CN111990303A

CN111990303A - Method for breeding Australia freshwater crayfishes in paddy field

Info

Publication number: CN111990303A
Application number: CN202010946306.1A
Authority: CN
Inventors: 顾俊荣; 董明辉; 陶胜; 陈培峰; 宋云生; 徐喆
Original assignee: Suzhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences
Current assignee: Suzhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences
Priority date: 2020-09-10
Filing date: 2020-09-10
Publication date: 2020-11-27

Abstract

The invention discloses a method for culturing Australia freshwater crayfishes in a paddy field, which comprises the following steps: reinforcing and heightening the ridge of the rice field, excavating an annular shrimp culture ditch along the periphery of the rice field, and arranging a water inlet ditch, a water drainage ditch and an anti-escape facility; excavating temporary rearing sheds in the rice field; drying the field water, drying the field in the sun, and disinfecting the shrimp culture ditch; adding water into the shrimp culturing ditch, planting tape grass and hydrilla verticillata, transplanting rice seedlings, and putting shrimp seedlings; feeding the shrimp feed at fixed time and fixed quantity, wherein the shrimp feed is put on the outer peripheral side of the shrimp culturing ditch; detecting water quality every week, and changing water according to needs; and (5) catching shrimps in the last ten days of 10 months, growing rice ears, and harvesting rice after the field is roasted. According to the invention, the eel grass and the hydrilla verticillata are planted in the shrimp culturing ditch, so that the water changing frequency can be reduced, the shrimp feed investment is reduced, mutual killing of Australia freshwater crayfishes can be weakened, and the crayfish yield is increased; through at the peripheral annular shrimp ditch of raising of excavation of paddy field, be favorable to raising the material exchange between shrimp ditch and the paddy field to make crayfish and rice output obtain promoting.

Description

Method for breeding Australia freshwater crayfishes in paddy field

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the technical field of ecological breeding, and particularly relates to a method for breeding Australia freshwater crayfishes in a rice field.

Background

The comprehensive planting and breeding of rice and fishery mainly utilizes the space of a rice field, organically combines rice planting with aquaculture, constructs a rice-fishery symbiosis mutual promotion system by implementing simple engineering transformation on the rice field, enables the rice planting and the aquaculture to symbiotically coordinately, and achieves the aims of planting rice with fishery and promoting rice with fishery, having two purposes in one water and having multiple harvests in one field.

The Australia freshwater crayfish is named as four-ridge bare-shell Nanxia crayfish, belongs to the Pacific crayfish family, is also named as red crayfish, is originally produced in Australia, is exactly like a crayfish in the sea, and is one of the most famous and precious freshwater economic crayfish species in the world. The shrimp body is brown green, and the top end of the chela of the mature male shrimp has a membrane fresh red zone, so that the shrimp is beautiful and good, and is known as red chela shrimp. The Australia freshwater crayfish is large, fat and beautiful, and generally individually weighs 100-200 g; the growth is fast and the yield is high; the meat is rich in nutrition, tender, smooth and crisp, delicious and sweet in taste and unique in flavor; the adaptability is strong, the environment can endure severe weather, and the life can be normal between 5 and 35 ℃; the edible impurities are not only animal feed, but also artificial compound feed and humus; the economic benefit is high. The Australia freshwater crayfish not only has high yield, but also has extremely strong vitality resistance, and is convenient for long-distance transportation. The fresh and alive prawn is favored by markets at home and abroad, and is very robbed in western countries, Japan and China in Hongkong and Australia.

At present, most of shrimps in the rice field are crayfishes in the Kirschner, and because of the technical bottleneck, no one is temporarily cultured in the rice field of the Australian freshwater crayfishes, the main reasons are as follows: the Australia freshwater crayfish has high requirements on water quality, and the water quality can not meet the requirements in the culture process; australia crayfish is good in nature, the situation that the same species can be killed mutually is very serious, and the yield is reduced. At present, in order to reduce the influence of water on yield, a method of frequently changing water in a culture process is generally adopted, but the method also causes waste of water resources.

Disclosure of Invention

In view of the above, the present invention provides a method for breeding Australia crayfish in rice field to overcome the disadvantages of the prior art.

In order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention provides the following technical solutions.

A method for culturing Australia freshwater crayfish in a paddy field comprises the following steps:

(1) rice field transformation: reinforcing and heightening ridges of the rice field, excavating an annular shrimp culture ditch at the periphery of the rice field, arranging a water inlet ditch and a water drainage ditch, independently feeding water into the water inlet ditch and independently draining water from the water drainage ditch, arranging 4-6 water inlets and water outlets with the diameters of 15-25cm in the annular shrimp culture ditch at equal intervals, and arranging escape-proof facilities;

(2) digging temporary cultivation sheds in the rice field, wherein the area is one mu, the depth of the shed is 80-100cm, and cattail is planted in the sheds.

(3) Before planting rice, drying the field water, drying the field in the sun, and disinfecting the shrimp culture ditch by adding quicklime into the water;

(4) putting the shrimp seeds in a temporary rearing shed, adding water in a shrimp rearing ditch, planting the eel grass and the hydrilla verticillata, transplanting rice seedlings, and putting the shrimp seeds in the shrimp rearing ditch from the temporary rearing shed;

(5) feeding the shrimp feed at fixed time and fixed quantity, wherein the shrimp feed is put on the outer peripheral side of the shrimp culturing ditch;

(6) detecting water quality every week, and changing water according to needs;

(7) catching shrimps and harvesting: and (5) catching shrimps in the last ten days of 10 months, growing rice ears, and harvesting rice after the field is roasted.

Furthermore, the height of the ridge is 0.6-0.8m higher than the surface of the paddy field, the width of the top surface of the ridge is 2m, and weeds are reserved in the ridge.

Further, the escape-preventing facilities in the step (1) are: polyethylene plastic films are used as the escape-proof purse nets around the ridges, and 60-mesh filter screens are used as the escape-proof nets at the water inlets and the water outlets.

Further, the width of the annular shrimp culture ditch in the step (1) is 4-5m, and the depth is 1-1.2 m.

Further, 50 mu of paddy field is used as a planting unit in the step (1), and the width of the shrimp culture ditch is 4.5m and the depth is 1-1.2 m.

Further, in the step (3), the field drying time is 7-10 days, the consumption of the quicklime is 90-100kg per mu of the shrimp culture ditch, and the sterilization mode is spraying sterilization.

Further, in the step (4), the shrimp seeds are put into the temporary culture shed in 25-5 months at 4 months, and the shrimp seeds are put into the shrimp culture ditch from the temporary culture shed for 10 days after the tape grass and the hydrilla verticillata are planted and the rice is transplanted to turn green and then put in at the evening on a sunny day.

Further, in the step (4), the putting density of the shrimp seeds in the annular shrimp culture ditches is 5000-; the row spacing for transplanting rice is 30cm, and the planting distance is 15 cm; before rice seedlings are planted, the special fertilizer for co-breeding of rice and shrimps is applied to the rice field, and the application amount per mu is 30-35 kg.

Furthermore, the area of the eel grass and the hydrilla verticillata in the shrimp culture ditch is kept between 30 and 40 percent.

Further, in the step (4), when the shrimp larvae are put in the temporary rearing shed, the feed is as follows: the special animal bait and plant bait for shrimp culture in the rice field, the weight ratio of the animal bait to the plant bait is 3:2, and the daily feeding amount is 10 percent of the weight of the thrown shrimp fries; in the step (5), after the shrimp seedlings are put into the shrimp culturing ditches, the feed is special animal bait and plant bait for culturing shrimps in the rice field, the daily feeding amount is 8 percent of the weight of the shrimps in the pond, and the weight ratio of the special animal bait to the plant bait for culturing the shrimps is 3: 2; after 2 months, the weight ratio of animal baits to plant baits in the feed is changed to 2:3, and the daily feeding amount is 6 percent of the weight of the shrimps in the pond.

Further, the animal bait is fish meal and the spiral shell mussel meat which are mixed according to any weight ratio, and the plant bait is one or more of wheat, corn, bean pulp and vegetable oil cakes which are mixed according to any weight ratio.

Compared with the prior art, the invention has the following beneficial effects:

(1) according to the invention, the eel grass and the hydrilla verticillata are planted in the shrimp culture ditch, so that various heavy metal ions and organic pollutants in water can be absorbed, the effects of purifying water and improving water quality are achieved, the output of the Australia freshwater crayfish can be ensured under the condition of reducing the water changing frequency, and the waste of water resources is reduced; meanwhile, the eel grass and the hydrilla verticillata can also be used as food of Australia freshwater crayfishes, so that the input of shrimp food is reduced;

(2) according to the invention, the annular shrimp culture ditches are excavated at the periphery of the rice field, so that the material exchange between the shrimp culture ditches and the rice field is facilitated, the water quality of the rice field is also improved, and the rice can fully utilize the excrement of the crayfish as the nutrient; meanwhile, the moving range of the Australian freshwater crayfish in the rice field is widened, the effect of predating aquatic organisms and pests in the field is exerted, the soil loosening of the rice field can be better assisted, the oxygen content in the water of the rice field is increased, and therefore the yield of the crayfish and the rice is improved;

(3) according to the invention, the eel grass and the hydrilla verticillata are planted in the shrimp culture ditch, so that mutual killing among Australia freshwater crayfishes can be weakened, and the culture yield can be improved.

Detailed Description

Reference will now be made in detail to various exemplary embodiments of the invention, the detailed description should not be construed as limiting the invention but as a more detailed description of certain aspects, features and embodiments of the invention. It is to be understood that the terminology used herein is for the purpose of describing particular embodiments only and is not intended to be limiting of the invention.

Further, for numerical ranges in this disclosure, it is understood that each intervening value, between the upper and lower limit of that range, is also specifically disclosed. Every smaller range between any stated value or intervening value in a stated range and any other stated or intervening value in a stated range is encompassed within the invention. The upper and lower limits of these smaller ranges may independently be included or excluded in the range.

Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs. Although only preferred methods and materials are described herein, any methods and materials similar or equivalent to those described herein can be used in the practice or testing of the present invention. All documents mentioned in this specification are incorporated by reference herein for the purpose of disclosing and describing the methods and/or materials associated with the documents. In case of conflict with any incorporated document, the present specification will control.

It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications and variations can be made in the specific embodiments of the present disclosure without departing from the scope or spirit of the disclosure. Other embodiments will be apparent to those skilled in the art from consideration of the specification. The description and examples are intended to be illustrative only.

As used herein, the terms "comprising," "including," "having," "containing," and the like are open-ended terms that mean including, but not limited to.

The "parts" in the present invention are in parts by weight unless otherwise specified.

Example 1

(1) Rice field transformation: reinforcing and heightening the paddy field ridge to enable the surface of the ridge to be 0.6m higher than the paddy field surface, the top surface of the ridge to be 2m wide and weeds to be reserved on the ridge; annular shrimp culturing ditches are excavated at the periphery of the rice field, 50 mu of the rice field is taken as a culturing unit, the width of each shrimp culturing ditch is 4m, the depth of each shrimp culturing ditch is 1m, a water inlet ditch and a water outlet ditch are arranged, water is independently fed into each water inlet ditch, water is independently drained from each water outlet ditch, 4 water inlets and water outlets with the diameter of 15cm are equidistantly arranged in each annular shrimp culturing ditch, polyethylene plastic films are used as anti-escape enclosure nets around ridges, and 60-mesh filter screens are adopted as anti-escape nets at the water inlets and the water outlets;

(2) digging temporary cultivation sheds in the rice field, wherein the area is one mu, the depth of the shed is 80cm, and cattail is planted in the sheds;

(3) before planting rice, the field water is drained, the field is dried in the sun for 7 days, and 90kg of quicklime is added into each mu of shrimp culture ditch to spray and disinfect the shrimp culture ditch;

(4) putting the shrimp seeds into a temporary rearing shed for 4 months and 25 days, and regularly and quantitatively feeding the shrimp seeds at fixed points, wherein the feed is put on the peripheral side of the temporary rearing shed, the feed is animal feed obtained by mixing fish meal and mussel meat in a weight ratio of 1:1, and plant feed obtained by mixing wheat, corn, bean pulp and plant oil cakes in a weight ratio of 1:1:1:1, the weight ratio of the animal feed to the plant feed is 3:2, and the daily feeding amount is 10 percent of the weight of the put shrimp seeds; adding water into the shrimp culture ditches, planting the eel grass and the hydrilla verticillata, and manually intervening the areas of the eel grass and the hydrilla verticillata to ensure that the areas of the eel grass and the hydrilla verticillata are kept to be 30-40 percent of the area of the shrimp culture ditches, applying special fertilizer for co-culture of rice and shrimps in a rice field, wherein the application amount per mu is 30kg, the rice is planted, the row spacing is 30cm and the plant spacing is 15cm, after the rice turns green and the eel grass and the hydrilla verticillata are planted for 10 days, putting the shrimp seeds into the shrimp culture ditches from a temporary culture shed, and putting the shrimp seeds in the shrimp culture ditches at the evening of sunny days, wherein the putting density of the shrimp seeds in the shrimp culture;

(5) after the shrimp larvae are put into the shrimp culturing ditch, regularly and quantitatively feeding the shrimps at fixed points to eat, wherein the shrimps eat the shrimp feed put on the peripheral side of the shrimp culturing ditch, and the feeding feed is as follows: the bait comprises animal bait mixed by fish meal and spiral shell mussel meat in a weight ratio of 1:1, and plant bait mixed by wheat, corn, bean pulp and vegetable oil cake in a weight ratio of 1:1:1:1, wherein the weight ratio of the animal bait to the plant bait is 3:2, and the daily feeding amount is 8% of the weight of the shrimps in the pond; after 2 months, the feed is changed into: the weight ratio of the animal baits to the plant baits is 2:3, and the daily feeding amount is 6% of the weight of the pond-storing shrimps;

(6) detecting water quality every week, and changing water according to needs;

(7) catching shrimps and harvesting: catching shrimps in 25-26 days after 10 months, growing rice ears, and harvesting rice after baking.

In this embodiment, the time for putting the shrimp seeds into the annular shrimp culturing ditch from the temporary rearing shed is 6 months and 12 days in the evening, and the water is changed for 3 times in 1.5 months, 2.5 months and 3.5 months after the shrimp seeds are put.

Example 2

(1) Rice field transformation: reinforcing and heightening the paddy field ridge to enable the surface of the ridge to be 0.6m higher than the paddy field surface, the top surface of the ridge to be 2m wide and weeds to be reserved on the ridge; annular shrimp culturing ditches are excavated at the periphery of the rice field, 50 mu of the rice field is taken as a culturing unit, the width and the depth of each shrimp culturing ditch are 4.5m and 1m, water inlet ditches and drainage ditches are arranged, water is independently fed into the water inlet ditches, water is independently drained from the drainage ditches, 6 water inlets and water outlets with the diameters of 25cm are arranged in the annular shrimp culturing ditches at equal intervals, polyethylene plastic films are used as anti-escape enclosure nets around ridges, and 60-mesh filter screens are adopted as the anti-escape nets at the water inlets and the water outlets;

(2) digging temporary cultivation sheds in the rice field, wherein the area is one mu, the depth of the sheds is 100cm, and cattail grass is planted in the sheds;

(3) before planting rice, the field water is drained, the field is dried in the sun for 7 days, and 100kg of quicklime is added into each mu of shrimp culture ditch to spray water to sterilize the shrimp culture ditch;

(4)5, putting the shrimp seeds into a temporary culture shed for 5 months and 5 days, regularly and quantitatively feeding at fixed points, putting the feed at the peripheral side of the temporary culture shed, wherein the fed feed is animal feed obtained by mixing fish meal and mussel meat in a weight ratio of 1:2 and plant feed obtained by mixing wheat, corn and vegetable oil cakes in a weight ratio of 1:1:1, the weight ratio of the animal feed to the plant feed is 3:2, and the daily feeding amount is 10 percent of the weight of the thrown shrimp seeds; adding water into the shrimp culturing ditch, planting the eel grass and the hydrilla verticillata, and manually intervening the areas of the eel grass and the hydrilla verticillata to ensure that the areas of the eel grass and the hydrilla verticillata are kept to be 30-40 percent of the area of the shrimp culturing ditch, applying special fertilizer for co-culturing rice and shrimp in a rice field, wherein the application amount per mu is 35kg, the rice is planted, the row spacing is 30cm and the plant spacing is 15cm, after the rice turns green and the eel grass and the hydrilla verticillata are planted for 10 days, putting the shrimp seeds into the shrimp culturing ditch from a temporary culture shed, and putting the shrimp seeds in the shrimp culturing ditch at the evening of sunny days, wherein the putting density of the shrimp seeds in the shrimp culturing ditch is 5000 tails/;

(5) after the shrimp larvae are put into the shrimp culturing ditch, regularly and quantitatively feeding the shrimps at fixed points to eat, wherein the shrimps eat the shrimp feed put on the peripheral side of the shrimp culturing ditch, and the feeding feed is as follows: the weight ratio of the animal baits to the plant baits is 3:2, and the daily feeding amount is 8 percent of the weight of the pond-storing shrimps; after 2 months, the feed is changed into: the weight ratio of the animal baits to the plant baits is 2:3, and the daily feeding amount is 6 percent of the weight of the pond-storing shrimps;

(6) detecting water quality every week, and changing water according to needs;

In this embodiment, the time for putting the shrimp seeds into the annular shrimp culture ditch from the temporary rearing shed is 6 months and 13 days at the evening, and the water is changed for 3 times in 1.5 months, 2.5 months and 3.5 months after the shrimp seeds are put.

Comparative example 1

The difference from example 1 is that no shrimp culture furrows were provided in the rice field, and only rice was planted alone.

Comparative example 2

The comparative example is to separately breed Australia freshwater crayfish, and the breeding method is the same as that of example 1.

Comparative example 3

The difference from example 1 is that the water change times are 1 month, 2 months, 2.5 months and 4 times of water change in 3.5 months after the shrimp larvae are thrown.

Comparative example 4

The difference from example 1 is that the shrimp culture ditches are not planted with eel grass and hydrilla verticillata, and the water changing times are the same.

Comparative example 5

The difference from example 1 is that no eel grass or hydrilla verticillata is planted in the shrimp culture ditch, and the water changing times are the same as that of comparative example 3.

Comparative example 6

The difference from example 1 is that cattail is planted in the shrimp culture ditches.

Comparative example 7

The difference from example 1 is that the area of the eel grass and the hydrilla verticillata in the shrimp culture groove is 50 to 60 percent.

In the culture process, the mutual only killing condition of the Australian freshwater crayfishes in the examples 1-2 and the comparative examples 2-7 is observed, and the fact that the mutual only killing condition of the Australian freshwater crayfishes in the examples 1-2, the comparative examples 2-3 and the comparative example 7 is obviously weaker than that in the comparative examples 4-6 shows that the mutual only killing between the Kucao and the hydrilla verticillata can be effectively weakened.

Statistics were made on the yields of the captured Australian freshwater crayfish in examples 1-2 and comparative examples 2-7 and the yields of the harvested rice in comparative example 1 and comparative examples 3-7, and the results are shown in Table 1.

TABLE 1

The above description is only for the preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of the present invention is not limited thereto, and any person skilled in the art should be able to cover the technical solutions and the inventive concepts of the present invention within the technical scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. A method for culturing Australia freshwater crayfish in a paddy field is characterized by comprising the following steps:

(2) digging temporary cultivation sheds in the rice field, wherein the area is one mu, the depth of the sheds is 80-100cm, and cattail is planted in the sheds;

(6) detecting water quality every week, and changing water according to needs;

2. The method of claim 1, wherein the ridges have a height of 0.6 to 0.8m above the surface of the paddy field, a width of 2m at the top surface, and retain weeds.

3. The method according to claim 1, wherein the escape-proof facility in step (1) is: polyethylene plastic films are used as the escape-proof purse nets around the ridges, and 60-mesh filter screens are used as the escape-proof nets at the water inlets and the water outlets.

4. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the width of the circular shrimp raising furrows in step (1) is 4-5m and the depth is 1-1.2 m.

5. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the step (3), the field drying time is 7-10 days, the quicklime is used in an amount of 90-100kg per mu of shrimp culture ditch, and the sterilization mode is spray sterilization.

6. The method according to claim 1, wherein in the step (4), the shrimp seeds are put into the temporary rearing shed in 25 days at 4 months to 5 months and 5 days, and the time for putting the shrimp seeds into the shrimp rearing ditches from the temporary rearing shed is that the shrimp seeds are put in the evening of a sunny day after the tape grass and the hydrilla verticillata are planted for 10 days and the rice is transplanted to turn green.

7. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the step (4), the shrimp seeds are thrown into the annular shrimp culture ditches at a throwing density of 5000-; the row spacing for transplanting rice is 30cm, and the planting distance is 15 cm; before rice seedlings are planted, the special fertilizer for co-breeding of rice and shrimps is applied to the rice field, and the application amount per mu is 30-35 kg.

8. The method of claim 1, wherein the acremonium gracile and hydrilla verticillata area in the shrimp grove is maintained at 30-40%.

9. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein in the step (4), the feed for the young shrimps cultured in the temporary culture shed is: the special animal bait and plant bait for shrimp culture in the rice field, the weight ratio of the animal bait to the plant bait is 3:2, and the daily feeding amount is 10 percent of the weight of the thrown shrimp fries; in the step (5), after the shrimp seedlings are put into the shrimp culturing ditches, the feed is special animal bait and plant bait for culturing shrimps in the rice field, the daily feeding amount is 8 percent of the weight of the shrimps in the pond, and the weight ratio of the special animal bait to the plant bait for culturing the shrimps is 3: 2; after 2 months, the weight ratio of animal baits to plant baits in the feed is changed to 2:3, and the daily feeding amount is 6 percent of the weight of the shrimps in the pond.

10. The method according to claim 9, wherein the animal bait is fish meal and spiral shell mussel meat mixed in any weight ratio, and the plant bait is one or more of wheat, corn, bean pulp and vegetable oil cake mixed in any weight ratio.