CN113080116A - Staged breeding method for shrimp larvae in paddy field - Google Patents
Staged breeding method for shrimp larvae in paddy field Download PDFInfo
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
- A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
- A01K61/50—Culture of aquatic animals of shellfish
- A01K61/59—Culture of aquatic animals of shellfish of crustaceans, e.g. lobsters or shrimps
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
- A01G22/00—Cultivation of specific crops or plants not otherwise provided for
- A01G22/20—Cereals
- A01G22/22—Rice
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
- Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
- Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish
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Abstract
The invention provides a staged breeding method of shrimp larvae in rice fields, which comprises the steps of preparing a breeding field at the early stage; dividing parent shrimps into three batches to breed in a breeding field, wherein the first batch is bred after the rice seedlings in the breeding field are transplanted, the second batch is bred in a rice blooming and filling period, and the third batch is bred after water is added to the surface of a rice harvesting field; intensive cultivation of parent shrimps; inducing parent shrimps to breed through three times of environmental stress; and (5) cultivating and catching the shrimp larvae. The special shrimp larvae breeding field is arranged, and according to the asynchronous breeding characteristics of the breeding of the crayfishes, the modes of selecting and placing parent shrimps in different gonad development stages in stages, inducing breeding by environmental stress, intensive breeding, catching in stages and the like are adopted, so that the breeding rate of the parent shrimps and the survival rate of the shrimp larvae are improved, and the aim of batch production of the shrimp larvae in stages is fulfilled.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the field of lobster breeding, and particularly relates to a staged breeding method for rice field shrimp larvae.
Background
Procambarus clarkii (Procambarus clarkii), commonly known as freshwater crayfish, is originally produced in north america, is introduced to areas of south kyo in Jiangsu and Chuzhou in Anhui in China in 1929 through the Japan, is rich in nutrition and delicious in meat quality, and is favored by consumers. The freshwater crayfish is very suitable for the growth of the paddy field and is strongly driven by the market and the government, in recent years, the industrial scale of the freshwater crayfish in China is explosively increased, the total scale of the whole country reaches 1929 ten thousand mu by 2019, the total output reaches 209 million tons, the economic total reaches 4110 million yuan, and the culture area of the paddy field accounts for more than 70%. The traditional rice and shrimp breeding mode mostly adopts a crayfish self-reproduction and self-culture integrated mode, and has the defects of high management difficulty, high breeding cost, difficult control of shrimp fry density and the like; and the contradiction that the shrimp larvae are few in the early stage of 3 months and concentrated in the late stage of 5 months often occurs, the problem of unbalanced seasonal supply of the shrimp larvae is serious, the problems of low breeding yield, small specification, high breeding cost and the like of the crayfishes caused by the trouble that no larvae can be released in the early stage of breeding and excessive shrimp larvae in the later stage are solved in breeding production, the economic benefit is low, and the breeding loss of a plurality of shrimp farmers is caused.
With the appearance of the defects of the traditional rice shrimp breeding mode, the rice field crayfish breeding separation and other innovation modes are vigorously advocated in China, but the key for the success of the mode is that high-yield shrimp seeds are obtained, and batch shrimp seeds can be obtained in stages. Therefore, the invention carries out technical innovation on the aspects of parent shrimp selection, stocking method, rice variety selection and cultivation, environmental stress induced propagation, seed seedling cultivation, water quality and water level adjustment, enhanced fishing and the like according to the breeding characteristics of the procambarus clarkii, basically realizes the production purposes of early seedling emergence and staged batch supply of shrimp seedlings, is synchronous with the breeding and stocking time of commercial shrimps, and lays a seedling foundation for realizing the multi-cropping breeding of the procambarus clarkii in the rice field and improving the specification of the commercial shrimps.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a high-yield and high-efficiency rice field shrimp seedling staged breeding method. According to the method, the special crayfish breeding rice field is arranged, the parent crayfish with different specifications are put in batch in different seasons, the technical innovation measures such as rice variety selection, environmental stress induced breeding, shrimp fry intensive cultivation, water quality and water level regulation and enhanced catching are assisted, and the large-size shrimp fries are produced in batches in different breeding seasons.
The specific technical scheme is as follows:
a staged breeding method for shrimp larvae in paddy fields comprises the following steps:
(1) preparing a breeding field at the early stage;
(2) stocking parent shrimps: dividing parent shrimps into three batches to breed in a breeding field, wherein the first batch is bred after the rice seedlings in the breeding field are transplanted, the second batch is bred in a rice blooming and filling period, and the third batch is bred after water is added to the surface of a rice harvesting field;
(3) intensive cultivation of parent shrimps;
(4) and (3) propagation: inducing parent shrimps to breed by three times of environmental stress, wherein the first induction is combined with seedling field baking and drainage environmental stress to enter a cave for mating breeding, the second induction is combined with rice field drying before harvesting and is gradually drained and sunned to stress the parent shrimps to enter the cave for ovulation and mating breeding, and the third induction is water adding to induce the parent shrimps to exit the cave for hatching and breeding after the rice is harvested;
(5) and (5) cultivating and catching the shrimp larvae.
Further, the early preparation of the breeding field comprises ditching, disinfection, seedling transplanting, water plant transplanting and fertilization, wherein the ditching is to excavate a circular ditch around the breeding field to form a shrimp ditch for stocking parent shrimps, and the thickness of sludge in the shrimp ditch is 10-15 cm; the sterilization is to uniformly sprinkle 75-100 kg/mu of quicklime in the shrimp ditch; the aquatic weed transplanting is to transplant water peanuts or water hyacinth in shrimp ditches 10-15 days after the seedlings in the breeding field are transplanted; after the rice is harvested, the waterweeds are planted in the shrimp ditches and on the field surface; the fertilizer application is to sprinkle instant biological fertilizer in the shrimp ditch after the water plants are transplanted.
In a further scheme, the intensified cultivation refers to feeding the parent shrimps with feed in a time-sharing manner, and specifically comprises the following steps: feeding the crayfish with the special feed for the crayfish, the cooked soybeans and the cooked corns every day once in the period from the first parent shrimp stocking to the third parent shrimp stocking according to the mass ratio of 2: 1: 1, the daily feeding rate of the mixed feed is 1-2%;
feeding the crayfish with the special feed once a day after the third batch of parent crayfish is released, wherein the daily feeding rate is 0.5-1%;
after feeding the crayfish special feed for one month, selecting good weather, and feeding the crayfish special feed or the fermented feed once every 2 to 3 days.
Further, the rice seedling selects the rice variety with the growth period of 110-130 days.
In a further scheme, the first induction is that water in the rice field is completely discharged into the shrimp ditches 15-20 days after the first batch of parent shrimps are stocked, and the water level in the shrimp ditches is kept at least 40cm below the field surface in combination with the first field baking; inducing the first batch of parent shrimps to dig holes on the ridges and the subridges for mating;
the second induction is that after the second batch of parent shrimps are put in the open air for one month, the water in the shrimp ditches is gradually drained for 2 to 3 times in combination with field drying before rice harvesting until the water depth at the bottom of the shrimp ditches is 20 to 30cm, the first batch of parent shrimps are induced to enter a cave to ovulate and hatch, and the second batch of parent shrimps are induced to dig the cave to mate and ovulate; then removing wild trash fish in the shrimp ditch by using quick lime; then, thoroughly draining water in the shrimp ditch, and solarizing the ditch bottom to enable the ditch bottom to be dried to be in a cracking shape;
the third induction is to sun dry the rice field for 7-10 days after harvesting the rice, gradually deepen the water level of the rice field for 2-3 times after removing the straws in the rice field, and transplant the waterweeds into the shrimp ditches and the rice field in sequence in a mode of firstly planting the shrimps and then planting the waterweeds in the rice field in the process of adding water; until the paddy field is added to the deepest water level, keeping for 2-3 days, stimulating the egg-carrying or seed-carrying shrimps to come out of the holes, entering the paddy field for incubation and seedling discharge; then the water level of the rice field is reduced to 30-40cm, based on no submerging of rice stubble.
According to a further scheme, the shrimp larva cultivation comprises natural bait cultivation and shrimp larva feeding, wherein the natural bait cultivation refers to multiple times of water fertilizing cultivation, natural baits provide food for shrimp larva larvae which just grow out of membranes, and the natural baits comprise algae, rotifers, branch angles and copepods;
the shrimp larvae are fed by the following steps: when a large number of larvae are attached to the edge of the shrimp ditch ridge, feeding A feed for 1.5-2 months; then feeding the feed B for 3 months at intervals of 2-3 days on a sunny day; and finally, feeding the C feed completely.
According to a further scheme, the feeding method of the feed A comprises the steps of splashing soybean milk in the morning and feeding the special feed for the crayfish in the afternoon every day; wherein the soybean milk is prepared by feeding 1-2 jin of soybean per mu according to the area of the shrimp furrow; the special feed for the crayfish is calculated according to the area of a shrimp ditch, and 0.5-1 jin of feed is fed per mu;
the feeding method of the feed B comprises the steps of selecting a sunny day, and alternately feeding the special feed and the fermented feed for the crayfish every 2-3 days; wherein the feeding amount of the feed B is calculated according to the area of the shrimp ditches, and 1-2 jin of feed is fed per mu;
the C feed feeding method is to feed the special feed for the crayfishes every day, wherein the feeding amount is calculated according to the area of the rice field, 1-2 jin of feed is fed per mu, and 0.5-1 jin of feed is added every week until the normal feeding amount is reached.
In a further scheme, the shrimp larvae is caught for 3 times, and the interval between every two times is 1-2 months.
The special feed for crayfish in the invention is a compound feed which is directly purchased in the market, the protein content of the feed is 30-36%, the grain size of the feed is about 2.0mm, and the feed is stable in water for 2-3 hours and does not disperse.
The method is characterized in that a special shrimp larvae breeding field is arranged, and according to the asynchronous breeding characteristics of breeding of the crayfishes, 3 batches of shrimp larvae are produced by stages in modes of selecting parent shrimps in different gonad development stages in stages, inducing breeding under environmental stress, enhancing breeding and the like for breeding commercial shrimps.
The invention is provided with a special breeding field, the concentrated seedling emergence period of the breeding shrimps is divided into 3 stages by breeding the breeding shrimps with different specifications for 3 times, which is exactly matched with the feeding time of the shrimp fries cultured in the three crops of the crayfish in the rice field, thereby solving the source problem of the shrimp fries cultured in the three crops of the pond and the rice field, realizing the controllable density of the shrimp fries in the breeding field and being beneficial to producing the shrimps with large-size quality.
The method adopts three times of environmental stress to induce parent shrimps to breed, and solves the problem of red and black 'soy sauce soup' in the rice field seedling culture by removing straws, changing water, using a substrate modifier and the like, solves the problem of low dissolved oxygen in the rice field caused by straw rotting, and improves the breeding rate of the parent shrimps and the survival rate of the shrimp seedlings, particularly the survival rate and the yield of early breeding autumn seedlings.
Detailed Description
Example 1:
a staged breeding method for shrimp larvae in paddy fields comprises the following steps:
(1) preparing a breeding field in an early stage, including ditching, disinfecting, transplanting seedlings, transplanting waterweeds and fertilizing;
selecting a breeding field: arranging shrimp fry breeding fields according to 15-20% of the total area of the crayfish breeding in the rice field, controlling the area of a single shrimp fry to be within 20 mu, and requiring the breeding fields to be close to a water source and the soil to be clay loam;
ditching: arranging ridges with the height of 0.8-1 meter around the breeding field, digging shrimp ditches with the width of more than 2.5 meters and the depth of about 1 meter around the ridges in the breeding field, forming a rice field in the middle, and enabling the slope ratio of the ridges to the shrimp ditches to be more than 1:2 and the area of the shrimp ditches to occupy 10 percent of the area of the rice field; building small sub-ridges with the height of 0.1m and the width of 0.5m on the rice field positioned at the inner side of the shrimp ditches;
and (3) disinfection: removing excessive sludge in the shrimp ditch to ensure that the sludge is 10-15cm thick; 75-100 kg of quicklime is uniformly sprinkled per mu according to the area of the shrimp ditch, so that the pathogenic microorganisms in the circular ditch are thoroughly killed, the substrate is improved, and the calcium is increased.
Transplanting seedlings: the hybrid indica rice which has the growth period of 110 plus 130 days, is fertilizer-resistant, disease-resistant and lodging-resistant is preferably selected as the rice variety. Generally, in the middle ten days of the last 5 months, sowing and seedling raising are finished; in the middle ten days of 6 months, completing the transplanting of the seedlings; in the middle late 7 months, after tillering enough seedlings, performing first field baking on the rice field; in the last ten days of 9 months, gradually draining the paddy field water to prepare for harvesting the rice; finishing harvesting the rice in the middle ten days of the month 9; before the national day, the breeding of paddy fields and water feeding are finished. The purposes of watering in the morning and seedling emergence in the morning are achieved.
Transplanting aquatic weeds: transplanting water peanuts or water hyacinth in the shrimp ditch 10-15 days after the seedlings in the breeding field are transplanted; the method specifically comprises the following steps: transplanting every 15-20 m, wherein the diameter of the float grass cluster is about 2 m, and fixing the float grass cluster by using a stick or a bamboo pole and a rope to prevent drifting and gathering. After the rice is harvested, transplanting the waterweeds into the shrimp ditches and on the field surface, wherein 1 group of waterweeds is transplanted into the shrimp ditches every 20 meters, the field surface is 10 x 10 meters according to the plant-row spacing, and the diameter of the grass group is 20-30 cm; gradually increasing the water level to the deepest water level as the aquatic weeds live.
Fertilizing: after the waterweeds are transplanted, fast-soluble biological fertilizers such as amino acid fertilizer water cream, ferment fertilizer, potassium fulvate and the like are sprayed in the shrimp ditches, so that 1-1.5kg of water is fertilized per mu to promote the growth of the waterweeds; so that the water is light green, the water transparency is 30-40cm, and the ammonia nitrogen is less than or equal to 0.3g/m3And the pH value is 7.5-8.5.
(2) Stocking parent shrimps: dividing parent shrimps into three batches to breed in a breeding field, wherein the first batch is bred after the rice seedlings in the breeding field are transplanted, the second batch is bred in a rice blooming and filling period, and the third batch is bred after water is added to the surface of a rice harvesting field;
in the whole breeding process, parent shrimps with different specifications are released and cultured for three times, 40-50kg of the parent shrimps are released and cultured together, the parent shrimps with different specifications are released and cultured in different batches, and the gonad development of the released and cultured parent shrimp groups in each batch is controlled at different stages, so that the batch incubation and seedling emergence of the shrimp seedlings are realized. Wherein:
first batch: after the rice seedlings in the breeding field are transplanted (early 7 months), 15-20kg of healthy and active parent shrimps with bright red hard shells and specifications of 30-50 g/tail are released per mu;
and (2) second batch: 12.5-15kg of healthy and active parent shrimps with bright red hard shells and specifications of 20-30 g/tail are put in each mu in the period of rice flowering and filling in the poplar (8 ten days of the month);
and (3) third batch: namely, 12.5-15kg of healthy and active parent shrimps with bright red hard shells and specifications of 15-20 g/tail are put in the paddy field after water is added to the surface of the harvested paddy field (in the middle ten days of 10 months).
The parent shrimps are put in the breeding pond uniformly along the shrimp ditches around the rice field, and for the transported parent shrimps, the water in the breeding rice field needs to be balanced, and the parent shrimps are put in the breeding pond after being soaked and disinfected.
(3) Intensive cultivation of parent shrimps:
feeding different feeds to the parent shrimps according to the period, which specifically comprises the following steps: feeding the crayfish with the special feed for the crayfish, the cooked soybeans and the cooked corns every day once in the period from the first parent shrimp stocking to the third parent shrimp stocking according to the mass ratio of 2: 1: 1, the daily feeding rate of the mixed feed is 1-2%; generally, the shrimp is evenly fed for 1 time along the shallow water of the shrimp ditch at 18:00-19:00 in the afternoon every day.
Feeding the crayfish with the special feed once a day after the third batch of parent crayfish is released, wherein the daily feeding rate is 0.5-1%; generally, the feeding is carried out for 1 time at 17:00-18:00 pm every day, and the feeding is carried out uniformly in a full breeding field.
After feeding the crayfish special feed for one month, selecting a sunny day, and feeding the crayfish special feed or the fermented feed once every 2 to 3 days. Generally, the feeding is carried out along the periphery of the aquatic plants in the shrimp ditches at the noon of 12:00-15: 00.
1-2 feeding platforms can be arranged in the shrimp ditches of each breeding field, and feeds are fed on the feeding platforms according to the normal feeding mode, and the number of the feeding platforms is increased or decreased according to the situation of residual baits on the next day.
(4) And (3) propagation: inducing the parent shrimps to breed by adopting three times of environmental stress, wherein the first induction is combined with seedling field baking and the parent shrimps enter the cave for mating breeding through drainage environmental stress, the second induction is combined with rice field drying before harvesting and the parent shrimps enter the cave for ovulation and mating breeding through gradual drainage stress, and the third induction is that after the rice is harvested, the parent shrimps are induced to leave the cave for hatching and breeding by adding water. The method specifically comprises the following steps:
the first induction is to bake the field 10-20 days after the first parent shrimp is put in the field, i.e. all the water in the rice field is drained into the shrimp ditch, and the water level in the shrimp ditch is kept 40cm below the surface of the rice field; inducing the first batch of parent shrimps to dig holes on the ridges and the subridges for mating;
the second induction is to dry the field before harvesting the rice, namely, the water in the shrimp ditch is drained for 2-3 times gradually in 10 days in the last ten days of 9 months until the water level of the shrimp ditch is 20-30cm, the first batch of parent shrimps are induced to enter a cave to ovulate and hatch, and the second batch of parent shrimps are induced to dig the cave to mate and ovulate; then removing wild trash fish in the shrimp ditch by using quick lime; finally, thoroughly draining water in the shrimp ditch, and solarizing the ditch bottom to enable the ditch bottom to be in a cracking shape;
the third induction is that rice stubble is left 30-40cm after the rice is harvested, the rice field is sunned for 7 days after the straws of the rice field are removed, then water is added into the shrimp ditch, the waterweeds are transplanted into the shrimp ditch, and after the water plants live, water is gradually added to submerge 10-20cm of the field surface and keep for 1 week; transplanting the elodea nuttallii in the rice field, adding the water level to the highest water level after the elodea nuttallii lives, keeping for 2-3 days, and stimulating the egg-holding or seed-holding shrimps to come out of the holes and enter the rice field; finally, the water level can be reduced to 30-40cm, so as not to submerge rice stubbles, and thus parent shrimps which do not lay eggs can enter the cave again for mating and laying eggs.
(5) Shrimp fry cultivation:
A. natural bait cultivation, namely cultivating natural bait for a plurality of times by fertilizing water to provide food for the young shrimps which just grow out of the film, wherein the natural bait comprises algae, rotifer, twig and leaf, copepods and the like; the multiple water fertilizing is mainly carried out by treating the red and black soy sauce soup, applying sufficient base fertilizer, supplementing fertilizer regularly and the like, and the water body fertility is cultivated and maintained. The method specifically comprises the following steps:
treating soy sauce soup: after rice is harvested, rice straws are removed, rice stubbles are rotten 7-10 days after water is added into a rice field, water quality is deteriorated, the water color is red and black soy sauce water color, commonly called as soy sauce water, 2-3 times of water changing can be adopted, 1 time of hydrogen potassium persulfate composite salt oxidation type bottom material improving agent and bacillus biological type bottom material improving agent are respectively splashed, rotten rice stubbles are decomposed, and the soy sauce water is quickly restored to normal water color;
applying sufficient base fertilizer: before frost (10 mid-ten days), after the soy sauce soup is restored to normal water color, selecting continuous sunny weather, applying 25-50kg of fully fermented organic manure and 300g of trace elements 200 and 5g of organic fertilizers, 1-1.5kg of amino acids, 1-5 kg of diatom flourishing and constant-speed soluble biological fertilizers of ferment fertilizers and 300g of trace elements 200 and 300g of organic fertilizers to each mu of field surface, applying base fertilizers, sprinkling beneficial algae seeds such as chlorella and the like to the whole pond, sprinkling 4-5kg of green algae water to each mu, enabling the water body to be light green, enabling the transparency to be 20-30cm, mainly providing sufficient natural baits for the first batch of hatched shrimp seedlings, and promoting the shrimp seedlings to grow quickly;
and (3) regular fertilizer supplement: after the base fertilizer is applied, continuous sunny weather is selected every 10-15 days according to the water quality and fertility, amino acid fertilizer water paste, diatom bloom and ferment fertilizer constant-speed soluble biological fertilizer are mainly adopted, and 1-1.5kg of the base fertilizer is used per mu; the water temperature is higher than 15 ℃, beneficial algae seeds such as chlorella are sprinkled for 1 time after each additional fertilization, 4-5kg of green and diatom water is sprinkled for each mu, the water body is yellow green, the transparency is 30-50cm, natural bait is mainly provided for shrimp larvae which are hatched out of membranes in succession, the water temperature in winter is improved, and the safe overwintering of the shrimp larvae is guaranteed.
B. Feeding shrimp larvae: when a large number of larvae are attached to the edge of the shrimp ditch ridge, uniformly feeding A feed in the whole field for 1.5-2 months; then feeding the feed B for 3 months at intervals of 2-3 days on a sunny day; and finally, feeding the C feed completely.
Specifically, the method comprises the following steps: the feeding method of the feed A comprises splashing soybean milk in the morning and feeding the feed special for crayfish in the afternoon every day; wherein the soybean milk is prepared by feeding 1-2 jin of soybean per mu according to the area of the shrimp furrow; the special feed for the crayfish is calculated according to the area of a shrimp ditch, and 0.5-1 jin of feed is fed per mu.
The soybean milk provides partial bait for the larva on one hand, and on the other hand, the soybean milk can fertilize water quality and cultivate natural bait. The special feed for the crayfish mainly provides feed for the bred parent crayfish and the crayfish fries with the specification of more than 2cm, strengthens the physique and improves the overwintering survival rate of the bred parent crayfish and the crayfish fries.
The feeding method of the feed B comprises the steps of selecting a sunny day, and alternately feeding the special feed and the fermented feed for the crayfish every 2-3 days; wherein the feeding amount of the feed B is calculated according to the area of the shrimp ditches, and 1-2 jin of feed is fed per mu; wherein the protein content in the special feed for crayfish is 36%, the appearance size is uniform and regular, the surface is glossy, the grinding fineness of the raw materials is more than or equal to 100 meshes, the feed is stable in water for 2-3 hours and does not lose, and the particle size is 1.0 mm; the fermented feed is prepared by fully fermenting soybean meal, bran, corn flour, brown sugar and a fermentation microbial inoculum. The feed is uniformly fed along the side of the circular ditch waterweeds, and the feed is not fed when the lowest air temperature reaches below 0 ℃.
The C feed feeding method is to feed the crayfish with the feed specially used every day, wherein the feeding amount is calculated according to the area of the rice field, 1-2 jin of feed is fed per mu, and 0.5-1 jin of feed is added every week until the normal feeding amount is reached.
Gradually increasing the water level of the breeding field to the highest water level along with the gradual return rise of the air temperature, stimulating the shrimps with the seeds or the shrimp seeds in the holes to leave the holes, and reducing the water level to 20-30cm after keeping for 3-4 days. And uniformly feeding the feed along the side of the circular trench waterweeds at 12:00-15:00 noon in a sunny day. After 3 ten days in the middle of the month, gradually raising the temperature to about 20 ℃, gradually increasing the vitality of the shrimp larvae, gradually entering the field from the shrimp ditches, and gradually increasing the feeding amount according to the calculation of the area of the field, wherein in 3 months, 0.5-1kg of feed is fed per mu per day; 1-1.5kg of feed is fed per mu per day in 4 months; 1.5-2.5kg of feed is fed per mu per day in 5 months; feeding 2.5-4kg of feed per mu per day in 6 months.
(6) Catching the shrimp larvae: the shrimp larvae are intensively caught for 3 times at an interval of 1-2 months.
Catching for the first time: in 3-4 months, early-autumn-bred early seedlings are caught by using ground cages with the mesh size of 0.6cm, more than 5 ground cages are arranged per mu, the catching of shrimp seedlings is strengthened, and the parent shrimps after overwintering can be directly listed.
Fishing for the second time: in the last ten days of the month 5, intensively fishing the spring seedlings in spring by using a ground cage with the mesh size of 0.7 cm; when more than 5 ground cages are arranged, the shrimp catching is strengthened, and the parent shrimps after overwintering can be directly listed.
Fishing for the third time: in the middle and late ten days of 6 months, large-sized shrimp seeds at the later period are intensively caught by using a ground cage with the mesh size of 1.0cm, more than 5 dense-hole shrimp cages are arranged per mu, and the catching of the shrimp seeds is strengthened.
And 3-7 months, except for the concentrated catching stage of shrimp seeds, at other times, commercial shrimps with the specification of more than 15g can be caught by a ground cage with the mesh size of 3.5cm and sold on the market.
Example 2:
1. setting a breeding rice field, ditching, disinfecting, transplanting seedlings, transplanting water plants and fertilizing, which is the same as the embodiment 1;
shrimp larvae are arranged to breed 60 mu of field by stages, 4 fields are arranged, and the area of a single paddy field is 10-20 mu. And excavating shrimp ditches around the single rice field.
Selecting a rice variety Longjingyou No. 1, wherein the growth period is 121.2 days, the growth period is 5 months and 15 days in 2019, sowing and raising seedlings, the growth period is 6 months and 13 days, transplanting seedlings manually, and roasting for the first time in 12 days in 7 months; adding water 3-5cm into the surface of the paddy field in 18 days after 7 months, and keeping the dry, wet and wet states; 8, 5 months and about 10cm of water level in the rice field; draining water for 9 months and 10 days to dry the field; harvesting rice in 9 months and 20 days.
2. Stocking parent shrimps
For 26 days in 6 months, 900kg of 30-50g of parent shrimps with the specification is cultured in the shrimp ditch, and 15kg of parent shrimps per mu; 850kg of 20-30g of parent shrimps with the standard is stocked for 8 months and 7 days, and the amount of the parent shrimps per mu is about 14 kg; 10 months and 2 days, and breeding 800kg of parent shrimps with the specification of 15-20g, and about 13kg per mu.
3. Intensive cultivation of parent shrimps
Feeding different feeds to the parent shrimps according to the period, which specifically comprises the following steps: feeding the crayfish with the special feed for the crayfish, the cooked soybeans and the cooked corns every day once in the period from the first parent shrimp stocking to the third parent shrimp stocking according to the mass ratio of 2: 1: 1, the daily feeding rate of the mixed feed is 1 percent; generally, the shrimp is evenly fed for 1 time along the shallow water of the shrimp ditch at 18:00-19:00 in the afternoon every day.
Feeding the crayfish with the special feed once a day after the third batch of parent crayfish is released, wherein the daily feeding rate is 1%; generally, the feeding is carried out for 1 time at 17:00-18:00 pm every day, and the feeding is carried out uniformly in a full breeding field.
After the special feed for crayfish is fed for one month, the special feed or the fermented feed for crayfish is fed once every 2 days in sunny weather. Generally, the feeding is carried out along the periphery of the aquatic plants in the shrimp ditches at the noon of 12:00-15: 00.
And 2 feeding tables are arranged in the shrimp ditches of each breeding field, and feed is fed on the feeding tables according to the normal feeding mode, and the number of the feed is increased or decreased according to the situation of residual feed on the next day.
4. Induced propagation
7, 12 months and 2019, gradually draining the water in the field into the shrimp ditches, and keeping the water level of the shrimp ditches 40cm below the field surface; gradually discharging field water and shrimp ditch water to reach a water level of 20-40cm in 2019, 9 months and 10-12 days; in 2019, 9, 13 and 500kg of quicklime is splashed in the shrimp ditch; 9, 19 months in 2019, and draining the shrimp ditch water completely; harvesting the rice in 20 days in 9 months, harvesting the rice in 26 days in 9 months in 2019, packaging the straws in the rice field, and moving the straws out of the rice field; transplanting waterweeds into the shrimp ditch for 9 months and 27 days, wherein every 20 meters of waterweeds are transplanted into a cluster, and the diameter of the grass cluster is 20-30 cm; beginning at 29 months 9 and 9 years 2019, gradually deepening the water level to submerge the field surface by 10cm, transplanting the waterweeds according to the plant-row spacing of 10 x 10 m, wherein the diameter of the grass ball is 20-30 cm; gradually increasing the water level to the deepest water level along with the growth of the water plants, keeping the water level for 3-4 days, and then reducing the water level to about 30cm of the water level of the field surface so as not to submerge rice stubble.
5. Shrimp fry cultivation
Cultivating natural bait. The natural bait is mainly cultivated by means of rich water.
Treating soy sauce soup with water. 10 months and 8 days to 10 months and 15 days, the water quality is deteriorated due to the rotting of rice stubble, the water is changed for 2 times in the period, and the oxone compound salt oxidation type substrate modifying agent and the bacillus biological substrate modifying agent are respectively sprayed for 1 time.
Water quality cultivation: 50kg of fully fermented chicken manure and 300g of trace elements are applied to each mu of field surface in 20 am of 10 months in 2019; 1.5kg of amino acid fertilizer water paste and 300g of trace elements are used for each mu of circular ditches; in the afternoon, beneficial algae such as chlorella is splashed into the whole pool, and 4-5kg of the water is splashed into each mu. Respectively applying 1 time of diatom bloom to 11-month 10 days in 2019, 26 days in 11-month in 2019, 10 days in 12-month in 2019, 1-month 1 day in 2020, 20 days in 1-month 20 in 2020, 9 days in 2-month in 2020, 25 days in 2-month in 2020, and 10 days in 3-month in 2020, wherein 1.5kg of diatom water is used for each mu, and culturing the diatom water. The transparency of the whole water body is kept at 30-50cm in winter, and only a small amount of moss floats on the water surface.
② feeding shrimp larvae
In the middle ten days of 10-11 months, the soybean milk and the granulated feed are mainly fed on sunny days, 8 in the morning: 00-9: and (00) sprinkling soybean milk, and feeding the soybean milk made of 0.5kg of soybeans per mu according to the area of the shrimp groves. Feeding complete feed (with crude protein content of 30%) matched with the expanded crayfish at 17:00-18:00 in the afternoon, and feeding 0.25kg per mu.
In the last ten days of 11 months to the middle ten days of the next 2 months, the middle noon of continuous sunny days is selected to be 12:00-15:00, the complete-price special feed (with the protein content of 36%) for the expanded crayfish and the fermented feed are alternately fed every 2-3 days, the feed is fed about 0.25kg per mu according to the area of the crayfish ditches, and the crayfish is uniformly fed along the edge of the annular ditch waterweeds. The lowest temperature is below 0 ℃, and no feed is fed.
In 2-3 middle of the month, selecting 12:00-15:00 noon in sunny days, feeding the special feed (protein content is 36%) for the complete matched puffed crayfish, and feeding 0.25-0.5kg of feed per mu according to the area of the shrimp sulcus. Uniformly feeding the water plants along the circular ditch.
In the middle and last ten days of 3 months, 0.5-1kg of feed is fed per mu, and the feed is fed uniformly in the whole field.
In 4 months, 1.5-2kg of feed is fed per mu, and the feed is fed uniformly in the whole field.
And in 5 months, 2-2.5kg of feed is fed per mu, and the feed is uniformly fed in the whole field.
2.5-3kg of feed is fed per mu in 6 months, and the feed is fed uniformly in the whole field.
And set up and eat the platform, observe the condition of eating, the specific feeding volume is according to the condition of eating, and increase and decrease as appropriate, 17 in the afternoon every day: feeding for 1 time at 0:0-19:00, and uniformly feeding the feed in the whole field.
6. Batch intensified fishing
Catching for the first time: and (3) 10 days to 4 days and 1 day, arranging 400 cages in the breeding field, fishing 3100kg of 150-year-old seedlings with the catching specification of 100-.
Fishing for the second time: and 5, 1-13 days in 5 months, arranging 300 cages in the breeding field, fishing 9000kg of 80-100 shrimp seedlings in total, and putting all the shrimp seedlings in the own 300 mu of breeding field.
Fishing for the third time: and (3) setting 300 ground cages in the breeding field for 6-15-6-28 days, fishing 4200kg of shrimp seedlings with the specification of 50-80/jin in total, and putting all the shrimp seedlings in the own 300 mu of breeding field.
Except the concentrated catching stage, on the other time, a ground cage with the mesh size of 3.5cm is adopted to catch 4260kg of commercial shrimps with the specification of more than 15 g.
16300kg of shrimp seedlings and 4260kg of commercial shrimps are jointly fished in 60 mu of staged breeding field, 271.7kg of shrimp seedlings and 71kg of commercial shrimps are produced per mu.
The above-described embodiments are merely preferred embodiments of the present invention, and the embodiments of the present invention are not limited to the above-described embodiments, and it should be understood that many other modifications and embodiments can be devised by those skilled in the art, which will fall within the spirit and scope of the principles of this disclosure.
Claims (8)
1. A staged breeding method for shrimp larvae in paddy fields is characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps:
(1) preparing a breeding field at the early stage;
(2) stocking parent shrimps: dividing parent shrimps into three batches to breed in a breeding field, wherein the first batch is bred after the rice seedlings in the breeding field are transplanted, the second batch is bred in a rice blooming and filling period, and the third batch is bred after water is added to the surface of a rice harvesting field;
(3) intensive cultivation of parent shrimps;
(4) and (3) propagation: inducing parent shrimps to breed through three times of environmental stress, wherein the first induction is to combine seedlings to roast a field and to enter a cave for mating and breeding through drainage environmental stress; the second induction is to combine the dry field before the rice harvest, and to force the parent shrimps to enter the cave for ovulation and mating propagation through gradual drainage and field sunning; the third induction is that after the rice is harvested, the parent shrimps are induced to come out of the holes by adding water for hatching and breeding;
(5) and (5) cultivating and catching the shrimp larvae.
2. The staged breeding method for shrimp larvae in paddy field as claimed in claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the early-stage preparation of the breeding field comprises ditching, disinfection, seedling transplanting, water grass transplanting and fertilization, wherein the ditching is to excavate a circular ditch around the breeding field to form a shrimp ditch for stocking parent shrimps, and the thickness of sludge in the shrimp ditch is 10-15 cm; the sterilization is to uniformly sprinkle 75-100 kg/mu of quicklime in the shrimp ditch; the aquatic weed transplanting is to transplant water peanuts or water hyacinth in shrimp ditches 10-15 days after the seedlings in the breeding field are transplanted, and transplant the waterweeds into the shrimp ditches and the field surface respectively after the rice is harvested; the fertilizer application is to sprinkle instant biological fertilizer in the shrimp ditch after the water plants are transplanted.
3. The staged breeding method for shrimp larvae in paddy field as claimed in claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the intensified cultivation refers to feeding the parent shrimps with the feed in a time-sharing manner, and specifically comprises the following steps:
feeding the crayfish with the special feed for the crayfish, the cooked soybeans and the cooked corns every day once in the period from the first parent shrimp stocking to the third parent shrimp stocking according to the mass ratio of 2: 1: 1, the daily feeding rate of the mixed feed is 1-2%;
feeding the crayfish with the special feed once a day after the third batch of parent crayfish is released, wherein the daily feeding rate is 0.5-1%;
feeding the crayfish special feed once every 2 to 3 days after feeding the crayfish special feed for one month.
4. The staged breeding method for shrimp larvae in paddy field as claimed in claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the rice seedling is a rice variety with the growth period of 110-130 days.
5. The staged breeding method for shrimp larvae in paddy field as claimed in claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the first induction is that water in the rice field is completely discharged into the shrimp ditch 15-20 days after the first batch of parent shrimps are put in the breeding field and seedlings are enough to bake the field for the first time, and the water level in the shrimp ditch is kept at least 40cm below the field surface; inducing the first batch of parent shrimps to dig holes on the ridges and the subridges for mating;
the second induction is that after the second batch of parent shrimps are put in the field for one month and the rice is dried before harvesting, the water in the shrimp rice field and the shrimp ditch is gradually drained for 2-3 times until the water depth at the bottom of the shrimp ditch is 20-30cm, the first batch of parent shrimps are induced to enter a cave to ovulate, and the second batch of parent shrimps are induced to dig the cave for mating and ovulate; then removing wild trash fish in the shrimp ditch by using quick lime; then, thoroughly draining water in the shrimp ditch, and solarizing the ditch bottom to enable the ditch bottom to be dried to be in a cracking shape;
the third induction is to sun dry the rice field for 7-10 days after harvesting the rice, gradually deepen the water level of the rice field for 2-3 times after removing the straws in the rice field, and transplant the waterweeds into the shrimp ditches and the rice field in sequence in a mode of firstly planting the shrimps and then planting the waterweeds in the rice field in the water adding process; until the paddy field is added to the deepest water level, keeping for 2-3 days, stimulating the egg-carrying or seed-carrying shrimps to come out of the holes, entering the paddy field for incubation and seedling discharge; then the water level of the rice field is reduced to 30-40cm, based on no submerging of rice stubble.
6. The staged breeding method for shrimp larvae in paddy field as claimed in claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the shrimp larva cultivation comprises natural bait cultivation and shrimp larva feeding, wherein the natural bait cultivation refers to the cultivation of natural bait for multiple times of rich water to provide food for shrimp larva which just grows out of the membrane, and the natural bait comprises algae, rotifer, branch angle and copepods;
the shrimp larvae are fed by the following steps: when a large number of larvae are attached to the edge of the shrimp ditch ridge, feeding A feed for 1.5-2 months; feeding the feed B for 3 months every 2-3 days; and finally, feeding the C feed completely.
7. The staged breeding method for shrimp larvae in paddy field as claimed in claim 6, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the feeding method of the feed A comprises splashing soybean milk in the morning and feeding the feed special for crayfish in the afternoon every day; wherein the soybean milk is prepared by feeding 1-2 jin of soybean per mu according to the area of the shrimp furrow; the special feed for the crayfish is calculated according to the area of a shrimp ditch, and 0.5-1 jin of feed is fed per mu;
the feeding method of the feed B comprises the steps of alternately feeding the special feed and the fermented feed for the crayfish every 2-3 days; wherein the feeding amount of the feed B is calculated according to the area of the shrimp ditches, and 1-2 jin of feed is fed per mu;
the C feed feeding method is to feed the special feed for the crayfishes every day, wherein the feeding amount is calculated according to the area of the rice field, 1-2 jin of feed is fed per mu, and 0.5-1 jin of feed is added every week until the normal feeding amount is reached.
8. The staged breeding method for shrimp larvae in paddy field as claimed in claim 1, wherein the method comprises the following steps: the shrimp fry catching is carried out for 3 times, and the interval between every two times is 1-2 months.
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| CN115885789A (en) * | 2022-11-15 | 2023-04-04 | 江苏海洋大学 | Green, ecological and efficient comprehensive planting and breeding method for rice, soft-shelled turtles, shrimps and fishes |
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