CN107197672A - A kind of balloonflower root efficient cultivation method - Google Patents
A kind of balloonflower root efficient cultivation method Download PDFInfo
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- CN107197672A CN107197672A CN201710454372.5A CN201710454372A CN107197672A CN 107197672 A CN107197672 A CN 107197672A CN 201710454372 A CN201710454372 A CN 201710454372A CN 107197672 A CN107197672 A CN 107197672A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G7/00—Botany in general
- A01G7/06—Treatment of growing trees or plants, e.g. for preventing decay of wood, for tingeing flowers or wood, for prolonging the life of plants
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01B—SOIL WORKING IN AGRICULTURE OR FORESTRY; PARTS, DETAILS, OR ACCESSORIES OF AGRICULTURAL MACHINES OR IMPLEMENTS, IN GENERAL
- A01B79/00—Methods for working soil
- A01B79/02—Methods for working soil combined with other agricultural processing, e.g. fertilising, planting
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
- A01C21/00—Methods of fertilising, sowing or planting
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G13/00—Protecting plants
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G31/00—Soilless cultivation, e.g. hydroponics
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05B—PHOSPHATIC FERTILISERS
- C05B7/00—Fertilisers based essentially on alkali or ammonium orthophosphates
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05D—INORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C; FERTILISERS PRODUCING CARBON DIOXIDE
- C05D9/00—Other inorganic fertilisers
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05G—MIXTURES OF FERTILISERS COVERED INDIVIDUALLY BY DIFFERENT SUBCLASSES OF CLASS C05; MIXTURES OF ONE OR MORE FERTILISERS WITH MATERIALS NOT HAVING A SPECIFIC FERTILISING ACTIVITY, e.g. PESTICIDES, SOIL-CONDITIONERS, WETTING AGENTS; FERTILISERS CHARACTERISED BY THEIR FORM
- C05G3/00—Mixtures of one or more fertilisers with additives not having a specially fertilising activity
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- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
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Abstract
The present invention relates to a kind of balloonflower root efficient cultivation method, the cultural method includes the steps such as selection of land and site preparation, nursery, transplanting, final-period management and harvesting.Using cultural method of the present invention, it is used as its base fertilizer by adding seedling medium in seedling-raising box, can not only keeps the soil moisture in seedling raising process, it is impossible to promote ballooflower rhizome Rapid Rooting to germinate, improve nursery success rate.Balloonflower root seedling is together transplanted together with seedling-raising box, it is to avoid balloonflower root young root is damaged during lifting, promote balloonflower root seedling quickly to return seedling.During final-period management, by weeding, apply foliar fertilizer, pinch and nip off the flowers, topdress and insect pest preventing and controlling daily management, and the raw material used in each step and the various parameters numerical value being related to strictly are controlled, the yield and quality of balloonflower root are substantially increased by reasonable management, while also increasing the income of planting household.Method of the present invention has easy to operate, production cost relatively low, safe and reliable.
Description
Technical field
The invention belongs to Chinese medicine planting technology field, and in particular to a kind of balloonflower root efficient cultivation method.
Background technology
Balloonflower root is Campanulaceae herbaceos perennial, and balloonflower root alias burden flower, small bell flower, mitral flower can make ornamental flower,
Its root can be used as medicine, and have the effect such as cough-relieving apophlegmatic, facilitaing lung, apocenosis, cure mainly the symptoms such as coughing with a lot of sputum, abscess of throat.Balloonflower root is eaten for medicine
Dual-purpose product, balloonflower root amount is also very big, and its tender leaf can pickle into salted vegetables, and for lying fallow, pickles are either made with tender leaf
Wine.The gentle nice and cool weather of balloonflower root happiness, seedling stage is afraid of that strong light directly shines, must shade, strain happiness sunlight is afraid of ponding, suitably soil layer it is deep,
Draining is good, the soil is porous and is cultivated on the sand loam containing humus.
Balloonflower root is the common medicine in the traditional Chinese medical science, because balloonflower root has higher medical value and economic value, therefore balloonflower root
Artificial planting technique is also more and more, and the implantation methods for using seed sowing of balloonflower root plantation at present are planted more, live side
Its percentage of seedgermination of formula is low, and the incidence of disease is high in the planting process of balloonflower root, the phenomenon of butt rot easily occurs, shoot survival percent is low,
So as to cause balloonflower root to yield poorly, deficiency in economic performance.In addition, in balloonflower root planting process, abusing or being excessively used agricultural chemicals, fertilizer existing
As universal, cause medicine residual and heavy metals exceeding standard, balloonflower root bast is flourishing, radial striations is not obvious, yield, the matter of serious restriction balloonflower root
Amount and medicinal herb grower's planting benefit.
The content of the invention
The technical problem to be solved in the present invention be in view of the shortcomings of the prior art there is provided a kind of balloonflower root efficient cultivation method,
To solve present in the balloonflower root plantation of prior art presence that nutrient is inadequate, nursery stock easily infect that pest and disease damage, rooting rate be low, yield
Relatively low the problem of.
In order to solve the above technical problems, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is：A kind of balloonflower root efficient cultivation method, the cultivation
Culture method comprises the following steps：
(1) selection of land and site preparation：Select sunny, draining is good, and soil layer is deep, sand loam rich in humus, pH value 6~
Loam between 7 is as planting site, and deep plough 40~50cm after basal dressing, needs to apply base manure after turning over, and harrows thin leveling, often
The base manure that is applied in site preparation of mu is 1000~1500kg of farmyard manure, 20~30kg of potash fertilizer, 25~35kg of urea, phosphate fertilizer 30~
40kg, 60~80kg of efficient compound fertilizer, above-mentioned base manure is uniformly spread in planting site, is then done width and is planted in 1.2~1.5m kinds
Open 0.2~0.3m of width gutter in furrow, its both sides；
(2) nursery：From biennial ballooflower rhizome, the rhizome length retained on the reed head on 3~4 buds, reed head is no more than
3cm；Reed head is planted in seedling-raising box and seedling medium is added, nursery culture at room temperature is placed, wherein the seedling-raising box
A diameter of 5~6cm, is highly 8~10cm；The seedling medium is by decomposed cow dung, wormcast, rotten mosses ash, peat soil and pearl
Rock is 3 in mass ratio:2:2:1:1 mixed preparing is formed, and then carries out seedling management using conventional seedbed system method；
(3) transplant：As 10~12cm of height of seedling, the selection time of the year when autumn changes into winter is transplanted the plantation in step (1) after treatment
In furrow, according to 15~20cm of spacing in the rows during transplanting, 20~25cm of line-spacing；Take ditching mode to be transplanted, ditch depth in 25~30cm,
Then seedling-raising box is planted in ditch and earthing, height to earth up is apart from 3~5cm of plant top；
(4) final-period management：Weeding：Start weeding when seedling grows to 20cm, need to carry out except once careless every other month；Apply leaf
Leaven：Foliar fertilizer is sprayed when seedling grows to 25~30cm, the foliar fertilizer is formed by following components mixed preparing：Absolute ethyl alcohol
300 parts of 20 parts, 30 parts of methyl α-naphthyl acetate, 5 parts of microbial bacterial agent, 20 parts of urea, 10 parts of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 20 parts of sucrose and water；Beat
Nip off the flowers on top：When balloonflower root above ground portion length is to 35cm, when branch grows bud, top bud is extractd in time, using artificial
Extract bud and reaping hook cuts off bud, at least retain the branch and blade of 20cm height, during large area plantation, sprayed in full-bloom stage
Ethene is bloomed with reducing；Topdress：Topdressed, to be watered while topdressing, topdress application of organic fertilizers in 7~September part
And phosphate fertilizer, wherein Rate of Organic Fertilizer is 3500kg/ mus, and Phosphorus Fertilizer Rates are 50kg/ mus；Insect pest preventing and controlling：It is main to use vegetalitas agriculture
Medicine and biological pesticide, limitation are harvested in first 20 days in medicinal material using the efficient, agricultural chemicals of low toxicity, low-residual and are forbidden medication；
(5) harvest：Transplant just can harvest then, collecting time be 2 months November to next years between, balloonflower root ground cauline leaf is cut
Go, dug underground rhizome, remove its fibrous root, take advantage of it is fresh scrape off after tertia and 2~3h in clear water be immersed in after being eluted with water, then take again
Go out to dry.
Further, the balloonflower root efficient cultivation method, wherein the disease pest during the step (4) final-period management is prevented
Control, for droop, sprayed, at interval of 10 days once, continuously sprayed 2~3 times using 50% chlorine bromine isouric acid, 800 times of liquid；It is right
Ring spot, is sprayed using 50% carbendazim, 1000 times of liquid, at interval of 10 days once, continuously sprayed 2~3 times；To red spider, aphid
Sprayed once using 40% dimethoate emulsifiable concentrate, 1000 times of liquid, its amount of spraying is 2L/ mus.
Using a kind of balloonflower root efficient cultivation method of the present invention, compared with prior art, beneficial effect is：In seedling-raising box
Matrix using decomposed cow dung, wormcast, rotten mosses ash, peat soil and perlite mixed preparing as its base fertilizer, can not only protect
Hold the soil moisture in seedling raising process, it is impossible to promote ballooflower rhizome Rapid Rooting to germinate, improve balloonflower root seedling rooting rate and successfully
Rate.Balloonflower root seedling is together transplanted together with seedling-raising box, it is to avoid balloonflower root young root is damaged during lifting, promote balloonflower root
Seedling quickly returns seedling, improves the transplanting survival rate of seedling.During final-period management, by weeding, application foliar fertilizer, pinch and pinch
Spend, topdress and insect pest preventing and controlling daily management, the problem of timely weeding can avoid weeds from grabbing balloonflower root nutrient occurs；By applying
Foliar fertilizer, can adjust the ratio of methyl α-naphthyl acetate and sucrose in balloonflower root tissue, reduce cane sugar content, improve the content of auxin, so that
The differentiation and development of balloonflower root root xylem can be stimulated, accelerates growing for xylem, while suppressing the life of phloem cell
It is long；Pinching to nip off the flowers can play a part of reducing flowers and fruits and taking balloonflower root nutrient and can be beneficial to increase photosynthesis ensureing balloonflower root root
Growth, is the important means for improving balloonflower root yield；Rationally topdress and can significantly be dropped in the case where ensureing the abundant nutrient of balloonflower root
The ill probability of low balloonflower root, coordinates the plant disease management in later stage to can solve the problem that the problem of disease causes yield reduction.It is of the present invention
Cultural method by carrying out the series of processing steps such as selection of land and site preparation, nursery, transplanting, final-period management, and by each
Raw material used in step and the various parameters numerical value being related to strictly are controlled, when substantially reducing the cultivation of balloonflower root
Between, the yield and quality of balloonflower root are improved, while also increasing the income of planting household.Meanwhile, method of the invention has operation letter
Just, production cost is relatively low, safe and reliable.
Embodiment
In order to more fully explain the implementation of the present invention, the present invention is further illustrated below in conjunction with specific embodiment.Institute
Give an actual example and be served only for explaining the present invention, rather than limit the scope of the present invention.
Embodiment 1：
A kind of balloonflower root efficient cultivation method, the cultural method comprises the following steps：
(1) selection of land and site preparation：Select sunny, draining is good, and soil layer is deep, sand loam rich in humus, pH value 6~
Loam between 6.5 is as planting site, and deep plough 40~45cm after basal dressing, needs to apply base manure after turning over, and harrows thin leveling,
Every mu of base manure applied in site preparation is 1000~1200kg of farmyard manure, 20~25kg of potash fertilizer, 25~30kg of urea, phosphate fertilizer 30
~35kg, 60~70kg of efficient compound fertilizer, above-mentioned base manure is uniformly spread in planting site, then does width in 1.2m kind planting-lines,
Open width 0.2m gutter in its both sides；
(2) nursery：From biennial ballooflower rhizome, the rhizome length retained on the reed head on 3~4 buds, reed head is no more than
3cm；Reed head is planted in seedling-raising box and seedling medium is added, nursery culture at room temperature is placed, wherein the seedling-raising box
A diameter of 5cm, is highly 8~9cm；The seedling medium is pressed by decomposed cow dung, wormcast, rotten mosses ash, peat soil and perlite
Mass ratio is 3:2:2:1:1 mixed preparing is formed, and then carries out seedling management using conventional seedbed system method；
(3) transplant：As height of seedling 10cm, the selection time of the year when autumn changes into winter is transplanted in the kind planting-line in step (1) after treatment,
According to spacing in the rows 15cm during transplanting, line-spacing 20cm；Ditching mode is taken to be transplanted, then ditch depth plants seedling-raising box in 25cm
In ditch and earthing, height to earth up is apart from plant top 3cm；
(4) final-period management：Weeding：Start weeding when seedling grows to 20cm, need to carry out except once careless every other month；Apply leaf
Leaven：Foliar fertilizer is sprayed when seedling grows to 25~28cm, the foliar fertilizer is formed by following components mixed preparing：Absolute ethyl alcohol
300 parts of 20 parts, 30 parts of methyl α-naphthyl acetate, 5 parts of microbial bacterial agent, 20 parts of urea, 10 parts of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 20 parts of sucrose and water；Beat
Nip off the flowers on top：When balloonflower root above ground portion length is to 35cm, when branch grows bud, top bud is extractd in time, using artificial
Extract bud and reaping hook cuts off bud, at least retain the branch and blade of 20cm height, during large area plantation, sprayed in full-bloom stage
Ethene is bloomed with reducing；Topdress：Topdressed, to be watered while topdressing, topdress application of organic fertilizers in 7~September part
And phosphate fertilizer, wherein Rate of Organic Fertilizer is 3500kg/ mus, and Phosphorus Fertilizer Rates are 50kg/ mus；Insect pest preventing and controlling：It is main to use vegetalitas agriculture
Medicine and biological pesticide, limitation are harvested in first 20 days in medicinal material using the efficient, agricultural chemicals of low toxicity, low-residual and are forbidden medication；Wherein pin
To droop, sprayed, at interval of 10 days once, continuously sprayed 2 times using 50% chlorine bromine isouric acid, 800 times of liquid；To ring spot, adopt
Sprayed, at interval of 10 days once, continuously sprayed 2 times with 50% carbendazim, 1000 times of liquid；40% Rogor is used to red spider, aphid
1000 times of liquid of missible oil are sprayed once, and its amount of spraying is 2L/ mus；
(5) harvest：Transplant just can harvest then, collecting time be 2 months November to next years between, balloonflower root ground cauline leaf is cut
Go, dug underground rhizome, remove its fibrous root, take advantage of it is fresh scrape off after tertia and 2~3h in clear water be immersed in after being eluted with water, then take again
Go out to dry.
Embodiment 2：
A kind of balloonflower root efficient cultivation method, the cultural method comprises the following steps：
(1) selection of land and site preparation：Select sunny, draining is good, and soil layer is deep, sand loam rich in humus, and pH value is 6.5
Loam between~7 is as planting site, and deep plough 45~50cm after basal dressing, needs to apply base manure after turning over, and harrows thin leveling,
Every mu of base manure applied in site preparation is 1300~1500kg of farmyard manure, 25~30kg of potash fertilizer, 30~35kg of urea, phosphate fertilizer 35
~40kg, 70~80kg of efficient compound fertilizer, above-mentioned base manure is uniformly spread in planting site, then does width in 1.5m kind planting-lines,
Open width 0.3m gutter in its both sides；
(2) nursery：From biennial ballooflower rhizome, the rhizome length retained on the reed head on 3~4 buds, reed head is no more than
3cm；Reed head is planted in seedling-raising box and seedling medium is added, nursery culture at room temperature is placed, wherein the seedling-raising box
A diameter of 6cm, is highly 9~10cm；The seedling medium is pressed by decomposed cow dung, wormcast, rotten mosses ash, peat soil and perlite
Mass ratio is 3:2:2:1:1 mixed preparing is formed, and then carries out seedling management using conventional seedbed system method；
(3) transplant：As height of seedling 12cm, the selection time of the year when autumn changes into winter is transplanted in the kind planting-line in step (1) after treatment,
According to spacing in the rows 20cm during transplanting, line-spacing 25cm；Ditching mode is taken to be transplanted, then ditch depth plants seedling-raising box in 30cm
In ditch and earthing, height to earth up is apart from plant top 5cm；
(4) final-period management：Weeding：Start weeding when seedling grows to 20cm, need to carry out except once careless every other month；Apply leaf
Leaven：Foliar fertilizer is sprayed when seedling grows to 27~30cm, the foliar fertilizer is formed by following components mixed preparing：Absolute ethyl alcohol
300 parts of 20 parts, 30 parts of methyl α-naphthyl acetate, 5 parts of microbial bacterial agent, 20 parts of urea, 10 parts of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 20 parts of sucrose and water；Beat
Nip off the flowers on top：When balloonflower root above ground portion length is to 35cm, when branch grows bud, top bud is extractd in time, using artificial
Extract bud and reaping hook cuts off bud, at least retain the branch and blade of 20cm height, during large area plantation, sprayed in full-bloom stage
Ethene is bloomed with reducing；Topdress：Topdressed, to be watered while topdressing, topdress application of organic fertilizers in 7~September part
And phosphate fertilizer, wherein Rate of Organic Fertilizer is 3500kg/ mus, and Phosphorus Fertilizer Rates are 50kg/ mus；Insect pest preventing and controlling：It is main to use vegetalitas agriculture
Medicine and biological pesticide, limitation are harvested in first 20 days in medicinal material using the efficient, agricultural chemicals of low toxicity, low-residual and are forbidden medication；Wherein pin
To droop, sprayed, at interval of 10 days once, continuously sprayed 3 times using 50% chlorine bromine isouric acid, 800 times of liquid；To ring spot, adopt
Sprayed, at interval of 10 days once, continuously sprayed 3 times with 50% carbendazim, 1000 times of liquid；40% Rogor is used to red spider, aphid
1000 times of liquid of missible oil are sprayed once, and its amount of spraying is 2L/ mus；
(5) harvest：Transplant just can harvest then, collecting time be 2 months November to next years between, balloonflower root ground cauline leaf is cut
Go, dug underground rhizome, remove its fibrous root, take advantage of it is fresh scrape off after tertia and 2~3h in clear water be immersed in after being eluted with water, then take again
Go out to dry.
Claims (2)
1. a kind of balloonflower root efficient cultivation method, it is characterised in that the cultural method comprises the following steps：
(1) selection of land and site preparation：Select sunny, draining is good, and soil layer is deep, sand loam rich in humus, pH value 6~
Loam between 7 is as planting site, and deep plough 40~50cm after basal dressing, needs to apply base manure after turning over, and harrows thin leveling, often
The base manure that is applied in site preparation of mu is 1000~1500kg of farmyard manure, 20~30kg of potash fertilizer, 25~35kg of urea, phosphate fertilizer 30~
40kg, 60~80kg of efficient compound fertilizer, above-mentioned base manure is uniformly spread in planting site, is then done width and is planted in 1.2~1.5m kinds
Open 0.2~0.3m of width gutter in furrow, its both sides；
(2) nursery：From biennial ballooflower rhizome, the rhizome length retained on the reed head on 3~4 buds, reed head is no more than
3cm；Reed head is planted in seedling-raising box and seedling medium is added, nursery culture at room temperature is placed, wherein the seedling-raising box
A diameter of 5~6cm, is highly 8~10cm；The seedling medium is by decomposed cow dung, wormcast, rotten mosses ash, peat soil and pearl
Rock is 3 in mass ratio:2:2:1:1 mixed preparing is formed, and then carries out seedling management using conventional seedbed system method；
(3) transplant：As 10~12cm of height of seedling, the selection time of the year when autumn changes into winter is transplanted the plantation in step (1) after treatment
In furrow, according to 15~20cm of spacing in the rows during transplanting, 20~25cm of line-spacing；Take ditching mode to be transplanted, ditch depth in 25~30cm,
Then seedling-raising box is planted in ditch and earthing, height to earth up is apart from 3~5cm of plant top；
(4) final-period management：Weeding：Start weeding when seedling grows to 20cm, need to carry out except once careless every other month；Apply leaf
Leaven：Foliar fertilizer is sprayed when seedling grows to 25~30cm, the foliar fertilizer is formed by following components mixed preparing：Absolute ethyl alcohol
300 parts of 20 parts, 30 parts of methyl α-naphthyl acetate, 5 parts of microbial bacterial agent, 20 parts of urea, 10 parts of potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 20 parts of sucrose and water；Beat
Nip off the flowers on top：When balloonflower root above ground portion length is to 35cm, when branch grows bud, top bud is extractd in time, using artificial
Extract bud and reaping hook cuts off bud, at least retain the branch and blade of 20cm height, during large area plantation, sprayed in full-bloom stage
Ethene is bloomed with reducing；Topdress：Topdressed, to be watered while topdressing, topdress application of organic fertilizers in 7~September part
And phosphate fertilizer, wherein Rate of Organic Fertilizer is 3500kg/ mus, and Phosphorus Fertilizer Rates are 50kg/ mus；Insect pest preventing and controlling：It is main to use vegetalitas agriculture
Medicine and biological pesticide, limitation are harvested in first 20 days in medicinal material using the efficient, agricultural chemicals of low toxicity, low-residual and are forbidden medication；
(5) harvest：Transplant just can harvest then, collecting time be 2 months November to next years between, balloonflower root ground cauline leaf is cut
Go, dug underground rhizome, remove its fibrous root, take advantage of it is fresh scrape off after tertia and 2~3h in clear water be immersed in after being eluted with water, then take again
Go out to dry.
2. balloonflower root efficient cultivation method according to claim 1, it is characterised in that：Step (4) the final-period management process
In insect pest preventing and controlling, for droop, sprayed, at interval of 10 days once, continuously sprayed using 50% chlorine bromine isouric acid, 800 times of liquid
2~3 times；To ring spot, sprayed, at interval of 10 days once, continuously sprayed 2~3 times using 50% carbendazim, 1000 times of liquid；To red
Spider, aphid are sprayed once using 40% dimethoate emulsifiable concentrate, 1000 times of liquid, and its amount of spraying is 2L/ mus.
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Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN107873464A (en) * | 2017-12-08 | 2018-04-06 | 恩施清江生物工程有限公司 | The selenium fertilizer application process and cultural method of a kind of balloonflower root |
| CN108260482A (en) * | 2018-03-22 | 2018-07-10 | 佛山推启农业研究院（普通合伙） | A kind of campanulaceae non-polluted planting method rich in various trace elements |
| CN108293771A (en) * | 2017-09-28 | 2018-07-20 | 贵州省仁怀市雨花中药材种植有限公司 | A kind of high yield cultivating method of campanulaceae |
| CN112673826A (en) * | 2020-12-24 | 2021-04-20 | 安康市农业科学研究院 | Seedling breeding method using dangshen reed heads |
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