CN112243780A - Citrus plant cell sap concentration regulation and control girdling-free cultivation method - Google Patents
Citrus plant cell sap concentration regulation and control girdling-free cultivation method Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
The invention discloses a cultivation method for regulating and controlling cell sap concentration of citrus plants without girdling, which comprises the steps of cultivating spring shoots as fruiting branches and fruiting mother branches in the next year each year, applying flush fertilizer to the roots in 1-2 months each year, applying root system repairing fertilizer in the tip period in summer within 10-20 days after flower withering each year, and spraying Yuhualing No. 2 foliar fertilizer in the tip period in spring to promote flowering and strengthen flowering and reduce the nutritional growth demand of the spring shoots; spraying Yuhualing No. 2 foliar fertilizer in the summer tip period to supplement the nutrition of the tree body and reduce the nutritional growth requirement of the summer tip; spraying Yuhualing No. 2 foliar fertilizer in autumn and winter shoots to promote the differentiation of flower buds in the next year and reduce the nutritional growth requirements of the autumn shoots and the winter shoots; useless shoots of the growing spring shoots, summer shoots, autumn shoots and winter shoots were trimmed. According to the invention, through the combination of root application of water flush fertilizer, root system repairing fertilizer and foliage fertilizer spraying, the cell sap concentration of plants is improved, flower formation and fruit setting are facilitated, girdling is avoided, the consumption of manpower and material resources is reduced, and the loss caused by girdling is reduced.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to the technical field of citrus cultivation. More specifically, the invention relates to a cultivation method for regulating and controlling cell sap concentration of citrus plants without girdling.
Background
Plants of the genus Citrus, genus Rutaceae, include WUJU, SUGAJU, etc. The method has the characteristics of high investment return speed and high economic benefit, so that the method is popular with growers, and the continuous increase of market demand stimulates the domestic citrus planting scale. The girdling is an agricultural technique commonly used for citrus cultivation, and branches are properly girdled in the flowering period, so that downward transportation of organic substances can be temporarily blocked, nutrient accumulation on the upper part of a wound is increased, flower bud differentiation is promoted, and the fruit quality is improved; and in the fruit retention period, girdling improves the concentration of plant cell sap, and inhibits flower and fruit dropping caused by excessive growth of the bare-grown branches. However, through years of production practice and visiting orchard, the inventor finds that annual ring cutting causes overlarge nutrient consumption of trees, weak and dead root systems, tree vigor reduction, and disease and yield reduction.
The principle of the traditional girdling method is to block the downward transportation channel of the nutrition of the overground part, and improve the cell sap concentration and the organic nutrition accumulation amount of the overground part plant to realize the final purposes of flower bud differentiation, flower and fruit retention and inhibition of the growth of the nutrition paste. In the whole process from girdling to tree healing recovery, as the tree function is affected and the nutrient absorption and water delivery functions are limited, a series of changes of the affected photosynthesis are caused, so that the nutrient accumulation of the tree is reduced, and in addition, the flowers and fruits are formed and a large amount of nutrients consumed for wound healing are consumed, and under the condition of lacking of nutrient remediation, the subsequent tree vigor is reduced and a series of adverse consequences are caused; even if a series of nutrition measures are adopted to protect the trees, sustainable stable yield and prolonged tree life are difficult to realize. On the other hand, the girdling operation belongs to one of agricultural technology operations with strong speciality, and needs to be specifically analyzed and operated by adopting a specific cutter head and a specific method according to the tree body condition, so that the tree body is deeply cut, the tree body is greatly damaged, and the citrus yellowing decline is easily caused; the flower and fruit retention effect is poor when the cutting is shallow. Moreover, the loss of production caused by low repeatability of operation is difficult to estimate, not only because of the consumption of manpower and material resources.
Disclosure of Invention
The method starts with the essential reason that the citrus needs girdling in the flower and fruit promoting and preserving period of years of planting, and improves the cell sap concentration of plants through the combination of root-applied water flush fertilizer, root system repairing fertilizer and foliar fertilizer spraying, is beneficial to flower formation and fruit setting, reduces the effects of foliar-root system water and nutrient circulation, slows down the nutrient conveying speed, realizes girdling avoidance, reduces the consumption of manpower and material resources, and reduces the loss caused by girdling.
To achieve these objects and other advantages of the present invention, there is provided a method for controlling the cytosol concentration of a citrus plant in a girdling-free cultivation process, comprising:
the method for reserving fruiting flower buds and the next year for bearing mother branches comprises the following steps: culturing spring shoots as fruiting branches and fruiting mother branches in the next year, and removing excessive flower buds on the fruiting branches in the spring shoot emergence period every year to leave fruiting flower buds; after the spring shoots are put, reserving a plurality of flower-free spring shoots and culturing the flower-free spring shoots into mother branches bearing fruits in the next year;
the fertilizing method comprises the steps of applying root fertilizer and spraying Yuhualing No. 2 foliar fertilizer: the root application fertilizer comprises the following components: applying water flush fertilizer to roots 1-2 months per year, and applying root system repairing fertilizer within 10-20 days after flower withering in summer; the spraying of Yuhualing No. 2 foliar fertilizer is as follows: spraying Yuhualing No. 2 foliar fertilizer in the spring tip period to promote flowers, strengthen flowers and reduce the nutritional growth requirements of the spring tip; spraying Yuhualing No. 2 foliar fertilizer in the summer tip period to supplement the nutrition of the tree body and reduce the nutritional growth requirement of the summer tip; spraying Yuhualing No. 2 foliar fertilizer in autumn and winter shoots to promote the differentiation of flower buds in the next year and reduce the nutritional growth requirements of the autumn shoots and the winter shoots;
the pruning method comprises the following steps: pruning useless shoots of the growing spring shoots, summer shoots, autumn shoots and winter shoots;
wherein, the fertilizing amount of the root system repairing fertilizer is calculated by the yield: applying 1.0-3.5 kg of root system repairing agent, 1.0-1.5 kg of waste honey liquid, 1.0-2.0 kg of peanut cake, 0.8-1.0 kg of potassium sulfate, 0.1-0.2 kg of lime powder, 0.01-0.15 kg of yeast extract and 0.1-0.8 kg of dipotassium hydrogen phosphate to each 60-100 kg of plants produced;
the fertilization amount of the water flush fertilizer is calculated according to the yield: applying 2.5-5 kg of water flush fertilizer to each 60-100 kg of plants produced; the water flush fertilizer is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by mass:
s1, mixing 20-40 parts of waste honey liquid, 5-15 parts of soybean meal, 6-13 parts of corn flour, 5-10 parts of fish meal, 5-10 parts of seaweed extract, 1-5 parts of rice bran and 20-40 parts of water;
s2, taking the mixture obtained in the step S1, adjusting the pH value to 5.5-7.5 by using dipotassium hydrogen phosphate or potassium dihydrogen phosphate buffer solution with the concentration of 1M, uniformly mixing, sterilizing at the high temperature of 120 ℃ for 30-70min, and preparing a water flush fertilizer culture medium;
s3, mixing 30-55 parts of bacillus subtilis, 10-20 parts of yeast and 5-8 parts of bacillus amyloliquefaciens to form organic matter degradation bacterial powder;
s4, mixing the organic matter degrading bacteria powder and the water flush fertilizer culture medium according to the mass ratio of 1: mixing at 50-100 deg.C, fermenting at 25-30 deg.C under stirring for 3-5 days;
s5, adding 10-12 parts of wheat bran, 30-45 parts of soybean meal and 5-7 parts of chitosan into the fermentation liquor obtained in the step S4, and stirring and fermenting at 40-50 ℃ for 2-3 days;
s6, mixing 0.5-1 part of neutral cellulase and 0.2-0.5 part of alkaline protease to form a degrading enzyme system, and mixing the degrading enzyme system with the fermentation liquor obtained in the step S5 according to the mass ratio of 1: 50-100 of the fertilizer is mixed, fermented and matured for 7-10 days, and the fertilizer is prepared.
Preferably, the thinning basis for retaining the plurality of flowering spring shoots is that 1 to 3 small shoots are retained, 1 to 4 strong shoots are not retained, and the rest are removed according to the size of the base shoot, so that the nutrients are supplied to the retained flower buds and the retained flowering spring shoots in a concentrated manner.
Preferably, the method for applying the water flush fertilizer comprises the steps of uniformly spreading the water flush fertilizer under the tree crown, turning over the fertilizer, weeds and dry branches and fallen leaves after the water flush fertilizer is applied, cutting off partial root systems of the oranges, uniformly mixing the partial root systems in the soil, enabling the rotary tillage positions to be at least 0.1-0.8 m away from the base of the tree head, enabling the turning-over areas to occupy 20-50% of an orchard, enabling the turning-over areas to be 25-40 cm deep, and covering the whole orchard with ground cloth.
Preferably, the method for applying the root system repairing fertilizer comprises the steps of uniformly spreading the root system repairing fertilizer under a tree crown, turning over the fertilizer, weeds and dry branches and fallen leaves after applying the fertilizer, cutting off partial citrus root systems, uniformly mixing the citrus root systems in soil, enabling the rotary tillage position to be at least 0.1-0.8 m away from the base of a tree head, enabling the turning area to be 20-50% of an orchard, enabling the turning area to be 25-40 cm deep, and covering the whole orchard by ground cloth.
Preferably, the root system repairing agent is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by mass: 89 parts of waste honey liquid, 8 parts of goat horn ash, 0.4 part of microzyme and 0.2 part of ferment bacteria, wherein the goat horn ash is powder prepared by soaking, drying, burning and crushing waste goat horns; the Yuhualing No. 2 foliar fertilizer comprises the following components in parts by mass: 94 parts of waste honey liquid, 3 parts of amino acid, 0.8 part of choline chloride, 0.4 part of microzyme, 0.2 part of ferment bacteria, 0.8 part of urea, 0.5 part of ferrous sulfate, 0.2 part of boric acid, 0.05 part of ammonium molybdate, 6 parts of goat horn ash and 10 parts of glycerol, wherein when the Yuhualing No. 2 foliar fertilizer is sprayed, the dilution is 180 times and 200 times.
Preferably, the spraying of the Yuhualing No. 2 foliar fertilizer in the spring tip stage comprises spraying the Yuhualing No. 2 foliar fertilizer in the spring tip stage during the emergence of flower buds and before the smearing of the flower buds, and spraying the Yuhualing No. 2 foliar fertilizer in the first and second physiological fruit drop stages;
the spraying of the Yuhualing No. 2 foliar fertilizer in the bud sprouting period in spring and before the bud smearing specifically comprises the following steps: under the condition of little or no flowers, spraying the Yuhualing No. 2 foliar fertilizer mixed liquor of Yuhualing No. 2 foliar fertilizer and ethephon when the spring tip grows for 1-3 cm, wherein the concentration of ethephon in the Yuhualing No. 2 foliar fertilizer mixed liquor is lower than 200ppm, and spraying the Yuhualing No. 2 foliar fertilizer 5-7 days after spraying;
the spraying of the Yuhualing No. 2 foliar fertilizer in the first and second physiological fruit drop periods specifically comprises the following steps: under the condition of large flower quantity, the Yuhualing No. 2 foliar fertilizer is sprayed once when young leaves of spring shoots are unfolded; under the condition of insufficient flower quantity, spraying the Yuhualing No. 2 foliar fertilizer once when spring shoots grow by 1-3 cm;
the spraying of Yuhualing No. 2 foliar fertilizer in the summer tip period specifically comprises the following steps: when the withered flowers reach 80-85%, spraying the Yuhualing No. 2 foliar fertilizer once, if the nutrition of the tree body is insufficient, the summer shoots are taken out too early, and spraying the Yuhualing No. 2 foliar fertilizer once when the summer shoots appear white;
the spraying of the Yuhualing No. 2 foliar fertilizer in the autumn tip and winter tip periods specifically comprises the following steps: continuously spraying the Yuhualing No. 2 foliar fertilizer twice in the late autumn and early winter, and spraying the foliar fertilizer every 7 to 10 days for the second time; if the Yuhualing No. 2 foliar fertilizer mixed solution added with the paclobutrazol is sprayed once under the condition of high temperature in winter, excessive rainwater or vigorous tree vigor, the concentration of the paclobutrazol in the Yuhualing No. 2 foliar fertilizer mixed solution is 500ppm, and the bud differentiation of the next year is promoted.
Preferably, the pruning method aims at not drawing new shoots after pruning, and fruits are prevented from being directly irradiated by strong light, and also need to take care of inner bore branches and absorb sunlight; the time selection of the pruning method is based on that trees with more fruits or relatively weak trees or trees planted in dry land are suitable for early pruning, trees with less fruits and planted in vigorous growing trees or paddy fields are suitable for late pruning; the pruning method has the following pruning standards for the branch tips: the bearing mother branch is kept as the main branch, the rest insect-infected branches, weak branches, residual branches after bearing fruits and dense branches are all cut off, the tree body is ventilated and light-transmitting, and summer, autumn and winter branches extracted from the bearing mother branches are properly cut off or cut short according to the size and height of the crown.
Preferably, the pruning method further comprises a quantified shoot, and the quantified shoot is characterized in that: setting a tree with the yield of 30-40 kg for the fruit tree, and reserving 30-50 branches of fruiting mother branches; setting a tree with the yield of 40-60 kg for the fruit tree, and reserving 50-80 branches of fruiting mother branches; the fruit tree is set to have the yield of 60-110 kg, and the number of mother branches for bearing fruits is 70-100.
The invention at least comprises the following beneficial effects:
1. through the combination of root application water flush fertilizer, root system repairing fertilizer and foliage fertilizer spraying, the cell sap concentration of plants is improved, flower formation and fruit setting are facilitated, the water and nutrient circulation effects of the leaf surface-root system are reduced, the nutrient conveying speed is reduced, girdling is avoided, consumption of manpower and material resources is reduced, and loss caused by girdling is reduced.
1.1, under the condition of sufficient nutrition, the bacillus subtilis, the saccharomycete and the bacillus amyloliquefaciens have the characteristic of being capable of quickly splitting and proliferating in soil and a matrix, under the premise of nutrition induction, dominant floras can be quickly formed in the soil along with the application of a fertilizer, and plant debris such as rich withered branches, fallen leaves and aged root systems in the soil environment can be decomposed into organic components such as humic acid and fulvic acid through fermentation after the floras is field planting, so that the humic acid can be directly absorbed by the plant root systems to supplement the concentration of the cell sap of citrus plants.
1.2, micromolecular carbon sources such as oligosaccharide, polysaccharide, oligopeptide, amino acid and the like in the waste honey liquid and biological nitrogen sources such as amino acid and oligopeptide in fish meal and corn flour can be quickly utilized by floras, so that the floras are helped to be quickly proliferated, the number of viable bacteria is increased in a short time, and a foundation is laid for replacing harmful floras in soil after flushing and applying and constructing humic circulating floras. Meanwhile, agricultural grain production waste materials rich in cellulose and polysaccharide, such as soybean meal and rice bran, are added into the culture medium to construct a nutrition structure taking crude fiber as a main or only carbon source in the middle and later stages of fermentation, so that the change of the flora nutrition structure can be induced after the consumption of the micromolecular carbon source is exhausted and the number of floras is increased, and the metabolic capability of degrading cellulose into micromolecular sugar and humic acid is improved.
1.3, after the deep fermentation process, the flora after nutrient screening is adapted to the condition that crude fiber is used as a main carbon source, soybean meal and wheat bran are further added for deep fermentation to generate a large amount of humic acid components, so that the nutrient content of the flush fertilizer and the capacity of improving the concentration of plant cell sap are improved; on the other hand, amino-oligosaccharide components generated in the fermentation process of chitosan and algal polysaccharide can be absorbed by the citrus root system along with the water flush fertilizer, so that the generation of new root systems is induced, and the absorption effect of the nutrient paste is improved.
And 1.4, adding a degrading enzyme system to carry out enzymolysis on residual cellulose, crude protein and other macromolecular components in the fermentation liquor until the fermentation is finished, and completely converting the residual cellulose, crude protein and other macromolecular components into humic acid, amino acid, micromolecular sugar, oligopeptide and other components which can be absorbed and utilized by plants, so that the nutrient components and the absorption effect of the water flush fertilizer are further improved.
2. And part of old roots are cut off by rotary tillage, so that the water absorption capacity is reduced, the cell sap is not easy to dilute, the nutrition absorption is accelerated under the growth of explosive new root tips, the annual high concentration of the plant cell sap is favorably kept, and the ring cutting is further favorably avoided.
Additional advantages, objects, and features of the invention will be set forth in part in the description which follows and in part will become apparent to those having ordinary skill in the art upon examination of the following or may be learned from practice of the invention.
Detailed Description
The present invention is described in further detail below to enable those skilled in the art to practice the invention with reference to the description.
It will be understood that terms such as "having," "including," and "comprising," as used herein, do not preclude the presence or addition of one or more other elements or groups thereof.
< example 1>
A cultivation method for regulating and controlling cell sap concentration of a citrus plant without girdling comprises the following steps:
1) the method for reserving fruiting flower buds and the next year for bearing mother branches comprises the following steps: culturing spring shoots as fruiting branches and fruiting mother branches in the next year, and removing excessive flower buds on the fruiting mother branches in the spring shoot emergence period every year to leave fruiting flower buds; after the spring shoots are put, reserving a plurality of flower-free spring shoots and culturing the flower-free spring shoots into mother branches bearing fruits in the next year;
1.1) the branch thinning basis for reserving the plurality of the flower-free spring shoots is that 1-3 branches are reserved for small branches, 1-4 branches are not reserved for thick branches, and the rest branches are removed, so that nutrition is supplied to reserved flower buds and reserved flower-free spring shoots in a centralized manner.
2) The fertilizing method comprises the steps of applying root fertilizer and spraying Yuhualing No. 2 foliar fertilizer: the root application fertilizer comprises the following components: applying water flush fertilizer to roots 1-2 months per year, and applying root system repairing fertilizer within 10-20 days after flower withering in summer; the spraying of Yuhualing No. 2 foliar fertilizer is as follows: spraying Yuhualing No. 2 foliar fertilizer in the spring tip period to promote flowers, strengthen flowers and reduce the nutritional growth requirements of the spring tip; spraying Yuhualing No. 2 foliar fertilizer in the summer tip period to supplement the nutrition of the tree body and reduce the nutritional growth requirement of the summer tip; spraying Yuhualing No. 2 foliar fertilizer in autumn and winter shoots to promote the differentiation of flower buds in the next year and reduce the nutritional growth requirements of the autumn shoots and the winter shoots;
2.1) the fertilizing amount of the root system repairing fertilizer is calculated as the yield: applying 1.0 kg of root system repairing agent, 1.0 kg of waste honey liquid, 1.0 kg of peanut cake, 0.8 kg of potassium sulfate, 0.1 kg of lime powder, 0.01 kg of yeast extract and 0.1 kg of dipotassium phosphate to 60 kg of plants per yield;
the fertilization amount of the water flush fertilizer is calculated according to the yield: 2.5 kilograms of water flush fertilizer is applied to each 60 kilograms of plants produced; the water flush fertilizer is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by mass:
s1, mixing 20 parts of waste honey liquid, 5 parts of bean pulp, 6 parts of corn flour, 5 parts of fish meal, 5 parts of seaweed extract, 1 part of rice bran and 20 parts of water;
s2, taking the mixture obtained in the step S1, adjusting the pH value to 6 by using dipotassium hydrogen phosphate or potassium dihydrogen phosphate buffer solution with the concentration of 1M, uniformly mixing, sterilizing at the high temperature of 120 ℃ for 30min, and preparing the water flush fertilizer culture medium;
s3, mixing 30 parts of bacillus subtilis, 10 parts of saccharomycetes and 5 parts of bacillus amyloliquefaciens to form organic matter degrading bacterial powder;
s4, mixing the organic matter degrading bacteria powder and the water flush fertilizer culture medium according to the mass ratio of 1:50, mixing, stirring and fermenting for 3 days at 25-30 ℃;
s5, adding 10 parts of wheat bran, 30 parts of soybean meal and 5 parts of chitosan into the fermentation liquor obtained in the step S4, and stirring and fermenting for 2 days at the temperature of 40-50 ℃;
s6, mixing 0.5 part of neutral cellulase and 0.2 part of alkaline protease to form a degrading enzyme system, and mixing the degrading enzyme system with the fermentation liquor obtained in the step S5 according to the mass ratio of 1:50, fermenting and decomposing for 7 days to prepare the water flush fertilizer.
2.2) the method for applying the water flush fertilizer and the root system repairing fertilizer comprises the steps of uniformly scattering the fertilizer under the tree crown, turning over the fertilizer, weeds and dry branches and fallen leaves after the fertilizer is applied, cutting off partial citrus root systems, uniformly mixing the citrus root systems in soil, enabling the rotary tillage position to be 0.8 m away from the base of the tree head, enabling the turning area to be 20% of the orchard, enabling the turning area to be 25cm deep, and covering the garden with ground cloth.
2.3) the root system repairing agent is a root system repairing agent with the patent number of ZL 201510439687.3, and is specifically prepared from the following raw materials in parts by mass: 89 parts of waste honey liquid, 8 parts of goat horn ash, 0.4 part of microzyme and 0.2 part of ferment bacteria, wherein the goat horn ash is powder prepared by soaking, drying, burning and crushing waste goat horns. The foliar fertilizer for Yuhualing No. 2 is a foliar fertilizer with a patent number of ZL201510439697.7, and specifically comprises the following components in parts by mass: 94 parts of waste honey liquid, 3 parts of amino acid, 0.8 part of choline chloride, 0.4 part of microzyme, 0.2 part of ferment bacteria, 0.8 part of urea, 6 parts of goat horn ash and 10 parts of glycerol, wherein when the Yuhualing No. 2 foliar fertilizer is sprayed, the Yuhualing No. 2 foliar fertilizer is diluted by 200 times.
2.4) the spraying of the Yuhualing No. 2 foliar fertilizer in the spring tip stage comprises spraying the Yuhualing No. 2 foliar fertilizer in the spring tip stage during the emergence of flower buds and before the smearing of the flower buds, and spraying the Yuhualing No. 2 foliar fertilizer in the first and second physiological fruit drop stages;
2.41) the spraying of the Yuhualing No. 2 foliar fertilizer in the spring shoot stage during the flower bud extraction and before the flower bud smearing is specifically as follows: under the condition of little or no flower, spraying the Yuhualing No. 2 foliar fertilizer once when the spring tip grows for 1-3 cm, and spraying the Yuhualing No. 2 foliar fertilizer once again after 5-7 days;
2.42) the spraying of the Yuhualing No. 2 foliar fertilizer in the first and second physiological fruit drop periods specifically comprises the following steps: under the condition of large flower quantity, the Yuhualing No. 2 foliar fertilizer is sprayed once when young leaves of spring shoots are unfolded; and under the condition of insufficient flower quantity, the Yuhualing No. 2 foliar fertilizer is sprayed once when spring shoots grow by 1-3 cm.
2.5) the spraying of No. 2 foliar fertilizer of Yuhualing in the summer tip period specifically comprises the following steps: when the withered flowers reach 80-85%, the Yuhualing No. 2 foliar fertilizer is sprayed once, and if the nutrition of the tree body is insufficient, the summer shoots are taken out too early, and when the summer shoots appear white, the Yuhualing No. 2 foliar fertilizer can be sprayed once.
2.6) the spraying of the No. 2 foliar fertilizer of Yuhualing in the autumn tip and winter tip periods specifically comprises the following steps: continuously spraying the Yuhualing No. 2 foliar fertilizer twice in the late autumn and early winter, and spraying the foliar fertilizer every 7 to 10 days for the second time; if the foliar fertilizer Yuhualing No. 2 is sprayed once under the condition of high temperature in winter, excessive rainwater or vigorous tree vigor, the flower bud differentiation of the next year is promoted.
3) The pruning method comprises the following steps: useless shoots of the growing spring shoots, summer shoots, autumn shoots and winter shoots were trimmed.
3.1) the pruning method aims at not drawing new shoots after pruning, avoiding direct irradiation of strong light on fruits, and caring inner bore branches and absorbing sunlight; the time selection of the pruning method is based on that trees with more fruits or relatively weak trees or trees planted in dry land are suitable for early pruning, trees with less fruits and planted in vigorous growing trees or paddy fields are suitable for late pruning; the pruning method has the following pruning standards for the branch tips: the bearing mother branch is kept as the main branch, the rest insect-infected branches, weak branches, residual branches after bearing fruits and dense branches are all cut off, the tree body is ventilated and light-transmitting, and summer, autumn and winter branches extracted from the bearing mother branches are properly cut off or cut short according to the size and height of the crown.
3.2) the pruning method further comprises a quantified pin-withholding standard that: setting a tree with the yield of 30-40 kg for the fruit tree, and reserving 30-50 branches of fruiting mother branches; setting a tree with the yield of 40-60 kg for the fruit tree, and reserving 50-80 branches of fruiting mother branches; the fruit tree is set to have the yield of 60-110 kg, and the number of mother branches for bearing fruits is 70-100.
< example 2>
A cultivation method for regulating and controlling cell sap concentration of a citrus plant without girdling is shown as an example 1, wherein the difference is that the raw materials of the water flush fertilizer are different in parts by mass, the rest is the same as the example 1, and the difference is that the fertilization amount of the water flush fertilizer is calculated by the yield: 2.5 kilograms of water flush fertilizer is applied to each 60 kilograms of plants produced; the water flush fertilizer is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by mass:
s1, mixing 40 parts of waste honey liquid, 15 parts of bean pulp, 13 parts of corn flour, 10 parts of fish meal, 10 parts of seaweed extract, 5 parts of rice bran and 40 parts of water;
s2, taking the mixture obtained in the step S1, adjusting the pH value to 6 by using dipotassium hydrogen phosphate or potassium dihydrogen phosphate buffer solution with the concentration of 1M, uniformly mixing, sterilizing at the high temperature of 120 ℃ for 70min, and preparing the water flush fertilizer culture medium;
s3, taking 55 parts of bacillus subtilis, 20 parts of saccharomycetes and 8 parts of bacillus amyloliquefaciens, and mixing to obtain organic matter degrading bacterial powder;
s4, mixing the organic matter degrading bacteria powder and the water flush fertilizer culture medium according to the mass ratio of 1: 100, stirring and fermenting for 5 days at the temperature of 25-30 ℃;
s5, adding 12 parts of wheat bran, 45 parts of soybean meal and 7 parts of chitosan into the fermentation liquor obtained in the step S4, and stirring and fermenting at 40-50 ℃ for 3 days;
s6, mixing 1 part of neutral cellulase and 0.5 part of alkaline protease to form a degrading enzyme system, and mixing the degrading enzyme system with the fermentation liquor obtained in the step S5 according to the mass ratio of 1: 100, fermenting and decomposing for 10 days to prepare the water flush fertilizer.
< example 3>
A cultivation method for regulating and controlling cell sap concentration of citrus plants without girdling is shown as an example 1, wherein the difference is that root fertilization ways are different, and in the example 3, the application of root restoration fertilizer and water flush fertilizer is as follows: digging an annular ditch with the depth and width of 15-30cm at 10-25cm of the periphery of the crown, applying the root system repairing fertilizer into the ditch, covering soil, watering as required and carrying out drip irrigation, wherein the rest is the same as the embodiment 1.
< comparative example 1>
A citrus fruit cultivation method is shown in example 1, except that the raw material of the water flush fertilizer is different, and specifically the water flush fertilizer of comparative example 1 does not include the waste honey solution, and the rest is the same as in example 1.
< comparative example 2>
A citrus cultivation method is shown in example 1, with the exception that the raw materials for the water flush fertilizer are different, specifically, the water flush fertilizer step S1 of comparative example 2 does not include fish meal and corn meal, and is otherwise the same as in example 1.
< comparative example 3>
A citrus fruit cultivation method is shown in example 1, except that the raw material for the water flush fertilizer is different, specifically, the water flush fertilizer step S1 of comparative example 3 does not include soybean meal and rice bran, and the other steps are the same as in example 1.
< comparative example 4>
A citrus cultivation method is shown in example 1, except that the raw material for the water flush fertilizer is different, specifically, the water flush fertilizer step S5 of comparative example 4 does not include soybean meal and wheat bran, and the other steps are the same as in example 1.
< comparative example 5>
A citrus cultivation method is shown in example 1, with the exception that the raw material of the water flush fertilizer is different, and with the exception that the water flush fertilizer of comparative example 5 does not include chitosan and seaweed extract, the other is the same as in example 1.
< comparative example 6>
A method for cultivating citrus is shown in example 1, wherein the difference is that the raw material of the root system repairing fertilizer is different, the difference is that the root system repairing fertilizer of comparative example 6 does not comprise waste honey liquid, and the rest is the same as example 1.
< comparative example 7>
A method for cultivating citrus is shown in example 1, wherein the difference is that the raw material and preparation method of the water flush fertilizer are different, the difference is the same as example 1, the water flush fertilizer of comparative example 7 comprises a first mixture of 25 parts by mass of commercially available humic acid, 10 parts by mass of commercially available fulvic acid, 20 parts by mass of waste honey liquid, 5 parts by mass of soybean meal, 6 parts by mass of corn flour, 5 parts by mass of fish meal, 5 parts by mass of seaweed extract and 1 part by mass of rice bran, a second mixture of 10 parts by mass of wheat bran, 30 parts by mass of soybean meal and 5 parts by mass of chitosan, and organic matter degrading bacterial powder obtained by mixing 30 parts by mass of Bacillus subtilis, 10 parts by mass of yeast and 5 parts by mass of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, 0.5 part by mass of neutral cellulase and 0.2 part by mass of alkaline protease, the degrading bacterial powder is fermented at 25-30 ℃ for 3 days, and at 40-50 ℃ for 9 days, wherein the mass ratio of the organic matter degrading bacterial powder to, the mass ratio of the degrading enzyme system to the first mixture and the second mixture is 1: 50.
< comparative experiment 1 of the Citrus cultivation methods of examples 1-3 and comparative examples 1-7 >
The method comprises the steps of carrying out experiments on the seedless fertile oranges which enter a full-bearing period in 4.5 years and are planted in a certain production area, wherein the soil water content, the fertility, the pH value and the terrain of an experimental plot are the same, the planting years and the tree terrain are similar, the experimental plot is randomly divided into 10 groups, each group occupies 1 mu in examples 1-3, each group occupies 0.5 mu in comparative examples 1-7, and 100 plus 107 seedless fertile oranges are planted in each mu. Cultivation management was performed for each group according to the cultivation methods of examples 1 to 3 and comparative examples 1 to 7. The economic indexes of the average girdling plant rate per mu in the bud drawing and flowering period, the average girdling plant rate per mu in the summer tip period, the average girdling plant rate per mu in the autumn tip period, the average fruiting plant rate per mu, the average single plant yield, the reduced yield per mu and the like of two continuous years are measured, and statistics are shown in table 1.
Table 1:
< comparative experiment 2 of the orange cultivation method of examples 1 to 3 and comparative examples 1 to 7>
The method comprises the steps of carrying out experiments on the satsuma oranges which enter a full-bearing period in 5 years and are planted in a certain production area, wherein the soil water content, the fertility, the pH value and the terrain of an experimental plot are the same, the planting years and the tree vigor are similar, the experimental plot is randomly divided into 10 groups, each group occupies 1 mu in examples 1-3, each group occupies 0.5 mu in comparative examples 1-7, and 90-100 satsuma oranges are planted in each mu. Cultivation management was performed for each group according to the cultivation methods of examples 1 to 3 and comparative examples 1 to 7. The technical indexes of the average girdling plant rate per mu in the bud-drawing and flowering period, the average girdling plant rate per mu in the summer tip period, the average girdling plant rate per mu in the autumn tip period and the like of two continuous years are measured, and statistics are shown in table 2.
Table 2:
the long-term cultivation statistics from tables 1 and 2 show that:
example 2 the water flush fertilizer of the present invention has a very low ring cutting rate and is free from ring cutting all the year around, unlike example 1, in terms of the parts by mass of the raw materials.
Example 3 different from example 1, a small amount of plants need to be girdled during the cultivation process, and the analysis shows that both the water flush fertilizer and the root system repairing fertilizer can induce more new roots to generate, and under the common water absorption effect of old roots and new roots, the concentration of the root system cell sap is diluted, the leaf surface-root system water and nutrient circulation effect is increased, and a small amount of cost of manpower and material resources is consumed.
The difference between the comparative example 1 and the example 1 is that the water-flush application step S1 does not include the waste honey liquid, and the ring-cutting rate during the cultivation process is higher than that of the example 1. Analysis shows that comparative example 1 affects the proliferation culture of mixed flora, and the replacement of harmful flora in soil after root irrigation and fertilization is difficult, so that the humic circulating flora is difficult to construct.
The difference between the comparative example 2 and the example 1 is that the water flush fertilizer does not comprise fish meal and corn meal, and the girdling rate during the cultivation process is higher than that of the example 1. Analysis shows that comparative example 2 affects the proliferation culture of mixed flora, and the replacement of harmful flora in soil after root irrigation fertilizer application is difficult, so that the humic circulating flora is difficult to construct.
Comparative example 3 is different from example 1 in that the water flush fertilizer does not include soybean meal and rice bran, and the ring-cutting rate during cultivation is higher than that of example 1. Analysis shows that comparative example 3 affects the metabolic capability of the mixed flora to degrade cellulose into micromolecular sugar and humic acid.
The difference between the comparative example 4 and the example 1 is that the deep fermentation of the water flush fertilizer does not comprise soybean meal and wheat bran, and the ring cutting rate during the cultivation process is higher than that of the example 1. Analysis shows that comparative example 4 affects the mixed flora to produce a large amount of humic acid components, affects the nutrient components of the water flush fertilizer and affects the capacity of improving the concentration of plant cell sap.
Comparative example 5 is different from example 1 in that the water flush fertilizer does not include chitosan and seaweed extract, seaweed extract is rich in seaweed polysaccharide, and the ring cutting rate in the cultivation process of comparative example 5 is higher than that of example 1. Analysis shows that chitosan and algal polysaccharide are not included in the fermentation process of the comparative example 5, the amino oligosaccharide component generated by fermentation is influenced, the citrus root system is lack of absorption of the amino oligosaccharide component, the induced new root system generation is influenced, the absorption effect of the nutrient paste is reduced, and the capacity of improving the plant cell sap concentration is influenced.
The difference between the comparative example 6 and the example 1 is that the root system repairing fertilizer does not comprise waste honey liquid, and the girdling rate in the cultivation process is higher than that in the example 1. Analysis shows that the root system repairing fertilizer of the comparative example 6 does not contain waste honey liquid, so that the root system repairing fertilizer applied in the summer tip period lacks small molecular carbon sources such as oligosaccharide, polysaccharide, oligopeptide, amino acid and the like for breeding and culturing humus circulating floras planted in soil, and the annual high concentration of plant cell sap is difficult to maintain.
Comparative example 7 raw materials for water flush fertilizer and preparation method were different from example 1, and the ring cutting rate during cultivation was higher than that of example 1. Analysis shows that comparative example 7 is that a large amount of commercially available humic acid and fulvic acid cannot form dominant flora, a humic circulating flora cannot be constructed, crude fibers in other raw materials cannot be decomposed to generate a large amount of humic acid, fulvic acid and other nutrients, and the commercially available humic acid and fulvic acid have different amounts of humic acid and fulvic acid free radicals and different physiological activities from those of humic acid and fulvic acid obtained by multi-level raw material fermentation, and the citrus root system absorbs different effects to influence the increase of the concentration of plant cell sap.
While embodiments of the invention have been disclosed above, it is not intended to be limited to the uses set forth in the specification and examples. It can be applied to all kinds of fields suitable for the present invention. Additional modifications will readily occur to those skilled in the art. Therefore, the invention is not to be limited to the specific details and embodiments shown and described herein, without departing from the general concept defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.
Claims (8)
1. The cultivation method for regulating and controlling the cell sap concentration of the citrus plant without girdling is characterized by comprising the following steps:
the method for reserving fruiting flower buds and the next year for bearing mother branches comprises the following steps: culturing spring shoots as fruiting branches and fruiting mother branches in the next year, and removing excessive flower buds on the fruiting branches in the spring shoot emergence period every year to leave fruiting flower buds; after the spring shoots are put, reserving a plurality of flower-free spring shoots and culturing the flower-free spring shoots into mother branches bearing fruits in the next year;
the fertilizing method comprises the steps of applying root fertilizer and spraying Yuhualing No. 2 foliar fertilizer: the root application fertilizer comprises the following components: applying water flush fertilizer to roots 1-2 months per year, and applying root system repairing fertilizer within 10-20 days after flower withering in summer; the spraying of Yuhualing No. 2 foliar fertilizer is as follows: spraying Yuhualing No. 2 foliar fertilizer in the spring tip period to promote flowers, strengthen flowers and reduce the nutritional growth requirements of the spring tip; spraying Yuhualing No. 2 foliar fertilizer in the summer tip period to supplement the nutrition of the tree body and reduce the nutritional growth requirement of the summer tip; spraying Yuhualing No. 2 foliar fertilizer in autumn and winter shoots to promote the differentiation of flower buds in the next year and reduce the nutritional growth requirements of the autumn shoots and the winter shoots;
the pruning method comprises the following steps: pruning useless shoots of the growing spring shoots, summer shoots, autumn shoots and winter shoots;
wherein, the fertilizing amount of the root system repairing fertilizer is calculated by the yield: applying 1.0-3.5 kg of root system repairing agent, 1.0-1.5 kg of waste honey liquid, 1.0-2.0 kg of peanut cake, 0.8-1.0 kg of potassium sulfate, 0.1-0.2 kg of lime powder, 0.01-0.15 kg of yeast extract and 0.1-0.8 kg of dipotassium hydrogen phosphate to each 60-100 kg of plants produced;
the fertilization amount of the water flush fertilizer is calculated according to the yield: applying 2.5-5 kg of water flush fertilizer to each 60-100 kg of plants produced; the water flush fertilizer is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by mass:
s1, mixing 20-40 parts of waste honey liquid, 5-15 parts of soybean meal, 6-13 parts of corn flour, 5-10 parts of fish meal, 5-10 parts of seaweed extract, 1-5 parts of rice bran and 20-40 parts of water;
s2, taking the mixture obtained in the step S1, adjusting the pH value to 5.5-7.5 by using dipotassium hydrogen phosphate or potassium dihydrogen phosphate buffer solution with the concentration of 1M, uniformly mixing, sterilizing at the high temperature of 120 ℃ for 30-70min, and preparing a water flush fertilizer culture medium;
s3, mixing 30-55 parts of bacillus subtilis, 10-20 parts of yeast and 5-8 parts of bacillus amyloliquefaciens to form organic matter degradation bacterial powder;
s4, mixing the organic matter degrading bacteria powder and the water flush fertilizer culture medium according to the mass ratio of 1: mixing at 50-100 deg.C, fermenting at 25-30 deg.C under stirring for 3-5 days;
s5, adding 10-12 parts of wheat bran, 30-45 parts of soybean meal and 5-7 parts of chitosan into the fermentation liquor obtained in the step S4, and stirring and fermenting at 40-50 ℃ for 2-3 days;
s6, mixing 0.5-1 part of neutral cellulase and 0.2-0.5 part of alkaline protease to form a degrading enzyme system, and mixing the degrading enzyme system with the fermentation liquor obtained in the step S5 according to the mass ratio of 1: 50-100 of the fertilizer is mixed, fermented and matured for 7-10 days, and the fertilizer is prepared.
2. The cultivation method of citrus plant without girdling through cell sap concentration regulation of claim 1, wherein the division for retaining a plurality of flowering spring shoots is based on the principle that 1-3 branches are retained according to the size of a base branch, no more than 1-4 branches are retained for robust branches, and the rest are removed, so that nutrition is supplied to the retained flower buds and the retained flowering spring shoots in a centralized manner.
3. The cultivation method of claim 2, wherein the irrigation fertilizer is applied by uniformly spreading the irrigation fertilizer under the crown, turning over the fertilizer, weeds and dry branches and leaves, cutting off part of citrus root system, uniformly mixing in soil, the rotary tillage place is at least 0.1-0.8 m away from the base of the tree head, the turning area is 20-50% of the orchard, the depth is 25-40 cm, and covering the whole orchard by ground cloth.
4. The cultivation method of claim 3, wherein the method for applying the root system restoration fertilizer comprises the steps of uniformly spreading the root system restoration fertilizer under the crown, turning over the fertilizer, weeds and fallen leaves of dead branches after applying the fertilizer, cutting off part of the citrus root system, uniformly mixing the citrus root system and the fertilizer in the soil, wherein the rotary tillage position is at least 0.1-0.8 m away from the base of the tree head, the area of the turning over is 20-50% of the orchard, the depth is 25-40 cm, and the tree is covered by ground cloth in the whole garden.
5. The cultivation method of claim 4, wherein the root system repairing agent is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by mass: 89 parts of waste honey liquid, 8 parts of goat horn ash, 0.4 part of microzyme and 0.2 part of ferment bacteria, wherein the goat horn ash is powder prepared by soaking, drying, burning and crushing waste goat horns; the Yuhualing No. 2 foliar fertilizer comprises the following components in parts by mass: 94 parts of waste honey liquid, 3 parts of amino acid, 0.8 part of choline chloride, 0.4 part of microzyme, 0.2 part of ferment bacteria, 0.8 part of urea, 0.5 part of ferrous sulfate, 0.2 part of boric acid, 0.05 part of ammonium molybdate, 6 parts of goat horn ash and 10 parts of glycerol, wherein when the Yuhualing No. 2 foliar fertilizer is sprayed, the dilution is 180 times and 200 times.
6. The cultivation method of citrus plant for cell sap concentration regulation and control without girdling according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the spraying of Yuhualing No. 2 foliar fertilizer in spring shoot period comprises spraying of Yuhualing No. 2 foliar fertilizer in spring shoot period at the time of emergence of flower bud and before smearing of flower bud, and spraying of Yuhualing No. 2 foliar fertilizer in first and second physiological fruit drop period;
the spraying of the Yuhualing No. 2 foliar fertilizer during the sprouting of the flower buds in the spring shoot period and before the flower buds are smeared specifically comprises the following steps: under the condition of little or no flowers, spraying the Yuhualing No. 2 foliar fertilizer mixed liquor of Yuhualing No. 2 foliar fertilizer and ethephon when the spring tip grows for 1-3 cm, wherein the concentration of ethephon in the Yuhualing No. 2 foliar fertilizer mixed liquor is lower than 200ppm, and spraying the Yuhualing No. 2 foliar fertilizer 5-7 days after spraying;
the spraying of the Yuhualing No. 2 foliar fertilizer in the first and second physiological fruit drop periods specifically comprises the following steps: under the condition of large flower quantity, the Yuhualing No. 2 foliar fertilizer is sprayed once when young leaves of spring shoots are unfolded; under the condition of insufficient flower quantity, spraying the Yuhualing No. 2 foliar fertilizer once when spring shoots grow by 1-3 cm;
the spraying of Yuhualing No. 2 foliar fertilizer in the summer tip period specifically comprises the following steps: when the withered flowers reach 80-85%, spraying the Yuhualing No. 2 foliar fertilizer once, if the nutrition of the tree body is insufficient, the summer shoots are taken out too early, and spraying the Yuhualing No. 2 foliar fertilizer once when the summer shoots appear white;
the spraying of the Yuhualing No. 2 foliar fertilizer in the autumn tip and winter tip periods specifically comprises the following steps: continuously spraying the Yuhualing No. 2 foliar fertilizer twice in the late autumn and early winter, and spraying the foliar fertilizer every 7 to 10 days for the second time; if the Yuhualing No. 2 foliar fertilizer mixed solution added with the paclobutrazol is sprayed once under the condition of high temperature in winter, excessive rainwater or vigorous tree vigor, the concentration of the paclobutrazol in the Yuhualing No. 2 foliar fertilizer mixed solution is 500ppm, and the bud differentiation of the next year is promoted.
7. The cultivation method of claim 6, wherein the pruning method aims at not drawing new shoots after pruning, avoiding direct sunlight on fruits, caring inner bore branches and absorbing sunlight; the time selection of the pruning method is based on that trees with more fruits or relatively weak trees or trees planted in dry land are suitable for early pruning, trees with less fruits and planted in vigorous growing trees or paddy fields are suitable for late pruning; the pruning method has the following pruning standards for the branch tips: the bearing mother branch is kept as the main branch, the rest insect-infected branches, weak branches, residual branches after bearing fruits and dense branches are all cut off, the tree body is ventilated and light-transmitting, and summer, autumn and winter branches extracted from the bearing mother branches are properly cut off or cut short according to the size and height of the crown.
8. The citrus plant cell sap concentration-controlled girdling-free cultivation method according to claim 7, wherein the pruning method further comprises quantifying shoot retention, and the quantifying shoot retention criteria are as follows: setting a tree with the yield of 30-40 kg for the fruit tree, and reserving 30-50 branches of fruiting mother branches; setting a tree with the yield of 40-60 kg for the fruit tree, and reserving 50-80 branches of fruiting mother branches; the fruit tree is set to have the yield of 60-110 kg, and the number of mother branches for bearing fruits is 70-100.
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