embryonic eggs fall into a tray.
Further, the Muscovy ducks are hatched in different seasons, and the first egg cooling time by water spraying is as follows:
summer: in 5-7 months, the eggs are cooled on the 7 th day of hatching of the breeding ducks;
spring, autumn, winter any season: and starting to cool the eggs on the 9 th day of hatching of the breeding ducks.
Further, the Muscovy ducks are hatched in different seasons, and the egg cooling frequency is as follows:
summer: spraying water to cool the eggs once every day in the 7 th to 16 th days after the breeding ducks are hatched in the months of 5 to 7; spraying water and ventilating once every day from 17 days of hatching the duck eggs to the egg-embryo tray falling;
spring, autumn, winter any season: and (4) spraying water to cool the eggs on the 9 th day of the hatching of the duck eggs, and spraying water to cool the eggs once a day until the embryo eggs fall into the plate.
Further, the method for cooling eggs by spraying water in any one of spring, autumn and winter comprises the following steps: pulling out the duck egg from the incubator, spraying water at 30-35 deg.C, cooling the duck egg to 25-30 deg.C, completely drying the surface layer of the egg shell, propelling the incubator, closing the door, and performing normal incubation.
Further, the method for cooling eggs by spraying water in summer comprises the following steps: pulling out the breeding duck eggs from the incubator, spraying water at the temperature of 25-30 ℃, pushing the breeding duck eggs back to the incubator after spraying water, naturally cooling the breeding duck eggs in the incubator hall for 20-30 minutes, then closing the door and entering a normal incubation procedure.
Furthermore, the mode of spraying water and ventilating to cool eggs in summer is as follows: pulling out the duck egg from the incubator, spraying water at 25-30 deg.C, cooling to 25-30 deg.C, completely drying the surface layer of the egg shell, propelling the incubator, closing the door, and performing normal incubation
Further, before the eggs are cooled by spraying water for the first time, the duck eggs are pulled out and then are kept stand for 10 minutes, so that the temperature of the duck eggs is naturally reduced.
Furthermore, the water spraying amount of the cold eggs sprayed in spring, summer, autumn and winter is 20L per incubator, and 1.26 thousands of duck eggs are incubated in each incubator.
Further, bactericides are added into the spray water, and the volume percentage of the bactericides to the purified water is 1: 500.
further, in the hatching process of the Muscovy duck hatching eggs, the temperature in the hatching chamber is controlled to be 25-30 ℃, and the humidity is controlled to be 50-60%.
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects: the method for improving the hatching rate of the Muscovy duck hatching eggs provided by the invention researches that when the eggs are cooled by spraying water, the optimal water spraying temperature in summer is 25-30 ℃, and the optimal water spraying temperature in other three seasons is 30-35 ℃; meanwhile, a method for improving the hatching effect of Muscovy duck hatching eggs is researched from a seasonal angle for the first time, eggs are cooled from the 7 th day of incubation in summer, water is sprayed once every day for cooling the eggs from the 7 th day to the 16 th day of incubation of the breeding ducks, water is sprayed once every day for cooling the eggs from the 17 th day of incubation to the embryo egg tray, the eggs are cooled by ventilation, the hatching effect is optimal, and the emergence rate and the healthy seedling rate can reach 95% and 92% respectively; in other three seasons (spring, autumn and winter), the eggs are cooled from 9 th day of incubation to the blank eggs are placed on the plate, the eggs are cooled once by spraying water every day, the incubation effect is optimal, the seedling emergence rate and the seedling strengthening rate in spring and winter are respectively as high as 95% and 92%, and the seedling emergence rate and the seedling strengthening rate in autumn are respectively as high as 93% and 90%; the hatching efficiency of the Muscovy duck hatching eggs is obviously improved, and the practicability is high.
Detailed Description
In order to clearly understand the technical features, purposes and advantages of the present invention, the following detailed description of the technical solutions of the present invention is provided with reference to specific embodiments, but the technical solutions of the present invention are not to be construed as limiting the implementable scope of the present invention.
In the following examples, the Muscovy duck hatching eggs are all from healthy Muscovy duck breeding groups, and are tested in the same hatching plant.
Example 1
A Muscovy duck hatching egg hatching method in summer (5-7 months) uses 1.26 ten thousand Muscovy duck hatching eggs for hatching, and the specific hatching process is as follows:
the eggs are not cooled when the breeding ducks are hatched for 0-6 days; the temperature in the hatching chamber is controlled to be 25-30 ℃, and the humidity is controlled to be 50-60%;
spraying water to cool the eggs once a day from 7 to 16 days after the breeding ducks are hatched, wherein the egg cooling time is 20 minutes each time, the water temperature is 25 to 30 ℃, the water temperature used in the embodiment is 30 ℃, and the water spraying amount is as follows: 20L of water/incubator, wherein each incubator incubates 1.26 million duck eggs;
the method for cooling the eggs by spraying water comprises the following steps: pulling out the breeding duck eggs from the incubator, spraying water, pushing the breeding duck eggs back to the incubator after the water is sprayed, naturally cooling the breeding duck eggs in the incubator hall for 20-30 minutes, then closing the door and entering a normal incubation procedure.
Wherein, after the egg trolley (incubator) is pulled out, the proper distance is kept between the egg trolleys so as to cool the eggs fully; before the eggs are cooled by spraying water for the first time (on the 7 th day of incubation), the eggs are placed for a transition time of 10 minutes after being pulled out, and are naturally cooled;
spraying water and ventilating once a day for cooling eggs at 17-31 days after hatching of the breeding ducks (generally, the embryo eggs are started to fall on the plate at 32 days, so the eggs are cooled till the eggs fall on the plate), wherein the egg cooling time is 60-120 minutes (8 o 'clock-10 o' clock earlier), the water spraying temperature is 30 ℃, and the water spraying amount is as follows: 20L water/incubator;
the water spraying and ventilating egg cooling mode is as follows: pulling out the duck egg from the incubator, spraying water, cooling the duck egg for 60-120 minutes after the water is sprayed until the surface temperature of the shell is reduced to 25-30 ℃, pushing the incubator after the surface layer of the eggshell is completely dried, closing the door and entering a normal incubation procedure;
in this embodiment, the water spray may be added with a bactericide, the bactericide and the purified water being in a volume percentage of 1: 500, a step of;
during the egg cooling period, cross-ventilation should be avoided, and the egg is preferably cooled when the temperature in the hatching chamber does not reach 24 ℃ in the early morning (the ideal environment temperature is 18-22 ℃).
In the hatching process of the Muscovy ducks at the stage, the temperature in the hatching chamber is controlled to be 25-30 ℃, and the humidity is controlled to be 50-60%.
During the process of cooling eggs every day, the development condition, the closure condition and the door sealing condition of embryos are concerned.
Example 2
The difference between the embodiment and the embodiment 1 is that the water spraying temperature of the water spraying cooled eggs is 25 ℃.
Example 3
The difference between the embodiment and the embodiment 1 is that the water spraying temperature for spraying water to cool the eggs is 35 ℃.
Example 4
The difference between the embodiment and the embodiment 1 is that the eggs of the laying ducks are cooled on the 8 th day until the embryonated eggs fall into the tray.
Example 5
The difference between the embodiment and the embodiment 1 is that the eggs of the laying ducks are cooled on the 9 th day until the embryonated eggs fall into the tray.
Example 6
A Muscovy duck hatching egg hatching method in winter (11-1 month), uses 1.26 ten thousand Muscovy duck hatching eggs to hatch, the concrete hatching process is:
the eggs are not cooled when the breeding ducks are hatched for 0-8 days; the temperature in the hatching chamber is controlled to be 25-30 ℃, and the humidity is controlled to be 50-60%;
spraying water to cool the eggs once a day after the breeding ducks are hatched for 9-31 days (generally, the eggs are cooled till the eggs are placed after the eggs are placed on the plate after the eggs begin to fall on the plate at 32 days), wherein the egg cooling time is 60-120 minutes each time, the water temperature is 30-35 ℃, the water temperature is 35 ℃ in the embodiment, and the water spraying amount is as follows: 20L of water/incubator, wherein each incubator incubates 1.26 million duck eggs;
wherein, after the egg trolley (incubator) is pulled out, the proper distance is kept between the egg trolleys so as to cool the eggs fully; before the eggs are cooled by spraying water for the first time (on the 9 th day of incubation), the eggs are placed for a transition time of 10 minutes after being pulled out, and are naturally cooled;
the method for cooling eggs by spraying water comprises the following steps: pulling out the duck egg from the incubator, spraying water, cooling the duck egg for 60-120 minutes after the water is sprayed until the surface temperature of the shell is reduced to 25-30 ℃, pushing the incubator after the surface layer of the eggshell is completely dried, closing the door again and entering a normal incubation procedure;
in this embodiment, the water spray may be added with a bactericide, the bactericide and the purified water being in a volume percentage of 1: 500, a step of;
during the egg cooling period, cross-ventilation should be avoided, and the egg is preferably cooled when the temperature in the hatching chamber does not reach 24 ℃ in the early morning (the ideal environment temperature is 18-22 ℃).
In the hatching process of the Muscovy ducks at the stage, the temperature in the hatching chamber is controlled to be 25-30 ℃, and the humidity is controlled to be 50-60%.
During the process of cooling eggs every day, the development condition, the closure condition and the door sealing condition of embryos are concerned.
Example 7
A Muscovy duck hatching egg hatching method in winter (11-1 month), the difference of this embodiment with example 6 is that the egg cooling is started on the 7 th day of the hatching of the breeding duck eggs until the embryo eggs fall into the plate.
Example 8
A Muscovy duck hatching egg hatching method in winter (11-1 month), the difference of this embodiment with example 6 is that the egg cooling is started on the 8 th day of the hatching of the breeding duck eggs until the embryonated eggs fall into the plate.
Example 9
A method for hatching Muscovy ducks in spring (2-4 months) is the same as that in example 1, namely the method for cooling the eggs is carried out by spraying water for cooling the eggs every day in 7-16 days after the Muscovy ducks are hatched, the method for cooling the eggs is carried out by spraying water for ventilation every day in 17-31 days, and the egg cooling time, the water spraying temperature, the water spraying amount and the like in different stages are the same as those in example 1.
Example 10
A method for hatching the Muscovy duck eggs in spring (2-4 months) is the same as that in example 6, namely, water is sprayed to cool the eggs from the 9 th day of hatching of the Muscovy duck eggs, the eggs are sprayed once every day until the 31 th day, and the egg cooling time, the water spraying temperature, the water spraying amount and the like are the same as those in example 6.
Example 11
A method for hatching eggs of Muscovy ducks in autumn (8-10 months) is the same as that in example 1, namely the method for cooling eggs is the same as that in example 1, the eggs are cooled by spraying water once a day in 7-16 days after the laying of the Muscovy ducks, the eggs are cooled by spraying water and ventilating once a day in 17-31 days, and the egg cooling time, the water spraying temperature, the water spraying amount and the like in different stages are the same as those in example 1.
Example 12
A method for hatching muscovy duck eggs in autumn (8-10 months) is the same as that in example 6, namely, water is sprayed to cool the eggs on the 9 th day of hatching of the muscovy ducks, the eggs are sprayed once every day until the 31 th day, and the egg cooling time, the water spraying temperature, the water spraying amount and the like are the same as those in example 6.
The hatching effects of the above examples 1 to 12 were counted, and the results are shown in table 1;
TABLE 1 comparative incubation results of examples 1-12
As can be seen from table 1, the optimized cairina moschata hatching method is designed in a targeted manner for different seasons, and when cairina moschata hatching is performed in summer, the cairina moschata hatching process is started on the 7 th day of hatching, and when cairina moschata hatching is performed in other seasons (spring, autumn and winter), the cairina moschata hatching process is started on the 9 th day of hatching, so that the hatching effect is optimal; and the related test is carried out aiming at the water spraying temperature in the water spraying cold egg, and the result shows that the temperature of basin water in summer is 25-30 ℃, the water spraying temperature in winter, spring and autumn is 30-35 ℃, and the hatching effect is good; wherein the egg cooling treatment is started in summer on the 7 th day of the duck egg hatching, and the water is sprayed once every day for cooling the eggs on the 7 th-16 th day of the duck egg hatching, the egg cooling time is 20 minutes each time, spraying water and ventilating once every day for cooling eggs in 17-31 th day, wherein the egg cooling time is 60-120 min, the water spraying temperature is 30 ℃, the water spraying amount is 20L water/incubator, the emergence rate and the seedling strengthening rate can respectively reach 95 percent and 92 percent, the egg cooling treatment is started in 9 days after the duck eggs are hatched in winter and spring until the duck eggs fall into the plate, the water is sprayed for cooling the eggs once every day, the egg cooling time is 60-120 minutes every time, the water spraying temperature is 35 ℃, the emergence rate and the seedling strengthening rate can respectively reach 95 percent and 92 percent, the egg cooling treatment is started in autumn on the 9 th day of the duck egg hatching, the water is sprayed once every day, the egg cooling time is 60-120 minutes every time, and the emergence rate and the seedling strengthening rate can respectively reach 93 percent and 90 percent when the water spraying temperature is 35 ℃. The hatching egg hatching method obviously improves the hatching rate and the healthy seedling number of Muscovy ducks, has high process production efficiency and can better meet the market demand.
The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and the protection scope of the present invention is not limited to the above-mentioned embodiments, and all technical solutions belonging to the idea of the present invention belong to the protection scope of the present invention. It should be noted that modifications and embellishments within the scope of the invention may be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the principle of the invention.
Claims (10)
1. A method for improving the hatching rate of Muscovy ducks in hatching is characterized in that eggs are cooled from 7 th to 9 th days after hatching of Muscovy ducks according to the seasons during hatching until embryonated eggs fall into a tray.
2. The method of claim 1, wherein said method comprises the steps of: hatching the Muscovy ducks in different seasons, wherein the first water spraying and egg cooling time is as follows:
summer: in 5-7 months, the eggs are cooled on the 7 th day of hatching of the breeding ducks;
spring, autumn, winter any season: and starting to cool the eggs on the 9 th day of hatching of the breeding ducks.
3. The method of claim 1, wherein said method comprises the steps of: hatching the Muscovy ducks in different seasons, wherein the egg cooling times are as follows:
summer: spraying water to cool the eggs once every day in the 7 th to 16 th days after the breeding ducks are hatched in the months of 5 to 7; spraying water and ventilating once every day from 17 days of hatching the duck eggs to the egg-embryo tray falling;
spring, autumn, winter any season: and (4) spraying water to cool the eggs on the 9 th day of the hatching of the duck eggs, and spraying water to cool the eggs once a day until the embryo eggs fall into the plate.
4. The method of claim 3, wherein said method comprises the steps of: the method for cooling eggs by spraying water in any one of spring, autumn and winter comprises the following steps: pulling out the duck egg from the incubator, spraying water at 30-35 deg.C, cooling the duck egg to 25-30 deg.C, completely drying the surface layer of the egg shell, propelling the incubator, closing the door, and performing normal incubation.
5. The method of claim 3, wherein said method comprises the steps of: the method for cooling eggs by spraying water in summer comprises the following steps: pulling out the breeding duck eggs from the incubator, spraying water at the temperature of 25-30 ℃, pushing the breeding duck eggs back to the incubator after spraying water, naturally cooling the breeding duck eggs in the incubator hall for 20-30 minutes, then closing the door and entering a normal incubation procedure.
6. The method of claim 3, wherein said method comprises the steps of: the method for cooling eggs by spraying water and ventilating in summer comprises the following steps: pulling out the duck egg from the incubator, spraying water at 25-30 deg.C, cooling the duck egg to 25-30 deg.C, completely drying the surface layer of the egg shell, propelling the incubator, closing the door, and performing normal incubation.
7. The method of any one of claims 1-6, wherein said method comprises the steps of: before the eggs are cooled by spraying water for the first time, the breeding duck eggs are pulled out and then are kept stand for 10 minutes, so that the breeding duck eggs are cooled naturally.
8. The method of claim 3, wherein said method comprises the steps of: the water spraying amount of the cooled eggs sprayed with water in any season of spring, summer, autumn and winter is 20L per incubator, and 1.26 million duck eggs are incubated in each incubator.
9. The method of claim 3, wherein said method comprises the steps of: the water spray is added with a bactericide, and the bactericide and the purified water are mixed according to the volume percentage of 1: 500.
10. the method of claim 1, wherein said method comprises the steps of: in the hatching process of Muscovy duck hatching eggs, the temperature in a hatching chamber is controlled to be 25-30 ℃, and the humidity is controlled to be 50-60%.
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