CN113229015B - Rubber cultivation management method - Google Patents
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G17/00—Cultivation of hops, vines, fruit trees, or like trees
- A01G17/005—Cultivation methods
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
- A01C21/005—Following a specific plan, e.g. pattern
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G13/00—Protecting plants
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/10—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material
- A01G24/12—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing inorganic material containing soil minerals
- A01G24/15—Calcined rock, e.g. perlite, vermiculite or clay aggregates
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
- A01G24/22—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material containing plant material
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
- A01G24/22—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material containing plant material
- A01G24/25—Dry fruit hulls or husks, e.g. chaff or coir
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
- A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
- A01G24/28—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material containing peat, moss or sphagnum
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G31/00—Soilless cultivation, e.g. hydroponics
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Abstract
The invention provides a rubber cultivation management method, which comprises the following steps: (1) seedling stage management: transplanting the bud-grafted seedling, dripping a tank of composite nutrient solution, and spraying a mixed aqueous solution of bigill-GGR 6 and indole potassium butyrate within 3-5 days after topping; regularly bud picking, and simultaneously spraying a seedling protecting agent on the branch parts of the seedlings; (2) management of sapling stage: carrying out soil insolation and pruning of seedling leaves before field planting, deep ploughing the soil, adding decomposed organic fertilizer, carrying out primary rotary tillage, applying nutrient soil, uniformly carrying out secondary rotary tillage and carrying out surface sunning, and field planting the seedlings; irrigating ternary compound fertilizer diluent and algin diluent 28-30 days after transplanting, and irrigating once a month within one year after field planting; regularly dressing organic fertilizer and compound fertilizer. According to the invention, by optimizing the cultivation management of the seedling stage and the sapling stage of the rubber bud seedlings, the growth rate of seedlings can be remarkably promoted, the survival rate of the bud seedlings is high, the plant height and the stem thickness of outplanted seedlings are improved, the growth rate of the saplings is accelerated, and the non-production period is shortened.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of cultivation and planting, in particular to a rubber cultivation management method.
Background
The natural rubber industry is one of the important industries in tropical regions of China, and the rubber forest is taken as a special economic forest and is an important industrial raw material resource in China. In recent years, with the increasing of the planting area of the rubber, the traditional cultivation and planting technology cannot meet the development requirement of the rubber industry, and the scientific cultivation and management technology has important significance for the large-scale development of the rubber planting industry.
The existing rubber cultivation management mainly comprises seedling stage management, sapling stage management, initial stage management, high yield stage management and low yield aging stage management, but the existing rubber cultivation management is complicated, the water and fertilizer management efficiency is low, the labor force is large, and particularly in the growth management process of the seedling stage and the sapling stage, the problems of low survival rate of rubber bud grafting seedlings, slow growth of the sapling stage, shallow soil pricking during root growth and the like often exist, and high-quality rubber seedlings and saplings are important conditions for realizing high yield and high efficiency of rubber production.
Li Tianming and the like summarize and explain the problems and the defects in the rubber management technology, and indicate that reasonable management measures should be made for the rubber planting management according to different growth periods. Li Hanliang and the like, discuss high-yield cultivation technology of Hainan natural rubber, point out that variety selection, field planting, seedling preservation, fertilization management and the like need to be well done, the survival rate of rubber trees is improved, and a foundation is laid for realizing high yield. Patent CN201611188769.6 discloses a planting method of rubber trees, aiming at the field planting and the fertilization management of rubber tree seedlings, the growth of the rubber tree seedlings is promoted by improving the soil quality. CN201410197799.8 discloses a windproof and wind-resistant planting method for rubber trees, which mainly utilizes inter-tree-covering and pipe-stroking measures for forest work to achieve the purpose of storing more effective rubber tree cut plants. However, at present, there is still a lack of a measure for effectively managing the growth of rubber seedlings in a seedling stage and a sapling stage in a combined manner so as to ensure the growth of the seedling stage and the sapling stage at the same time.
Disclosure of Invention
In view of the above, the invention provides a rubber cultivation management method for improving the seedling tree tending tube in rubber and remarkably improving the survival rate and the growth rate of rubber bud seedlings and young trees.
The technical scheme of the invention is realized as follows:
the invention provides a rubber cultivation management method, which comprises the following steps:
(1) Management of seedling stage
Transplanting the bud-grafted seedlings into a nutrition bag, dripping the composite nutrient solution into the nutrition bag every 3-5 days by adopting a dripping mode, and spraying a mixed aqueous solution of double gill-GGR 6 and potassium indolebutyrate with the concentration of 1.5-3.5 mg/L within 3-5 days after the bud-grafted seedlings of the seedlings are topped; regularly picking buds, and simultaneously spraying a seedling protecting agent formed by mixing earthworm hydrolysate and a polyvinyl alcohol aqueous solution on the seedling branches;
(2) Sapling stage management
Carrying out soil insolation and pruning of seedling leaves before field planting, carrying out field planting when the seedlings grow to 3-5 fluffy leaves, removing the fluffy leaves at the middle and lower parts, and keeping the fluffy leaves; deeply ploughing 30-35 cm of plough layer soil, crushing soil blocks, adding decomposed organic fertilizer, carrying out first rotary tillage, spraying nutrient soil on the soil surface every other day, carrying out second rotary tillage uniformly, carrying out surface sunning for 1-3 days, carrying out seedling planting, compacting soil, and watering;
irrigating each seedling with ternary compound fertilizer diluent and algin diluent for young tree strengthening 28-30 days after transplanting, and irrigating once a month within one year after field planting; regularly dressing organic fertilizer and compound fertilizer.
More preferably, the compound nutrient solution is prepared from a ternary compound fertilizer, urea and water according to the weight ratio of (4-6) to 1 (300-350), wherein the ratio of N to P to K in the ternary compound fertilizer is 15:15:15, the application amount is 150 to 200ml per strain.
More preferably, the culture medium in the nutrition bag is prepared by mixing peat soil, coconut husk, perlite and bark according to a mass ratio of 5.
More preferably, the mass ratio of the double Gill-GGR 6 to the potassium indolebutyrate is 1 (3-5), and the spraying amount of the mixed aqueous solution is 200-250 ml per plant.
More preferably, the volume ratio of the earthworm hydrolysate to the polyvinyl alcohol aqueous solution of the seedling protecting agent is 5 (1-3), and the spraying amount of the seedling protecting agent is 320-380 ml per plant.
More preferably, the earthworm hydrolysate is prepared by mashing fresh earthworms with water to form earthworm slurry, hydrolyzing the slurry at 38-42 ℃ for 10-12 h with protease, and filtering.
More preferably, the nutrient soil comprises 30-50 parts of Chinese silvergrass stalk leavening, 45-55 parts of fermented soybean cakes, 12-28 parts of biomass charcoal, 2-4 parts of vesuvianite and 1-3 parts of furnace slag according to the weight part ratio, and the dosage is 250-330 kg/mu.
More preferably, the ternary compound fertilizer diluent and the algin diluent are prepared by mixing and diluting 400-500 times of water by weight, and the ratio of N to P to K in the ternary compound fertilizer is 15:15:15, the pouring amount of the ternary compound fertilizer diluent is 150-200 ml, and the pouring amount of the algin diluent is 300-400 ml.
More preferably, the decomposed organic fertilizer is fermented and decomposed livestock and poultry manure and/or fungus chaff.
More preferably, within two years of field planting, 11-15 kg/mu of retted fertilizer and 8-10 kg of ternary compound fertilizer are applied, and 1 time of application is carried out for each puff of She Zhui
Compared with the prior art, the invention has the beneficial effects that:
the cultivation management of the seedling stage and the sapling stage of the rubber bud grafting seedling is optimized, in the seedling stage management process, a compound nutrient solution can be adopted to facilitate good fertilizer and water preservation effects, meanwhile, the strong seedling protection treatment in the topping stage and the bud picking stage is combined, the influence of the topping and multiple bud picking treatments on the growth of the seedling is reduced, the seedling growth rate can be remarkably promoted, the survival rate of the bud grafting seedling is improved, the seedling protection agent not only effectively avoids the problem that the seedling stage suffers from freezing injury, but also promotes the rapid bud picking of the bud grafting seedling, and the bud picking growth is neat, so that the growth speed of the seedling is remarkably accelerated, and the plant height and stem thickness of the seedling in outplanting are improved.
In the young tree period, a better field planting soil structure is provided for rubber seedlings by carrying out secondary rotary tillage treatment on a field planting soil layer, a certain amount of nutrient soil is applied to achieve a good seedling protection effect on the basis of taking decomposed fertilizer as a base fertilizer, the survival rate of the field planting of the seedlings is improved, and in 1 year of field planting after transplanting, the young trees are strengthened by applying ternary compound fertilizer diluent and algin diluent regularly, the stem thickness increment and the plant height increment of the young trees are improved, reasonable regular additional fertilization is combined, the growth rate of the young trees is accelerated, and the age limit of a non-production period is shortened.
Therefore, the rubber cultivation management method provided by the invention is simple to operate, can remarkably promote the growth rate of seedlings to shorten the seedling culture time, has high survival rate of budded seedlings, improves the plant height and stem thickness of outplanted seedlings, accelerates the growth rate of saplings, shortens the non-production period and better realizes the high-efficiency and high-quality production of rubber trees by a cultivation management mode combining the rubber seedling period and the sapling period.
Detailed Description
In order to better understand the technical content of the invention, specific examples are provided below to further illustrate the invention.
The experimental methods used in the examples of the present invention are all conventional methods unless otherwise specified.
The materials, reagents and the like used in the examples of the present invention can be obtained commercially without specific description.
Example 1
A rubber cultivation and management method comprises the following steps:
(1) Management of seedling stage
Transplanting the bud-grafted seedling into a nutrition bag containing a culture medium formed by mixing peat soil, coconut chaff and perlite according to a mass ratio of 5:15:15, the application amount is 260ml per plant; and spraying a mixed aqueous solution of the bigil-GGR 6 and the indole potassium butyrate with the concentration of 1.5mg/L within 3 days after the top grafting of the seedling sprouts, wherein the spraying amount is 200 ml/plant, and the mass ratio of the bigil-GGR 6 to the indole potassium butyrate is 1:4; regularly bud picking, and simultaneously spraying a seedling protecting agent formed by mixing 5:2 earthworm hydrolysate and a polyvinyl alcohol aqueous solution in a volume ratio of 320ml per plant on seedling branches and trunks;
(2) Sapling stage management
Carrying out soil insolation and pruning of seedling leaves before field planting, carrying out field planting when the seedlings grow to 3 fluffy leaves, removing the fluffy leaves at the middle and lower parts, and keeping the fluffy leaves; deeply ploughing 30cm of plough layer soil, crushing soil blocks, adding 30 kg/mu of fermented and decomposed livestock and poultry manure organic fertilizer, carrying out rotary tillage for the first time, and spraying nutrient soil on the soil surface every other day, wherein the nutrient soil comprises 40 parts of Chinese silvergrass stalk leavening, 50 parts of fermented soybean cakes, 20 parts of biomass charcoal, 3 parts of vesuvianite and 2 parts of furnace slag according to the weight part ratio, and the using amount is 300 kg/mu; uniformly carrying out rotary tillage for the second time, drying the surface for 2 days, carrying out permanent planting on seedlings, compacting soil and watering enough water;
and (3) irrigating 600 times of water diluent of the ternary compound fertilizer and 600 times of water diluent of the algin by weight for each seedling for strengthening the saplings 28 days after transplanting, wherein the ratio of N to P to K in the ternary compound fertilizer is 15:15:15; the irrigation amount of the ternary compound fertilizer diluent is 150ml, the irrigation amount of the algin diluent is 300ml, and the three-element compound fertilizer is irrigated once a month within one year after field planting; regularly topdressing organic fertilizer and compound fertilizer, applying 11 kg/mu of retting fertilizer and 8kg of ternary compound fertilizer within two years of field planting, and applying for 1 time every one pump of She Zhui.
Example 2
A rubber cultivation and management method comprises the following steps:
(1) Management of seedling stage
Transplanting the bud-grafted seedling into a nutrition bag containing a culture medium which is formed by mixing peat soil, coconut chaff, perlite and bark according to a mass ratio of 5:15:15, the application amount is 200ml per strain; and in the 5 th day after the seedling bud grafting seedling is topped, spraying a mixed aqueous solution of the double-Gel-GGR 6 and the indole butyric acid potassium with the concentration of 3.5mg/L, wherein the spraying amount is 250ml per plant, and the mass ratio of the double-Gel-GGR 6 to the indole butyric acid potassium is 1:3; regularly bud picking, and simultaneously spraying a seedling protecting agent formed by mixing 5:1 earthworm hydrolysate and a polyvinyl alcohol aqueous solution in a volume ratio of 380ml per plant on seedling branches and trunks;
(2) Sapling stage management
Carrying out soil insolation and pruning of seedling leaves before field planting, carrying out field planting when the seedlings grow to 5 fluffy leaves, removing the fluffy leaves at the middle and lower parts, and reserving the fluffy leaves; deeply ploughing 35cm of plough layer soil, crushing soil blocks, adding 35 kg/mu of organic fertilizer of fermented and decomposed livestock and poultry manure and mushroom bran, carrying out rotary tillage for the first time, and spraying nutrient soil on the soil surface every other day, wherein the nutrient soil comprises 30 parts of Chinese silvergrass stalk leavening, 45 parts of fermented soybean cakes, 12 parts of biomass charcoal, 2 parts of vesuvianite and 1 part of furnace slag according to the weight part ratio, and the using amount is 250 kg/mu; carrying out secondary rotary tillage uniformly, airing the surface for 1 day, then carrying out seedling planting, compacting soil and watering enough water;
30 days after transplanting, irrigating 400 times of water dilution of ternary compound fertilizer and 400 times of water dilution of algin for strengthening young trees, wherein the ratio of N to P to K in the ternary compound fertilizer is 15:15:15; the irrigation amount of the ternary compound fertilizer diluent is 200ml, the irrigation amount of the algin diluent is 400ml, and the three-element compound fertilizer is irrigated once a month within one year after field planting; regularly topdressing organic fertilizer and compound fertilizer, applying 15 kg/mu of retting fertilizer and 10kg of ternary compound fertilizer within two years of field planting, and applying for 1 time every one pump of She Zhui.
Example 3
A rubber cultivation and management method comprises the following steps:
(1) Management of seedling stage
Transplanting the bud-grafted seedlings into a nutrition bag containing a culture medium mixed by peat soil, coconut coir, perlite and bark according to a mass ratio of 5:15:15, the application amount is 150ml per plant each time; and in 4 days after the seedling bud grafting seedling is topped, spraying a mixed aqueous solution of double gill-GGR 6 and potassium indolebutyrate with the concentration of 2.0mg/L, wherein the spraying amount is 230 ml/plant, and the mass ratio of the double gill-GGR 6 to the potassium indolebutyrate is 1:5; regularly bud picking, and simultaneously spraying a seedling protecting agent formed by mixing 5:3 earthworm hydrolysate and a polyvinyl alcohol aqueous solution in a volume ratio of 350ml per plant on seedling branches and trunks;
(2) Management of sapling stage
Carrying out soil insolation and pruning of seedling leaves before field planting, carrying out field planting when the seedling grows to 4 fleabane leaves, removing the middle and lower fleabane leaves, and reserving the roof leaf; deeply ploughing 35cm of plough layer soil, crushing soil blocks, adding 32 kg/mu of organic fertilizer of fermented and decomposed livestock and poultry manure and mushroom bran, carrying out rotary tillage for the first time, and spraying nutrient soil on the soil surface every other day, wherein the nutrient soil comprises 50 parts of Chinese silvergrass stem leavening, 55 parts of fermented soybean cakes, 28 parts of biomass charcoal, 4 parts of vesuvianite and 3 parts of furnace slag according to the weight part ratio, and the using amount is 330 kg/mu; carrying out second rotary tillage uniformly, airing the surface for 3 days, then carrying out seedling planting, compacting soil and watering enough water;
and 29 days after transplanting, irrigating each seedling with 500 times of water diluent of a ternary compound fertilizer and 500 times of water diluent of algin for strengthening the young trees, wherein the ratio of N to P to K in the ternary compound fertilizer is 15:15:15; the irrigation amount of the ternary compound fertilizer diluent is 160ml, the irrigation amount of the algin diluent is 320ml, and the three-element compound fertilizer is irrigated once a month within one year after field planting; regularly applying organic fertilizer and compound fertilizer, applying 13 kg/mu of retted fertilizer and 9kg of ternary compound fertilizer within two years of field planting, and applying for 1 time every one puff of She Zhui.
Example 4
A rubber cultivation and management method comprises the following steps:
(1) Management of seedling stage
Transplanting the bud-grafted seedlings into a nutrition bag containing a culture medium mixed by peat soil, coconut coir, perlite and bark according to a mass ratio of 5:15:15, the application amount is 180ml per plant each time; and in 4 days after the seedling bud grafting seedling is topped, spraying a mixed aqueous solution of double-Gel-GGR 6 and potassium indolebutyrate with the concentration of 3.0mg/L, wherein the spraying amount is 230 ml/plant, and the mass ratio of the double-Gel-GGR 6 to the potassium indolebutyrate is 1:4; regularly bud picking, and simultaneously spraying a seedling protecting agent formed by mixing 5:2 earthworm hydrolysate and a polyvinyl alcohol aqueous solution in a volume ratio of 350ml per plant on seedling branches and trunks;
(2) Management of sapling stage
Carrying out soil insolation and pruning of seedling leaves before field planting, carrying out field planting when the seedling grows to 4 fleabane leaves, removing the middle and lower fleabane leaves, and reserving the roof leaf; deeply ploughing 35cm of plough layer soil, crushing soil blocks, adding 33 kg/mu of fermented and decomposed livestock and poultry manure and organic fertilizer of mushroom bran, carrying out first rotary tillage, and spraying nutrient soil on the surface of the soil every other day, wherein the nutrient soil comprises 45 parts of Chinese silvergrass stalk leavening, 50 parts of fermented soybean cakes, 25 parts of biomass charcoal, 3 parts of vesuvianite and 2 parts of furnace slag according to the weight part ratio, and the using amount is 300 kg/mu; carrying out second rotary tillage uniformly, airing the surface for 2 days, then carrying out seedling planting, compacting soil and watering enough water;
and 29 days after transplanting, irrigating 450 times of water diluent of a ternary compound fertilizer and 450 times of water diluent of algin to each seedling for strengthening the young trees, wherein the ratio of N to P to K in the ternary compound fertilizer is 15:15:15; the irrigation amount of the ternary compound fertilizer diluent is 175ml, the irrigation amount of the algin diluent is 350ml, and the ternary compound fertilizer is irrigated once a month within one year after field planting; regularly applying organic fertilizer and compound fertilizer, applying 13 kg/mu of retted fertilizer and 9kg of ternary compound fertilizer within two years of field planting, and applying for 1 time every one puff of She Zhui.
Example 5
This example differs from example 4 in that: the concentration of the mixed aqueous solution of bis-gill-GGR 6 and potassium indolebutyrate was 15mg/L, and the rest was the same as in example 4.
The earthworm hydrolysate in the above embodiments 1 to 5 is prepared by mashing fresh earthworms with water to obtain earthworm slurry, hydrolyzing the slurry at 40 deg.C for 12h with protease, and filtering.
In order to verify the effect of the rubber cultivation management method, the same batch of seedlings are selected for bud grafting to obtain seedling bud grafting seedlings which serve as experimental materials, cultivation experiments of the rubber seedlings are carried out, and the experiment settings are as follows:
experimental groups: examples 1 to 5 were used as experimental groups;
comparison group: comparative group 1: and spraying a mixed aqueous solution of bigil-GGR 6 and potassium indolebutyrate after topping. Comparative group 2: regularly bud picking, spraying aqueous solution only containing polyvinyl alcohol, and spraying the aqueous solution in the same amount. Comparative group 3: within one year of field planting, the three-element compound fertilizer diluent and the algin diluent are not adopted for irrigation.
Blank control: no stroking tube is carried out on the rubber seedlings, so that the rubber seedlings naturally grow. Each group is used for cultivating 15 rubber seedling bud seedlings, each group is provided with 3 repetitions, the watering, topdressing, field weeding, pest control and the like of the seedling stage and the sapling stage in each group are uniformly carried out, the growth conditions of the rubber seedlings and the saplings in each group are respectively recorded and counted, the survival rate, the average height and the thickness of the bud seedlings after 1 month growth are measured by a marking method, the average plant height increment and the average stem thickness increment of the rubber saplings planted for 1 year within 3 months are measured, and the results are as follows:
as can be seen from the above table, in the embodiments 1 to 5 of the present invention, the survival rate of the rubber bud seedlings can be more than 90%, the plant height and stem thickness of the seedlings are significantly improved, and the plant height increment and stem thickness increment of the rubber saplings planted within 1 year are also significantly increased. The rubber cultivation quality of the example 4 is optimal, the survival rate of the bud grafting seedlings in the example 5 is reduced, the growth quality of the bud grafting seedlings tends to decline, the condition that the effect of strong seedling treatment of the mixed aqueous solution of the bigill-GGR 6 and the potassium indolebutyrate with high concentration declines is shown, and the growth height and stem thickness of the seedlings are reduced in the comparative examples 1 and 2, which shows that the method provided by the invention utilizes strong seedling protection treatment in a topping period and a bud picking period, is favorable for accelerating the growth of the seedlings, and improves the plant height and stem thickness of seedlings out of nursery. The growth rate of the rubber saplings of the comparative example 3 is also obviously reduced, which shows that the saplings are strengthened by adopting the ternary compound fertilizer diluent and the algin diluent with certain concentrations within 1 year of field planting, and the growth speed of the saplings is favorably accelerated.
The above description is only for the purpose of illustrating the preferred embodiments of the present invention and is not to be construed as limiting the invention, and any modifications, equivalents, improvements and the like that fall within the spirit and principle of the present invention are intended to be included therein.
Claims (6)
1. A rubber cultivation management method is characterized by comprising the following steps:
(1) Management of seedling stage
Transplanting the bud-grafted seedling into a nutrition bag, and carrying out drip irrigation on the bud-grafted seedling with a compound nutrition solution, wherein the compound nutrition solution is prepared from a ternary compound fertilizer, urea and water according to a weight ratio of (4~6) to (1) - (300-350), and the ratio of N to P to K in the ternary compound fertilizer is 15:15:15, the application amount is 150 to 200ml/plant each time, the culture substrate in the nutrition bag is formed by mixing peat soil, coconut husk, perlite and bark according to a mass ratio of 5;
(2) Sapling stage management
Carrying out soil insolation and twice rotary tillage before field planting, pruning leaves of the seedlings, carrying out field planting when the seedlings grow to 3~5 fluffy leaves, compacting the soil, and watering;
irrigating a ternary compound fertilizer diluent and an algin diluent for each seedling 28 to 30 days after transplanting to strengthen the saplings, and irrigating once a month within one year after field planting; regularly dressing organic fertilizer and compound fertilizer.
2. The method for cultivating and managing rubber as claimed in claim 1, wherein the earthworm hydrolysate is obtained by mashing fresh earthworms with water to form earthworm slurry, performing protease hydrolysis at 38-42 ℃ for 10-12h, and filtering.
3. The rubber cultivation management method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the two rotary cultivations are: deeply ploughing 30-35cm of plough layer soil, crushing soil blocks, adding decomposed organic fertilizer, carrying out first rotary tillage, spraying nutrient soil on the soil surface every other day, uniformly carrying out second rotary tillage, sunning the surface for 1~3 days, and carrying out seedling planting.
4. The rubber cultivation management method of claim 3, wherein the nutrient soil comprises 30-50 parts of awn stalk fermentation product, 45-55 parts of fermented soybean cake, 12-28 parts of biomass charcoal, 2~4 parts of vesuvianite and 1~3 parts of slag by weight, and the dosage is 250-330kg/mu; the decomposed organic fertilizer is fermented and decomposed livestock and poultry manure and/or fungus chaff.
5. The rubber cultivation management method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the ternary compound fertilizer diluent and the algin diluent are mixed and diluted by water with 400-500 times of weight, and the ratio of N to P to K in the ternary compound fertilizer diluent is 15:15:15, the pouring volume of the ternary compound fertilizer diluent is 150 to 200ml, and the pouring volume of the algin diluent is 300 to 400ml.
6. The rubber cultivation management method according to claim 1, wherein the periodic additional fertilization comprises: within two years of field planting, 11 to 15kg/mu of retting fertilizer and 8 to 10kg of ternary compound fertilizer are applied for 1 time every one puff of She Zhui.
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN103947448B (en) * | 2014-05-20 | 2015-08-12 | 中国热带农业科学院橡胶研究所 | A kind of raising Rubber seedling budling is sprouted and grows conforming method |
| CN104620924B (en) * | 2015-01-29 | 2017-02-22 | 云南农垦集团西盟橡胶有限责任公司 | Method for planting rubber trees |
| CN111406569B (en) * | 2020-04-24 | 2021-11-05 | 中国热带农业科学院橡胶研究所 | Seedling culture method for culturing large full-crown seedlings of rubber trees |
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